HomeMy WebLinkAbout08- Bozeman Climate Action Plan
Executive Summary
Climate Change has the potential to have devastating effects on the Bozeman community if immediate and
aggressive policies are not taken to begin mitigating for anthropogenic (man-made) greenhouse gas (GHG)
concentrations, the major cause of global warming. Urged by the efforts of the Citizens Concerned for
Climate Change, the Bozeman City Commission signed onto the Mayors Climate Protection Agreement
(MCPA) in November 2006. The MCPA, initiated in 2005 by Seattle's Mayor Nickel's, is a commitment to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 12 percent below 1990 levels by 2012.
The City of Bozeman hired a Sustainability Coordinator for cone-year internship in May 2007 to begin
developing the Bozeman Climate Action Plan (CAP). The CAP identifies ways in which the community can
begin addressing Climate Change. Facilitated by the efforts of the Sustainability Coordinator, The Bozeman
Climate Protection Task Force (CPTF) was appointed in July 2007 and given one year to identify a baseline
emissions inventory of greenhouse gas emissions for the community and create benchmarks for reducing
the community's emissions.
The CPTF met once a month to review, discuss, and understand the scope of the CAP. In October of 2007,
the CPTF agreed to focus the first part of the CAP on municipal operations. The reasons are two- fold. First,
the CPTF believes that the City should lead by example. This document represents the Municipal Climate
Action Plan (Municipal CAP) which outlines the basis for each recommendation, the carbon reduction
potential of that recommendation, and financial considerations associated with that recommendation.
Second, the CPTF agreed that given the time constraints often months to produce a report, a meaningful
and thoughtful approach to GHG mitigation recommendations could only begin with municipal operations. It
is important to stress that this plan is only a first part to atwo-part plan, and the City must complete a
Community Climate Action Plan to fulfill the requirements of the Mayors Climate Protection Agreement.
The Task Force identified a baseline year of 2000 to measure Bozeman municipal emissions performance
against. The year 2000 was selected because it was the first year with sufficient records available to
calculate a baseline for City of Bozeman greenhouse gas emissions. An interim emissions inventory of 2006
was also performed.
The Task Force set a target of reducing municipal greenhouse gas emissions 15 percent below 2000 levels by
2020 as the City's reduction goal. The target year of 2020 was specifically identified to coincide with the
efforts of the Bozeman 2020 Community Plan.
Based on the CACP analysis, Bowman's total Municipal Operations COZe emissions for 2000 were 6,083 tons
of COze. Buildings were the leading source of emissions (all in tons COZe) with 2,384; Water/Sewage 1,958;
Vehicle Fleet 1,487; Streetlights 326; and Waste -72 (see figure below). An interim year of 2006 was also
.measured to effectively gauge the City's most current emissions. Based on CACP analysis, Bowman's
Municipal Operations COZe emissions for 2006 were 7,866 tons of COze. Buildings were the leading source
.~ .. _~.,~... _ _ ~, u.,
iii Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
Bozeman %C02e Emissions 2000
strcetliQhts wasu
sx 1 -ix
Bozeman 9GC02e Emissions 2006
Streetlights Wasu
~x -Zx
Vehldc fleet
~vx
The figures above show emission levels for the City in 2000 and 2006. The City's goal is to reduce its
greenhouse gas emissions to a level 15% below 2000 levels by 2020, or thus a numeric goal of 5,172 tons of
C02e by the year 2020 (i.e., [1-0.15)]*6,083).
with 3,226; Water/Sewage 2,652; Vehicle Fleet 1543; Streetlights 564; and Waste -119 (note that a negative
number signifies net carbon sequestered in the landfill). GHG reductions policies are far reaching and affect
all sectors of society; for this reason, a holistic approach to GHG mitigation management must be used to
effectively address climate change reduction strategies. The Climate Protection Task Force produced
realistic and achievable goals balanced with innovative and progressive ideas to provide policies from which
City officials can make effective decisions. Carbon reduction policies and fiscal responsibility are not
mutually exclusive; for this reason, these recommendations will create a healthier community while most
often saving taxpayer dollars.
The table that follows provides a summary of the 40 recommendations that the Task Force provided to the
City Commission. All recommendations in the MCAP were agreed to by the CPTF through unanimous
consent.
iv Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan .June 2008
Summary of recommendations for the Bozeman Climate Protection Task Force to the City of Bozeman.
Climate Protection Task Force Recommendation Closely
Related To...
Planning, Building, and Energy
PBE-1. Manage Energy Usage ED-4
PBE-2. Revise Building Codes to Include LEED
PBE-3. Retrofit City Buildings to LEED Standards
_ _
PBE-4. Create Sustainable Operations and Maintenance Manual for all Buildings
PBE-5. Create Employee Conservation and Education Programs
__ _
PBE-6. Purchase Green Tags
PBE-7. Convert to Daylight Janitorial Services
PBE-8. Create an Energy Fund
Transportation and land Use
TLU-1. Improve Traffic Signal Operations
TLU-2. Consider Roundabouts
-- -- -- -- ---- --- -- --- -
TLU-3. Modify Vehicle Purchasing Policies WWR-8
_ _TLU-4. Establish Vehicle Tracking Method for City Fleet ___
TLU-S. Increase City Average Fuel Efficiency Standard -~- WWR-8
TLU-6. Create Transportation Demand Management Pilot Program
TLU 7. Anti-idling ordinance
TLU-8. Green Bike Program _
TLU-9. Fund LED Program
_. -
TLU-105treamline Funding
Waste Water and Recycling
WWR-1. Install an Electricity-producing Turbine for the Sourdough Creek Plant
WWR-2. Enforce LEED Building Standards for the Sourdough Treatment Plant Expansion PBE-3, 4
WWR-3. Stop the Purchase of Bottled water with City of Bozeman Taxpayer Funds PBE-S
WWR-4. Install a turbine for electrical generation at the City's Lyman Water Treatment Plant
WWR-5. Set Goals for Water Conservation, then Measure, Monitor, Verify and Acton these Goals
- PBE-1
WWR-6. Support Solid Waste Recycling in Municipal Buildings and Facilities, and in public spaces
WWR-7. Explore Grant and Other Opportunities for Glass Recycling/Reuse
WWR-8. Convert 100% of City Fleet of Solid Waste Collection Vehicles to the Use of Non-fossil Fuels TLU-3,5
_WWR-9. Produce an On-line Monthly Report of Municipal Recycling Activities _ PBE-1, ED-4
WWR-10. Develop/continue Program for Solid Waste Co-use and Resale Opportunities incl. Compost
WWR-11. Capture and Use Methane Gas Coming Off the Story Mill Landfill Site
WWR-12. Install aMicro-turbine Power Generation System for Methane Capture and Use
WWR-13. Secure Funding for Currently Unfunded Upgrades in Phase I of the WRF Upgrade Plan
WWR-14. Commend City for Increases in Energy Efficiency Planned in Phase I of WRF Upgrade
Education
ED-1. Create and Adapt Community Action Plan
ED-2. Participate in National Conversation on Climate Action, October 4th
_
ED-3. Participate in Gallatin Earth Celebration
_. _.
ED-4. Create Office of Sustainability _ _
- --- ------- ------ - PBE-1,8
ED-5. Create a Tree Planting Program
ED-6. Create k-12 Education Program __
ED-7. Create an Adaptation Plan
Implementation
IMP-1. Adapt Milestones for Reducing Bowman's COZe Footprint PBE-1, ED-4
v Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
Table of Contents
Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................................1
Global Warming: A Brief Summary .............................................................................................................................. ..2
Global Warming Potential and COze ............................................................................................................................. ..3
Global Warming Potential Units of Measure ................................................................................................................ ..4
Terminology: Weather, Climate, Climate Change, and Global Warming ..................................................................... ..4
Climate Change and Bozeman ................................................................................................................................. .. 6
Climate Change Impacts to our Bozeman Community ................................................................................................. ..6
What is Bozeman Doing About Climate Change? ......................................................................................................... ..7
Scope of this Municipal Climate Action Plan (MCAP) ................................................................................................... ..8
Bozeman Municipal Emissions Inventory ..................................................................................................................... ..8
Bozeman Municipal CAP Process and Summary of Recommendations ....................................................................... 10
Planning, Building, and Energy (PBE) Sub-Committee Recommendations ................................................................. 12
Basis for Recommendations ......................................................................................................................................... 12
PBE Recommendations ................................................................................................................................................. 13
Transportation and Land Use (TLU) Sub-Committee Recommendations ................................................................... 18
Basis for Recommendations ......................................................................................................................................... 18
Basic Data ...................................................................................................................................................................... 18
Alternative Fuels ........................................................................................................................................................... 19
Magnitude of the Problem ............................................................................................................................................ 19
TLU Recommendations for Reducing the City's Carbon Footprint ............................................................................... 19
Waste, Water & Recycling Sub-Committee Recommendations ................................................................................ 24
Basis for Recommendation ........................................................................................................................................... 24
Basic Data ...................................................................................................................................................................... 24
WWR Recommendations: Incoming Water Treatment ............................................................................................... 25
WWR Recommendations: Solid Waste and Recycling ................................................................................................. 27
WWR Recommendations: Water Reclamation Facility ................................................................................................ 30
Education and Outreach .......................................................................................................................................... 34
Implementation ...................................................................................................................................................... 36
Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................................. 38
Bowman's Climate Protection Task Force .................................................................................................................... 38
City Staff ........................................................................................................................................................................ 38
Other Agencies .............................................................................................................................................................. 38
Appendix A: Mayors' Climate Protection Agreement ............................................................................................... 39
Appendix 8: Suggestions for Future Community Plan ............................................................................................... 41
Citizens Concerned for Climate Change Recommendations ......................................................................................... 41
Transportation and Land Use Community Suggestions ................................................................................................ 43
Appendix C: Supporting Data from ICLEI CACP Software .......................................................................................... 49
CACP Data 2000 and 2006 Summaries ......................................................................................................................... 49
CACP Data 2000 and 2006 Details ................................................................................................................................ 50
Raw Data: Energy Usage for City of Bozeman Municipal Operations for the 2000 and 2006 ..................................... 73
vi Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
Chapter 1
Introduction
Climate Change is an issue which has the potential to have devastating effects on the
Bozeman community if immediate and aggressive policies are not taken to begin mitigating for
anthropogenic (man-made) greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations which are a major cause of
global warming. Urged by the efforts of the Citizens Concerned for Climate Change, the Bozeman
City Commission signed onto the Mayor's Climate Protection Agreement (MCPA) in November 2006
(Appendix A). The MCPA, initiated in 2005 by Seattle's Mayor Nickel's, is a commitment to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions to 12 percent below 1990 levels by 2012.
The City of Bozeman hired a Sustainability Coordinator for a one. year internship in May
2007 to begin developing the Bozeman Climate Action Plan (CAP) (as described later, this was split
into two efforts; this document, the Municipal CAP, and a Community CAP to be developed) . The
CAP identifies ways in which the community can begin addressing Climate Change. Facilitated by
the efforts of the Sustainability Coordinator, The Bozeman Climate Protection Task Force (CPTF)
was appointed in July 2007 and given one year to identify a baseline emissions inventory of
greenhouse gas emissions for the community and create benchmarks for reducing the community's
emissions.
The CPTF met once a month to review, discuss, and understand the scope of the CAP. In
October of 2006, the CPTF agreed to focus the first part of the CAP on Municipal operations. The
reasons are two- fold. First, the CPTF believes that the city should lead by example. This document
represents the Municipal Climate Action Plan (Municipal CAP) which outlines the basis for each
recommendation, the carbon reduction potential of that recommendation, and financial
considerations associated with that recommendation. Second, the CPTF agreed that given the time
constraints often months to produce a report, a meaningful and thoughtful approach to GHG
mitigation recommendations could only begin with municipal operations. It is important to stress
that this plan is only a first part to atwo-part plan, and the city must complete a Community
Climate Action Plan to fulfill the requirements of the Mayors Climate Protection Agreement.
The recommendations provided in this Municipal CAP are divided into five sections: (1)
Planning Building & Energy, (2) Transportation and Land Use; (3) Waste Water & Recycling, (4)
Education & Outreach, and (5) Implementation. Realistic and achievable goals along with innovative
and progressive ideas were balanced to provide policies from which city officials can make effective
decisions. Carbon reduction policies and fiscal responsibility are not mutually exclusive; for this
reason, these recommendations will create a healthier community while saving taxpayer dollars.
This report also includes several appendices for a future Community Climate Action Plan.
. ~.~ s_, ti_...~ ,.. -..- ~,~ .. _. ... _ ~ ~~ ~.._ _ -. ... ~~._ ~, n. ,
1 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
•I
During the process, the CPTF found overlap between municipal and community operations.
For this reason, the CPTF decided to append the recommendations to include possible community
recommendations. These recommendations are only suggestions and intended to be used a tool to
help guide the Community Climate Protection Task Force in their efforts (See Appendix B).
Global Warming: A Brief Summary
Scientific evidence clearly tells us that the Earth is warming, and that humans are
influencing this trend. That was the conclusion of the second scientific assessment of the United
Nation Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988 and reinforced by the third and
fourth scientific assessments by the IPCC submitted in 2001 and 2007. In 2007 the IPCC concluded,
"The balance of evidence suggests a discernible human influence on global climate."
fihe Greenhouse E~'ect
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~w6ed and ~eamil~d h all
d bY~ has
mdeodes. The e~ddthls !sb wean
he eaAr"a end trelawer
Figure 1. Graphical representation of the greenhouse effect
(adapted from www.epa.gov/climatechange/kids/greenhouse.html)
The greenhouse effect (Figure 1) is the process whereby short wavelength energy from the
sun hits the Earth and is re-radiated back toward space as long wavelength infra-red heat energy.
Some of this heat energy passes into space but some is absorbed by the atmosphere, resulting in
the retention of heat around the Earth. The natural greenhouse effect helps keep the Earth's
average temperature at around 59 degrees Fahrenheit (F). Without the natural greenhouse effect,
the Earth's average temperature would be around 0 ° F, and the planet would be largely
uninhabitable.
Since industrialization, humankind has markedly increased the concentration of molecules
in the atmosphere that absorb heat energy (known as "greenhouse gases"). These measurable
concentration increases, along with upward trends in temperatures and rapid climate change
around the globe, are the underlying basis for the current concerns of global warming.
2 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan ~ June 2008
A greenhouse gas is any gas in the atmosphere that adsorbs infra-red radiation and thereby
contributes to the greenhouse effect. There are numerous greenhouse gases but the three of
major concern to normal citizens and municipal operations-and thus the focus of this report-are
carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide:
• Carbon Dioxide (COZ) emissions result from the burning of fossil fuels (e.g., oil, coal, or
natural gas) most often for transportation, industrial operations, or the heating of
buildings.
• Methane (CH41 emissions result from the anaerobic decay of organic materials in landfills
and water treatment plants, as well as from fuel production, livestock production, and
farming.
• Nitrous Oxide (NZO) emissions result from agricultural and industrial activities, as well as
during combustion of solid waste and fossil fuels.
These gases are also naturally occurring (e.g., plants "breathe" out carbon dioxide, and
methane is a natural byproduct of decomposition). However, human activities such as those
mentioned above have increased the concentration of these greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
far beyond natural levels. That is why man-made GHG are the primary focus of efforts to reduce the
impact that humans are having on the climate system.
For the first time, the IPCC is providing best estimates for the warming projected to result
from particular increases in greenhouse gases that could occur after the 21st century, along with
uncertainty ranges based on more comprehensive modeling. If atmospheric concentrations of
greenhouse gases double compared to pre-industrial levels, this would "likely" cause an average
warming of around 3°C (5.4°F), with a range of 2 - 4.5°C (3.6 - 8.1°F). A GHG level of 650 ppm (parts
per million)would "likely" warm the global climate by around 3.6°C(6.5°F), while 750 ppm would
lead to a 4.3°C(7.7°F) warming, 1,000 ppm to 5.5°C(9.9°F) and 1,200 ppm to 6.3°C(11.3°F).
Future GHG concentrations are difficult to predict and will depend on economic growth,
new technologies, government policies and actions to stem GHG growth, and other factors. By
signing on to the Mayors' Climate Protection Act, the City of Bozeman has declared its intention to
take action to minimize its output of global warming gases.
Global Warming Potential and C02e
Each greenhouse gas differs in its ability to absorb heat in the atmosphere. The difference
in absorption ability results from the different chemical bond characteristics for each molecule, as
well as their expected lifetime in the atmosphere.
Scientists use the term "global warming potential" (or GWP) to describe how much a given
mass of greenhouse gas will contribute to global warming. GWP is a relative scale that compares
the gas in question to the same amount of COZ (i.e., COz has a GWP of 1.0). COZ was chosen as the
reference because it is the most prevalent of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. As shown in
Table 1, methane traps 21 times more heat per molecule than carbon dioxide and thus has a GWP
of 21. Nitrous oxide absorbs 260 times more heat per molecule than carbon dioxide and thus has a
GWP of 260.
3 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
•
Table 1. Relative global warming potential of the most common greenhouse gases. (Source EPA
http://www.epa.gov/climatechang%missions/downloads/ghg gwp.pdf. Accessed 5/9/08).
Greenhouse gas` Chemical
Symbol
GlobaC warming potential Expected lifetime (years).
in the atmosphere
Carbon Dioxide COZ 1 50-150
Methane CH4 21 10.5
Nitrous Oxide NZO 260 132
Global Warming Potential Units of Measure
When actual emissions are being discussed, global warming potentials allow policy makers
to use one unit of measurement for comparing the various greenhouse gasses. That unit of
measure is the known as "COz equivalents" (or "COze"). For instance, 1 ton of carbon dioxide
emissions would equal 1 ton of COze; 1 ton of methane would equally 21 tons of COZe. For the
entirety of the Bozeman Municipal CAP estimates will be in terms of COze .
Terminology: Weather, Climate, Climate Change, and Global Warming
Weather versus Climate
The terms weather and climate are often used interchangeably. In fact, they are different:
weather is a condition of the atmosphere atone particular time and place, while climate is the
average pattern of weather in a given place.
Measures of weather include wind speeds, temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure,
and precipitation. The weather often changes substantially from day to day. Weather patterns are
a product of climate. Unlike weather, climate generally refers to large scales in time and space.
Climate includes the broader overall relationships between the earth's atmosphere, oceans, land,
and solar radiation.
Global Warming versus Climate Change
Global warming refers to the overall rise of the Earth's average temperature over time due
to anthropogenic emissions of global warming gases. Climate change describes the potentially
dramatic changes in such areas as sea level, weather patterns (storm events, flood, drought), and
soil moisture resulting from global warming. It is important to note that wetter, cooler climates
may result in some local areas even while on average the Earth is getting hotter.
Critical to current concerns about global warming is recognizing that human-induced
climate change is occurring on time scales far faster than would be expected naturally. While
humans are accustomed to living with daily and seasonal weather changes, we do not have
experience adapting to rapid climate change. These changes are likely to have long-lasting and
widespread adverse impacts on ecological systems, human health, and economies. Similarly, other
species may be incapable of adapting to the changes resulting from rapid climate change.
~ Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
•
The lag time between the emissions of greenhouse gases and their full impact on the
climate can be decades or even centuries. The time required to reverse any effects is similarly long
making it imperative to start activities such as outlined in the Municipal CAP now to best minimize
global warming and the resulting climate changes.
5 ~ Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan
June 2008
Chapter 2
Climate Change and Bozeman
Climate Change Impacts to our Bozeman Community
While the global climate system is large, complex, and dynamic, evidence strongly suggests
that human-caused emissions of greenhouse gases are directly tied to recent warming of the globe.
Scientists are increasingly confident that the impacts of global warming over the next 50 to 100
years promise to be substantial. Anticipated climate-related challenges include rising sea levels,
disrupted water resources, lessened food security, threats to humari health, and disruptions to
natural ecosystems. The frequency and severity of extreme weather events is also expected to
increase.
Figure 2. Bozeman and the Gallatin Valley as seen from the Bridger Crest.
Anticipating the impacts of climate change for a local. area, such as Bozeman, is more
difficult than predicting average change across the globe. However, for the Bozeman area, climate
change may lead to such tangible, life-impacting alterations as increased catastrophic forest fires,
shortened ski seasons, hotter summers, lower summer river flows, and drought.
Decreased tourism may result from shortened ski and fishing seasons, with a resulting
decrease in business income and related tax income. Increased drought can have severe impacts
on agri-business, as well as lead to increased property loss due to forest fires. Importantly, these
impacts will stress municipal services such as fire prevention and clean and abundant water supply.
In addition to human-related concerns in the Bozeman area, local ecological diversity and
our natural resources are likely to suffer a broad range of negative impacts and losses due to global
6 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
i
warming. These changes are intrinsically important, as well as with respect to their impact on
tourism and other industries. Such changes might include disruption of native fisheries (e.g., west
slope cutthroat trout populations), increased plant disease (e.g., blister rust), increased plant
pathogens (e.g., bark beetles), and negative impacts on high elevation species (e.g., white bark
pine).
What is Bozeman Doing About Climate Change?
Mayors Climate Protection Agreement
The Mayor of Bozeman signed on to the Mayors Climate Protection Agreement (MCPA) in
November 2006. The purpose of this agreement is to engage US cities to decrease their output of
gases known to cause global warming. As of 2008, 852 Mayors across the United States signed
onto the MCPA, thereby committing their cities to attempt to meet measurable goals for
greenhouse gas reductions.
The Mayors Climate Protection Agreement is at least in part tied to the federal
government's decision not to sign the International Kyoto Protocol agreement. The Kyoto
agreement commits nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions seven percent below 1990
levels by 2012. As of the writing of the Bozeman Municipal CAP, the United States has still not
ratified the Kyoto protocol agreement.
The City of Bozeman should be commended for its leadership and progressive approach
towards beginning to address climate change prior to this report. For instance, the City has the first
silver rated LEED (Leadership in Environmental and Energy Design) public building in the state of
Montana with its public library. The new City Hall is being renovated using LEED Existing Building
designs. When possible, the City uses bio-diesel in its vehicle fleet, and the City has converted most
of its traffic signals from incandescent light bulbs to Light Emitting Diodes (LED's). LED's are 80
percent more energy efficient than incandescent bulbs.
Climate Protection Task Force
The Bozeman City Commission appointed the Bozeman Climate Protection Task Force in
July of 2007 to create a Bozeman Climate Action Plan (CAP). The Task Force is made up of diverse
volunteers from the community, including people from the business, building, energy, science,
engineering, and non-profit sectors, as well as citizen-at-large representatives. Over the course of
the year the Task Force membership changed (losses and additions) due to members moving and
changes in availability. Overall the group was relatively stable for the ^'10 months required to
create this Municipal CAP.
Bozeman Global Warming Gas Reduction Goal
The Task Force identified a baseline year of 2000 to measure Bozeman municipal emissions
performance against. The year 2000 was selected because it was the first year with sufficient
records available to calculate a baseline for City of Bozeman greenhouse gas emissions. An interim
emissions inventory for 2006 was also performed.
The Task Force set a target of reducing municipal greenhouse gas emissions 15 percent
below 2000 levels by 2020 as the City's reduction goal. The target year of 2020 was specifically
identified to coincide with the efforts of the Bozeman 2020 Community Plan. GHG reductions
Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
policies are far reaching and affect all sectors of society; for this reason, a holistic approach to GHG
mitigation management must be used to effectively address climate change reduction strategies
Scope of this Municipal Climate Action Plan (MCAP)
This Municipal CAP serves as a guideline and tool for the Bozeman City government to
decrease its greenhouse gas emissions. This document is not intended to drive change in
businesses or individuals in the City of Bozeman, though it certainly will serve as a foundation for
the Community Climate Action Plan to follow (see below). The Task Force would like to stress to
the Commission that to be in compliance with the MCPA the City of Bozeman must still complete
a Community Climate Action Plan separate from the Municipal CAP.
All the recommendations in the Municipal Climate Action Plan were achieved by
unanimous consent of the CPTF.
This Municipal CAP should be used as a living document to be reviewed, monitored, and
adjusted as necessary. It is important to note that further analysis of proposed changes might be
required before action is taken. While the Task Force believes that all recommendations are
warranted ecologically, in most cases a rigorous analysis of cost (or benefit) per unit of COZ reduced
was beyond the Task Force's scope and/or knowledge and/or time availability. Thus we cannot
present these recommendations as an ordered list of preferred actions (i.e., beginning with the
most cost beneficial changes and running to most expensive changes per unit of COZ reduction).
The Task Force started with municipal operations rather than attempting a full blown
private/public plan believing that in the end lessons learned in the Municipal plan would greatly
inform the Community plan and, as a result, lead to higher likelihood of overall greenhouse gas
reductions before the 2020 target year. The Task Force recognizes that municipal operations have
far smaller potential reductions than those that will be available from a plan directed at the entire
community including private businesses, Montana State University, and the general citizenry.
The Task Force unanimously agrees that a Community Climate Action Plan must be
completed and adopted no later than 18 months from the adoption of the Municipal CAP. The
Community CAP should incorporate this Municipal CAP, thus provide a complete private/public
greenhouse gas reduction plan for the City of Bozeman. The Task Force believes that a
facilitator/leader will be required to assist the current Climate Protection Coordinator to complete
the Community CAP. We believe that the current Climate Protection Coordinator position does not
have sufficient hours to lead the Community CAP, unless the position is re-scoped. A consultant or
graduate student intern could also be considered to facilitate/lead the Community CAP.
Bozeman Municipal Emissions Inventory
The City of Bozeman hired a Sustainability Coordinator for cone-year internship to manage
the Mayor's Climate Protection Agreement. The Sustainability Coordinator was charged with
conducting a baseline emission inventory and facilitating the efforts of the Bozeman Climate
Protection Task Force (CPTF).
The CPTF was given one year to examine emission reduction strategies and make
recommendations for the City's COz reduction policies. As previously noted, the CPTF unanimously
agreed that the recommendations would focus solely on Municipal operations with a commitment
to Community recommendations as asecond phase of the Climate Action Plan.
$ Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
Using the Clean Air Climate Protection (CACP) software version 1.1, June 2005 provided by
ICLEI-Local Governments for Sustainability, a baseline emissions inventory was performed on the
following municipal sectors: Buildings, Vehicle Fleet, Streetlights, Water/Sewage, and Waste (see
Appendix C for data).
Based on the CACP analysis, Bowman's total Municipal Operations COZe emissions for 2000
were 6,083 tons of C02e. Buildings were the leading source of emissions (all in tons COze) with
2,384 tons; Water/Sewage 1,958 tons; Vehicle Fleet 1,487 tons; Streetlights 326 tons; and Waste -
72 tons (Figure 3).
Bozeman %C02e Emissions 2000
Streetlights Waste
5°.6 -1°~
Figure 3. Percentage breakdown of Bozeman Municipal C02e emissions in the year 2000.
Figure 4. Percentage breakdown of Bozeman Municipal COze emissions in the year 2006.
9 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
An interim year of 2006 was also measured to effectively gauge the city's most current
emissions. Based on CACP analysis, Bowman's Municipal Operations COze emissions for 2006 were
7,866 tons of COZe. Buildings were the leading source with 3,226; Water/Sewage 2,652; Vehicle
Fleet 1543; Streetlights 564; and Waste -119, all in tons of COZe (Figure 4).
The negative emissions from the Waste sector deserve comment. Greenhouse gas
emissions generated from waste are dependent on the type of waste being disposed of and the
configuration of the landfill where waste is disposed. Two processes generally occur in a typical
landfill. First, the waste does not completely decompose causing some of the carbon that would
have been released as COzto be sequestered in the landfill. This process is representative of the
current Bozeman Story Hill landfill resulting in a negative COze inventory. In a second process,
because of the lack of oxygen in the landfill decomposing organic matter is released. as methane, a
greenhouse gas 21 times more potent than COZ. If methane is not captured or burned, landfills are
usually net sources of greenhouse gas emissions (showing as positive emissions). In some cases,
the methane released can be captured to produce energy or heat, which converts it back to the less
potent COZ while at the same time displacing the need to supply new methane for energy or heat.
Bozeman Municipal CAP Process and Summary of Recommendations
To begin addressing global warming gas reductions, the Task Force divided into three
subcommittees: (1) Planning, Building, and Energy (PBE); (2) Transportation and Land Use (TLU);
and (3) Waste Water and Recycling (WWR). The CPTF did not explicitly state that each group must
achieve the 15 percent reduction within its sector. Instead, the groups are tasked with determining
baseline carbon footprint numbers and identifying greenhouse gas reduction opportunities within
their sectors.
In the chapters that follow, we provide recommendations to the City from each of the
three subcommittees. Table 2 provides a summary of those recommendations for easy reference.
Note that in some instances recommendations from the three sub-committees overlapped; Table 2
shows those relationships.
The City's goal is to reduce its
greenhouse gas emissions to a level
15% below 2000 levels by 2020,
or thus a numeric goal of
5,172 tons of COZe by the year 2020
(i.e., [1-0.15)]*6,083)
Chapters 3-6 of this report provide
recommendations on how
Bozeman can reduce its greenhouse
gas emissions to achieve this goal.
10 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan ~ . June 2008
Table 2. Summary of recommendations from the Climate Protection Task Force to the City of Bozeman.
Closely
Climate Protection Task Force Recommendation
Related To...
Planning, Building, and Energy
PBE-1. Manage Energy Usage
__ ED-4
PBE-2. Revise Building Codes to Allow LEED
PBE-3. Retrofit City Buildings to LEED Standards or Equivalent
PBE-4. Create Sustainable Operations and Maintenance Manual for all Buildings
PBE-5. Create Employee Conservation and Education Programs
PBE-6. Purchase Green Tags
PBE-7. Convert to Dayligh_tlanitorial Services _ _
PBE-8. Create an Energy Fund
Transportation and Land Use
TLU-1. Improve Traffic Signal Operations ____ ____
_
---- --- - -- ---- -- -- ---
___ ____
TLU-2. Consider Roundabouts
__
TLU 3. Modify Vehicle Purchasing Policies
WWR-8
TLU-4. Establish Vehicle Tracking Method for City Fleet
TLU-5. Increase City Average Fuel Efficiency Standard WwR-8
_.......
TLU-6. Create Transportation Demand Management Pilot Program
TLU-7. Anti-idling ordinance
TLU-8. Green Bike Program
TLU-9. Fund LED Program
_..
TLU-10. Streamline Funding
Waste Water and Recycling
WWR-1. Install an Electricity-producing Turbine for the Sourdough Creek Plant
__
WWR-2: Enforce LEED Building Standards for the Sourdough Treatment Plant Expansion
PBE 3 4
WWR-3. Stop the Purchase of Bottled water with City of Bozeman Taxpayer Funds PBE-5
WWR-4. Install a turbine for electrical generation at the City's Lyman Water Treatment Plant
WWR-5. Set Goals for Water Conservation, then Measure, Monitor, Verify and Acton these Goals PBE-1
_ __
WWR-6. Support Solid Waste Recycling in Municipal Buildings and Facilities, and in public spaces _--
WWR-7. Explore Grant and Other Opportunities for Glass Recycling/Reuse
WWR-8. Convert 100% of City Fleet of Solid Waste Collection Vehicles to the Use of Non-fossil Fuels TLU-3,5
WWR-9. Produce an_On-line Monthly Report of Municipal Recycling Activities PBE-1, ED-a
WWR-10. Develop/continue Program for Solid Waste Co-use and Resale Opportunities incl. Compost
WWR-11. Capture and Use Methane Gas Coming Off the Story Mill Landfill Site
WWR-12. Install aMicro-turbine Power Generation System for Methane Capture and Use
WWR-13. Secure Funding for Currently Unfunded Upgrades in Phase I of the WRF Upgrade Plan
WWR-14. Commend City for Increases in Energy Efficiency Planned in Phase I of WRF Upgrade _.
Education
EDU-1. Create and Adapt Community Action Plan
EDU-2. Participate in National Conversation on Climate Action, October 4th
EDU-3. Participate in Gallatin Earth Celebration
_... _
EDU-4. Create Office of Sustainabiliry _
PBE-1,8
EDU-5. Create a Tree Planting Program
EDU-(i. Create k-12 Education Program
EDU-7. Create an Adaptation Plan
Implementation
IMP-1. Adapt Milestones for Reducing Bowman's COZe Footprint PBE-1, ED-4
1~ Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
Chapter 3
Planning, Building, and Energy (PBE) Sub-Committee
Recommendations
Basis for Recommendations
The Planning Building & Energy (PBE) subcommittee was comprised of Peter Belschwender,
Steve Burner, MeI Kotur, Matthew Madden, and Otto Pohl.
The PBE developed recommendations based on the baseline emissions inventory, their own
knowledge, and recommendations proposed by various experts during committee meetings.
Certain recommendations were removed from consideration based on feedback from these experts
and information collected by the PBE. Local experts that the PBE met with included James
Goehrung (Facilities Superintendant), Andy Epple (Planning Director), Kath William (LEED
consultant), Linda Revenaugh (SWMBIA), Alice Meister (Library Director), Chuck Winn (Public
Service Director), Gary Griffith (Bozeman Public School System Energy Director), and Ed Sondeno
(Bozeman Public School System Energy Manager).
Table 3 provides a summary of actual energy used by City buildings, as well as the COZe
resulting from that use. This information served as the basis for reduction planning and for the
resulting recommendations provided below.
Table 3. City Building Energy Use for the years 2000 and 2006.
2000 2006
_.
Electricity (kWh)
1,474,535
3,514,933
Natural Gas (Dkt) 26,502 22,819
Total tons COZe resulting from City electricity
and natural gas usage for the given years 2384 3226
12 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
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PBE Recommendations
PBE-1. Manage Energy Usage
Description. Energy management is the systematic, on-going process of determining where and
how energy is used, controlling energy use to optimize consumption and assessing opportunities.
In order to succeed, an appropriate staff person must be assigned the ownership and overall
responsibility for coordinating the implementation of the CAP. This staff person will provide the
leadership and supervision necessary to the various departments to complete the following tasks:
• Track and monitor all energy use; electricity, natural gas, fleet and equipment fuel.
• Integrate the Climate Action Plan with Operations, Maintenance, and Administration staff.
• Arrange energy audits on all City facilities.
• Publicize the efforts and accomplishments of the City regarding implementation of the Plan.
• Arrange for or provide training to all City staff members involved with Plan implementation.
Carbon Footprint Reduction. Efficient use of resources will result in reduced carbon output.
Demand Side Management strategies require staff support and necessary tools, and an established
operations and maintenance manual (see recommendation PBE-4) to provide sound guidance in
efficient use of energy and resources.
Financial considerations. There are no costs associated with this recommendation. However,
demand side management strategies have shown to reduce energy usage and overall utility costs.
PBE-2. Revise Building Codes to Allow LEED
Description. In our growing City there is a considerable amount of new construction. As the City
expands in every direction focus should be brought to projects and designers who are willing to
take the next step in "green building." LEED certification of new buildings is a formidable task. This
certification focuses on site development, water savings, energy savings, material selection, and
indoor environment quality. The City should take steps to embrace this level of construction and
the systems that make it effective. Some strategies used for LEED are non-conventional and may
not be "how we have always done it". These approaches should be given due consideration and, if
safe, code should be modified to allow for change.
Example: The new LEED Certified Silver Library has waterless urinals. During construction the code
required that water be plumbed to all locations (just in case). This is an unnecessary use of
resources and contrary to the intent of the waterless urinals.
Carbon Footprint Reduction. Easing the way for LEED certification will encourage designers and
builders to push the envelope of efficiency and therefore reduce the COZemissions of future
buildings. According to a study by the New Building Institute, LEED certified buildings are 25
percent to 30% percent more energy efficient than their non-certified counterparts.
Financial Considerations. The Building Department, with the support of the City Commission, could
easily make this step with a minimum amount of staff time. No initial investment is necessary.
PBE-3. Retrofit City Buildings to LEED Standards
Description. The City should lead by example and adopt the LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations
& Maintenance (LEED-EB) standards or the energy efficiency equivalent, allowing it to measure
operations, improvements, and maintenance of all City-owned buildings.
13 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
•
The City owns and operates 32 buildings. The facilities manager should be commended for efforts
to maintain and upgrade these buildings. However, at this point there is no system in place to
monitor energy performance or predict what affect any retrofit action will have on each building
(see recommendation PBE-1).
Using LEED-EB guidelines during a regularly scheduled upgrade or retrofit creates a comprehensive
approach to building performance. This system will take the guess work out of upgrades by
providing tools to predict performance and reduce COz output.
Carbon Footprint Reduction. By retrofitting buildings to LEED-EB standards the City can reduce its
COZ output from buildings by 25 percent.
Financial Considerations. Retrofitting buildings to the LEED-EB standard will typically be more
expensive than standard construction practices. However, many aspects of the retrofit will have
long term paybacks in energy savings that need to be figured into the total cost. For instance, a 25
percent reduction in overall building energy usage would result in an annual savings of
approximately $111,000. Administration of LEED certification is estimated to be only $1,200 per
building.
PBE-4. Create Sustainable Operations and Maintenance Manual for all Buildings
Description. The creation of a documented Operations and Maintenance manual (O&M) will
reduce the amount of energy consumed in all municipal buildings. Consulting LEED for existing
buildings (see recommendation PBE-2) could be used as a guideline for developing a maintenance
program. MSU has developed and currently uses a comprehensive O&M manual.
The O&M program should be implemented considering the following:
• A baseline energy usage measurement per building should be established as soon as
possible.
• The manual should be used in conjunction with monthly and annual reports for energy use
per building to both identify opportunities and measure the positive effects on energy
usage per building.
• The 0&M manual should be developed by documenting all current maintenance and
operations practices and committing to continually updating this manual for new facilities
and equipment.
• Set goals of reducing each City building to use at least. l5 percent less British thermal units
per square foot heating degree days (BTUs /SFHDD) of conditioned space.
Through energy usage tracking and prompt maintenance of buildings, the Bozeman School District
has reduced the amount of energy use in all of buildings from 12 to 19 BTUs / SFHDD to less than 7
BTUs /SFHDD, or around 50 percent.
It is realized that the City buildings are used year-round and have a greater total energy load
because of air conditioning in the summer. This must be considered when setting realistic goals for
energy usage reductions.
Carbon Footprint Reduction. A reduction of 15 percent BTUs /SFHDD-achievable using a
sustainable O&M manual-the City would reduce its COZ output by 484 tons of COZ annually.
Financial Considerations. The costs of writing the manual are relatively minimal. Energy savings will
offset some or all investments in maintenance.
14 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
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PBE-5. Create Employee Conservation and Education Programs
Description. Employee Conservation and Education Programs can help create more efficient
practices among City employees. Such programs can also introduce employees to innovative
efforts to reduce energy/resource consumption. This recommendation is intended to keep
conservation in the forefront of City employees' minds. The following could be included in such a
program:
• Ask City employees what ideas they have for reducing their own energy consumption at
work and implement their ideas.
• Offer incentives for reducing consumption or penalties for wasteful practices.
• Keep employees informed about ongoing City efforts to reduce its carbon footprint by
presenting results of energy monitoring and energy audits to all employees at regular
meetings.
• "The last one to leave turns off the lights ... and coffee maker ... and copier ...and air
conditioners ...and computers ...and power strips...and other phantom loads..."
• Promote healthy competition between divisions or occupants of different buildings to win
the race to a 15 percent reduction in energy consumption.
Carbon Footprint Reduction. According to ACC Environmental Consultants, "tenants control 70
percent of the energy used in office buildings." Significant reductions are possible simply by
ensuring that computers are turned off at night. Using 2006 emissions data, a S percent reduction
in energy usage would save 161 tons of COze.
Financial Considerations. In 2006, the city spent $444,346 on utility costs for buildings. A 5 percent
reduction in energy consumption would save approximately $22,000 a year. There is little, if any,
expense associated with this recommendation.
PBE-6. Purchase Green Tags
Description. Green Tags represent the environmental attributes associated with electricity
generated from renewable technologies like wind and solar energy. Each Green Tag represents the
greenhouse gas reduction from 1,000 kilowatt-hours of electricity generated by a new renewable
source. One of the "products" produced by renewable energy is the package of environmental
benefits resulting from avoided greenhouse gases. Purchasing Green Tags can be a viable tool for
the City of Bozeman in achieving the goal of reducing its carbon footprint.
Reducing energy usage is preferable to offsetting. However, offsetting is a valuable tool for
achieving carbon reduction goals.
Carbon Footprint Reduction. In our region of the country, the average emission per megawatt-hour
of electricity generated is approximately 1,107 Ibs of COz. This means one Green Tag would
represent the reduction of approximately 1,107 Ibs of COZ.
Financial Considerations. Investing in renewable energy is a large capital investment and initially
increases electricity generation costs relative to established fossil fuel facilities. The purchase of
Green Tags offsets this capital investment by helping existing renewable energy facilities expand,
thus making affordable renewable energy more widely available.
Green Tags are not a small investment. For example, offsetting 10 percent of the City of Bozeman's
entire annual carbon output from buildings [3,226 tons in 2006] would cost $12,000. However, the
benefits of green tags are twofold because they reduce our environmental impact and expand
1rJ, Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
I •
renewable energy capacity and associated technologies, which makes it more affordable in the long
term. In our region, Green Tags can be purchased from the Bonneville Environmental Foundation
www.GreenTagsUSA.org orthrough Northwestern Energy www.northwesternenergy.comand
these entities can be contacted for pricing information.
PBE-7. Convert to Daylight Janitorial Services
Description. Daylight cleaning can reduce the amount of energy consumed compared to night-time
operations. Day cleaning has been commonplace in hospitals for years and is becoming more and
more common in a variety of different private and municipal facilities.
Sampled companies and municipalities with varied operations like the City of Bozeman have
documented an up to 8 percent reduction in utility costs.
Some other positive effects of day cleaning are:
• Less janitorial turnover with less supervision.
• Safer, more secure facilities for cleaners and occupants.
• Better social and family situations forjanitorial staff.
Additional recommendations concerningjanitorialoperations:
• Use reduced or non-toxic cleaners.
• Use cleaners, materials, equipment, and practices that use less water.
• Implement a preferred purchasing program keeping the following sustainable questions in
mind:
o Toxicity concerns?
o Sustainable raw materials?
o Recycled content?
o Transportation requirements?
o Amount of packaging?
o End life disposal options?
Carbon Footprint Reduction. A conservative estimate of S percent reduction in energy usage would
save 161 tons of COze annually.
Financial Considerations. A 5 percent reduction in energy consumption would save approximately
$22,000 a year.
PBE-8. Create an Energy Fund
Description. It is important both on a political and community level that we draw attention to the
tangible financial benefits generated by energy usage reduction and equipment investment. An
energy fund allows this by placing the costs and benefits of the programs outlined in this document
on the same balance sheet. For example, a new $50,000 high-efficiency boiler using this fund is not
seen as just an expense, but rather as the investment necessary to produce the $20,000 of annual
savings (i.e., profit) the boiler creates. This venture-capital mindset helps encourage the City to
rigorously pursue the investments and upgrades that yield the greatest savings.
The energy fund should receive initial funding from two sources:
• Capital investments the City agrees to make under this plan.
1~ Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
• Savings resulting from the implementation of the recommendations inthis plan.
It is critical that energy savings accrue to the balance sheet of the energy fund and be made
available for further investment. PBE-1 could oversee these investments and the resulting savings.
Lessons can be learned from Ann Arbor Michigan which has a successful Energy Fund program in
place.
Benefits overview:
• Makes investment more politically palatable by framing the energy savings as profit
• Self-sustaining: makes additional investment the result of previous savings
• Encourages rigorous cost-benefit analysis to prioritize investments from a profit
perspective
Carbon Footprint Reduction. This energy fund will not save carbon by itself but will encourage the
City to pursue the highest "bang-for-the-buck" investments.
Financial Considerations. There is an initial capital cost associated with this recommendation, and a
great opportunity for greater profit realization from the investments made by the fund.
17 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
Chapter 4
Transportation and Land Use (TLU) Sub-Committee
Recommendations
Basis for Recommendations
The Transportation and Land Use (TLU) subcommittee was comprised of David Boggeman,
Patrick McGowen, Martin Knight, and Greg Pederson. The TLU developed recommendations based
on their own knowledge and based on those recommendations proposed by various experts who
met with the TLU subcommittee. Local experts that the TLU met with included Lisa Ballard
(Streamline Bus System), Jason Delmue (Bicycle Advisory Board), John Vandelinder (Streets
Superintendent), Brian LaMeres (City Controller), Ron Gompertz (EcoAuto), Dan Alexander (Story
Distributing), Ron Dingman (Park and Recreation Director), Chris Saunders (Assistant Planning
Director), and Stephen Johnson (Gallatin Valley Land Trust).
Basic Data
When considering the annual transportation impacts on greenhouse emissions, it is
convenient to consider the following relationships. Community green house gas emissions are a
function of the number of people, how much each person drives, and the carbon efficiency of their
vehicle.
GHG -Population * Miles _ Travelled ~ COz _ Equiv.
Person Mile
The carbon efficiency of their vehicle is a function of how much carbon is released per
gallon of fuel burned (alternative fuels may have lower impact), and the fuel efficiency of their
vehicle.
COz _Equi~
COZ _ Equiv. _ Gallon
Mile Miles
/Gallon
Although simplified, this equation emphasizes individual impact and changes that can be
made by personal choice such as reducing the miles travelled or by reducing the emissions per mile
(purchasing a more fuel efficient car, less impacting mode such as bike or transit, etc).
When data are not available for analyzing a specific alternative the following basic values
can be used.
18 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
• The National Personal Transportation Survey (NPTS) estimated that the vehicle miles
traveled was 8200 miles per person in 2001.
• From the same survey (NPTS) the average fuel efficiency for passenger cars in 2001 is 22.1
mpg and 17.6 for SUVs and pickups. If the vehicle mix is unknown one could use an
average of 20 miles per gallon.
• For regular unleaded gasoline the emissions are 21.4 pounds of COz per gallon.
• There are 2000 Ibs in one ton
From the above equations and basic values, the average person releases 4 tons of carbon
per year from driving (8200 * 21.4 / 20 / 2000).
Alternative Fuels
The two most viable alternative fuels currently are biodiesel and ethanol. Research
indicates the current production methods for ethanol result in only slight carbon savings over
gasoline. However, cellulose based ethanol production, a developing technology, is estimated to
produce about 1/10th the GHG of gasoline. If cellulose production technology becomes available,
the switch to ethanol-fueled vehicles should become a top priority for the City. In the interim, the
move to bio-fuel vehicles should still be implemented in order to realize the gains (though small)
currently available and be prepared to take full advantage of the huge gains when cellulose
production becomes available.. There is consensus in the literature that biodiesel does reduce GHG
emissions. Use of biodiesel should be a priority in the short and long term.
Magnitude of the Problem
From the CACP data the carbon emissions from the transportation related municipal
operations are shown in Table 4. Note that the annual increase is calculated assuming a constant
rate of increase.
Table 4. GHG from Transportation Related Municipal Operations
2000 tons equiv. C02 2006 tons equiv. C02 Annual Increase
Vehicle Fleet ._
1487
1,543
0.6%
Streetlights 326 564 9.6%
TLU Recommendations for Reducing the City's Carbon Footprint
The primary sources of transportation carbon emissions from municipal operations come
from street light/traffic signal operations and City-owned vehicle operations. Thus our
recommendations focus on these two areas, as follows.
1 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
TLU-1. Improve Traffic Signal Operations
Description. Traffic signals are installed at intersections with high traffic flows and or safety issues
The traffic flows are dramatically less during late evening /early morning hours. Many
municipalities change to a flashing operation during this time. Flashing operations gives a red
flashing light to the minor street, and a flashing yellow light to the major street.
Carbon Footprint Reduction. In 2006, the City of Bozeman used 234,000 kWh resulting in 128 tons
COZe emissions (note that the 564 tons COze in Table 4 represents traffic signals and street
lighting). Flashing operations use slightly more than half the energy of regular operations.
Assuming this operation would be for six hours per day, flashing operations would result in aone-
eighth reduction in total energy use and COZ emissions.
Financial Considerations. In addition to the carbon savings, the reduction in energy would save the
City approximately $2,340 per year (assuming 8 cents per kWh). The primary challenge is
pedestrian safety.
TLU-2. Consider Roundabouts
Description. A roundabout is an intersection alternative that can provide higher traffic flow than an
un-signaled intersection, yet in some cases can be a better option than a traffic signal. Under the
right circumstances and when properly designed roundabouts can be a safer alternative. Currently
roundabouts are often included as an option when considering improving an intersection. Carbon
impacts should also be included when intersection upgrade options (i.e., signal verses roundabout)
are considered.
Carbon Footprint Reduction. They do not require the electrical power a signal would. Currently
signals at a single intersection in Bozeman use approximately 5-10,000 kWh per year. This results
in several tons of COZe per year per intersection. There may be additional positive impact in vehicle
emissions since vehicles can move through a roundabout without coming to a complete stop except
under high traffic conditions.
Financial Considerations. Roundabouts do take more land area. They have generally proven to be
safer. They may not be appropriate for extremely high volume intersections.
TLU-3. Modify Vehicle Purchasing Policy
Description. The goal of this effort is to increase the fuel efficiency and/or use of alternative fuels
(primarily biodiesel) of the City vehicle fleet through purchasing of new vehicles. The following
changes should be implemented in the vehicle requisition and purchasing process:
If a department requests a vehicle that is not diesel or alternative fuel vehicle the
department must write a justification for the reason as part of the requisition.
When selecting the vehicle purchased based on the lowest bid, the estimate must include
the fuel costs for the first 100,000 miles of operation based on EPA mileage rating and
current fuel costs. There is precedence for this since the state vehicle procurement process
utilizes this method.
The vehicle purchased should be the smallest size needed for the job, including
consideration for bicycles.
Electric vehicles are becoming a more viable option for smaller vehicles being purchased.
Z® Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
Carbon Footprint Reduction. The current average fuel efficiency for City cars and small trucks
under three-quarter ton is estimated at 17 miles per gallon. The exact reduction is dependent on
how many vehicles are replaced, and actual fuel efficiency of new vehicles.
Financial Considerations. The financial impact should be minimal. If a department can show that
there is significantly higher cost for alternative fuel vehicles, the City can choose to waive this
requirement as described in the first bullet above. Considering fuel costs along with the purchase
price should result in a more economical choice over the life of the vehicle and actually reduce
spending.
TLU-4. Establish Vehicle Tracking Method for City Fleet
Description. The estimates in this report are based on limited data. There is no centralized
database of existing vehicles in the City fleet. This would not have a direct impact on carbon
emissions, but is necessary for tracking the success of these impacts. Additionally, understanding
the vehicle fleet could result in other ideas. The City should begin tracking fuel usage of all City
vehicles starting August 2008 in order to get more accurate data of fleet efficiency.
Carbon Footprint Reduction. Accurate tracking of vehicle fuel usage will provide better estimates
for future data on carbon emissions.
Financial Considerations. This measure would not add any additional costs to the City.
TLU-5. Increase City Average Fuel Efficiency Standard
Description. The vehicle tracking system will allow determination of baseline average fuel
efficiency by department. Departments should be encouraged to increase their average fleet fuel
efficiency. Each department should be encouraged to increase their average fuel efficiency
according to the schedule in Table 5. The exact incentive to encourage departments to meet these
goals is not specified. One possibility is to incorporate priority in approving vehicle requisitions
based on a departments meeting these goals.
Carbon Footprint Reduction. If this is followed, by 2020 it would result in an annual reduction in
carbon emissions of 4'16 tons of COz. Considering growth, this would have a net effect of 225 tons
of COZe, or 15 percent below year 2000 baseline.
Financial Considerations. Including fuel efficiency as part of purchasing policy will provide a return
on investment for future fuel usage.
Z1 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
•
Table 5. Fuel Efficiency Standard Goals
Tons Equiv. COZ
Year Increase in MPG No change With Change Net Impact
2000..... 0% 1487 1487 0
2006 0% (assumed) 1543 1543 +4%
2010 5 % 1580 1505 +1
2015 20 % 1628 1357 -9 %
2020 33% 1678 1262 -15
** assumes 0.6% growth per year in vehicle fleet based on 2000 to 2006 data
TLU-6. Create Transportation Demand Management Pilot Program
Description. This program does not impact City operations directly, but could have an impact on
City employee's personal choices about transportation to and from work. The program would
provide incentives for employees to use alternative modes to get to and from work. Alternative
modes could include carpooling, bicycling, walking, and public transit. Incentives could include such
things as gift certificates, or better parking spots (for carpoolers). Additionally, this would allow a
chance to pilot the program before implementing it on community scale.
Carbon Footprint Reduction. Again this would not have an impact on the carbon emissions from
municipal operations. The impact to the community would be dependent on the success of the
program. Each participant could result in one ton of carbon reduction annually.
Financial Considerations. The program would cost money to provide appropriate incentives.
However, with innovative incentives and donations, the cost could be cut considerably. For
example, local businesses could donate gift certificates that could be given to those employees who
use alternative modes. Increasing biking and walking modes of travel could have benefits to the
wellness of employees. These programs are typically implemented for congestion and parking
management, so these benefits would also be realized.
TLU-7. Anti-idling ordinance
Description: The city should be commended for instating an informal anti-idling policy and should
further its efforts by creating an official anti-idling policy for all City fleet vehicles unless it is
deemed unsafe.
Carbon Footprint Reduction: According to the EPA, anti-idling measures can help reduce air
pollution and wear-and-tear on engines.
Financial Considerations. Significant reductions in fuel costs are associated with anti-idling poilicies.
TLU-8. Green Bike Program
Description. Buy two bicycles per building for employees use. Encouraging the use of bicycles for
in town use can help avoid employee emissions and also increase healthy activity.
ZZ Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
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Carbon Footprint Reduction. 3 tons of COze could be reduced per year if 10 employees used the
Green Bike program to travel 2 miles once a day. (20 miles x 260 days= 5200 miles, 5200 miles
/20MPG= 260 Gallons, 260 gallons= 3 tons of COZe)
Financial Considerations: There are upfront and maintenance costs associated with this program. A
potential savings of $910/year (if gas prices remain constant) is associated with fuel usage avoided
by biking.
TLU-9. Fund LED Program
Description. Light Emitting Diodes (LED) use 10-20 percent of the energy used by incandescent light
bulbs. The City has started converting all of its traffic signals to LED's and should be commended for
its efforts. Continued funding should support expanding this effort to changing the City's street
lighting to LED's.
Carbon Footprint Reduction. A significant carbon reduction is associated with this
recommendation.
Financial Considerations. The true savings from LEDs are found not only in the amount of money
saved on electricity, but also money saved on labor and the cost of replacement over time. Labor
and replacement cost is substantial when you are looking at a large building with many lights. If you
use LEDs, maintenance costs will be much less than if you used traditional incandescent bulbs. The
other major variable. in savings is the amount of power used compared to the power used for an
incandescent bulb. LEDs use only 10-20% of the electricity used by incandescent bulbs. As you can
see, LEDs save much more money and energy in the long run. (D:\LED traffic light FAQ - Appropedia
The sustainability wiki.htm)
TLU-10. Streamline Funding
Description. Streamline transit service began in August 2006. Operation of the Streamline buses
results in carbon emissions, and a single bus is much less fuel efficient than a passenger car. Yet
one bus with 20 passengers is far more carbon efficient than 20 passenger cars. The CAP
encourages continued, and if possible increased Streamline funding. The net carbon impact of
additional funding for Streamline, however, will likely not provide as significant a reduction in CO2
emissions as other recommendations. Additional Streamline funding, purely for carbon reduction
purposes, should be a lower priority.
Carbon Reduction. Based on data collected by the TLU a very rough estimate of the current
Streamline operation saves approximately 20 tons of CO2 per year in reduced community vehicle
travel. This same data shows Streamline operating at about 1/4`h its capacity (although some lines
on some days are nearly at capacity). Each new citizen that rides Streamline under current
operations is a net carbon savings. One can assume that increase funding for streamline would
result in increased service which would result in increased ridership similar to current operations.
Financial Considerations: The city currently provides $33,000 a year to fund the Streamline bus
system. To increase ridership and routes, funding should. be increased as soon as possible, but no
later than, fiscal year 2009. This figure should be arrived upon through discussion with the
Transportation board, city officials, and Streamline representatives and approved by the City
commission.
23 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
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Chapter 5
Waste, Water ~t Recycling Sub-Committee Recommendations
Basis for Recommendation
The Waste, Water & Recycling subcommittee (WWR) was comprised of Scott Bischke, Molly
Cross, Mark Johnson, and Collin Moore. The WWR developed recommendations based on the
baseline emissions inventory, their own knowledge, interactions with citizens in the community,
and recommendations proposed by various experts during committee meetings. Local experts that
the WWR met with included Paul Layton (Water Reclamation Facility Assistant Superintendent),
Dan Harmon (HDR/Morrison Maierle Engineering), Mitch Mihalovich (National Center for
Appropriate Technology), Dave Ryan (Northwestern Energy), Marc Gaines (City employee), Herb
Bartle (City employee), Steven Johnson (Solid Waste Superintendent for the City of Bozeman), Rick
Moroney (Water Treatment Plant Superintendant for the City of Bozeman), Rick Hixson (City
engineer), Brian Heaston (City Water Conservation Manager).
Basic Data
An initial energy usage inventory associated with the City's energy usage was completed by
Hattie Baker, Sustainability Coordinator for the Mayors' Climate Protection Agreement. Non-
transportation energy usage was tabulated by data collection from all City accounts with North
Western Energy, City supplier of both electricity and natural gas (Table 6).
Table 6. Energy use and resulting COZe output from City wastewater and solid waste operations.
Energy 2000 2006
Electricity(kWh) 3,310,671 4,186,384
Natural Gas (Dkt) 4,248 5,870
Tons of COZe 1958 2652
~~, Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
•
•
•
•
i
~ WWR Recommendations: Incoming Water Treatment
• Basis for recommendation
On February 21st, 2008, the Waste Water and Recycling subcommittee met with Rick
• Hixson, Rick Moroney, and Brian Heaston of the City Engineering office. The meeting focused on
potential changes to the City's incoming water supply and treatment system that would help
decrease Bozeman's municipal carbon footprint.
Current operation overview
Bozeman citizens currently receive their water supply from two incoming water treatment
plants: one on Sourdough Creek as it emerges from the Gallatin Range south of town, one on
Lyman Creek as it comes out of the Bridger Range north of town. The Sourdough plant is the City's
primary source of water. It is fed by Sourdough Creek, as well as a large pipe that runs across the
front of the Gallatin Range from Hyalite Creek several miles and several drainages west of
Sourdough Creek. Hyalite Creek is supplied by Hyalite Reservoir, ^'ten miles up the Hyalite Creek
drainage above the water outtake pipe for the Sourdough plant. Water runs from the outtake
facilities to the Sourdough Treatment Plant via gravity.
Based on those discussions, the Task Force developed a list of five recommendations for
the City to undertake with respect to reducing the carbon footprint of its incoming water treatment
facilities. A rigorous calculation of cost per pound of COZ reduced was beyond the scope of the
Task Force. We do, however, provide our best guess at the order of preference for carrying out
these recommendations based on our perception of greatest carbon footprint reduction per dollar
of taxpayer expenditure.
• WWR-1. Install an Electricity-producing Turbine for the Sourdough Creek Plant
Description. Several hundred feet of head (vertical distance) are available between the Hyalite
Creek outtake and the Sourdough Creek Treatment Plant. Given this untapped hydraulic pressure
^'
^'
and the high volumetric flow rates (
4M gal/day in the winter,
13M gal/day in the summer),
• potential exists for creating a water treatment plant that is fully (or at least partially) self-sustaining
• from an energy usage standpoint.
Carbon footprint reduction. In 2006, the Water Treatment Plant currently used 364,166 kWh of
electricity and 4058 Dkt of natural gas, and emitted 450 tons of CO2e. Energy derived from the
turbine will emit no carbon (beyond turbine manufacture and transport to point of installation).
Additionally, the electrical energy produced will directly replace current electricity usage, which is
generated by coal combustion.
Financial considerations. The Water Treatment Plant spent $73,560 in utility costs for 2006. A
breakeven point for turbine purchase will be most strongly determined by four items: (a) cost per
• kWh that the City is paying for electricity, which is expected to go up; (b) cost of purchase and
installation of the turbine (note that a preliminary study is available from the City engineer); (c)
final design-and hence overall power needs-of the upcoming expansion of the Sourdough plant,
to be completed in 2013; and (d) possible future charges for carbon emissions (rate is unknown,
• though current carbon markets in Europe have hovered in the $20-40/metric ton COZ).
WWR-2. Enforce LEED Building Standards for the. Sourdough Treatment Plant Expansion
Description. Design goals for the expansion of the Sourdough Treatment plant, slated for
completion in 2013, should follow LEED standards. Given the current treatment plant has little or
2r, Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
•i
no insulation, a large carbon footprint reduction opportunity exists. Additional design goals should
include energy efficient operation of chemical processes (e.g., microfiltration, chlorination,
fluoridation), which might include such items as replacing inefficient pumps, stirrers, and motors.
Note that this recommendation is a specific implementation of PBE-3.
Carbon footprint reduction. LEED design principles specifically (among many areas) address
minimizing energy usage and thus will drive carbon footprint reduction.
Financial considerations. Cost for LEED certification is unknown, though from a carbon footprint
reduction standpoint the Task Force recommends that energy-associated LEED (or similar)
principles be followed, not that LEED certification be sought. Currently energy usage (electricity
and gas heating) at the Sourdough Plant costs $73,560/yr. Task Force calculations provide an
estimate that the Sourdough Plant emits 437 tons of COz/yr. Carbon footprint reduction for the
electrical portion of energy usage will be addressed by the recommended new turbine power (see
#1); the natural gas load will be reduced by the redesign of the new Sourdough Plant.
WWR-3. Stop the Purchase of Bottled water with City of Bozeman Taxpayer Funds
Description. Declare official City policy to be that no bottled water can be purchased with City of
Bozeman taxpayer funds. The consumption of bottled water causes millions of pounds of COz
emissions each year. Additionally, plastic bottles associated with bottled water have become a
large volume waste stream. The Task Force recognizes that the recommended action will have real
consequences for carbon footprint reduction, plus be a symbolic statement to Bozeman citizens (a)
about the environmental issues associated with drinking bottled water, and (b) that the water
supplied through the City's water plants is of exceptional quality. The Task Force recognizes the
potential need for exceptions in times of emergency when bottled water could be the most
convenient method of water distribution.
Carbon Footprint Reduction. The consumption of bottled water causes millions of pounds of COz
emissions each year due to energy consumption in plastic bottle creation and in long distance
shipping of a locally available resource (of, almost certainly, superior quality to what can be
purchased). By stopping the purchase of bottled water with City funds, the City will no longer be
participating in the COz emissions associated with this inefficient use of resources.
Financial Considerations. This change will provide a net savings if City employees are required to
drink City-produced water.
WWR-4. Install a turbine for electrical generation at the City's Lyman Water Treatment Plant
Description. Following the installation and beginning operation of the Hyalite/Sourdough turbine,
budget funds for the study of a similar turbine to be placed into operation at the Lyman plant.
Successful carbon footprint reduction may additionally be available at the City's smaller Lyman
plant. The Task Force recommends basing the decision for installation of a turbine at the Lyman
Plant on the successful operation of the Hyalite/Sourdough turbine.
Carbon Footprint Reduction. In 2006, Lyman Creek reservoir used 84,817 kWh and emitted 46 tons
of CO2e. A carbon footprint reduction could again be possible based on capturing energy from the
head of water available leading to the Lyman plant.
Financial Consideration. The Lyman Creek Plan paid $8,100 in utility costs. Project financial viability
will be driven by the same metrics listed under WWR-1. The break-even point should be readily
Zf? Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
calculated based on performance (energy production performance, low maintenance and down
• time) of the Hyalite/Sourdough turbine.
WWR-S. Set Goals for Water Conservation, then Measure, Monitor, Verify and Act on these Goals
• Description. Declare water conservation a Commission goal and request quarterly reports from the
City engineer on water usage per capita. With the aid of the City Engineering department, set firm
goals for water usage, beginning with City facilities and grounds (e.g., parks). The Task Force
• recognizes that in our dry western climate, water quality and quantity have a huge influence on
• development, lifestyle, and quality of life. The Task Force recommends that the City Commission
support such water conservation programs such as low water use landscaping and incentives for
high volume toilet replacement.
Carbon footprint reduction. Water conservation leads to decreased carbon footprint through
. reduced need for (a) future incoming water treatment plant capacity and (b) future waste water
• treatment plant capacity (and coincident energy usage at both).
• Financial Considerations. Similarly, water conservation leads to decreased use of taxpayer funds
• through reduced need for (a) future incoming water treatment plant capacity and (b) future waste
water treatment plant capacity.
WWR Recommendations: Solid Waste and Recycling
• Basis for recommendations
• The following recommendations result in part from multiple meetings by the Waste Water
and Recycling subcommittee with City staff. Those meetings include Solid Waste Superintendant
'
Steve Johnson
s (a) recycling presentation to the City Commissioners in January 2008 (with follow-
upquestions from the subcommittee via e-mail), and (b) a presentation to a Citizens Concerned for
Climate Change meeting in September 2007. We also received information on landfill methane
• recapture options from the U.S. EPA's Landfill Methane Outreach Program and discussed them with
Steve Johnson and City Engineer Dustin Johnson.
Current operation overview
The Bozeman. City landfill (Story Mill landfill) is closing in June 2008. At that time all solid
waste will be diverted to the Gallatin County landfill at Logan. City dump truck and recycling truck
• operations will continue to be housed at Story Mill landfill, and there will be an expansion of
'
administrative offices associated with solid waste at the Story Mill site. Even though the City
s
Story Mill landfill will be closed, the site will continue to produce methane far into the future,
• leading to opportunities for carbon footprint reduction.
WWR-6. Support Solid Waste Recycling in Municipal Buildings, at Municipal Facilities, and in public
w spaces
Description. Immediately follow through on the plan to support solid waste recycling in municipal
buildings and at municipal facilities, and expand that plan to include facilitating recycling and
• composting during all events held in public spaces. Bozeman has approved a municipal recycling
program, but not all City offices and building are equipped and participating. We recommend that
the City take immediate steps to ensure that all municipal facilities have the necessary collection
bins and other infrastructure to facilitate recycling. Further, we recommend that City employees
~7 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
r~
be educated about the City recycling program and be encouraged to recycle. Materials to be
collected should be at a minimum cardboard, aluminum, newspapers, mixed paper/magazine, and
plastic bottles. The City should also adopt practices for events that occur in public places to foster
recycling and composting of waste.
Carbon footprint reduction. Globally, recycling decreases carbon footprint by capturing embodied
energy in an object (for example, recycling an aluminum can eliminates mining bauxite as the first
step in creating a new can). Locally recycling reduces the volume of solid waste, thereby reducing
the number of ^'60 mile round trips to Logan landfill and thus the carbon emissions related to solid
waste transportation.
Financial Considerations. The Task Force believes that the City's recycling program will be, at a
minimum, cost neutral depending on the volume of materials recycled and current markets for
recyclable materials. Mandatory recycling will avoid certain materials from being included in the
waste stream. Thus, a potential for reducing waste and costs of tipping fees would be probable.
Existine Measures. The City started recycling cardboard and office paper in 2005. In 2006, the City
avoided dumping 12 tons of office paper and 15 tons of cardboard in the landfill. This reduced the
City's carbon footprint by 40 tons of COze and 30 tons of COZe, respectively.
WWR-7. Explore Grant and Other Opportunities for Waste Glass Recycling/Reuse
Description. For the citizens of Bozeman, glass is a highly visible part of the waste stream that most
people recognize as recyclable throughout the US. As part of its municipal operations, the Task
Force recommends that the City begin now to explore funding opportunities for a glass grinding
machine that would allows for reuse of waste glass as a sand adjunct in local roadway construction.
Separately, a discussion should be undertaken with local vendors regarding the possibility of
grinding glass at facilities outside the City's Solid Waste Department. We recommend that the City
talk with Allied Waste Systems and TMC Sand and Gravel who recently ground toilets into gravel for
use as road bed material during the Great Gallatin Toilet Tradeout program.
Carbon footprint reduction. The Task Force is not aware of any large scale, local program to wash
and reuse glass containers. Currently the closest point of recycle for Bozeman glass is Spokane,
Washington. It is not economically nor carbon-wise to ship trucks filled with heavy glass to the
Pacific Northwest for recycle. A glass grinding program would help reduce the need for sand and
gravel extraction and transportation, thus helping reduce the carbon footprint associated with new
road building in the Gallatin Valley. This carbon reduction should be traded off against the power
required to run the glass grinder before proceeding with the project.
Financial considerations. A combination of cheap competing material (i.e., locally mined sand) and
high cost of the grinder make purchase of a glass grinder financially difficult. Thus the Task Force
believes that either (a) procuring a federal grant for purchase of a grinding machine or (b)
partnering with private industry may be the only current realistic opportunities to return glass
recycling to Bozeman.
WWR-8. Convert 100 percent of the City Fleet of Solid Waste Collection Vehicles to the Use of
Non-fossil Fuels
Description. Convertor replace 100 percent of the fleet of City-owned solid waste collection
vehicles to the use of non-fossil fuels. Biofuels selected should be derived from Montana sources if
at all possible. By 1 January 2014 the Task Force recommends that 100 percent of all City-owned
solid waste collection vehicles be powered by alternatives to fossil fuels. Given a most likely
Zr8 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
w
• scenario of the continued us of diesel fuel, the Task Force further recommends a minimum of 620
• biodiesel be employed, or whatever the maximum biodiesel blend available during any year.
Finally, the Task Force wants to be clear that its goal focuses on the use of non-fossil fuels not
• simply on the conversion of vehicles (i.e., that might be biofuel compliant but continue to use
regular fossil fuels). Note that this recommendation is closely related to TLU-3 and 5.
Carbon footprint reduction. Solid Waste collection and disposal operations emitted 444 tons of
• COze in 2006. By converting to Montana based biofuels (likely biodiesel), the City will reduce its
• carbon footprint in two major ways: (1) Transportation associated with fuel shipment to Bozeman
will be reduced dramatically over petroleum-based products. (2) Biofuels reduce dependence on
fossil fuels and cycles carbon currently in the terrestrial carbon cycle. In contrast, fossil fuel
• extraction releases stable sub-surface carbon that would otherwise remain sequestered
• underground. Thus biofuels are carbon neutral as the plants from which they are produced can be
grown again while fossil fuels pull ancient carbon from the ground non-sustainably, at least relative
to any time-frame meaningful to current climate change concerns
Financial Considerations. The City spent $45,823 in fuel costs for Solid Waste operations. Relative
market value of petroleum-based diesel and biodiesel will determine the payback on the fleet
~ conversion.
Existing Measures. The City currently has a biodiesel tank and used 10,000 gallons of biodiesel in
2007 which avoided 24 tons of COze from being emitted into the atmosphere. Roughly 50 percent
of the City's trucks already run on biodiesel.
WWR-9. Produce an On-line Monthly Report of Municipal Recycling Activities
Description. Beginning January 2009, produce a monthly report of municipal recycling operations
that can be accessed online by City employees and Bozeman citizens alike. The report should
include data on the pounds of recycling separated by type. The monthly report can be used to
monitor and drive municipal recycling rates and goals, educate the public and City employees on
recycling progress at municipal facilities, and provide a foundation for building a similar reporting
infrastructure for reporting of community-wide recycling efforts.
Carbon Footprint Reduction. The report alone would not reduce carbon footprint but would act as
an on-going highlight to performance of carbon footprint reduction efforts, thereby helping the City
modify its activities as needed.
Financial Considerations. The Solid Waste division should produce reports for the effort defined in
PBE-1.
WWR-10. Develop/continue a Program for Solid Waste Co-use and Resale Opportunities, Including
Compost
Description. Develop/continue a program for solid waste co-use and resale opportunities, including
composting and resale of organic materials. The Task Force recommends that the City begin a
program focused on treating segment of the solid waste stream as reusable resource rather than as
waste. The Task Force recognizes that some of this work is underway-for example combustibles
are now regularly separated and sold as hog fuel. However, we believe further opportunities exist,
such as the sale to citizens of compost derived from City landscaping and mowing operations. The
Task Force recommends that the potential for composting facilities at the Mandeville farm be
explored. Similarly we recommend that any and all materials segregated for exchange be
Z9 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
•I
publicized on a regularly updated website called the "Bozeman Landfill Exchange" that citizens can
access in their search for materials.
Carbon footprint reduction. Leaving some materials (for example wooden pallets) in the landfill
might be considered a form of carbon sequestration, at least for many years. The Task Force,
however, believes that a true life cycle analysis would show that reuse of almost any collected
material will result in a net carbon decrease due to capturing the embodied energy in a material for
a new use, and because a new material for that use will not have to be produced and transported
to Bozeman. Also, creation of a composting facility would result in a great carbon footprint
reduction-organic materials make up a great percentage of landfill (25 percent by one estimate;
for the City this would include mowing and similar waste from City parks), that would no longer
need to be trucked ^'60 miles round trip to the County Landfill.
Financial considerations. Money must be budgeted to provide for materials segregation, and for
website posting for citizen review of materials available at the Bozeman Landfill Exchange.
WWR-11. Capture and Use Methane Gas Coming Off the Story Mill Landfill Site
Description. The soon-to-be-closed Story Mill landfill site generates considerable methane (CH4)
from rotting organic material. This methane production will continue, even after landfill closure.
The Task Force recommends that the City capture this gas and use it for heating or electrical
generation.
Carbon footprint reduction. Methane has a global warming potential 21 times as great as COZ. By
capturing the methane the City will eliminate a potent global warming gas that is currently being
vented directly to the atmosphere. By using the methane a heat source or for electrical generation
in micro-turbines, the City will additionally eliminate the need to buy methane (i.e. natural gas) for
these operations, or similarly electricity generated by coal-fired power plants.
Financial considerations. Several financial studies have been undertaken by the U.S. EPA's Landfill
Methane Outreach Program. These options, including capture of the methane for resale, for
heating or powering the new landfill administrative building should be strongly reviewed for
payback viability. If viability is not proven, the Task Force recommends that the City review
methane capture once yearly as increasing energy prices are likely to make the program financially
viable in the near future.
WWR Recommendations: Water Reclamation Facility
Basis for Recommendations
In November 2007, the Waste Water and Recycling subcommittee met with Mitch
Mihailovich (Northwestern Energy (NWE) E+ Efficiency Contractor), Dave Ryan (Energy
Conservation Program, National Center for Appropriate Technology (NCAT)), Dan Harmon
(HDR/Morrison Mairle Engineering consultant), Paul Layton (Water Reclamation Facility Assistant
Superintendent), Marc Gaines (City employee), and Herb Bartle (City employee). Each party's main
goals were identified: Water Reclamation Facility (WRF)-increase capacity with new technology;
NWE/NCAT-reduce gas and electrical energy usage; WWR-reduce carbon footprint. The meeting
focused on potential changes to the City's WRF that would help decrease Bozeman's Municipal
carbon footprint while also satisfying the other identified goals.
3® Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June, 2008
n
~~
Current Operation Overview
All waste water from the City of Bozeman is treated at a single Water Reclamation Facility
• (WRF) on the northern edge of the City. The current facility treats an average of 5.8 MGD (million
• gallons per day), but the WRF is in the process of upgrading its capacity to an average of 8.5 MGD.
Included in the first phase of the upgrade plan are several advanced treatment technologies and
improved energy efficiency measures that will serve to increase the WRF's overall energy efficiency
• (i.e., energy per gallon of waste treated). The design for the first phase of WRF upgrades will be
• completed in March/April 2008, and the job will be advertised for bids around August 2008. The
first phase of the planned upgrade to the Bozeman WRF is expected to be completed in October
2011.
Based on the November 2007 discussion and a site visit to the WRF, the Task Force
developed a list of three recommendations for the City to undertake with respect to reducing the
• carbon footprint of its waste water treatment plant. Some of the recommendations have been
• translated into a calculation of cost per pound COz reduced by HDR/Morrison Maierle Engineering,
although for some recommendations we can only roughly estimate the cost-benefit calculation.
Some of the recommendations are already included in the budget for the first phase of the WRF
• upgrade plan, some recommendations represent unfunded upgrades included in the first phase of
the WRF upgrade plan, and some recommendations go beyond the first phase of the WRF upgrade
plan.
The ability of these recommendations to decrease absolute COZe emissions is dampened by
the increase in emissions that will result from increased waste water generation from a growing
• population. Recommendation 12 is the main option that has great potential to decrease absolute
• emissions from the WRF. Recommendations 13 and 14 will decrease the amount of COZe produced
per gallon of waste water treated, but given the planned WRF capacity expansion absolute amount
of COze produced relative to 2000 are expected to increase.
• WWR-12. Install aMicro-turbine Power Generation System for Methane Capture and Use
• Description. Amicro-turbine system would allow the WRF to turn biogas waste from the anaerobic
• digesters (75 percent of which would otherwise be flared) into power that can be used by the WRF
to heat, cool, and light its buildings. At this time, there is insufficient biogas production to operate
the smallest available micro-turbine (approximately 230 kW). Therefore, the micro-turbine
• operation would need to be augmented by natural gas until approximately 2020. To reduce the
• need for supplemental natural gas and maximize the utility of the micro-turbines, the anaerobic
"
"
digesters could be turned into
cash cows
by accepting high strength waste directly into the
digesters. The higher levels of biogas produced from this high strength waste would off-set the
• need for added natural gas, and increase the cost effectiveness of the micro-turbines. High
• strength waste streams in Bozeman that could be directly fed into the digesters include waste from
'
the Darigold Milk Plant, and the grease traps at Montana State University
s cafeteria and other food
facilities. A receiving facility would need to be built to accommodate the extra inputs, adding to the
• cost of this option, but the potential for power generation would be significant. Also, with high
• strength waste being directly input into digesters, the efficiency of the current system that treats all
influent prior to the digesters would be increased (using less energy in the absence of the high
strength waste). Additional analyses would need to be done to determine how much of the WRF's
• power needs could be met by directly feeding the anaerobic digesters with high strength waste.
Carbon footprint. Installing amicro-turbine would have a significant impact on reducing the
• Municipal carbon footprint by turning waste into energy. According to HDR/Morrison Mairle
31 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
Engineering, we can reasonably estimate that the micro-turbine would lead to a reduction of 225 -
250 kW of electrical load at the WRF. A more accurate estimate of the carbon footprint reduction
for the micro-turbine will only be possible once they know the efficiency of the micro-turbine
machine they would like to install (research into which machine will be best is still on-going). It will
also depend on whether the Darigold Milk Plant will be included in the high strength waste
collection program. Given the fact that increasing demand on the WRF due to a growing population
in Bozeman will result in an absolute increase in COZeq emissions from the WRF, amicro-turbine
linked to a digester that accepts high strength waste is the only way to reduce the absolute amount
of emissions produced by operations at the WRF. Although there is a high cost to installing amicro-
turbine (see below), the Task Force recommends that the City seek funding to support the
installment ofsuch amicro-turbine as a means of significantly reducing the Municipal carbon
footprint.
Financial Considerations. A ^'230kW micro-turbine would cost approximately $1.8 million, so the
Task Force recommends that the City seek financial assistance from the electrical utility
(Northwestern Energy) to balance out the costs of purchasing and operating amicro-turbine.
WWR-13. Secure Funding for Currently Unfunded Upgrades in Phase I of the WRF Upgrade Plan
Description. Funding should be secured for upgrades that are part of the WRF's first phase, but for
which there are currently insufficient funds. The WRF design team has proposed to replace the
existing conventional blowers with new blowers with 40 percent greater efficiency. Also, funds for
extending waste biogas use as an energy source for heating and cooling all new or existing buildings
(not just some) if at all practical should be secured.
Carbon footprint reduction. It is unknown how much the carbon footprint would be reduced by
heating and cooling all existing and new WRF buildings using waste biogas_ A preliminary analysis
by HDR/Morrison Mairle suggests that replacing the existing blowers with high efficiency blowers
would reduce the WRF carbon footprint by roughly 1,000 tons CO2/year, relative to a facility with
expanded capacity that has less efficient blowers. It is important to note that the absolute carbon
footprint of the WRF will increase relative to the existing (2008) facility due to a growing population
in Bozeman, no matter whether conventional or more efficient approaches are employed.
Therefore, the Task Force strongly recommends that the City adopt the most efficient proposed
upgrades to minimize emissions from the WRF, and consider the installment of amicro-turbine as
mentioned in Recommendation WWR-12 to reduce absolute carbon emissions.
Financial Considerations. The Task Force strongly recommends that the City find sufficient funds to
supply the necessary WRF upgrades. Financial assistance through NWE, including the motor rebate
program, should be pursued. These upgrades are critical to minimize global warming gas output,
plus protect the Gallatin River and the air quality of the Gallatin Valley.
WWR-14. Commend the City for Increases in Energy Efficiency Planned in Phase I of WRF Upgrade
Plan
Description. The City should be commended for increases in energy efficiency already budgeted for
in the first phase of the WRF upgrade plan. Several of the proposed upgrades will increase the
efficiency of the operation in terms of the number of gallons of water treated per ton of COz
emitted. These include: (1) a requirement that new and replacement motors be of "premium"
efficiency (92 percent) rather than "standard efficiency (88 percent); (2) the inclusion of an
improved dewatering facility that will reduce the amount of biosolids hauled to land application
sites; (3) new administration/laboratory buildings will have improved energy performance by
3i2 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
following the LEED initiatives for a silver rating; and (4) waste biogas from the anaerobic digester
will be reused to heat and cool several of the facility's existing buildings.
Carbon footprint reduction. A preliminary analysis by HDR/Morrison Mairle suggests that: (1)
requiring new process equipment to be of premium efficiency rather than standard efficiency will
lead to a decrease of roughly 75 tons COZ/year; (2) including an improved dewatering facility will
reduce the amount of biosolids transported to land application sites which will lead to a decrease
of roughly 10 tons COZ/year; and (3) using waste biogas to heat the new administration and
laboratory buildings will lead to a decrease of roughly 57 tons COZ/year, relative to a facility with
expanded capacity that uses less efficient upgrade technologies. It is important to note that the
absolute carbon footprint of the WRF will increase relative to the existing facility due to a growing
population in Bozeman, no matter whether conventional or more efficient approaches are
employed. Therefore, the Task Force strongly recommends that the City adopt the most efficient
proposed upgrades to minimize emissions from the WRF, and consider the installment of a micro-
turbine as mentioned in Recommendation WWR-12 to reduce absolute carbon emissions.
Financial considerations. The City has already budgeted for the changes described and the work to
accomplish these goals is in progress or completed.
33 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
I
Chapter 6
Education and Outreach
Basis for Recommendation
Awareness is essential to the success of Climate Protection in Bozeman. The Task Force
proposes several outreach events as part of the City budget and ongoing efforts to keep the public
informed.
EDU-1. Create and Adopt Community Action Plan
Description. The recommendations in the municipal CAP are only a first step in reducing the
community's carbon footprint. The Municipal CAP is a leadership tool for the community and is
intended to help guide future carbon reduction strategies. To make a significant reduction in
Bozeman greenhouse gas emissions a Community Climate Action Plan must be adopted. The City
should appoint a Community Climate Protection Task Force from a list of stakeholders created by
CPTF no later than six months from adoption of the Municipal CAP and complete a Community
Climate Action Plan no later than 18 months from adoption of Municipal CAP. A facilitator will be
required to assist the current Climate Protection Coordinator to complete the Community CAP. We
believe that the current Climate Protection Coordinator position does not have sufficient hours to
lead the Community CAP, unless the position is re-scoped. A consultant or graduate student intern
could also be considered to lead the Community CAP.
EDU-2. Participate in National Conversation on Climate Action
Description. The first annual National Conversation on Climate Action was held in Bozeman on
October 4`h, 2007. Seventy cities around the country held national conversations at the same time.
One hundred people from the community attended the conversation and speakers in the
community discussed ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The purpose of the event was to
engage citizens to find ways they can take action in reducing emissions in Bozeman. It is
recommended that Bozeman participate in similar events in the future.
EDU-3. Participate in Gallatin Earth Celebration
Description. Building on the successful work of the Bozeman Beautification Board's Clean-up Day,
the first annual Gallatin Earth Celebration brings together the community to clean up our
neighborhoods, learn what the City is doing to confront climate change, and enjoy a picnic, music,
34 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
and vendor exhibits related to green products or services. The City should budget appropriately
every year for the Gallatin Earth Celebration held the weekend after Earth Day.
EDU-4. Create an Office of Sustainability
Description. The city should investigate opportunities for creating an Office of Sustainability and
hiring afull-time Sustainability Director to lead the efforts of the Climate Action Plan. The
Sustainability Director should work under the office of the City Manager and provide information to
the various departments on climate reduction strategies. The Office of Sustainability is responsible
for monitoring the success of the Climate Action Plan, outreach and education in the community,
and implementing the Community/Municipal Climate Acton Plan. The position can be justified
through the energy savings achieved from emissions reduction policies enacted.
EDU-5. Create a Tree Planting Program
Description. The Task Force commends the current tree planting program and supports continued
outreach for tree planting programs. The tree planting would be done with a goal of promoting the
importance of trees in removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This effort could take place
on Gallatin Earth Celebration Day, Arbor Day, Earth Day, or a day selected by the City Forester as
optimal for tree planting. We envision this program growing to include Community involvement in
the Community CAP.
EDU-6. Create k-12 Education Program
Description. The Sustainability Director should be responsible for coordinating with the Bozeman
Public School System and Montana State University to create k-12 student education programs to
teach students concepts such as the importance and methods of recycling; the value of alternative
modes of transport (walk, bike, bus); and simplified concepts about global warming;
EDU-7. Create an Adaptation Plan
Description. The consensus among climate experts is that climate change is happening now and is
likely to increase. Average global surface temperatures rose 1.1 degrees Fahrenheit during the 20th
century. Northwest winters have warmed 2.7 degrees since 1950, in part because of cycles in ocean
conditions. Global sea levels have risen around four to eight inches. Even if the world was to stop
burning fossil fuels tomorrow, existing levels of atmospheric COz would continue to contribute to
warming temperatures, melting sea ice, disappearing glaciers and the myriad other climate changes
and impacts already being observed. Our approach is that we can and must reduce our levels of
climate pollution to slow the rate of climate change. But we must also plan for and adapt to the
climate change that is inevitable here in the Northwest. The City should create an adaptation plan
to deal with the impacts due to already occurring climate change.
35 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008.
Chapter 7
Implementation
The Task Force recognizes that with the current level of information on City operations it is
not in the position to declare an implementation plan, nor define for the City which of its
recommendations should be implemented first or second, done in parallel, etc. However, we do
feel strongly, that the City must have tangible milestones to achieve the desired goal of reducing
municipal greenhouse gas emissions 15 percent below 2000 levels by 2020 as the City's reduction
goal.
IMP-1. Adapt Milestones for Reducing Bowman's COZe Footprint
Description. The Task Force recommends that the City adapt a yearly inventory of its greenhouse
gas emissions, measured as COZe to begin no later than January 2010. The City should seek to
achieve a yearly milestone of COze emissions that meet, at a minimum, a linear decrease from 2006
levels to desired 2020 level (Figure SError! Reference source not found.). In other words, the City's
goal is to reduce municipal greenhouse gas emissions 15 percent below 2000 levels by 2020.
However, given that our most recent data is 2006, the Task Force recommends a Linear decrease
from 2006 levels to 2020 levels.
Given the adaption of the Energy Fund (PBE-8), we further recommend that this yearly measure be
used to determine financial input (i.e., budgeting) to the Energy Fund. More funds will be budgeted
to the fund for the subsequent year if the year under review did not meet its COZe emission
milestone.
36 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
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Acknowledgements
Many thanks to all who helped in developing and writing Bowman's Municipal Climate
Action Plan. It was a collaborative effort, which makes it all the more likely to succeed!
Bowman's Climate Protection Task
Force
Scott Bischke, Co-chair
Otto Pohl, Co-chair
Peter Belschwender
David Boggeman
Steve Bruner
Molly Cross
Mark Johnson
Martin Knight
Mel Kotur
Matthew Madden
Pat McGowen
Collin Moore
Greg Pederson
Lea Warden, recording secretary
city staff
Hattie Baker, Sustainability Coordinator
John Vandelinder, Street Superintendant
Debbie Arkell, Public Works Director
Ron Dingman, Parks and Recreation Director
Andy Epple, Planning Director
James Goehrung, Facilities Superintendant
Brian Heaston, Water Conservation Manager
Rick Hixson, Engineer
Steve Johnson, Solid Waste Superintendant
Brian LaMeres, Controller
Paul Layton, WRF Assistant Superintendant
Alice Meister, Library Director
Rick Moroney, WTP Superintendant
Natalie Meyer, Grants/Climate Protection
Coordinator
Chris Saunders, Assistant Planning Director
Chuck Winn, Public Safety Director
Other Agencies
Dan Alexander, Story Distributing
Lisa Ballard, Streamline Bus System
Jason Delmue, Bozeman Bicycle Board
Ron Gompertz, Eco Auto
Gary Griffith, Bozeman Public School System
Stephen Johnson, Gallatin Valley Land Trust
Linda Ravenaugh, SWMBIA
Amy Shatzkin, IGLEI
Ed Sondeno, Bozeman Public School System
Kath Willaims, LEED Consultant
_, . _, .Bozeman Muni ~. ...~ _ ~_ 4.: _,..n, ~:. ,, ,_..
38 cipaF Climate Action Plan June 2008
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Appendix A: Mayors' Climate Protection Agreement
ENDURSTNG THE US MA'YQRS' CLIMATE PRCiTECTIUIV AGREEMENT
(Endorsed Language}
ENI7QRSING THE U.S. MAYORS CLIMATE PROTECTION AGREEMENT
WHEREAS, the U.S. Conference of Mayors has previously adopted Strang policy resolutions calling for cites,
communities and the federal government to take actions to reduce global warming pollution; and
WHEREAS, the inter-Gavemmental Panel on Climate Change (iPCC}, the international community's most respected
assemblage of scientists, has found that climate disruption is a reality and that human activities are largely
responsible for increasing concentrations of global warming pollution; and
WHEREAS, recent, wail-documented impacts of climate disruption include average global sea level increases of faun
to eight inches during the 20th Century; a 44 percent decline in Arctic sea-ice thickness; and nine of the ten hottest
years on record occurring In the past decade; and
WHEREAS, climate disruption of the magnitude now predicted. by the sclentiflc community will cause extremely tasty
disruption of human and natural systems throughout the wand including: increased risk of Roods ar droughts;. sea-
ievel rises that interact with coastal storms to erode beaches, inundate land, and damage structures;•mare frequent
and extreme heat waves; more frequent and greater concentstlons of smog; and
WHEREAS, an February 16, 2045, the lCyota Protocol, an international agreement to address climate disruption, went
into effect In the 141 countries that have stifled it to date; 3i3 of those countries are now legally required to reduce
gre~nhause gas emissions on average 5.2 percent below 1990 levels by 2412; and
WHEREAS,'the United States of America, with less than five percent of the world's population, is responsible for
producing appraximately 25 percent o€ the world's global warming pollutants; and
WHEREAS, the Kyoto Protocol emissions reduction target for the U.S. would have been 7 percent below 1930 levels
by 2412; and
WHEREAS, many leading US companies that have adopted greenhouse gas reduction programs to demonstrate
corporate social responsibility have also publicly expressed preference for the US to adapt precise and mandatary
emissions targets and timetables as a means by which to remain competitve in the intematianal marketplace, to
mitigate financial risk and to promote sound investment decisions; and
WHEREAS, state and local governments throughout the United States are adapting emission reduction targets and
apnodgrams and that this leadership is bipartisan, earning from Republican and DemoCStiC governors and mayors alike;.
WHEREAS, many cities throughout the nation, bath large and small, are reducing global warming pollutants through
programs that provide economic and quality a€ life benefits such as reduced energy bills, green space preservation, air
quality improvements, reduced traffic congestion, improved transportation choices, and economic development and
job creation through energy canservatian and new energy technologies; and
WHEREAS, mayors from around the nation have signed the U.S. Mayors Climate Protection Agreement which, as
amended at the 73rd Annual U.S. Conference of Mayors meeting, reads:
3t~ Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
The U.S. Mayors Cllrnate Protection Agreement
a., We urge the federal government and state governments to enact policies and programs to meet or beat the
target of reducing global warmtng pollution levels to 7 percent below 193(7 levels by 2(712, including efforts to:
reduce the united States' dependence on fossil fuels and decelerate the development of clean, economical
energy resources and fuel-efficient technologies such as conservation, methane recovery for energy
generation, waste to energy, wind and solar energy: fuel cells, efficient motor vehicles, and biofuels;
b. We urge the U.S. Congress to pass bipartisan"greenhouse gas reduction legislation that includes 1} clear
'timetables and ernissions limits and 2} a flexible, market-based system of tradable allowances among emitting
industries; and
c. We will strive to meet or exceed Kyoto Protocol targets for reducing global warming. pollution by taking actions
in our own operations and communities such as:
1. Inventory global warrtling emissions in City operations and in the community, set reduction targets
and create an action plan,
2. Adopt and enforce land-use policies that reduce sprawl, preserve open space, and date compact.,
walkable urban communities, '
3. Promote transportation options such as bicycle trails, commute trip reduction programs, incentives for
car pooling and public transit;
4. Increase the use of clean, akernative energy by, for example, investing in "green tags", advocating for
the development of renewable energy resources, recovering landfill methane for energy production,
and supporting the use of waste to energy technology;.
5. Make energy efficiency d priority through building code improvements, retraf'rtting city facilities with
energy efficient lighting and urging employees to conserve energy and save money;
6. Purchase only Energy Star equipment and appliances far City use,
7. Practice and promote sustainable building practices using the US. Green Building Council's LEER
program ar a similar system;
8. Increase the average fuel efficiency of municipal fleet vehicles; reduce the number of vehicles; launch
an employee education program including anti-idling messages; convert diesel vehicles to bio-diesel;
4. Evacuate opportunities to increase pump efficiency in water and wastewater systems; recover
wastewater treatment methane far energy ProductfonS
i0. Increase recycling rates in City operations and in the community;
11. Maintain healthy urban forests; promote tree planting to increase shading and to absorb C02; and
i2. Help educate the public, schools, other jurfsdictians, professional associations, business and industry
about reducing global warming pollution.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that The U.5. Conference of Mayors endorses the U.S. Mayors Climate
Protection Agreement as amended by the 73rd annual U.S. Conference of Mayors meeting and urges mayors from
around the nation to join this effort.
BE IT FiJRTHER RESOLVED, i`he J.S. Conference of Mayors will work in conjunction with ICl.lt traca! Governments
for Suskainabiiity and other appropriate organizations to track progress and implementation of the US. Mayors..
Climate Protection Agreement as amended by tl~e 73rd annual 11.5. Conference of Mayors meeting.
q, Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
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Appendix B: Suggestions for Future Community Plan
Citizens Concerned for Climate Change Recommendations
Ideas far Possible Bozeman Climate protection Action Ptan
March 2007, second draft
{The bolded actions t-12 below come from the Mayors' CCmate Protection Agreement, wifh
local examples listed with each. An iF] indicates a recommended' first step.}
Inventory global warming emissions in City operations and in the community, set
reduction targets, and create an action plan
a. (F} Establish a Climate Protection Advisory Committee to advise staff orr changes each
department can make, prepare an action plan for file City, assess short-farm and long-
term casts and benefits of ~npiementing/not implementing various recar~rrx:ndatians,
advise Commission on policy changes, answer questions, help with outreach;
b. {F} Nave department heads read the Mayor's Climate Action Handlxxrk, which describes
how fo get started; ask each department to identity a first step they can take in 2001--
200$ and begin working on a departmental action plan, with advisory comnriftee help;
c, {F} Jain ICLEI, Local Gavemments for Sustainebility, to take advantage of there technical
assistance regarding climate protection; iCLEI provides experienced staff, software
foals, a toolkit, programs, and technical assistance to help focal governments reduce
greenhouse gas emissions in a cxrst-effective, effrcient manner, their website is
htfp:/lwww.iclei.org; ICLEt can assist the city in inventorying global warming emissions,
setting targets far each year, and creating an action plan to meet arose targets;
d. (~} Lluring the 2007-2008 fiscal year, conduct a baseline inventory of global warming
pollutants {ree~rrnrended first step in the U,S. Mayors' Climate Action Handbook and
also by Rocky Mountain institute};
e. (F} Adopt along-terra, overarching corrrrrritirrent covering all City departments, programs,
arrcd policies to consider the impact of actions an global warming and to adopt rnore
climate-friendly practices, includ'mg reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, rrurrimizing
waste through reuse and ptxehase of recycled supplies,: and maxiirrizing energy
efficiency;
f. {F} Set deadlir~s for key actions {the baseline inventory, development of the action plan,
departmental fast steps, arxt sa forth};
g, {F} Ask all relevant City advisory boards to submit recomir~ndatfans far addressing
global warming;
Adopt and enforce land•use policies that reduce sprawl, preserve open space, and
create compact, walkable urban communities
a. During the 2020 Community Growth Plan Update, consider any abjer~iives and policies
not already in place fhat world help reduce carbon emissions as the community gnaws;
b. Promote mixed use;
promote transportation options such as bicycle trails, commute trip reduction
programs, incentives for car pooling and public transit
a. During the Transportation Plan Update, consider any objectives nat. already in place to
help reduce carbon emissions as the community grows;
b. Expand Streamline bus routes for greater convenience and use;
c Continue improving waNcability and bikabitity of community through completing networks
of walking and biking larres/rauteslpaflrs, completing safe routes for children to walk and
bike to aU schools, and in'~rove intension and arterial crossing safety for pedestrians;.
d. -lnstalE more energy-efficient traffic tights;
e. Favor roundabouts far intersections, which reduce idlirxJ {and thus emissions};
f. Ask Bike Board, Pedestrian Traffic Safety Committee, Transportation Coordinating
Committee, and interested community groups to help devetas recommendations;
Increase the u~ of clean, akernative energy by, far example, investing in "green
tags," advocating for the development of renewable energy resources, recovering
~,1 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
landfill methane far energy production, and supporting the use of waste to energy
technoMgy
5. Make energy efficiency a priority through building code improvements, retrofitting.
city facilities with energy efficient fighting., and urging e-nployees to conserve energy
and save money
a_ Include reducing emissions and maximizing energy efficiency as goals tar all capital
mprovements/facilities planning;
la. enccwrage re#rafitting of existing names for reduced energy use,. perhaps through rebate
program; work with power company to build on its existing programs;.
c, revise Building Gale to promote construction of mare energy-efficient buildings;
d. consider aiher policy changes to promote Tess energy use and create a mare climate-
friendly built environment, including lighting, heating!coaling, fans, and load reduction;
6. Purchase only Energy Star equipment and appliances for City use
a. Enaaurage local businesses to promote Energy Start appliances to customers
7. Practice and promote sus#anabie building practices using the t).S. Green Building
Council's l_EED program or a similar system
a. The new library is an excellent example of what's possible; past data on website to make
information easily accessible on ifs sustainable buik3ing features;
t3. Increase the average fast efficiency of municipal fleet vehicles; reduce the number of
vehicles; launch an employee education program including anti-idling messages;
convert diesel vehicles to bio-diiesef
a, Build on the great start the Gity has already made regarding biadiesel vehicles, and the
Planning Department's bicycle program for staff use during the workday; purchase
hybrid vehicles when appropriate;
b. Ask police and other depar#men#s to develop appropriate policies regarding idling;
9. Evaluate opportunities to increase pump efficiency in water and wastewater systems
recover wastewater treatment methane for energy production
id. Increase recycling rates in City operations and in the community
a. Set targets and publ`scize availability fa all households and' businesses;
b. Adopt practices far events ihaf occur in public places {Sweet Pea, Christmas Stroll, etc.}
to #aster recycing and less waste;
1 t. Maintain healthy urban forests; promote tree planting to increase shading and to
absorb Ct?z
a. Ask Tree Board and City forestry staff to work Nether to create a plan to dramatically
increase tree planting program in parks and on boulevards;
72. Help educate the public. schools, other jurisdictions, professional associations,
business and industry about reducing global warming pollution
13. With reduced' snowpack and water supply predicted as one regional impact of climate
change, ..adopt and fully implement the already studied and proposed water
conservation plan for Bozeman and consider additional measures
a. Implement the recommended rebate program for individuals {and maybe businesses
and ntmprofits} fo retrofit homes with water-conserving devices and appliances;
b. Revise Building Cade to require {ar encourage) installation of opiima!!y water conserving
devices and appliances in new homes and workplaces;
c, Consider other policy changes to promote water ~nservation;
c3:-• Retrofit City buikfings far better water conservation;
14. {F} Revise Economic C?evelopment Revolving Loan standards to promote investment
in businesses pursuing clean energy alternatives or with climate-friendly business
practices
tS. Support legislative bills to help Montana respond to climate change
4,2 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
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Transportation and Land Use Community Suggestions
While collecting information about municipal operations, the TLU committee also collected
information about numerous community options. These options are included here to provide a
foundation for the community action plan, to be developed later, and to bring to light some
potential alternatives.
Basis for Recommendations
The transportation land use (TLU) subcommittee was comprised of David Boggeman,
Patrick McGowen, Martin Knight, and Greg Pederson. The TLU developed recommendations based
on their own knowledge and based on those recommendations proposed by various experts who.
met with the committee (see Chapter 4).
Background
The Bozeman Sewer Facilities Plan estimated that annual vehicle miles travelled in
Bozeman was 111,000,000. Considering the average estimates and relationships discussed
previously (20 mpg fuel efficiency, and 21.4 pounds of C02 per gallon) car travel in Bozeman
currently results in 59,000 tons of C02 annually. By another estimate, the 2000 population of
Bozeman was 27,509 and the typical person averaging 4.4 tons of C02 per year from driving. The
community carbon impact is 121,040 tons of C02 from transportation. The first estimate is
probably too low because it does not include vehicle miles travelled on local streets (just arterials
and highways). The second estimate is of total travel of Bozeman's citizens. It does not include
travel of Bozeman citizens outside of Bozeman, or travel of non-citizens in Bozeman.
This is not an exact representation of total transportation emissions in Bozeman. For
example it does not include transportation emissions in Bozeman that are caused by non-residents
such as tourists or those living in outside areas that come to Bozeman to work, shop and recreate.
However, it is a good estimate and allows for easy comparison.
The bad news is that not only is the population increasing, but people are travelling more.
Figure 6 shows how the miles driven per person have increased on average 1.4 percent per year.
Projecting this to the forecast year of 2020 means travel per person will increase 30
percent from 2001 values. Combine that with a 47 percent yearly increase in population from 2000
to 2020, means the total vehicle miles travelled will nearly double the likely carbon produced by
the same amount. This means that a significant reduction need take place just to maintain the
current output.
Reducing Community Carbon Footprint
Considering the continued increase in both population and miles driven per person, a significant
reduction in the carbon impact of transportation can only result from individual choices of
Bozeman citizens. The recommendations presented attempt to influence this choice by:
• providing incentives or disincentives
• improving the feasibility of alternative modes (primarily walking, biking and transit), and
• public education
• community supported agriculture
4,~ Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
9000 - - - -
- -
c. 8000 ---- - - - -
m 7000
> 6000 _ _ _ - - - -- - - - - - - -- ~
N 5000
~ a 4000 ~~
3000
ea 2000
c 1000 -- - - - - - '~
Q 0 - ~- - -
1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
Year
Figure 6. Miles Driven Per Person Nationally (Source: NPTSJ
Incentives
APP-1. Local Incentives for Hybrid /Alternative Fuel Vehicles
Description. The City could provide incentives for locals to purchase high efficiency or alternative
fuel vehicles. The exact nature of the incentives is not defined.
APP-2. Local Gas Tax
Description. A local gas tax has the potential to reduce transportation caused carbon for two
reasons, first the slight increase in fuel costs may motivate individuals to choose more carbon
friendly alternatives. Second the gas tax could be used primarily support carbon friendly options
(alternative fuel vehicles, improved bicycle and pedestrian facilities, and better public transit).
Carbon Reduction. Small increases in fuel prices have proven to be mostly inelastic. The demand
for fuel does not decrease with small increases in fuel cost, so the reduction caused by the increase
in cost will likely be minimal. Most of the mitigations mentioned in this report have a real cost
associated with them, with no identified source of funding. This could be a source of funding for a
carbon reduction program.
Consequences/Discussion. It is the author's understanding according to state law, that the city
could not pass such a tax; this would have to be passed by the Gallatin County Commission and
possibly approved by voters. The tax could not exceed 2 cents per gallon. The City should
encourage the county to implement this tax and encourage the use go to GHG reduction.
App-3. Transportation Demand Management
Description. If the pilot transportation demand management (TDM) program works well, it could
be implemented community wide. Often this is done by requiring employers over a certain size to
implement a TDM plan. More information on implementing TDM including case studies can be
found at http://www.ops.fhwa.dot.gov/tdm/toolbox.htm. These are primarily implemented in
more urban areas in an attempt to reduce congestion. The gains in congestion reduction in a City
44 1 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
permeable surfaces for the infiltration of water. Asphalt surface are less then optimal since
they generate green house gasses in the production processes and are a derivative of
petroleum products. In addition, the black surface has a low albedo with causes retention
of heat and increases in long-wave radiation; thus adding to the urban heat island effect.
However, the lower cost of asphalt could result in more pathways and thus more bicycle
users. Landscaping the trails with mature trees, as mentioned above, can serve to reduce
the local heating effects and improve the overall enjoyabilty of the trail.
Revisit the "Sidewalk Program." This program is currently on the books and requires
homeowners to pay for sidewalks to provide connectivity in the pedestrian system. This
program has been put on hold because of public backlash, but there is still the need for a
connected, usable pedestrian facility. A potential county wide gas tax could pay for the
sidewalks or developers could cover the sidewalk program during the initial construction
phase.
App-6. Designated City Funding for Bike Lane Construction and Maintenance
Description. There exist gaps in the bicycle/pedestrian system. Efforts need to be made to address
these gaps. If the City of Bozeman considers a core responsibility to be the provision of a
'transportation system; then transportation in Bozeman needs to be treated as such. With the
intention of providing connectivity and encouraging alternative forms of transportation the City
should not allow partial completion of road building projects such that significant connectivity gaps
develop. We urge the City to find or leverage the money to complete roads that are only partially
constructed at the cost of developers. This has the effect of increasing connectivity and making
cycling and walking more viable forms of transportation, and additionally it will reduce traffic from
new developments from being pushed out onto the few and already crowded main roads. As
stated before, connectivity of cities combined with the use of bicycle and pedestrian routes results
in fewer cars on the roads. Suggestions of this nature should not be considered as added
expenditures but as cheaper than building more, or maintaining larger roads to accommodate
more cars.
Since the primary method for construction of bike lanes is to add them into new developments, and
road reconstruction projects, the network is constructed in an ad-hoc method with no maintenance
funds. The City has done a good job of establishing a connected system in a piecemeal fashion, but
critical gaps still exist. A small fund should be created for maintenance of bike lanes (primarily
sweeping and plowing) and for construction of new bike lanes for the highest priority segments in
the road and trail network that would not otherwise be improved with new construction of
roadways or developments. A modest fund to improve the most critical gaps could have huge
potential benefits.
App-7. Hire a Permanent Bike/Ped Coordinator
Description. The City of Bozeman is now large enough that it needs a fulltime Bicycle Pedestrian
(Bike/Ped) Coordinator. The City has very dedicated and hard working Bicycle and Pedestrian
Boards but the workload of reviewing all new developments within the City and monitoring
construction for compliance is more time consuming than it is fair to expect volunteer boards to
accomplish. There may be an opportunity to share the cost by hiring a joint city /county
coordinator. This person could have a more comprehensive view of City County connectivity issues
and work toward an integrated system. Federal funding for such a position is not available until
Bozeman reaches a population of 50,000. However, the impact this position could have on
4,6 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
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the size of Bozeman is likely to be minimal. This does not-rule out, however, the potential of using
the same strategies to reduce community carbon emissions.
Carbon Reduction. Many employee based programs have resulted in 10-20 percent of employees
utilizing alternative modes (carpooling, biking, transit, or telecommuting). This is of course only the
work trips, which accounts for only a portion of the travel (commonly in the range of 20 percent).
Also, this is only for the largest employers. A successful program could result in a 1-2 percent
reduction in total community vehicle travel.
Improving the Feasibility of Carbon Friendly Transportation Modes
App-4. Improved Connectivity through Land Use /Development Policies
Description. Many developers will plan communities with cul-de-sacs and dead end streets. This
can increase the number of lots in a development and have a traffic calming impact. However,
these practices are not beneficial to bicycling and walking. For example, an individual could live
right next to a transit stop, but have to walk several blocks to get to it because of lack of
connectivity of streets. Developers should be required to connect streets at least with multiuse
(i.e., bicycle and pedestrian) pathways.
Encourage Pedestrian and Bicycle Facilities for new/reconstructed Roadways and Developments
App-5. Bicycle /Walking Pathway Policy and Design Considerations
• Description. The City of Bozeman has made a concerted effort to become a bicycle and pedestrian
friendly city. The City was chosen as the best bike/ped city in the state of Montana by (Sunset
Magazine). The current design standards for bicycle pedestrian facilities are good but some
• improvements could be made. These include:
• Sidewalks next to curbs should be outlawed these get covered by snow plowed from the
S street in winter and the rest of the year dirt and gravel from the road are thrown there.
• Sidewalks with landscape buffers are safer, more appealing and more likely to be utilized.
• Shaded paths (e.g., trees) are better for several reasons they are cooler both for users and
the atmosphere. They last longer solar radiation is hard on concrete and asphalt. They are
• more pleasant to use people have a greater sense of wellbeing when surrounded by plants.
• • The bike/ped trails that are not on surface streets should have maps and/or path signs to
enable users not familiar with the system to navigate throughout the city without having to
use surface streets. A common standard for path-finding signs should be investigated.
• The ribbon racks in the current code are an outdated design. These racks do not hold bikes
• up causing the bikes fall and potentially become damaged, not to mention this may also be
viewed as aesthetically unpleasing. How much would people use parking lots that had a
strong likelihood of damaging their cars? There are several available designs that resolve
these problems. Examples include Welles or Bullard style racks. The design of these racks is
• superior since it ensures two points of contact with each bike (not including wheels).
• City code also needs to be modified to place bike racks near the main entrance to buildings.
Pedestrians and cyclists should be rewarded with 'premium parking' for choosing to
commute using carbon free transportation
w • The uniform development code requires these paths to be concrete. There should be
flexibility for use of asphalt or alternative materials surfaces where appropriate.
Alternative paving techniques can reduce amounts of materials needed and provide
• 4,r~ Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
connectivity and coordination of the bike/ped trails is much greater now than when the City is
developed to a size of 50,000
Carbon Reduction. There would be no way to directly quantify carbon reduction for the City, but
US government studies have shown that up to 20 percent of people would travel by walking or
bicycle if facilities existed. If this were the case the City could save a substantial amount of money
and carbon in construction costs for new roads and streets as the City grows.
App-8. Plan for Light Rail
Description. Light rail can be environmentally friendly transportation option for several reasons.
First the system is run on electricity instead of gasoline or diesel. Electricity is not always cleaner
energy, but it can be. Second the energy loss from rolling resistance between steel wheel -steel
rail is about 1/10th that of rubber tire -pavement. Unfortunately much of these gains are usually
lost because of heavier vehicles and faster acceleration/deceleration used in light rail. The other
negative is that light rail requires designated right of way (as opposed to bus transit that can share
the road with passenger cars) and has huge infrastructure cost. A comparision of different modes
of public transportation by Vuchic (enter web link here) suggest that light rail becomes competitive
with bus transit or private auto somewhere between 5,000-10,000 riders per hour. For
comparison, the maximum capacity of a single lane on a high-speed freeway is a little over 2000
vehicles per hour. It will be some time before Bozeman is of the size and density for light rail, well
beyond the 2020 target of this plan. However, light rail should be kept in mind for long range
planning horizons.
Other
App-9. Public Education
Description. In order to reduce community carbon emissions, it must come down to personal
choice. Educating the public on their carbon impact and how they can reduce this could have a
huge impact. Based on the average values discussed at the introduction of this section, the average
person uses 8 gallons of gas per week, 34 gallons per month, and 410 gallons per year. To be a
carbon friendly citizen one would use 15 percent less meaning 7 gallons per week. The target
percentage could be increased in order to make up for increased population. There could also be
publically recognized targets, and suggested attainment levels, similar to green building programs
(certified by the LEED) designed to reduce individual fuel consumption (e.g., bronze is < 8 gallons
per week, silver < 6 gallons, gold < 4 gallons). Conversions could also be provided for alternative
fuels. Such goals may also serve to increase community cohesiveness around a common goal if
promoted properly. People could be rewarded with bus passes, free bike repairs at a local shop,
compact florescent light bulbs, a t-shirt, button, or poster if they state and provide minimal
evidence (e.g. a monthly credit card statement showing fuel purchases) showing that they have
met these goals for a certain period of time. This could be combined with the other areas including
home energy use.
App-10. Community Supported Agriculture
Description. Aside from personal choice, improving other efficiencies in the system such as food
production and distribution, or local renewable energy production, could result in a greatly reduced
carbon footprint for the City of Bozeman.
47 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
From a land use planning perspective, the TLU felt they could not add anything to the current City
land use planning efforts, with one exception. The City should consider incentives for community
supported farms. This provides local produce for citizens and a viable business plan for small scale
farmers. Growing food locally saves the shipping costs for produce and also helps preserve open
space. Further information can be found at:
• General resources: USDA http://www.nal.usda.gov/afsic/pubs/csa/csa.shtml and University
of MA http://www.umassvegetable.org/food_farming_systems/csa/
• Right here in Bozeman is Towne Harvest at MSU
http://www.newwest.net/city/article/urban_agriculture_creating_an_alternative_to_tradit
ional_methods/C396/L396/
• A great example of an incubator farm is Intervale Center http://www.intervale.org/
• Also interesting is the role of the Vermont Land Trust in helping secure the land
http://www.vlt.org/PR/062907newsrel.html
$ Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
Appendix C: Supporting Data from ICLEI CACP Software
CACP Data 2000 and 2006 Summaries
5/26/2008 Page 1
Bozeman Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2000
Summary Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
Buildings 2,384 39.2 31,366 114
Vehicle Fleet 1,487 24.4 17,457 207,383
Streetlights 326 5.4 2,174 138,747
Water/Sewage 1,958 32.2 15,547 0
Waste -72 -1.2 11,039
Total 6,084 100.0 66,544 357,283
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air
and Climate Protection Software developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 1
Bozeman Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2006
Summary Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
Buildings 3,226 41.0 37,559 513,517
Vehicle Fleet 1,543 19.6 18,278 408,656
Streetlights 564 7.2 3,525 343,570
Water/Sewage 2,652 33.7 20,189 388,231
Waste -119 -1.5 20,187
Total 7,866 100.0 79,551 1,674,160
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air
and Climate Protection Software developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
4tj Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
•
CACP Data 2000 and 2006 Details
Year 2000
5/26/2008 Page 1
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2000
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
Buildings
Bozeman, Montana
800 N Grand Ball Park
Electricity 1 0.0 7 0
Subtotal 800 N Grand Ball Park 1 0.0 7 0
Bealle
Electricity 1 0.0 6 0
Subtotal Bealle 1 0.0 6 0
Bogart Pool Building
Electricity 15 0.2 101 0
Subtotal Bogart Pool Building 15 0.2 101 0
Bogert Park
Electricity 20 0.3 135 0
Subtotal Bogert Park 20 0.3 135 0
Bozeman Pond Restroom
Electricity 3 0.0 19 0
Natural Gas 4 0.1 67 0
Subtotal Bozeman Pond Restroom 7 0.1 86 0
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 2
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2000
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
Cemetary Operations
Electricity 4 0.1 26 0
Natural Gas 9 0.1 147 0
Subtotal Cemetary Operations 13 0.2 173 0
Cemetary Shed
Electricity 0 0.0 0 0
Subtotal Cemetary Shed 0 0.0 0 0
Centennial Park
Electricity 1 0.0 4 0
Subtotal Centennial Park 1 0.0 4 0
City Hall/ Fire Station 1
Electricity 146 2.4 971 0
Natural Gas 785 12.9 12,713 0
Subtotal City Hall/ Fire Station 1 931 15.3 13,684 0
City Landfill Cinderblock Pump Lights
Electricity 0 0.0 3 114
Subtotal City Landfill Cinderblock Pump Lights 0.0 3 114
Cooper Park
Electricity 1 0.0 6 0
Subtotal Cooper Park 1 0.0 6 0
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 3
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2000
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
East Gallatin Park
r,® Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
n
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• Electricity 1 0.0 6 0
Subtotal East Gallatin Park 1 0.0 6 0
• Equipment Shack
Electricity 2 0.0 13 0
• Subtotal Equipment Shack 2 0.0 13 0
Fire Stationl
• Electricity 20 0.3 131 0
• Natural Gas 29 0.5 468 0
Subtotal Fire Station 2 49 0.8 599 0
• Haggerty Lane Ball Fields
Electricity 25 0.4 169 0
• Subtotal Haggerty Lane Ball Fields 25 0.4 169 0
Jarrett Park
• Electricity 0 0.0 3 0
Subtotal Jarrett Park 0 0.0 3 0
• Josephine Park
Electricity 1 0.0 8 0
Subtotal Josephine Park 1 0.0 8 0
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
•
• 5/26/2008 Page 4
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2000
• Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
• (tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
• Kirk Park
Electricity 0 0.0 0 0
• Subtotal Kirk Park 0 0.0 0 0
Kirk Park Restroom
Electricity 4 0.1 26 0
Subtotal Kirk Park Restroom 4 0.1 26 0
• Lindley Park
Electricity 2 0.0 10 0
• Subtotal Lindley Park 2 0.0 10 0
Lindley Park Bowl
• Electricity 1 0.0 4 0
• Subtotal Lindley Park Bowl 1 0.0 4 0
Lindley Park Rec
• Electricity 5 0.1 33 0
Natural Gas 14 0.2 224 0
• Subtotal Lindley Park Rec 19 0.3 257 0
Lower Yard
• Electricity 3 0.0 20 0
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
• developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
• 5/26/2008 Page 5
• Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2000
Detailed Report
• Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
• Natural Gas 30 0.5 479 0
Subtotal Lower Yard 33 0.5 499 0
• Old Library
Electricity 118 1.9 785 0
• Natural Gas 39 0.6 623 0
Subtotal Old Library 156 2.6 1,408 0
• Park Operation Toole Street
• Electricity 2 0.0 15 0
Subtotal Park Operation Toole Street 2 0.0 15 0
• Senior Center
Electricity 124 2.0 823 0
• Natural Gas 93 1.5 1,503 0
~ 51 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
Subtotal Senior Center 216 3.6 2,326 0
Shops Complex
Electricity 112 1.8 745 0
Natural Gas 215 3.5 3,476 0
Subtotal Shops Complex 327 5.4 4,221 0
Solid Waste Disposal
Electricity 8 0.1 52 0
Subtotal Solid Waste Disposal 8 0.1 52 0
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 6
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2000
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (°~) (MMBtu) ($)
Southside Park
Electricity 14 0.2 93 0
Subtotal Southside Park 14 0.2 93 0
Stiff Professional Building
Electricity 123 2.0 820 0
Natural Gas 84 1.4 1,366 0
Subtotal Stiff Professional Building207 3.4 2,186 0
Swim Center
Natural Gas 324 5.3 5,243 0
Subtotal Swim Center 324 5.3 5,243 0
W Babcock Park
Electricity 3 0.1 21 0
Subtotal W Babcock Park 3 0.1 21 0
Subtotal Buildings 2,384 39.2 31,366 114
Vehicle Fleet
Bozeman, Montana
Building Inspection
Gasoline 23 0.4 263 3,124
Subtotal Building Inspection 23 0.4 263 3,124
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 7
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2000
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
Cemetary
Gasoline 25 0.4 295 3,497
Subtotal Cemetary 25 0.4 295 3,497
City Attorney
Gasoline 1 0.0 14 16i
Subtotal City Attorney 1 0.0 14 161
City Manager
Gasoline 7 0.1 81 955
Subtotal City Manager 7 0.1 81 955
Facilites Managment
Gasoline 0 0.0 1 13
Subtotal Facilites Managment 0 0.0 1 13
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 8
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2000
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
Finance IT Administration
Gasoline 1 0.0 13 156
52 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
Subtotal Finance IT Administration 1 0.0 13 156
Fire
Gasoline 37 0.6 433 5,137
Diesel 37 0.6 426 5,347
Subtotal Fire 74 1.2 859 10,485
Forestry/Tree Maintenance
Gasoline 115 1.9 1,338 15,873
Subtotal Forestry/Tree Maintenance 115 1.9 1,338 15,873
Parking
Gasoline 10 0.2 119 1,412
Subtotal Parking 10 0.2 119 1,412
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 9
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2000
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
Parks
Gasoline 85 1.4 997 11,830
Subtotal Parks 85 1.4 997 11,830
Planning
Gasoline 1 0.0 13 148
Subtotal Planning 1 0.0 13 148
Police
Gasoline 203 3.3 2,368 28,096
Subtotal Police 203 3.3 2,368 28,096
Public Service
Gasoline 58 1.0 680 8,062
Subtotal Public Service 58 1.0 680 8,062
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 10
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2000
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
Recreation
Gasoline 1 0.0 9 103
Subtotal Recreation 1 0.0 9 103
Solid Waste Collection
Gasoline 148 2.4 1,751 20,769
Subtotal Solid Waste Collection 148 2.4 1,751 20,769
Solid Waste Disposal
Gasoline 233 3.8 2,744 32,548
Subtotal Solid Waste Disposal 233 3.8 2,744 32,548
Streets
Gasoline 261 4.3 3,071 36,433
Subtotal Streets 261 4.3 3,071 36,433
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 11
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2000
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
Vehicle Maintenance
Gasoline 5 0.1 54 636
Subtotal Vehicle Maintenance 5 0.1 54 636
Waste Water Operations
Gasoline 34 0.6 402 4,768
Subtotal Waste Water Operations 34 0.6 402 4,768
5 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
Waste Water Plant
Gasoline 30 0.5 352 4,179
Subtotal Waste Water Plant 30 0.5 352 4,179
Water Operations
Gasoline 154 2.5 1,801 21,360
Subtotal Water Operations 154 2.5 1,801 21,360
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 12
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2000
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
Water Plant
Gasoline 18 0,3 208 2,471
Subtotal Water Plant 18 0.3 208 2,471
Zoning
Gasoline 2 0.0 26 305
Subtotal Zoning 2 0.0 26 305
Subtotal Vehicle Fleet 1,487 24.4 17,457 207,383
Streetlights
Bozeman, Montana
11th and Mendenhall Bouncing Ball Light
Electricity 0 0.0 1 0
Subtotal 11th and Mendenhall Bouncing Ball Light 0.0 1 0
15th-18th Main-Durston
Electricity 11 0.2 71 10,572
Subtotal 15th-18th Main-Durston 11 0.2 71 10,572
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 13
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2000
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
1802 N Rouse
Electricity 0 0.0 3 0
Subtotal 1802 N Rouse 0 0.0 3 0
7th Main-Oak
Electricity 17 0.3 113 6,262
Subtotal 7th Main-Oak 17 0.3 113 6,262
7th-11th-Main-D u rsto n
Electricity 23 0.4 155 14,122
Subtotal7th-11th-Main-Durston 23 0.4 155 14,122
8th West City Limits
Electricity 20 0.3 136 5,673
Subtotal 8th West City Limits 20 0.3 136 5,673
Alley Lamme-Villard
Electricity 1 0.0 5 236
Subtotal Alley Lamme-Villard 1 0.0 5 236
Babcock Caution Light
Electricity 0 0.0 1 0
Subtotal Babcock Caution Light 0 0.0 1 0
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 14
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2000
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
Babcock S3rd-SSth
Electricity 2 0.0 12 545
rJ, ,~, Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
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Subtotal Babcock S3rd-SSth 2 0.0 12 545
Beall/Durston Rd
Electricity 3 0.0 20 1,735
Subtotal Beall/Durston Rd 3 0.0 20 1,735
Blackmore Terrace/17th -Durston
Electricity 3 0.0 17 2,518
Subtotal Blackmore Terrace/17th -Durston 0.0 17 2,518
Bozeman Chronicle Rouse and Babcock
Electricity 0 0.0 2 0
Subtotal Bozeman Chronicle Rouse and Babcock 0.0 2 0
Cleveland St
Electricity 4 0.1 27 4,744
Subtotal Cleveland St 4 0.1 27 4,744
Cleveland-Lincoln Grand-6th
Electricity 28 0.5 190 17,722
Subtotal Cleveland-Lincoln Grand-6th 28 0.5 190 17,722
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 15
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2000
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
Cooper/Bogert/Kirk/Lind ley/
Electricity 5 0.1 32 4,076
Subtotal Cooper/Bogert/Kirk/Lindley/ 5 0.1 32 4,076
Corner E Babcock and S Rouse
Electricity 5 0.1 30 0
Subtotal Corner E Babcock and S Rouse 5 0.1 30 0
Corner S 15th / Babcock
Electricity 0 0.0 2 0
Subtotal Corner S 15th / Babcock 0 0.0 2 0
Durston-Villard & 10-11th
Electricity 1 0.0 7 354
Subtotal Durston-Villard & 10-11th 1 0.0 7 354
E Bozeman Interchange
Electricity 1 0.0 7 294
Subtotal E Bozeman Interchange 1 0.0 7 294
Greekway
Electricity 2 0.0 10 941
Subtotal Greekway 2 0.0 10 941
Highland and Main
Electricity 5 0.1 35 0
Subtotal Highland and Main 5 0.1 35 0
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
• 5/26/2008 Page 16
• Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2000
Detailed Report
• Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
• Kagy Blvd
Electricity 21 0.4 142 2,218
. Subtotal Kagy Blvd 21 0.4 142 2,218
Main 4th S 8th Ave
• Electricity 10 0.2 66 3,566
Subtotal Main 4th S 8th Ave 10 0.2 66 3,566
• Main-Mendenhall
Electricity 0 0.0 3 265
• Subtotal Main-Mendenhall 0 0.0 3 265
• Main/Harrison
Electricity 31 0.5 208 11,099
• Subtotal Main/Harrison 31 0.5 208 11,099
• 5r~ Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
Main/N Bozeman
Electricity 20 0.3 133 6,664
Subtotal Main/N Bozeman 20 0.3 133 6,664
Mendenhall-Church-3rd
Electricity 12 0.2 79 5,353
Subtotal Mendenhall-Church-3rd 12 0.2 79 5,353
Mendenhall/Tracy/ Black
Electricity 0 0.0 0 0
Subtotal Mendenhall/Tracy/ Black 0 0.0 0 0
This report has been generated for Bozema n, Montan a using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 17
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2000
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
Morwyn Add #2
Electricity 0 0.0 2 1,136
Subtotal Morwyn Add #2 0 0.0 2 1,136
Morwyn Add# 1
Electricity 3 0.0 17 1,005
Subtotal Morwyn Add# 1 3 0.0 17 1,005
N 19th to Main
Electricity 13 0.2 89 1,554
Subtotal N 19th to Main 13 0.2 89 1,554
N Ida-NChurch
Electricity 18 0.3 118 6,418
Subtotal N lda-NChurch 18 0.3 118 6,418
N Main Alley
Electricity 3 0.1 23 1,121
Subtotal N Main Alley 3 0 .1 23 1,121
N Willson Main-Mendenhall
Electricity 1 0.0 3 313
Subtotal N Willson Main-Mendenhall 1 0.0 3 313
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montan a using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 18
Government Gre enhouse Gas Emissions in 2000
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (°~) (MMBtu) ($)
NW CornerSl9th/Koch
Electricity 0 0.0 3 87
Subtotal NW Corner519th/Koch 0 0.0 3 87
Parking Lots
Electricity 2 0.0 12 411
Subtotal Parking Lots 2 0. 0 12 411
S Black-College-Railway
Electricity 3 0.0 17 865
Subtotal SBlack-College-Railway 3 0.0 17 865
S Willson Main-Cleveland
Electricity 9 0.2 62 10,068
Subtotal S Willson Main-Cleveland 9 0.2 62 10,068
Scoreboard Softball Complex
Electricity 0 0.0 0 0
Subtotal Scoreboard Softball Complex 0 0.0 0 0
SE Corner Kagy/S 19th
Electricity 0 0.0 3 87
Subtotal SE Corner Kagy/S 19th 0 0.0 3 87
SE Corner W Lincoln S 19th
Electricity 0 0.0 3 122
Subtotal SE Corner W Lincoln S 19th 0 0.0 3 122
I~r6 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
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This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 19
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2000
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
Thompson Addition #1
Electricity 2 0.0 11 2,767
Subtotal Thompson Addition fil 2 0.0 11 2,767
Traffic Light 19th/Durston
Electricity 7 0.1 50 0
Subtotal Traffic Light 19th/Durston 7 0.1 50 0
Traffic Sginal Willson/Babcock
Electricity 7 0.1 47 0
Subtotal Traffic Sginal Willson/Babcock 0.1 47 0
Traffic Signal Kagy/S 3rd
Electricity 4 0.1 26 0
Subtotal Traffic Signal Kagy/S 3rd 4 0.1 26 0
United Commercials Travelers Building
Electricity 0 0.0 2 0
Subtotal United Commercials Travelers Building 0.0 2 0
Valley Unit Subdivision
Electricity 10 0.2 67 10,070
Subtotal Valley Unit Subdivision 10 0.2 67 10,070
Villard/N7th Flashing Light
Electricity 0 0.0 1 0
Subtotal Villard/N7th Flashing Light 0 0.0 1 0
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 20
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2000
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
W Babcock Park Lights
Electricity 2 0.0 13 0
Subtotal W Babcock Park Lights 2 0.0 13 0
W Bozeman Interchange Trilateral Cnt
Electricity 3 0.1 23 0
Subtotal W Bozeman Interchange Trilateral Cnt 0.1 23 0
West Park Manor 1
Electricity 6 0.1 40 3,764
Subtotal West Park Manor 1 6 0.1 40 3,764
Willson/Mendenhall Lights
Electricity 5 0.1 36 0
Subtotal Willson/Mendenhall Lights 5 0.1 36 0
Subtotal Streetlights 326 5.4 2,174 138,747
Water/Sewage
Bozeman, Montana
Bonner Lane Water Well
Electricity 2 0.0 14 0
Subtotal Bonner Lane Water Well 2 0.0 14 0
Cambridge Drive Pump
Electricity 1 0.0 7 0
Subtotal Cambridge Drive Pump 1 0.0 7 0
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 21
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2000
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
57 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
City Landfill Cinderblock Pond Pump
Electricity 14 0.2 91 0
Subtotal City Landfill Cinderblock Pond Pump 0.2 91 0
City Water Well
Electricity 3 0.1 22 0
Subtotal City Water Well 3 0.1 22 0
Landfill New Pump
Electricity 12 0.2 80 0
Subtotal Landfill New Pump 12 0.2 80 0
Lindley Park Pump
Electricity 5 0.1 36 0
Subtotal Lindley Park Pump 5 0.1 36 0
Lyman Creek Resevoir Cinderblock Bldg
Electricity 12 0.2 78 0
Subtotal Lyman Creek Resevoir Cinderblock Bldg 0.2 78 0
Pear Street Booster Station
Electricity 9 0.1 60 0
Subtotal Pear Street Booster Station 9 0.1 60 0
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 22
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2000
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (h) (MMBtu) ($)
Perkins Place Pump
Electricity 7 0.1 44 0
Subtotal Perkins Place Pump 7 0.1 44 0
Rouse and Tamarack Pump
Electricity 4 0.1 27 0
Subtotal Rouse and Tamarack Pump 4 0.1 27 0
Sprinkler System 11th/Main
Electricity 0 0.0 0 0
Subtotal Sprinkler5ystem 11th/Main 0 0.0 0 0
Waste Water lift station
Electricity 2 0.0 15 0
Subtotal Waste Water lift station 2 0.0 15 0
Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP)
Electricity 1,443 23.7 9,616 0
Subtotal Waste Water Treatment Plant (WWTP) 23.7 9,616 0
Water Treatment Plant
Electricity 173 2.8 1,151 0
Natural Gas 198 3.3 3,209 0
Subtotal Water Treatment Plant 371 6.1 4,360 0
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie
Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 23
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2000
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
Water Treatment Plant Cholrinator
Electricity 4 0.1 29 0
Subtotal Water Treatment Plant Cholrinator 0.1 29 0
WWTP Admin Building
Natural Gas 30 0.5 484 0
Subtotal WWTP Admin Building 30 0.5 484 0
WWTP Maintenance Bldg
Natural Gas 18 0.3 293 0
Subtotal WWTP Maintenance Bldg 18 0.3 293 0
WWTP Primary Treatment Bldg
58 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
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Natural Gas 15 0.2 235 0
Subtotal WWTP Primary Treatment BIdg15 0.2 235 0
• Yard Light and Power Pole
Electricity 4 0.1 27 0
• Natural Gas 2 0.0 27 0
Subtotal Yard Light and Power Pole 6 0.1 54 0
Yard Light Sediment Basin House
• Electricity 0 0.0 3 0
Subtotal Yard Light Sediment Basin House 0.0 3 0
• This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 24
` Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2000
Detailed Report
• Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
Subtotal Water/Sewage 1,958 32.2 15,547 0
• Waste
Bozeman, Montana
Bozeman Landfill Disposal Method -Managed Landfill
Paper Products -50 -0.8 4,195
• Food Waste 10 0.2 1,435
Plant Debris -23 -0.4 1,104
• Wood/Textiles -9 -0.2 442
All Other Waste 0 0.0 3,864
Subtotal Bozeman Landfill -72 -1.2 11,039
• Subtotal Waste -72 -1.2 11,039
Total 6,084 100.0 66,544 357,283
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
•
• Year 2006
5/26/2008 Page 1
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2006
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
Buildings
. Bozeman, Montana
Adam Bronken Complex
• Electricity 6 0.1 39 1,430
Subtotal Adam Bronken Complex 6 0.1 39 1,430
• Ball Park
Electricity 2 0.0 11 373
• Subtotal Ball Park 2 0.0 11 373
• Bealle Park
Electricity 1 0.0 6 245
• Subtotal Bealle Park 1 0.0 6 245
Bogert Park
• Electricity 10 0.1 61 1,751
Subtotal Bogert Park 10 0.1 61 1,751
• Bogert Park Pavillion & Bandstand
• Electricity 14 0.2 86 2,912
Subtotal Bogert Park Pavillion & Bandstand 0.2 86 2,912
Bogert Park Pool
Electricity 6 0.1 38 1,052
• Natural Gas 35 0.4 567 5,640
Subtotal Bogert Park Pool 41 0.5 605 6,692
• This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and -CLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
•
5/26/2008 Page 2
~ 5g Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2006
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
Bozeman Pond Restroom
Electricity 3 0.0 17 542
Natural Gas 4 0.1 68 862
Subtotal Bozeman Pond Restroom 7 0.1 85 1,404
Bronken Memorial Park
Electricity 1 0.0 7 311
Subtotal Bronken Memorial Park 1 0.0 7 311
Cemetary Operations
Electricity 1 0.0 7 286
Subtotal Cemetary Operations 1 0.0 7 286
Cemetary Operations 2
Electricity 3 0.0 21 664
Natural Gas 10 0.1 168 1,836
Subtotal Cemetary Operations 2 14 0.2 189 2,500
Centennial Park
Electricity 1 0.0 9 313
Subtotal Centennial Park 1 0.0 9 313
City Hall/ Fire Station 1
Electricity 170 2.2 1,061 25,389
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 3
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2006
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
Natural Gas 450 5.7 7,285 16,924
Subtotal City Hall/ Fire Station 1 620 7.9 8,346 42,313
Cooper Park
Electricity 1 0.0 8 180
Subtotal Cooper Park 1 0.0 8 180
East Gallatin Park
Electricity 2 0.0 10 428
Subtotal East Gallatin Park 2 0.0 10 428
Equipment Shack
Electricity 2 0.0 12 423
Subtotal Equipment Shack 2 0.0 12 423
Fire Station 2
Electricity 28 0.4 173 5,008
Natural Gas 24 0.3 392 3,464
Subtotal Fire Station 2 52 0.7 565 8,472
Haggerty Lane Ball Fields
Electricity 28 0.4 177 17,099
Natural Gas 7 0.1 113 1,291
Subtotal Haggerty Lane Ball Fields 35 0.4 290 18,390
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 4
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2006
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
Jarrett Park
Electricity 1 0.0 5 214
Subtotal Jarrett Park 1 0.0 5 214
Josephine park
Electricity 10 0.1 60 1,723
Subtotal Josephine park 10 0.1 60 1,723
Kirkpark Restroom
6® Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
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Electricity 4 0.1 26 1,393
Subtotal Kirkpark Restroom 4 0.1 26 1,393
Landfill shop
Electricity 0 0.0 2 133
Subtotal Landfill shop 0 0.0 2 133
Lindely Park W of Picnic
Electricity 2 0.0 14 458
Subtotal Lindely Park W of Picnic 2 0.0 14 458
Lindley Park Bowl SweetPea
Electricity 1 0.0 3 472
Subtotal Lindley Park Bowl SweetPea 1 0.0 3 472
Lindley Park Rec
Electricity 3 0.0 19 605
Natural Gas 11 0.1 184 2,016
Subtotal Lindley Park Rec 14 0.2 203 2,621
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 5
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2006
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
Lower Yard
Electricity 23 0.3 145 3,154
Natural Gas 31 0.4 499 4,794
Subtotal Lower Yard 54 0.7 644 7,948
Multi Family Dwelling 1
Electricity 3 0.0 20 0
Natural Gas 7 0.1 106 0
Subtotal Multi Family Dwelling 1 10 0.1 126 0
Multi Family Dwelling 2
Electricity 3 0.0 16 0
Natural Gas 9 0.1 140 0
Subtotal Multi Family Dwelling 2 11 0.1 156 0
New Library
Natural Gas 103 1.3 1,674 16,740
Green Electricity 0 0.0 1,700 67,583
Subtotal New Library 103 1.3 3,374 84,323
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 6
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2006
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
Old Library
Electricity 97 1.2 606 14,080
Natural Gas 83 1.1 1,342 13,748
Subtotal Old Library 180 2.3 1,948 27,828
Park Operations 1
Electricity 0 0.0 3 107
Subtotal Park Operations 1 0 0.0 3 107
Park Operations 2
Electricity 3 0.0 17 552
Subtotal Park Operations 2 3 0.0 17 552
Police Law & Justice Center
Electricity 419 5.3 2,621 58,323
Natural Gas 134 1.7 2,176 22,895
Subtotal Police Law & Justice Center554 7.0 4,797 81,218
Senior Center
Electricity 131 1.7 820 21,954
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
61 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
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5/26/2008 Page 7
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2006
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (°~) (MMBtu) ($)
Natural Gas 55 0.7 890 8,962
Subtotal Senior Center 186 2.4 1,710 30,916
Shops Complex
Electricity 157 2.0 984 25,485
Natural Gas 215 2.7 3,475 22,247 '
Subtotal Shops Complex 372 4.7 4,459 47,732
Solid Waste Diposal
Electricity 31 0.4 195 5,955
Subtotal Solid Waste Diposal 31 0.4 195 5,955
Southside Park
Electricity 13 0.2 84 2,406
Subtotal Southside Park 13 0.2 84 2,406
Stiff Professional Building
Electricity 221 2.8 1,383 29,386
Natural Gas 43 0.5 691 7,422
Subtotal Stiff Professional Building264 3.4 2,074 36,808
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 8
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2006
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
Story Mansion
Electricity 0 0.0 2 105
Natural Gas 34 0.4 549 5,424
Subtotal Story Mansion 34 0.4 551 5,529
Swim Center
Electricity 245 3.1 1,530 34,328
Natural Gas 324 4.1 5,243 52,430
Subtotal Swim Center 569 7.2 6,773 86,758
Subtotal Buildings -3,226 41.0 37,559 513,517
Vehicle Fleet
Bozeman, Montana
ANIMAL CONTROL
Gasoline 5 0.1 55 1,209
Subtotal ANIMAL CONTROL 5 0.1 55 1,209
BLDG INSPECTION OPERATION
Gasoline 67 0.9 791 17,515
Diesel 0 0.0 2 56
Subtotal BLDG INSPECTION OPERATION 68 0.9 794 17,571
CEMETERY OPERATIONS
Gasoline 13 0.2 149 3,304
Diesel 5 0.1 60 1,373
Subtotal CEMETERY OPERATIONS 18 0.2 209 4,677
CITY ADMINISTRATION
Gasoline 1 0.0 12 267
Subtotal CITY ADMINISTRATION 1 0.0 12 267
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 9
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2006
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
CITY HALL
Gasoline 0 0.0 4 96
62 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
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Subtotal CITY HALL 0 0.0 4 96
CODE ENFORCEMENT
Gasoline 0 0.0 1 21
Subtotal CODE ENFORCEMENT 0 0.0 1 21
CRIME CTRL & INVESTIGATE
Gasoline 17 0.2 201 4,441
Subtotal CRIME CTRL & INVESTIGATE 17 0.2 201 4,441
DARE
Gasoline 4 0.1 51 1,124
Subtotal DARE 4 0.1 S1 1,124
DRUG FORFEITURE
Gasoline 9 0.1 110 2,444
Subtotal DRUG FORFEITURE 9 0.1 110 2,444
ENGINEERING
Gasoline 8 0.1 94 2,091
Subtotal ENGINEERING 8 0. 1 94 2,091
FIRE ADMINISTRATION
Gasoline 15 0.2 172 3,800
Diesel 0 0.0 1 22
Subtotal FIRE ADMINISTRATION 15 0.2 173 3,822
FIRE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
Gasoline 0 0.0 0 8
Diesel 2 0.0 28 642
Subtotal FIRE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2 0. 0 28 650
FIRE OPERATIONS
Diesel 38 0.5 435 9,985
Subtotal FIRE OPERATIONS 38 0.5 435 9,985
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 10
Government Greenhouse G as Emissions in 2006
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Ene rgy Cost
(tons) (%) (M MBtu) ($)
FORESTRY/TREE MAINTENANCE
Gasoline 20 0.3 239 5,290
Diesel 7 0.1 76 1,753
Subtotal FORESTRY/TREE MAINTENANCE 27 0.3 315 7,043
I.T. -ADMINISTRATION
Gasoline 7 0.1 77 1,708
Subtotall.T.-ADMINISTRATION 7 0.1 77 1,708
LIBRARY OPERATIONS
Gasoline 0 0.0 4 87
Subtotal LIBRARY OPERATIONS 0 0.0 4 87
PARK OPERATIONS
Gasoline 95 1.2 1,116 24,693
Diesel 13 0.2 154 3,527
Subtotal PARK OPERATIONS 108 1.4 1,269 28,220
PARKING OPERATIONS 1
Gasoline 2 0.0 29 633
Subtotal PARKING OPERATIONS 1 2 0.0 29 633
PARKING OPERATIONS 2
Gasoline 3 0.0 36 802
Subtotal PARKING OPERATIONS 2 3 0.0 36 802
PLANNING OPERATIONS
Gasoline 3 0.0 32 702
Subtotal PLANNING OPERATIONS 3 0.0 32 702
POLICE OPERATIONS
Gasoline 193 2.4 2,261 50,044
Subtotal POLICE OPERATIONS 193 2.4 2,261 50,044
PUBLIC SERVICES ADMIN
Gasoline 1 0.0 16 349
Subtotal PUBLIC SERVICES ADMIN 1 0.0 16 349
6~ Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 11
Government Greenhouse G as Emissions in 2006
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Ene rgy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
RECREATION PROGRAMS
Gasoline 1 0.0 14 310
Subtotal RECREATION PROGRAMS 1 0.0 14 310
RECYCLING
Gasoline 55 0.7 641 14,195
Diesel 29 0.4 330 7,573
LPG 0 0.0 5 139
Subtotal RECYCLING 84 1.1 977 21,907
SHOP COMPLEX
Gasoline 4 0.1 48 1,054
Diesel 0 0.0 1 29
Subtotal SHOP COMPLEX 4 0.1 49 1,083
SLUDGE INJECTION
Gasoline 10 0.1 115 2,539
Diesel 49 0.6 565 12,971
Subtotal SLUDGE INJECTION 59 0.7 680 15,510
SOLID WASTE DISPOLSAL OPERATIONS
Gasoline 25 0.3 291 6,435
Diesel 90 1.1 1,035 23,760
LPG 0 0.0 4 118
Subtotal SOLID WASTE DISPOLSAL OPERATIONS 1.5 1,331 30,313
SOLIDWASTE COLL OPERATION
Gasoline 309 3.9 3,632 80,396
Diesel 19 0.2 216 4,966
LPG 0 0.0 6 163
Subtotal50LIDWASTECOLLOPERATION 329 4.2 3,855 85,525
STREET OPERATIONS
Gasoline 143 1.8 1,699 37,594
Biodiesel (B-20) 73 0.9 1,047 24,314
LPG 5 0.1 73 1,945
Subtotal STREET OPERATIONS 221 2.8 2,818 63,853
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 12
Government Greenhouse G as Emissions in 2006
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Ene rgy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
TRAFFIC SIGNS AND MARKERS
Gasoline 12 0.2 139 3,068
Biodiesel (B-20) 1 0.0 16 367
LPG 0 0.0 3 92
Subtotal TRAFFIC SIGNS AND MARKERS 13 0.2 158 3,526
VEHICLE MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS
Gasoline 5 0.1 59 1,316
Diesel 2 0.0 21 489
LPG 0 0.0 5 124
Subtotal VEHICLE MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS 0.1 85 1,929
WASTEWATER OPERATIONS
Gasoline 42 0.5 497 11,008
Diesel 0 0.0 1 29
LPG 0 0.0 1 23
Subtotal WASTEWATER OPERATIONS 43 0.5 499 11,060
WASTEWATER PLANT OPERATE
Gasoline 26 0.3 303 6,713
Diesel 3 0.0 34 789
6~ Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
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LPG 0 0.0 0 12
Subtotal WASTEWATER PLANT OPERATE 29 0.4 338 7,514
WATER OPERATIONS
Gasoline 80 1.0 936 20,712
Diesel 5 0.1 57 1,319
LPG 0 0.0 1 18
Subtotal WATER OPERATIONS 85 1.1 994 22,049
WATER TREATMNT PLANT OPER
Gasoline 20 0.3 234 5,176
Diesel 3 0.0 40 914
Subtotal WATER TREATMNT PLANT OPER 23 0.3 274 6,091
Subtotal Vehicle Fleet 1,543 19.6 18,278 408,656
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 13
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2006
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
Streetlights
Bozeman, Montana
7th-11th Main-Durston-Vill
Electricity 25 0.3 155 17,067
Subtotal 7th-11th Main-Durston-Vill 25 0.3 155 17,067
8th- West City Limits
Electricity 22 0.3 136 7,689
Subtotal 8th- West City Limits 22 0.3 136 7,689
Alley Lamme-Villard
Electricity 1 0.0 7 361
Subtotal Alley Lamme-Villard 1 0.0 7 361
Babcock S 3rd-SSth
Electricity 2 0.0 12 722
Subtotal Babcock S 3rd-SSth 2 0.0 12 722
Beall/Durston Rds
Electricity 3 0.0 20 2,108
Subtotal Beall/Durston Rds 3 0.0 20 2,108
Blackmore Terrace/17th.Durston
Electricity 3 0.0 17 2,919
Subtotal Blackmore Terrace/17th.Durston 0 .0 17 2,919
Cattail 2 Light
Electricity 8 0.1 48 7,476
Subtotal Cattail 2 Light 8 0.1 48 7,476
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 14
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2006
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
Cattail Creek Lights
Electricity 8 0.1 48 14,175
Subtotal Cattail Creek Lights 8 0.1 48 14,175
Cleveland St
Electricity 4 0.1 27 5,446
Subtotal Cleveland St 4 0.1 27 5,446
Cleveland-Lincoln Grand-6th
Electricity 30 0.4 190 21,359
Subtotal Cleveland-Lincoln Grand-6th30 0.4 190 21,359
Durston- Vill & 10-11th
Electricity 2 0.0 10 541
Subtotal Durston- Vill & 10-11th 2 0.0 10 541
Greekway
Electricity 2 0.0 10 541
rte, Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
Subtotal Greekway 2 0.0 10 541
Harvest Creek Lights Ph6-11
Electricity 16 0.2 102 16,122
Subtotal Harvest Creek Lights Ph6-1116 0.2 102 16,122
Laurel Glen Street Lights Phl
Electricity 8 0.1 48 8,469
Subtotal Laurel Glen Street Lights Ph1 0.1 48 8,469
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 15
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2006
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (°~) (MMBtu) ($)
Main - N Ida- N Church
Electricity 14 0.2 85 5,998
Subtotal Main - N Ida- N Church 14 0.2 85 5,998
Main- 4th S 8th Ave
Electricity 10 0.1 66 4,614
Subtotal Main- 4th S 8th Ave 10 0.1 66 4,614
Mendenhall- Church- 3rd
Electricity 13 0.2 79 6,699
Subtotal Mendenhall- Church- 3rd 13 0.2 79 6,699
Morwyn Add # 2
Electricity 1 0.0 3 1,458
Subtotal Morwyn Add # 2 1 0.0 3 1,458
Morwyn Addition #1
Electricity 3 0.0 17 1,284
Subtotal Morwyn Addition #1 3 0.0 17 1,284
N 7th Main-Oak
Electricity 18 0.2 113 8,081
Subtotal N 7th Main-Oak 18 0.2 113 8,081
N Wilson Main to Mendenhall
Electricity 1 0.0 3 378
Subtotal N Wilson Main to Mendenhall 1 0.0 3 378
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 16
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2006
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
S Wilson Main-Cleveland
Electricity 10 0.1 60 11,412
Subtotal S Wilson Main-Cleveland 10 0.1 60 11,412
Valley Unit Sundivision
Electricity 11 0.1 67 11,674
Subtotal Valley Unit Sundivision 11 0.1 67 11,674
West Park Manor 1
Electricity 6 0.1 40 4,545
Subtotal West Park Manor 1 6 0.1 40 4,545
11th/Mendenhall Bouncing Ball Light
Electricity 0 0.0 1 115
Subtotal 11th/Mendenhall Bouncing Ball Light 0.0 1 115
1802 N Rouse
Electricity 1 0.0 3 169
Subtotal 1802 N Rouse 1 0.0 3 169
3925 W Babcock Street Lights
Electricity 5 0.1 29 484
Subtotal 3925 W Babcock Street Lights 5 0.1 29 484
Alder Creek
Electricity 6 0.1 35 7,452
Subtotal Alder Creek 6 0.1 35 7,452
66 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
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This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 17
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2006
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (~) (MMBtu) ($)
Alley off N Tracy
Electricity 5 0.1 28 860
Subtotal Alley off N Tracy 5 0.1 28 860
Alley off S Bozeman
Electricity 3 0.0 20 630
Subtotal Alley off S Bozeman 3 0.0 20 630
Alley off Tracy next to S 23
Electricity 5 0.1 32 893
Subtotal Alley off Tracy next to S 23 5 0.1 32 893
Allison subdivision
Electricity 9 0.1 57 3,920
Subtotal Allison subdivision 9 0.1 57 3,920
Babcock Caution Light
Electricity 0 0.0 1 115
Subtotal Babcock Caution Light 0 0.0 1 115
Baxter Meadows Phase 1
Electricity 7 0.1 44 12,934
Subtotal Baxter Meadows Phase 1 7 0.1 44 12,934
Baxter Meadows Phase 2
Electricity 3 0.0 21 5,525
Subtotal Baxter Meadows Phase 2 3 0.0 21 5,525
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 18
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2006
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
Boz Cronicle Rouse/Babcock
Electricity 0 0.0 2 90
Subtotal Boz Cronicle Rouse/Babcock 0 0.0 2 90
Cattail 3 Light
Electricity 5 0.1 28 4,966
Subtotal Cattail 3 Light 5 0.1 28 4,966
Cooper/Bogert/Kirk/Lindley
Electricity 5 0.1 32 4,778
Subtotal Cooper/Bogert/Kirk/Lindley 5 0.1 32 4,778
Corner EBabcock/ S Rouse
Electricity 3 0.0 18 579
Subtotal Corner EBabcock/ S Rouse 3 0.0 18 579
CornerSolS/Babcock
Electricity 0 0.0 2 90
Subtotal CornerSolS/Babcock 0 0.0 2 90
Durston Road
Electricity 1 0.0 3 127
Subtotal Durston Road 1 0.0 3 127
E Boz Intrchng Trilat Cnt
Electricity 3 0.0 20 548
Subtotal E Boz Intrchng Trilat Cnt 3 0.0 20 548
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 19
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2006
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
67 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
Ferguson Meadows Lighting Distrcit #671
Electricity 26 0.3 162 12,434
Subtotal Ferguson Meadows Lighting Distrcit #671 0.3 162 12,434
Harvest Creek Phase 5 lights
Electricity 2 0.0 13 2,327
Subtotal Harvest Creek Phase 5 lights 2 0.0 13 2,327
Highland/Main Traffic Signal
Electricity 5 0.1 32 793
Subtotal Highland/Main Traffic Signal 5 0.1 32 793
Kagy Blvd
Electricity 23 0.3 142 4,039
Subtotal Kagy Blvd 23 0.3 142 4,039
Main/Harrison
Electricity 33 0.4 208 14,380
Subtotal Main/Harrison 33 0.4 208 14,380
Main/N Bozeman
Electricity 21 0.3 133 8,731
Subtotal Main/N Bozeman 21 0.3 133 8,731
Meagher/Babcock
Electricity 2 0.0 12 0
Subtotal Meagher/Babcock 2 0.0 12 0
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 20
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2006
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
Mendenhall Tracy Parking Lot
Electricity 0 0.0 0 84
Subtotal Mendenhall Tracy Parking Lot 0 0.0 0 84
Mendenhall/Tracy/Black Prking
Electricity 0 0.0 0 94
Subtotal Mendenhall/Tracy/Black Prking0 0.0 0 94
Michael Grove &Villard
Electricity 0 0.0 0 0
Subtotal Michael Grove &Villard 0 0.0 0 0
N 15th &Durston Traffic Signal
Electricity 7 0.1 43 1,282
Subtotal N 15th &Durston Traffic Signal 0.1 43 1,282
N 19th/Main- S side Durston City Owned
Electricity 14 0.2 89 2,716
Subtotal N 19th/Main- 5 side Durston City Owned 0.2 89 2,716
N27&Oak
Electricity 1 0.0 8 524
Subtotal N 27 & Oak 1 0.0 8 524
N Alley Bozeman Btwn Main & Mendenhall
Electricity 4 0.1 26 806
Subtotal N Alley Bozeman Btwn Main & Mendenhall 0.1 26 806
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 21
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2006
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
N Main Alley Grand/Rouse
Electricity 4 0.0 23 1,469
Subtotal N Main Alley Grand/Rouse 4 0.0 23 1,469
NW Corner So 19/Koch
Electricity 1 0.0 3 132
Subtotal NW CornerSo 19/Koch 1 0.0 3 132
6g Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
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Parking Lots
Electricity 2 0.0 12 578
Subtotal Parking Lots 2 0.0 12 578
S 3rd & Graf St Light
Electricity 1 0.0 3 448
Subtotal S 3rd & Graf St Light 1 0.0 3 448
S Black-College-Railway
Electricity 3 0.0 17 1,128
Subtotal SBlack-College-Railway 3 0.0 17 1,128
Scoreboard Softball Complex
Electricity 0 0.0 1 113
Subtotal Scoreboard Softball Complex 0 0.0 1 113
SE Cor Kagy/So 19th
Electricity 1 0.0 3 132
Subtotal SE Cor Kagy/So 19th 1 0.0 3 132
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 22
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2006
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
SE corner WLincoln/So 19th
Electricity 1 0.0 3 169
Subtotal SE corner W Lincoln/So 19th 1 0.0 3 169
SE Side of Intersection Durston/23rd
Electricity 13 0.2 81 0
Subtotal SE Side of Intersection Durston/23rd 0.2 81 0
SID 15th/18th Main-Durston
Electricity 11 0.1 71 12,558
Subtotal SID 15th/18th Main-Durston 11 0.1 71 12,558
St Light Main/Mendenhall
Electricity 1 0.0 4 0
Subtotal St Light Main/Mendenhall 1 0.0 4 0
Thompson Addition #1
Electricity 3 0.0 22 6,396
Subtotal Thompson Addition #1 3 0.0 22 6,396
Traffic Light 19th/Durston
Electricity 6 0.1 40 1,173
Subtotal Traffic Light 19th/Durston 6 0.1 40 1,173
Traffic Signal 19th &Kagy
Electricity 5 0.1 31 939
Subtotal Traffic Signal 19th &Kagy 5 0.1 31 939
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 23
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2006
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
Traffic Signal Kagy/ S 3rd
Electricity 5 0.1 32 776
Subtotal Traffic Signal Kagy/ S 3rd 5 0.1 32 776
Traffic Signal Wilson/Babcock
Electricity 8 0.1 53 1,530
Subtotal Traffic Signal Wilson/Babcock8 0.1 53 1,530
United Commercial Travelers Bldg
Electricity 0 0.0 2 128
Subtotal United Commercial Travelers Bldg 0.0 2 128
Valley West Lights PH 1-3
Electricity 17 0.2 105 19,509
Subtotal Valley West Lights PH 1-3 17 0.2 105 19,509
Valley West Ph 2 Street Lighting
69 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
Electricity 5 0.1 30 5,322
Subtotal Valley West Ph 2 Street Lighting 0.1 30 5,322
Valley West Subdivision Lighting
Electricity 7 0.1 45 6,160
Subtotal Valley West Subdivision Lighting 0.1 45 6,160
Villard/N 7th flashing light
Electricity 0 0.0 1 113
Subtotal Villard/N 7th flashing light 0 0.0 1 113
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 24
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2006
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
W Babcock Park Lights
Electricity 2 0.0 13 1,207
Subtotal W Babcock Park Lights 2 0.0 13 1,207
W Boz Interchng Trilat Cnt
Electricity 4 0.0 23 666
Subtotal W Boz Interchng Trilat Cnt 4 0.0 23 666
Walton Homestead Streetlights
Electricity 8 0.1 49 9,307
Subtotal Walton Homestead Streetlights8 0.1 49 9,307
West Durston Rd Lights
Electricity 12 0.1 73 3,440
Subtotal West Durston Rd Lights 12 0.1 73 3,440
West Winds Subdivision Lighting
Electricity 13 0.2 82 15,380
Subtotal West Winds Subdivision Lighting 0.2 82 15,380
White Oak & Babcock Lights
Electricity 8 0.1 48 0
Subtotal White Oak & Babcock Lights 8 0.1 48 0
Wilson & Olive Traffic Signal
Electricity 1 0.0 7 288
Subtotal Wilson & Olive Traffic Signall 0.0 7 288
This report has been generated for Bozema n, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 25
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2006
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
Wilson/Mendenhall Lights
Electricity 6 0.1 36 886
Subtotal Wilson/Mendenhall Lights 6 0.1 36 886
Subtotal Streetlights 564 7.2 3,525 343,570
Water/Sewage
Bozeman, Montana
Baxter Meadow Lift Station
Electricity 9 0.1 56 1,596
Natural Gas 1 0.0 19 613
Subtotal Baxter Meadow Lift Station 10 0.1 75 2,209
Bonner Ln Water Well
Electricity 2 0.0 14 470
Subtotal Bonner Ln Water Well 2 0.0 14 470
Bridget Lift Station
Electricity 1 0.0 7 277
Subtotal Bridget Lift Station 1 0.0 7 277
Cambridge Dr Pump
Electricity 2 0.0 14 451
Subtotal Cambridge Dr Pump 2 0.0 14 451
7 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
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This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 26
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2006
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (°~) (MMBtu) ($)
City Landfill Cinderblock Pump
Electricity 6 0.1 35 1,133
Subtotal City Landfill Cinderblock Pump 0.1 35 1,133
City Water Well
Electricity 4 0.0 24 0
Subtotal City Water Well 4 0.0 24 0
Landfill New Pump
Electricity 15 0.2 91 2,218
Subtotal Landfill New Pump 15 0.2 91 2,218
Laurel Glenn Lift Station
Electricity 0 0.0 0 45
Natural Gas 0 0.0 0 0
Subtotal Laurel Glenn Lift Station 0 0.0 0 45
Lindley Park Pump
Electricity 9 0.1 54 2,169
Subtotal Lindley Park Pump 9 0.1 54 2,169
Lyman Creek Resevoir
Electricity 46 0.6 289 8,100
Subtotal Lyman Creek Resevoir 46 0.6 289 8,100
Pear Street Booster Station
Electricity 65 0.8 409 11,281
Subtotal Pear Street Booster Station 65 0.8 409 11,281
This report has been generated for Bozema n, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
• 5/26/2008 Page 27
S Government Gre enhouse Gas Emissions in 2006
Detailed Report
• Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
Perkins Place Pump
• Electricity 8 0.1 48 1,420
Subtotal Perkins Place Pump 8 0.1 48 1,420
Rouse &Tamarak Pump
Electricity 5 0.1 30 909
• Subtotal Rouse &Tamarak Pump 5 0.1 30 909
Sprinkler Sys 11th/Main
• Electricity 0 0.0 0 10
Subtotal Sprinkler Sys 11th/Main 0 0.0 0 10
. Waste Water Lift station
Electricity 3 0.0 20 684
Subtotal Waste Water Lift station 3 0.0 20 684
• Water Treatment Plant
Electricity 199 2.5 1,243 33,355
• Natural Gas 251 3.2 4,058 40,205
Subtotal Water Treatment Plant 450 5.7 5,301 73,560
Water Treatment Plant 2
Electricity 22 0.3 135 3,831
! Subtotal Water Treatment Plant 2 22 0.3 135 3,831
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana us ing STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
i 7~ Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
Water Treatment Plant chlorinator bldg
Electricity 0 0.0 2 142
Subtotal Water Treatment Plant chlorinator bldg 0.0 2 142
WTR Building
Electricity 16 0.2 102 0
Subtotal WTR Building 16 0.2 102 0
WWTP
Electricity 1,872 23.8 11,703 258,571
Subtotal WWTP 1,872 23.8 11,703 258,571
WWTP Admin Building
Electricity 1 0.0 4 0
Natural Gas 73 0.9 1,183 13,530
Subtotal WWTP Admin Building 74 0.9 1,187 13,530
WWTP Longbow Lane Lift Station
Electricity 3 0.0 17 35
Natural Gas 1 0.0 14 268
Subtotal WWTP Longbow Lane Lift Station 0.0 31 303
WWTP Maintenance Building
Natural Gas 18 0.2 295 3,280
Subtotal WWTP Maintenance Building 18 0.2 295 3,280
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 29
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2006
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
WWTP Primary Treatment Building
Natural Gas 19 0.2 315 3,332
Subtotal WWTP Primary Treatment Building 0.2 315 3,332
WWTPYard Light Power Pole
Electricity 0 0.0 3 145
Subtotal WWTP Yard Light Power Pole 0 0.0 3 145
Yard Light Sediment Basin House
Electricity 0 0.0 3 161
Subtotal Yard Light Sediment Basin House 0.0 3 161
Subtotal Water/Sewage 2,652 33.7 20,189 388,231
Waste
Bozeman, Montana
Untitled Disposal Method -Managed Landfill
Paper Products -82 -1.0 7,671
Food Waste 16 0.2 2,624
Plant Debris -37 -0.5 2,019
Wood/Textiles -15 -0.2 807
All Other Waste 0 0.0 7,065
Subtotal Untitled -119 -1.5 20,187
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie Smith Associates Inc.
5/26/2008 Page 30
Government Greenhouse Gas Emissions in 2006
Detailed Report
Equiv CO 2 Equiv CO 2 Energy Cost
(tons) (%) (MMBtu) ($)
Subtotal Waste -119 -1.5 20,187
Total 7,866 100.0 79,551 1,674,160
This report has been generated for Bozeman, Montana using STAPPA/ALAPCO and ICLEI's Clean Air and Climate Protection Software
developed by Torrie
Smith Associates Inc.
72 Bozeman Municipal Climate Action Plan June 2008
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