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United States Department of the Interior
National Park Sevice
National Register of Historic Places
Registration Form
This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations of eligibility for individual properties or districts. See instructions in Guidelines
for Completing National Register Forms(National Register Bulletin 16). Complete each item by marking"x" in the appropriate box or by entering
the requested information.It an item does not apply to the property being documented,enter"N/A"for"not applicable."For functions,styles,materials,
and areas of significance, enter only the categories and subcategories listed in the instructions. For additional space use continuation sheets
(Form 10-900a). Type all entries.
1. Name of Property
historic name EiTierson Scno0
other names/site number
2. Location
street & number 11 South Grand Ave. n d LJ not for publication
city, town B man n a vicinity
state code MT count Gallatin code zipcode
3. Classification
Ownership of Property Category of Property Number of Resources within Property
private ®building(s) _ Contributing Noncontributing
®public-local ❑district 1 buildings
❑public-State [�site = sites
public-Federal ❑structure _ structures
❑object objects
1 Total . -
Name of rglated multiple prope listing Number of contributing resources previously
Historic Resources OF eAan, Montana listed in the National Register � R
4. StatelFederal A enc Certification
As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this
®nomination ❑request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the
National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60.
In my opinion, the property El meets❑does not meet the National Register criteria. ❑See continuation sheet.
-.0 5
to
Signature of certifying official
State or Federal agency and bureau
In my opinion, the property C7meets ❑does not meet the National Register criteria.❑See continuation sheet.
Date
Signature of commenting or other official
State or Federal agency and bureau
5. National Park Service Certification
I, hereby, certify that this property is:
❑entered in the National Register.
❑See continuation sheet. -
❑determined eligible for the National
Register. ❑See continuation sheet. _
❑determined not eligible for the
National Register. -
removed from the National Register.
❑other, (explain-.) _
Signature of the Beeper Date of Action
NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approval No. 1024--0018
(8-86)
United States Department of the Interior
National. Park Service
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
CONTINUATION SHEET
Section number 7 Emerson School Page 2
which were imported from-France Yin-1913 ,rremain in place . Also, the 742
laminated wooden chairs .with upholstered seats and rolled hardwood arms
are original to the building. The seats all fold up and each has a wire
hat holder attached to its underside. The rows are set on shallow hardwoc
risers and the floor slopes gently toward the stage. The aisle seats
feature side panels with painted cast iron monograms exhibiting the letter
"EJH.," The balcony seats 107 persons and is equipped with the original
motion picture projection booth. There is also a platform above the
balcony for a small band to sit and perform; and this is in addition to
the orchestra pit just in front of the stage.
The proscenium arch is set off with Gothic blind tracery made of molded
plaster. The stage is approximately 28 feet deep and 32 feet across and
has a hardwood floor . A row of incandescent floor lights are recessed int
the floor of the stage. Boys ' and girls ` dressing rooms are located in
the basement down narrow spiral stairs .
The plaster walls of the auditorium are scored to represent cut stone and
divided by pilasters as well as two complete Greek columns with Ionic
capitals. There are four ceiling beams supported by brackets running
across the auditorium as well as a half beam at the proscenium wall.
Contemporary rectangular sound-proofing tiles have been mounted to the
ceiling , and flush-mounted florescent lights have also been attached to t:
ceiling. Aside from these alterations, the original Emerson auditorium is
remarkably unchanged.
A sunken gymnasium takes up nearly the entire north side of the original
building. The space is spanned with steel I-beams held up by nine pillar
The original pressed-tin ceiling plates , which have a decorative embossed
pattern, remain in place. The actual playing floor is also original with
two rounded corners on both the east and west corners of the spectator
area , which circles the court. Originally, there were also bleachers in
the northwest corner. The iron hand rail is also an original and extends
around the viewing area except for breaks which allow the steps which bri:
the players up and down from the playing area. Girls ' and boys ' shower a!-
locker areas in the west end of the gym were replaced by the hot lunch
kitchen, and one set of showers and lockers still exists directly beneath
this area and in the basement. There have been very few alterations to t`.
gymnasium with the one exception of the wood veneer paneling which runs
between the floor of the playing court and the surrounding viewing area.
The 70-inch wide stairwells are located at the northeast and southeast
corners of the auditorium. Two narrower stairways (with no turnarounds )
are found at the two western corners of the building . The eastern pair o-
stairways both have vertical wood paneling which serves as wainscotting a:=
which rises to the original oak hand rail . These serve simultaneously as
balusters for the ascending stairway and as a protective railing. This
tips Form 10-90-0-4 --- - 0MB Approval No. 1024--0018
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
OONT 32iUATION SHEET
Section number 7 Emerson School Page 1
the primary entrances,-and-a-multi-light fanlight is set above the double
wooden doors .
Original building plans drawn by architect Fred Willson for the Emerson
School show a square floor plan that accommodates a central auditorium,,
which is surrounded by classrooms and office space , and a sunken gymnasium.
The school has a full basement, containing a boiler heating system,
separate storage roans for coal , wood and ashes. The first floor entrance
foyer is located to the east and the sunken gymnasium is located to the
west. The first floor also contains the superintendent's office , the
school board meeting room, an office and two classrooms. The entire east
wing , built in 1939 , was originally designed as a manual arts training
facility. This collection of rooms includes a concrete room, a lumber
storage roam, a saw room , a finishing room , and a drafting room. There is
also a spacious manual training classroom for group lessons located on the
south side of the building.
On the second story there are fifteen more classrooms, including a music
room and an art room. All of the classrooms contained enclosed coat
closets. The principal 's office was also located on this floor as well as
the teachers ' lounge. Directly above the 1939 manual arts wing located on
the first floor , Willson designed a home economics wing. This included a
sewing room, a dining room, a bedroom, and a kitchen. Directly over the
entrance foyer, he located the main assembly hall which has now been
converted to the school library.
The entrance foyer on the east side retains a high degree of architectural
integrity. The original quarter-sawn oak doors fitted with push plates
remain in place , and above each door is a transom with four vertically
divided lights set within a segmental arch opening. The interior walls
are covered with buff brick to the level of the interior door transoms, and
this brick veneer continues around the doors and windows and is capped with
'a soldier course. The upper portions of the walls are finished with
plaster and a plaster cornice encircles the room. A small window with a
decorative iron grill work was used as a ticket office for public events
staged in the Emerson auditorium.
A second set of double doors on the south elevation leads to the central
north-south hallway. The walls of the interior halls are plastered with
chair rail wooden molding approximately two feet off the floor . The
segmental arch motif -is continued above the classroom doors and above the
wide entrances to adjoining hallways. The cornice pattern of the entrance
foyer is repeated throughout the first floor hallways.
Accessed by two sets of wooden double doors , the auditorium is a large ,
two-story volume. The original globular white leaded glass chandeliers,
G . Function or Use
Historic : school.
Current . School
7. Description
Architectural Classification: ^Neo-Gothic Revival
Materials: foundation: concrete roof : metal sheeting
walls : brick other: limestone
Describe present and historic physical. appearance . (See continuation
sheet. )
Emerson School is located on a two--block-square site bounded by Grand Ave.
and Fourth St. and Babcock St.. and Olive St. situated directly north of th
early 20th century homes of the Bon Ton Historic District. To the
northwest across Babcock St. is the Willson Middle School (1939) and the
original Gallatin County High School (1902) , both of which are listed in
the National Register.
Emerson School is a two-story brick building, which was designed to house
elementary and junior high school grades and is currently being used as a
K-4th grade elementary school . The original portion of the building has a
square floor plan, concrete foundation, a flat built--up roof with a smalle
gable roof located directly in the center. The smokestack has been cut
down considerably after the conversion of the furnace from burning coal an
wood to natural gas. In 1939 , a two-story wing was constructed on the wes
elevation of the school to house the manual arts and domestic science
classrooms. This addition is highly compatible with the original building
in terms of design as well as use of materials.
The exterior walls of the school are of raked, earth toned brick set in
common bond. The walls are relieved by regularly placed large windows wit
limestone sills. Carved limestone was also used as coping for the
slightly crenelated parapet, for belt courses at the second floor and firs
floor sill levels , and for decorative detailing and quoining surrounding
the segmental arched entrances. The doorways and windows are all set
within deep reveals. The windows throughout the building were replaced
during the mid-1980s with anodized aluminum units that partially block the
original openings and do not correspond with the sash pattern of the
historic windows. The original windows were double hung, six-over-six or
four-aver-four -units. The alteration to the windows is the only major
architectural change that has occurred to the Emerson School. The level c
decorative detailing exhibited on the exterior of the school helps to
minimize the impact of the window replacement.
The main entrances to the school are especially noteworthy . The primary
entrance on the east elevation facing Grand Ave. protrudes slightly from
the building and is composed of three doorways finished with carved
limestone architraves marking each of the three sets of double wooden
doorways. The name "Emerson" is inscribed in a stone panel set above the
central archway. A carved stone shield with 111918" is set in the center
the parapet on the front facade above "Emerson" and is fitted with a flag
pole holder. The north entrance features decorative detailing similar to
UPS Torm 10-9C -a OMB Approval 11.7o_ 1024--0013
(8-86) -
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
CDNTINUATION SHEET
Section number 7 Emerson School Page 3
taller railing (not the oak hand rail) has a decorative scroll-cut motif
which can be seen around all the second floor stairways. This railing is
all painted woodwork now.
The hallways of the second floor .feature continuous 42--inch wainscotting,
and the door frames are original with molded and painted door frames. The
principle two alterations are the addition of acoustic tiles on the
ceiling and flush-mounted florescent lighting. The second floor classrooms
contain a number of original features. All of the classrooms have small
teacher ante-rooms which historically were used for storage and small
group academic work . There are a number of . original built-in cabinets for
bookshelf area and at least one example of leaded--glass windows on the
bookshelf doors. The hardwood and softwood floors throughout the
classrooms and the hallways are well preserved, although some of these
areas are now covered with carpeting.
The west addition, which was built using PWA funding during the late 1930s ,
was built using brick that complements the original 1918 building.
Completed in 1939 , the windows were all located at the exact same height
and with the same dimensions as those in the original building. The
soldier courses were also continued across the brickwork of the new
addition.
The one added feature of the PWA entrance is the limestone frieze above
the doorway. The final design represents three young students, one female
and two male, practicing reading, math and music. It is interesting that
this was a departure from the original drawing which had the third student
counting on his fingers instead of playing_ music. Apparently, someone saw
the original drawings and expressed concern to the architect that none of
the arts had been represented in this frieze so the alteration was made to
reflect a broader curriculum. Underneath and set just inside the door,
Willson allowed for a small vestibule just inside the outer doors , just as
he had in the original building's doorways.
8. Statement of Significance - -
Certifying official has considered the significance of this property in
relation to other properties : _ locally
Applicable National Register Criteria: A, C
Criteria Considerations (Exceptions) : n/a
Areas of Significance : Education
Architecture
Period of Significance : 191_8-1940
Significant Dates: -1918, 1939
Significant Person (s) : n/a
Cultural Affiliation: n/a
Architect/Builder: Henry J. Hamill (builder)
Fred Willson (architect)
State significance of property, and justify criteria, criteria
considerations, and areas and periods of sianificance noted above.
(See continuation sheet. )
The Emerson School represents the tremendous early 20th century expansion
of Bozeman, Montana, and the resultant modernization of the city
facilities to meet the needs of the growing population. Located on a
block that has served as the center of public educational activities since
the construction of the community' s first brick school in 1877, the Emerson
School is the third in a succession of school buildings designed to serve
the needs of elementary age students at that location. While all other
school buildings in the city, which were also named after famous writers ,
were replaced with the financial assistance of the WPA and PWA programs
during the 1930s , the Emerson School was spared because it was too new and
modern at that time to warrant replacement. Instead , the Emerson School
received an addition during this era to house the new manual arts and
domestic science classrooms.
Emerson School is an excellent example of the Neo-Gothic Revival style,
which was commonly employed in the design of early 20th century public
buildings . The Gothic style limestone ornament surrounding the triple
entrance on the east elevation is of special note. The integrity of the
property has been faithfully maintained due to careful upkeep and
maintenance of the original design and materials. The building gains
additional architectural significance due to its association with Bozeman' s
premier architect of the early 20th Century, Fred F. Willson, who designed
both the original 1918 building as well as the 1939 addition to the west.
For over 50 years , Fred F. Willson served as Bozema n 's premier architect.
He was responsible for the design of most of the city ' s major civic,
commercial and residential buildings , including the Gallatin County
Courthouse , the Baxter Hotel , the Ellen Theater , the Blackstone Apartments ,
most of the city' s schools, and a number of residences for prominent
citizens. Born in 1877 , Fred F. Willson was the son of General Lester
Willson, an early settler to Montana. He received formal architectural
training at Columbia University and_ he returned to work in the Gallatin
Valley by the late 1890s. More than any other individual, Willson had a
significant impact upon the present appearance of this small southwestern
Montana city.
NPS Form 10-900-a OMB Approvai No. 1024-0018
(8-86)
United States-Department of the _Interior
National Park Service
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
CONTINUATION SHEET
Section number 8 . Emerson School Page 1
Historical Background
The town of Bozeman, Montana, was founded in 1864. Located at the base of
the Bridger Mountains in the fertile Gallatin Valley and well watered by
numerous spring creeks as well as three prominent rivers running through
the valley (Gallatin, Madison and Jefferson) , Bozeman was to become an
important commercial supply depot for the nearby gold fields of Virginia
City and Bannack. It would also- become the future home of Montana State
University, the state agricultural land grant college. Bozeman would in
time develop into the major cultural and economic bastion of southwestern
Montana.
In December of 1877, the first permanent public-school was completed in
Bozeman for the cost of $15 ,000. This school building was built upon or
very near the site of the present Emerson School and was called west Side
School. It was located according to the original description "out of town,
west, on a little hill. " According to Dr. Merrill G. Burlingame, noted
local historian and longtime professor of history at Montana State
University , "an altercation arose in the columns of competing newspapers
over the strength of this structure which did not die down until the
building was securely trussed with strong iron rods. " This two-story, L-
shaped structure wrapped around a bell tower capped with an Italianate-
style turret. Designed as an elementary school , it would also offer some
of the county's high school courses until an officially designated high
school could be built. Dr. Burlingame notes that the drop-out rate was
high and that the first class of two students graduated in 1883 . Due to
constant repairs and complaints about safety, the original West Side School
was torn down in 1892.
A new school was erected in a more central location on the two-city-block-
square site. This new 16-room building was also called West Side School,
but it would later be named Irving School. George Hancock was the
architect who also designed such notable historic Bozeman buildings as the
Bozeman Hotel and the Episcopal Church, both Listed in the National
Register of Historic Places_
This second school (West Side School alias Irving School) finally came to
be recognized by the community of Bozeman as City High School. A much
grander structure than its predecessor , it was a Romanesque two-story
institution featuring a series of arched windows on the main floor,
variegated brick styles, a rounded turret on the east end capped with a
cone and several gables protruding from the root. The primary entrance
came up a series of stone steps through a rounded double doorway at the
base of a five-story bell tower. The tower was . framed by two smaller
turrets attached to the east and the west wings of the school. This new
high school would eventually be pressed into service as the temporary home
NPS Form 10-900-a 0143 Approval No. 1024-0018
(8-8G)
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service
NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES
CONTINUATION SHEET
Section number 8 Emerson School. Page 2
of- the-first. Montana State�Agricultural -College students. It was also the
alma mater of Fred F. Willson, the future architect of the nominated
prope rty.
In 1905 , the schools of Bozeman were renamed after prominent American
authors. The City High School (alias West Side School) became the Irving
School . This school survived thirteen more years and then was torn down
in 1918, again because of structural concerns as with its predecessor. Its
brick was used to fill in the foundation hole. -Later that year,
construction was begun on Emerson Junior High School. Emerson School was
completed in 1920 for $93 ,000 .
Bozeman experienced a burst of population growth and a subsequent Flurry of
construction of new schools in the mid-1930s. The school board decided to
add a primary wing (grades kindergarten through sixth grade) to Emerson
School. In an obvious attempt to harmonize the new construction with the
original building, Fred F. Willson was again retained as the architect.
Funding was obtained through the Public Works Administration (PWA) ; and in
1939 the two-story brick addition was completed on the northwest corner.
Willson took great care to use some parallel design principles so that
there is a sense of uniformity between the original building and the
primary wing.
Until 1951, the Emerson School playground was a weed-filled field. A man
named Les Edens would bring his two horse-drawn mowers to the school each
fall and cut the weeds . The school board decided that grass was necessary
for the students, although the community apparently felt that the idea of a
lawn was an unnecessary improvement and a waste of the taxpayers ' money.
The playground was plowed up, leveled and seeded. By the late 1970s,
however , portions of the playground had sunk as the result of settling of
demolition debris from the old City High School that was originally located
on this part of the block. The schoolyard was refilled and replanted.
9. Major Bibliographical References
Burl ingame, -Merrill C. , "Gal latirl County' s Heritage _ A report ot: Pr o,jruss ,
1305-1976, Gallatin County Bicentennial Production , 1976.Jacobsen, Sharon, ,Some History of Emerson," compJTed for the Bozei,,,.an Centennial
Celebration, 1983.
Wessel , Veris A. " A Brief History of the Bozeman Schools," compiled for Dr. Merrill
Burlingame, 1963.
[]See continuation sheet
Previous documentation on file (NPS):
Q preliminary determination of individual listing (36 GFR 67) Primary location of additional data:
has been requested TI State historic preservation office
previously listed in the National Register Q Other State agency
❑previously determined eligible by the National Register ❑Federal agency
❑designated a National Historic Landmark Q Local government
❑recorded by Historic American Buildings ❑University
Survey # Q Other
❑recorded by Historic American Engineering Specify repository:
Record # ----
1 Q. Geographical Data
Acreage of property approx. 4 acres
UTM R ferences
A 11121 1419, 6191 2 0 1 51 01 5, 81 1,-0, 01 _13 J
Zone Easting Northing Zone Easting Northing
C V.-J l r l i_�J D 1. I l i I i i 1 I r 1 11 i i
QSee continuation sheet
Verbal Boundary Description
Rouses Third Addition to the City of Bozeman, lots k-292 and K--303; and Alderson's
Lots (addition to the city of Bozeman) including all of block C.
The property is bounded by S. grand Ave, to the east, Olive St. to the south, Fourth
St. .to the west and Babcock St. to the north.
See continuation sheet
Boundary Justification
The nominated property includes the lots upon which the Emerson School and"playground
are located.
❑See continuation sheet
11. Form Prepared B
name/title date
organization 4Qh-5f3F_33�1
telephone
street & number P n R x 640 _
city or townstate UaD any _zip code �.�
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ST `J m ❑1�!I = Emerson School
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4 sT a m 's� I Bozeman, MT
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