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HomeMy WebLinkAboutBozemanLindleyPlaceHD NPS rem 16006a - - CUD Approval ma 1074-007i United States Department of the Interior National Park Service -)National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sleet A 6,q q5 7 8 56 Lindley Place Historic District Section number _Page Historic Name: Lindley Place Historic District Location: 200-330 Lindley Place Bozeman, Montana (030) Gallatin County (031) Classification: Historic District private ownership -- - - - public acquisition: n/a occupied restricted access residential use t Ownership: multiple Location of Legal Description: Gallatin County Courthouse, Main Street, Bozeman, „ Montana Representation in Existing Surveys: Historic Resource Survey of Bozeman, Montana, 1982 -- 1986, sponsored by the Bozeman City-County Planning Office. Depository of Survey Records: Montana State Historic Preservation Office -- — - - - 102 S. Broadway, Helena,- Mr PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Lindley Place Historic District Contributing buildings: 26 Non-contributing buildings: 8 The Lindley Place Historic District consists of a dense, very cohesive grouping of late 19th and early 20th century vernacular houses that line both sides of Lindley Place, an isolated, two block long street that has no cross street, located at the eastern edge of the city's residential grid. In addition, three simple Bungalows on the north side of Olive Street terminate the north end of the district. - Behind the lots on the east side of Lindley Place flows Bozeman Creek. East of that is the broad, open space of Bogert Park. There are 34 primary structures in the district, of which only eight are non-contributing. Of this eight,' one has historical significance but has been altered in appearance and four do make a positive contribution to the overall character of the streetscape. while some houses have lost a degree of historic architectural integrity due to alterations such as application of non-original siding or removal of original features such as porches, the district in general is characterized by a high level of architectural significance. _The large brick house built by Joseph Lindley at the head of Lindley Place serves as a visual anchor for the street, and is quite visible to traffic passing the district along Olive Street. a��AgS/7 ----' CUB AAWftdki Me 102 NP8 Foam 10-900+ - - - --— -- --- - - - - United States Department of the Interior National Park Service )National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sleet Lindley Place Historic District Section number 8 -Page 57 - At least ten houses date from the 1880's, two of which are small "shotgun" workers' houses. of those, 211 Lindley retains its original. 6/6 sash windows. Another, 301 Lindley, a one-and-one-half-story, gable front house with a recessed ell, displays elements of the Italianate style such as peaked lintel boards, round headed, glazed door panels, and a paneled, one story, gable front bay window. The Queen Anne style is well represented in the district by two houses: 218 Lindley, a simple gable front house fronted by a very ornate porch of the style, and 317 Lindley, a large clapboard house characterized by rambling, irregular massing, and replete with elaborate shingle work, sunburst motifs, and other ornamentation. Perhaps the most striking architectural features of the district, however, are five aesthetically similar, boldly executed Bungalows built by local early 20th century carpenter, J.A. Mimmack. Four of them occur in pairs: 208 and 212 Lindley at the north, which were virtually identical before the replacement of the massive porch of 212 Lindley last summer, and 326 and 330 Lindley at the south end. The ever-audible sound of Bozeman Creek, as well as amenities such as regularly spaced shade trees, concrete sidewalks imprinted with "Lindley Place - 1906" at the corners and "Charles Backes" in front of 218 Lindley, and a cast iron hitching post in the form of a horse head in front of 202 Lindley, together augment the unique, cohesive character of this small residential historic district. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANT: Lindley Place Historic District Period of Significance: 1880-1922 Areas of Significance: settlement, architecture The Lindley Place Historic District, like the nearby South Tracy - South Black Historic District, contains many of the oldest, best preserved houses in the city'. -The district is especially notable for its small scale, its high density, and its high degree of overall integrity - attributes which probably have been preserved, in part, due to the isolation of this district. While the district had been developed in large measure, by the late 18901s, as shown on the 1898 Bird's Eye View, it is equally significant for its several fine examples of late 19th and early 20th century architecture. Of special note are 301 Lindley, a well preserved house with Italianate style detailing, the large, Queen Anne style Highsmith House at 317 Lindley, the large brick Lindley house at 202 Lindley, and the five Bungalows built by local carpenter J. H. Mimmack: 208, 212, 306, 326 and 330 Lindley. Lindley Place, and the land to either side of it, was platted in 1880 as "Lindley and Guy's Addition. " With the long-awaited Northern Pacific Railroad finally near completion, new additions such as this were surveyed in anticipation of the r growth the railroad would trigger. In the hopes of supplying the material for �67 _ _ a►,a {garord lw iwaoou - United States Department of the Interior National Park Service ~National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Lindley Place Historic District Section number 8 Page the expected building boom, Lindley and Guy, themselves, may have established the lumber planing operation, which is shown occupying the northwest section of the district adjacent to Bozeman Creek in the 1883 bird's eye view. In that etching, several lots are shown covered by numerous neat, house-sized stacks of sawn lumber. A large, long building shown in the view standing near the creek, on the edge of E. olive Street, was probably the planing mill. According to Alderson's walking tour of the city of 1883, there were also two other larger planing mills nearby: the Aylesworth & Edsall mill on Mill Creek to the east, and the Koch & Koch steam planing mill, which was 'one of BTeman's prominent manufacturing institutions, " located on S. Church Street. " The lumber stored on Lindley Street, as Lindley Place was called in 1883, may have been associated with the Koch & Koch Mill, but was more likely a separate operation. Across the street from the site of that lumber yard today stand two small "shotgun" worker houses, 207 and 211 Lindley, which correspond to two of the three small houses shown on the site in the bird's eye view. Both were probably built to house workers at the yard, and, if so, would therefore be the only buildings still standing in Bozeman associated with the city's 19th century lumber industry. The latter of the two, 211 Lindley, is quite well preserved overall, and even retains its original 6/6 sash windows, which are a testament to the age of the structure. By the mid-1880 's Lindley Place had begun to take on the appearance of a residential street, with Joseph M. Lindley, namesake of the street, building one of the first houses. Although his first house, an I--House set far back on the lot, behind the present site of 201 Lindley, no longer exists, several others built about that time do remain. Three of them are: 301 Lindley, a well preserved house with Italianate style detailing built about 1886; 218 Lindley, a gable front house which retains an ornate Queen Anne style porch; and 305 Lindley, a one-story house built by a: carpenter, John Ingram. Unlike other areas of the city, this district does not clearly reflect the fluctuations of the city's 19th century economy. - Due to the small size of the district, however, this characteristic is probably coincidental, and not of notable significance. As the development associated with the railroad subsided in the late 1880's, the city entered a decade marked by economic depression, know as the panic of 1893, during which the quantity of buildings constructed throughout the city diminished sharply. A limited number of modest houses did continue to be built however, some of them in this district. The other buildings erected during the 1890's, such as the Hotel Bozeman (321 E. Main) , were very -1 Alderson, Matt W. �` a ";�� t It P of R � 41�, March, 1883, Montana State University, Special Collections. c?q6�q q57 UPS Fam laooa• OWS Appo.dNo 1024=8 la.aal United States Department of the interior - National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 59 - Lindley Place Historic District ambitious, perhaps excessively so for Bozeman, and were part of the city's conscious effort to modernize, which was aimed at winning the designation of state capital. Lindley Place developed steadily throughout the _1880's and 1890's as a modest residential area, occupied largely by eastern emigrants who sought their fortune in Montana. - These transplants often brought with them few skills, and pursued diverse occupations. Joseph Lindley for example, had various occupations between about 1 890 and 1910, listed in city directories as: real estate, insurance, conveyancing, notary public, U.S. pension agent, and concrete block manufacturer. By 1892, Lindley had apparently met substantial success, and built for himself a large brick house across the street from his pr&vious one, at 202 Lindley. It is fitting that Lindley would have built the most prominent house in the district, at the head of the street that bears his name. Like Lindley, Charles A. Backes, who came to Montana in 1892 from New York, pursued a diversity of occupations between his arrival at the turn of the century, making a living as a saloon keeper, grocer, farmer, and rancher. Backes lived in 218 Lindley during that time, but was probably not the original occupant. Albert E. Davidson came to Montana in 1887 and may have been the original occupant of 309 Lindley. Another opportunist to live in this district, Davidson was at various times between 1892 and 1916 the superintendent of the city water works, proprietor of a bowling alley, and an electrician. John - C. Robertson, a Canadian who arrived in about I M, served as .Bozeman's City Marshal and Chief of Police for about two decades, and was also a carpenter. He probably built his two residences in the district, 323 Lindley, a simple, c. 1890 vernacular Queen Anne, and 303 E. Olive, a simple, 1922 Bungalow. Unlike his neighbors, George W. Highsmith possessed specialized skills when he arrived in Bozeman in 1 879 from Illinois. Highsmith was a blacksmith who became so prominent within just a few years that he, with partners, in 1882 bought out Frank Harper, then the leading blacksmith in town (Harper's brick, 1873 blacksmith shop still stands at 235 E. Main) . Highsmith's biography was included in Leeson's 1885 History Qf Montana, and in about 1890, he built a large ornate house in the district, 317 Lindley, which appears to have been elaborated upon by subsequent owners. The 19th century development of this small district is perhaps atypical of that of the city as a whole because there exists an unusual number of houses that date from the 1890 's. However, the early 20th century development on Lindley Place is very typical of that period throughout the city. Following the depression of the 1890's, the city embarked upon a period of extensive growth, economic diversification, and the consequent construction of new modest residences, many built speculatively, often several at a time, by local architect/builders. Bungalow style houses from this period account for about one-third of all the houses in the district. Five particularly striking examples, 208, 212, 306, 326 NPf form 16eoo9 - - - — --- -- -• - - --. -- _. ... ..- - - (� I Y! / CW Appfo.M No ! ?s-MIS United States Department of the Interior -- National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 60 Lindley Place Historic District and 330 Lindley, are very similar to one another, all having been built during the 1910's by J.H. Mimmack. Mimmack himself occupied 212 Lindley. Bozeman's early 20th century growth was due in part to its increasing role as the economic and cultural hub of the Gallatin Valley. This role was augmented in 1909 by the Gallatin Valley Electric Railway, which linked several outlying communities with Bozeman. Henry T. Voyer, an electrician for the Electric Railway, built a house in this district at 227 E. Olive in 1912. His neighbor, who built another simple Bungalow at 219 Lindley about four years later, was Martin J. Plumb, a plumber in the firm, Plumb & Lundwall. This firm, and the D.H. Budd Co. , were the two leading plumbing businesses in Bozeman. Both kept very busy installing plumbing for the large number of new houses being built in - the city, as well as connecting the older houses to the city's sewer system, which was constructed during the first decade of the 20th century. One of the prominent industries to spring up after the turn of the century in Bozeman was the nearby Bozeman Canning Co. , located on S. Wallace Ave. , which canned Gallatin Valley produce such as peas and potatoes. At least one resident of this district worked at the Canning Co. , Lawrence G. Rent, who lived in one of Mimmack's houses in 1927 and probably earlier, 208 Lindley. Non-contributing buildings in the district are few, and none are major detractions. ,. In general, the district is an excellent cross-section of Bozeman's working class and middle class residential architecture, which can be appreciated in a context that has changed relatively little since the early 1920's, when the last of Mimmack's houses were completed. BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION AND JUSTIFICATION: The Lindley Place Historic District includes all of the buildings on this short, one block long street, as well as the residences on E. Olive Street that are . oriented toward Lindley Place. The eastern boundary for the district is Bozeman Creek; the southern boundary is Koch Street; the western boundary is the alley between Lindley Place and S. Bozeman Avenue; and the northern boundary runs behind the houses on E. Olive Street to include lots 4-6 of block 7, the south half of tract A, and lots 1-2 of tract H, all of Guy's First Addition. UTM REFERENCES: - ACREAGE: approximately 12 acres M: 12/497550/5058100 N: 12/497550/5057700 0: 12/497400/5057700 P: 12/497400/5058100 _ UPS Farm 10-M4 Omit Na 1OZZ 1 " United States Department of the Interior _ National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Section number 8 Page 61 Lindley Place Historic District Lindley Place Historic District uilder AddreU a= at-y1 e Architect t ecrt 201 Lindley Place Lindley House Vernacular/ c.1904 contributing Queen Anne 202 Lindley Place Lindley House Vernacular C. 1882 primary 207 Lindley Place Vernacular c. 1 883 non-contributing 208 Lindley Place Bungalow J.H. Mimmack C. 1919 contributing 211 Lindley Place Vernacular C. 1880 contributing 212 Lindley Place Mimmack House Bungalow J.H. Mimmack d.1919 contributing 213 Lindley Place Dier/Thorpe Vernacular 1891-1900 non-contributing House 216 Lindley Place Christie House _ 1947 non-contributing 217 Lindley Place Bungalow c.1919 contributing 218 Lindley Place - Vernacular/ c.1 886 contributing Queen Anne ;-)221 Lindley Place Vernacular 1891-1898 contributing 225 Lindley Place -- - Vernacular 1891-1898 non-contributing 226 Lindley Place Vernacular 1898-1904 contributing 301 Lindley Place Vernacular/ c.1 886 primary Italianate - 302 Lindley Place Vernacular 1891-1898 contributing 305 Lindley Place Ingram House Vernacular John Ingram - c.l 885 contributing 306 Lindley Place - Bungalow J.H. Mimmack c.1919/ contributing c.1940 309 Lindley Place Vernacular c,1 886/ contributing c.1930 316 Lindley Place Vaille House Vernacular c,l 890 non-contributing 317 Lindley Place Highsmith Queen Anne c.1 888/ primary House c.1900 320 Lindley Place _Allen Apts. Vernacular Jack Allen 1979 non-contributing 322 Lindley Place :-_ -. - .r-; Remodeled - ' c.1913/ non-contributing ._ 323 Lindley Place Robertton Vernacular/ John Robertson c.1890 contributing House Queen Anne 326 Lindley Place Bungalow J.H. Mimmack c. 1913 primary 329 Lindley Place Vernacular 1891-1898 contributing 330 Lindley Place - Bungalow J.H. Mimmack c.1913 primary 213 E. Olive Vernacular c.l 889 contributing 218 E. Olive Vernacular c.1 889 contributing J19 E. Olive Plumb House Bungalow c.1916 contributing 223 E. Olive - - Vernacular _ - c.1911 _contributing 227 E. Olive Voyer House Bungalow - c.1912 contributing Has Form taooQa - - ' (peel United States Department of the interior - - National Park Service s National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Lindley Place Historic District Section number 8 Page 62 -_ 310 E. olive Vernacular 1940 - non-contributing 303 E. olive Robertson Bungalow c.1922 contributing House 307 E. olive Bungalow 1922 primary r LINDLEY PLACE THSTORIC DISTRICT ' Bozeman, MT --- _ �, EM _ i5'JN Iz _—� vs +t FEDERAL ,Ls' I t LBUiLDING��` __.......� t�rsSTPEEI J 4 - Li ' y S T kE_F T "--- J 1' — •- �� -- — >- 6nGFRT O Y1 s PARK STREET _ K _ - f •7 STREET _ ASTFty STREET—LU -- STR U Q J EE Ta LONG EL no STREET I e • TREET _ (" R 4 I ___ STREET VELAND 4 �,TAc rT Red: Primary Orange: Contributing rl-,�pn: Par1, Iw: • � � M• lei r ' ti�• ��:;'S r C�� �.' J'y ..��• •a1�4 "L'it, IS.. 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