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Home My WebLink AboutBozemanBreweryHD t-':Mt'S t ut�tOOSA� - - - - _ - GtifF1 Awp .w Nu r(oi,r.tA WWI --United States Department of the Interior National Park Service - National Register of Historic Places Q Continuation Sheet �&)fi 5� - Bozeman Brewery Historic District Section number 8 Page 20 Historic Name: Bozeman Brewery Historic district Common Name: Lehrkind Brewery Complex - - Location: 700-800 blocks of North Wallace Ave. Classification: Historic District - - private ownership public acquisition: n/a - - occupied -- — - - restricted access residential and commercial use Ownership: Multiple Location of Legal Description: Gallatin County Courthouse, Main Street, Bozeman, Montana Representation in Existing Surveys: Historic Resource Survey of Bozeman, Montana, 1982-1985, sponsored by the Bozeman City-County Planning Office. Repository of Survey Records: Montana State Historic Preservation Office, 102 Broadway, Helena, Montana. ._-.PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Bozeman Brewery Historic District - Contributing structures: 5 Non-contributing structures: 0 The Bozeman Brewery Historic District is composed of five historic buildings that are directly associated with the Julius Lehrkind family and the family-owned and -operated Bozeman Brewery business. The remains of the brewery, a four-story brick structure, stand at the north end of the district. Across the street is the one-story, brick bottling plant. To the south of these two industrial buildings is the Lehrkind family compound, consisting of the large, Queen Anne style Julius Lehrkind House, and the more modest houses of Henry Lehrkind and - --Edwin Lehrkind, which were built a decade later, The district is located in the northeastern corner of the city near the Northern Pacific Railroad depot. The Bozeman Brewery building, built in 1895 at 803 N. Wallace, was the largest i building in Bozeman until the construction of the Montana State University Field House in 1957, Since the closure of the brewery after the passage of prohibition in Montana in 1919, the three-bay, eastern portion of the building with the attached malting house has been demolished, and new entrances have been cut into the remaining bays. The present facade of the brewery building is asymmetrical and consists of an off-center entrance bay with three flanking, vertically fenestrated divisions to the south and five unfenestrated divisions to the north. The tall, round-arched window openings have cut sandstone sills and wood frame, double- or triple-hung, one-over-one sash. The exterior brick and concrete -. NPS iann P40r1• - United States Department of the Interior -----National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Bozeman Brewery Historic District Section number 8 Page ____21 bearing wall construction features 18" walls set on a rubblestone foundation, which was laid on a 2-foot bed of washed sand. The sand improved drainage and may have acted to cushion the building from the reverberations of the 1959 earthquake. Three water wells were dug beneath the brewery, one to a depth of 2001 . . Approximately 12,000 square feet of the brewery building was devoted to refrigeration rooms. The floors and walls of the refrigeration rooms have 7"-8" of cork sandwiched between layers of concrete. At present, four York compressors, which were installed in 1917, are still in place, although not operational. A tall parapet with a semi-circular nameplate reading: "Julius Lehrkind, 1895, Genuine Lager Brewery" has been removed from the building and the corbelled cornice is now level and finished with metal coping. The roof is flat and has four, large skylights. In 1948, a two-story addition was constructed in the place of the malt house by Haynes, Incorporated for use as a photographic studio, gallery, and museum. Although this addition reads as a separate building, it is actually an incompatible addition to the historic brewery building. The brick veneer of the west side of the brewery building fell off the building in 1979 and has been replaced with white sheet metal. The Julius Lehrkind House, a two-and-one-half-story Queen Anne residence, built in 1898 at 710 N. Wallace, forms the central focus of the district today. This well preserved, large, irregular plan, brick house responds to its corner lot location with a wrap--around porch set at the base of an octagonal corner turret and a corner, etched glass front entrance. The porch has arched wooden detailing and a decorative balustrade. The windows are diamond-paned, )six-over-one or single-pane, one-over-one double hung units with flat brick arches and concrete sills. The combination gable roof is covered with cedar shingles and features gable end decorative detailing in wood and a second story porchette with a gothic arch on one side and a Roman arch on the other. A substantial, wood frame carriage house is located at the west end of the lot. To the south of the Julius Lehrkind House are the residences constructed by Lehrkind's nephew, Henry, and son, Edwin. The Henry Lehrkind House, built ca. 1908 at 707 N. Wallace, is a one-and-one-half-story, clapboard-sided residence of an irregular plan with a cut-away corner entry. The two-bay facade is asymmetrical and consists of an offset, glass-paned front entrance. Windows are one-over-one double hung units and there is a bay window on the front facade. The combination gambrel-hipped-gable roof is covered with brown asphalt shingles and features a hip-roofed dormer on the north elevation. The Edwin Lehrkind House, at 701 N. Wallace, was constructed in 1912. This one- and-one--half-story, gable-front, Bungalow style residence has a rectangular plan with a recessed stone porch across the front. The frame construction is finished with narrow reveal bevel siding to the window sill level, and alternating rows of . wide and narrow reveal shingles above. Windows are one-over-one double hung units and the roof is covered with cedar shingles. . ',pig FaM-DtR4w (WWI United States loepartment of the Interior - _-.National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Bozeman Brewery Historic District Section number 8 Page 22 During Prohibition, the Lehrkind family diverted their energies to the soft drink business, and Carl Lehrkind, Julius' grandson, had Fred Willson design the one- story, brick bottling plant constructed at 802 N. Wallace in 1925. A note in Willson's diary says "given commission to do as cheap a building as possible. " This commercial structure has an irregular plan with a diagonal corner entrance. The facade of the bottling plant is asymmetrical and the windows are one-over-one double hung units with segmental arches. The header bond brick construction rests on a concrete foundation. The parapet is finished with brick corbelling. A concrete block addition is appended to the north. A small, sheet metal clad addition has been built to the south of the bottling plant. All of the buildings included within the Bozeman Brewery Hi 4oric District retain a high degree of historic architectural integrity, with the exception of the Brewery building itself, which has been reduced in size by the demolition of the eastern three bays and compromised by the construction of a two-story, concrete masonry unit addition in 1948. The brewery nevertheless retains sufficient historic architectural integrity to accurately recall its early function and remains an important, integral component of the historic district. The six residential and industrial buildings that compose this small historic district stand as a cohesive group that serve to reflect an important aspect of Bozeman's historical development. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Bozeman Brewery Historic District Period of Significance: 1895-1925 Areas of Significance: Architecture, Industry The compact Bozeman Brewery Historic District, composed of two industrial and three residential buildings, represents important aspects of Bozeman's industrial, social, and ethnic history. Julius Lehrkind came to Bozeman in 1895, bought out the local Spieth and Krug brewery, which was located at 240-246 East Main Street, and carried on the "Bozeman Brewery" name and business in the large new brewery he had built in the northeastern corner of the city, a sparsely developed area located adjacent to the Northern Pacific Railroad facilities. Lehrkind's German heritage likely influenced his decision to locate his family home adjacent to his brewery, rather than in the rapidly developing residential districts on the south side. In the tradition of his native country, where he served his brewmaster apprenticeship, Lehrkind brought numerous members of his family into the business as the enterprise prospered due to expansion and diversification. The small, residential, family compound that grew up adjacent to the brewery between 1897 and 1912 reflects the family's active involvement with various aspects of the business enterprises. Lehrkind's Genuine Lager Bozeman Brewery also represents a period of heightened technological development in the beer making industry. During the 1860s, lager breweries surpassed ale breweries in both number and production in the United States. With the introduction of mechanical refrigeration during the 1880s, NPS Fa-e 1600D0 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Bozeman Brewery Historic District Section number 8 _ Page Page 23 lager brewery architecture took on .its characteristic appearance. Typical of the period construction, enormous refrigeration rooms with cork-lined walls were constructed within the Bozeman Brewery building. Beer would be aged in the refrigeration rooms for approximately 6 months prior to marketing. The Bozeman Brewery, at full production, turned out 40,000 barrels of beer annually. The malting plant (now demolished) where barley was treated prior to brewing had a 3,000,000 pound capacity. Barley became an important crop in the Gallatin Valley by the 1890's and the Bozeman Brewery provided a local market for the colony of Dutch farmers that settled near Manhattan. As world lager production doubled between 1 880 and 1890, and tripled by 1900, the Lehrkind family business prospered. In 1899, Lehrkind opened another brewery in Silesia, Montana, which was followed in 1910 by a brewery in Red Lodge, Montana. In addition, Lehrkind also owned saloons and operated an ice company during this period. Construction of the Lehrkind Brewery was overseen by Julius Lehrkind, himself, but it is not known whether plans were drawn by an architect or adapted from published sources. Lehrkind was familiar with the brewing business from a lifetime of experience, beginning with an apprenticeship in Germany. Lehrkind fled Germany and compulsory military service by stowing away on a ship to the United States at the age of 17 in 1860. Arriving in New York during the Civil War, Lehrkind found work in a Philadelphia brewery. In 1868, Lehrkind inherited .a portion of his father's fortune and moved to Davenport, Iowa where he and his brother Fred opened their own brewery. In Davenport, Julius Lehrkind married Emelie Lambach and had six children. Lehrkind's brother Fred married Emelie's sister Bertha and had four children, who became Julius` charges after the early deaths of their parents. Julius sold the Davenport brewery in.1894 and traveled in three special railroad cars to Bozeman in March, 1895, with his family and a crew of brewery workers. He was attracted to Bozeman by the young city's central location, high quality water, and proximity to large barley producers. In 1897, the year that the Queen Anne style Lehrkind residence was completed, Emelie Lehrkind died. In 1899, Julius married yet another Lambach, Lina, his wife's niece, and had one child, Herman Lehrkind, in 1900. Herman finished high school in 1918 and joined Julius' nephew Fred at the Red Lodge Brewery just before Prohibition. Julius Lehrkind's nephew, Henry, and his son, Edwin, built their houses adjacent to the family mansion in 1908 and 1912, respectively. The passage of Prohibition in 1919 was said to have broken Julius Lehrkind's heart. He died a few years later, in 1922. The Lehrkind family operated the Lehrkind Coal and Pure Ice Company out of the brewery building during Prohibition. In 1925, Carl Lehrkind, Julius' grandson, opened a bottling plant devoted to soft drink production across the street from the brewery. Upon the repeal of Prohibition in 1932, Edwin Lehrkind brought a brewmaster from Butte named pttman into partnership, and revived the brewery business for a short time t under the label of "old Faithful". Subsequent uses of the brewery building -- NP:Fo,too04a - - a4„�7spdr;51-L United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet Bozeman Brewery Historic District Section number 8 Page 24 include an ice plant and warehouse, the Kessler Creamery operations, and most recently a music recording studio. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Sozem-an Daily , May 20, 1899. Burlingame, Merrill G. , Gallatin County Heritage, Artcraft Printers, Bozeman, Montana, 1976. The Coast,;The Gallati13 7-alley, Montana, Volume 15, #6, Seattle, Washington, 1908. Interviews with Herman Lehrkind.and Gretchen Uhlrich, August, 1985. Tax Certification Application, Patrick McMullen, April 11, 1985. VERBAL BOUNDARY: The boundary for the Bozeman Brewery Historic District includes two east-facing half blocks and one west-facing half block of the 700 and 800 blocks of North Wallace Ave. Only the Lehrkind brewery, bottling plant, and residences are included within the boundaries described as follows: Northern Pacific Addition: block 104, lots 29-32, block 108, lots 11-22, and block 109, lots 13-16. UTM REFERENCES: ACREAGE: approximately 6 acres X: 12/497 850/50592 80 Y: 12/497950/5059100 Z: 12/497 800/5059100 Bozeman Brewery Historic District p: primary c: contributing nc: non-contributing Address Building Name - Date ELy72 Stems 701 N. Wallace Edwin Lehrkind House 1912 Bungalow c - 707 N. Wallace Henry Lehrkind House c.1908 Colonial Revival c 719 N. Wallace Julius Lehrkind douse 1898 Queen Anne p 802 N. Wallace Lehrkind Bottling Plant 1925 Vernacular c 803 N. 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