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Home My WebLink AboutN 19th Avenue & Oak Street Corridor Master Plan A7 r ,ou If r N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street ;,�_ Corridor Master Plan City of Bozeman, Montana +...�f 1 . -iI�� `. 8o7omOr County of Gallatin, Montana ,,f� '-�kr G'".`n°n" tr; IlaNun 011lce i • 1 � T. � �� f • t IIIr I I r �i • � I I {I .1 11 I� I k , _, I � . L � NORTH 19TH A VENUE/OAK STREET CORRIDOR MASTER PLAN Prepared for: City of Bozeman and Gallatin County City-County Planning Board 35 N. Bozeman Avenue P.O. Box 640 Bozeman, Montana 59715 Prepared by: Bozeman Clty-County Planning Office 35 N. Bozeman Avenue P.O. Box 640 Bozeman, Montana 59715 3 FEBRUARY 1997 NORTH 19T H A VENUE/OAK STREET CORRIDOR MASTER PLAN This certifies that the attached North 19' Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan has been duly adopted by the Gallatin County Board of County Commissioners by Gallatin County Resolution No. 1997-14 dated March 4, 1997 and by the Bozeman City Commission by City of Bozeman Resolution No. 3160 dated February 3, 1997. GALLATIN COUNTY COMMISSION BOZEMAN CITY COMMISSION Phil Olson, Chairman Don Stueck,Mayor Joe Frost,Member JanZjehnski, Member Joan Rudberg, Member n Al Stiff, Member Marcia Youngman, Member William A. Murdock, Me ber Attest: Attest: Shelley Vance Robin L. Sullivan Clerk and Re rder Clerk of the Commission BOZEMAN CITY-COUNTY PLANNING BOARD r� ,re_� James Devitt,President Clark Babcock John Mandeville Richard McConnen Bill Mitchell Richard Monahan Sandra Smiley Michael Vincent Lonny Walker Bill Wright Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS LISTOF TABLES ............................................................................................v LISTOF FIGURES ......................................................................................... vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.............................................................................. vii I. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................1 1.0 PLANNING INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS....................................1 1.1 GOALS, OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES.........................................1 1.2 WORK PROGRAM..........................................................................2 1.3 COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION......................................................2 1.4 ORGANIZATION OF DOCUMENT.................................................3 II. BACKGROUND.....................................................................................5 2.0 PAST COMPREHENSIVE PLANS ..................................................5 2.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ........................................................6 2.2 REVIEW OF APPLICABLE RESOURCE DOCUMENTS ................6 2.2.1 Wastewater Facility Plan....................................................6 2.2.2 Areawide Water Plan ..........................................................6 2.2.3 Water Rate Evaluation........................................................7 2.2.4 Stormwater Master Plan.....................................................7 2.2.5 Bozeman Park and Recreation Inventory andWork Plan.....................................................................7 2.2.6 Outdoor Recreation - Open Space Plan for Gallatin County .............................................................7 2.2.7 Transportation Plan............................................................7 Page i Table of Contents III. NORTH 19TH AVENUE/OAK STREET CORRIDOR STUDY AREA.................................................................9 3.0 BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION...........................................................9 3.1 INVENTORY ANALYSIS.................................................................9 3.1.1 Existing Land Use and Zoning Classifications................9 LandUse...............................................................................9 ZoningDistricts................................................................... 10 3.1.2 Socio-Economic Characteristics..................................... 11 3.1.3 Environmental Analysis .................................................. 12 Streams &Ditches....................................................................12 Wetlands ...................................................................................14 Seasonal High Water Table/Groundwater ..............................15 BozemanSolvent Site ...............................................................17 AgriculturalLand.....................................................................17 3.1.4 Community Impact Analysis................................................18 Municipal Water System..........................................................18 Municipal Sewer System ..........................................................18 Storm Drainage System............................................................19 Parks,Recreation, and Open Space.........................................19 Transportation..........................................................................20 Historic Resources....................................................................23 Housing.....................................................................................24 Schools.......................................................................................25 3.1.5 Land Use Inventory ...............................................................25 National Land Use Ratios.........................................................25 City of Bozeman/Extraterritorial Area Zoning Inventory......26 Local Land Use Designations...................................................27 Land Allocation/Availability....................................................29 3.1.6 Capital Improvements Program.......................................30 Transportation..........................................................................30 Municipal Water System..........................................................32 Municipal Sewer System ..........................................................32 Impact Fee Program.................................................................33 Page ii Table of Contents IV. GOALS, OBJECTIVES AND IMPLEMENTATION POLICIES....35 4.0 GOAL 1 .........................................................................................35 4.1 GOAL 2.........................................................................................37 4.2 GOAL 3.........................................................................................37 4.3 GOAL 4.........................................................................................38 4.4 GOAL 5.........................................................................................39 V. MASTER PLAN ELEMENTS..............................................................41 5.0 LAND USE PLAN..........................................................................41 5.0.1 Land Use Classifications..................................................42 5.0.2 Land Use Implementation Guidelines..............................43 5.1 PARKS AND OPEN SPACE..............................................................45 5.1.1 Park Land...........................................................................45 5.1.2 Rose Park...........................................................................46 5.1.3 Open Space/Trail Corridors..............................................46 5.1.4 Parks and Open Space Interface with Other PlanElements....................................................................47 5.1.5 Park and Open Space Implementation Guidelines.........47 5.2 GREENWAY CORRIDORS PLAN....................................................48 5.2.1 Greenbelt/Open Space Corridors.....................................48 5.2.2 Planned Unit Development Overlay.................................49 5.2.3 Greenway Corridor Guidelines.........................................49 5.3 TRANSPORTATION PLAN...............................................................50 5.4 ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS PLAN .......................50 5.4.1 Environmentally Sensitive Area Implementation Guidelines....................................................................................51 Page H! Table of Contents VI. IMPLEMENTATION.....................................................................................53 6.0 ANNEXATION...............................................................................53 6.1 SUBDIVISION REGULATIONS ....................................................54 6.2 ZONING ORDINANCE..................................................................54 6.3 CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS PROGRAM......................................56 Page iv List of Tables LIST OF TABLES TABLE TITLE 1 Land Use Acreage in the N. 19th Avenue/ Oak Street Corridor Study Area................................................. 10 2 Zoning District Acreage in the N. 19th Avenue/ Oak Street Corridor Study Area................................................. 10 3 Housing Units.............................................................................. 11 4 Population ................................................................................... 12 5 Comparison of Land Use Ratios, Bozeman vs. National Averages for Cities Under 100,000 Population......................... 26 6 Zone Areas within City Limits.................................................... 28 7 Zone Areas Within the Extra-Territorial Area........................... 28 8 Commercial Land -Zoning and Its Relative Quantities and Ratios................................................................. 29 9 Industrial Land -Zoning and Its Relative Quantities and Ratios................................................................. 30 Page v List of Figures LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE TITLE 1 Study Area Boundaries 2 Current Land Use 3 Current Zoning Districts 4 Streams, Ditches and Wetlands 5 Seasonal High Water Table and Hydric Soils 6 Existing and Planned Public Infrastructure 7 Limited Public Street Access Points 8 Existing and Planned Park and Recreation Resources 9 City of Bozeman and Extraterritorial Area Zoning Inventory 10 Current Master Plan Designations 11 Land Use Plan Page vi Executive Summary EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The N. 19th Avenue/ Oak Street Corridor Master Plan differs from the 1983 Master Plan and the 1990 Master Plan update by focusing on a single portion of the jurisdictional area of the City of Bozeman rather than its entirety. As a result some of the goals and policies are specific to this area and should not be extrapolated to the entire jurisdiction. This sub-area plan introduces several new concepts or planning strategies to the planning process in Bozeman. Areas of special emphasis or where substantial change was made are as follows: • Two new land use classifications-Business Park and Limited Commercial • Modification of and establishment of entryway corridors along North 19th Avenue and Oak Street • Introducing Greenway corridors and their implementation through Planned Unit Developments • Modification to and expanded use of Planned Unit Developments in the study area • Introducing environmentally sensitive lands as a master plan overlay • Changes to the Land Use Element of the Master Plan as illustrated in Figure 11 • The importance of open space, both public and private, in creating the desired community image This N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan is presented in six sections: I. Introduction H. Background- discussing the history of planning in Bozeman and relevant resource documents for this planning effort III.North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Study Area- a description of the area including various resource inventories and analysis IV. Goals, Objectives, and Implementation Policies- as formulated by the Planning Board and Staff after public participation V. Master Plan Elements- describes those strategies needed to provide general guidance to future development in the study area VI.Implementation- discusses the necessary changes to the existing ordinances, regulations, and procedures, and new methods to provide for implementation of the Goals and Policies of the Master Plan The Goals and Policies laid out in Section IV of this document are the basis for all other elements of this plan. They are the result of three public forums, discussion with the public through written comment and office visits, field trips to inspect the area under consideration, and many hours of work by the Planning Board and Staff. All other elements of the Master Plan are intended to provide information for and to implement the goals formulated through the public participation process. Page vii ti 1 i a +, I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan I. INTRODUCTION In 1990, the Bozeman City Commission and Gallatin County Commission adopted an update of the Bozeman Area Master Plan that recognized the impact certain major transportation arterials would have on the future character of the community, as well as on its economic vitality. With construction of N. 19th Avenue and the N. 19th Avenue/Interstate-90 interchange in 1995, as well as the anticipated construction of Oak Street between N. 7th Avenue and N. 19th Avenue, the Bozeman City-County Planning Board recognized the need to reevaluate the community's 1990 Bozeman Area Master Plan Update. The Bozeman City-County Planning Board initiated this document, the N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan, as a supplement to the 1990 Bozeman Area Master Plan Update, to provide a vision for future growth in the N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street corridor area. The Board intends to prepare a plan that provides for a beautiful entryway to Bozeman, areas for commercial and industrial expansion, and attractive and varied residential options. The plan will coordinate land use recommendations for the area with capital facilities planning, sensitive lands considerations, Rose Park, and other established land uses. 1.0 PLANNING INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS The background information for the planning area consists of an inventory and analysis of past and present conditions. This inventory and analysis includes: physical land characteristics of soils, groundwater, wetlands and watercourses; land use patterns such as existing uses, land ownership, Master Plan and zoning designations; social characteristics such as population patterns and projections, housing patterns, community attitudes and priorities for the future; and public infrastructure such as utility services,transportation patterns, community facilities and public services. 1.1 GOALS, OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES Based on critical issues identified in the inventory and analysis of environmental and community impacts, as well as community attitudes, opinions and concerns, a draft set of goals, policies, and objectives was prepared by the Bozeman City-County Planning Office for consideration and discussion by the Planning Board. Goals, policies and objectives were drafted for each of the major Master Plan issues which include: • Land Use • Transportation • Municipal Facilities and Utilities • Housing and Historic Preservation • Entryway Corridors • Environmentally Sensitive Lands The draft goals, objectives and policies were presented to the Bozeman City-County Planning Board for review and comment through a public forum format. The goals, policies and objectives were then Page 1 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan revised and refined before a final public hearing was conducted, and before a recommendation was sent to the Bozeman City Commission and the Gallatin County Commission for adoption. 1.2 WORK PROGRAM The work program conducted by the Bozeman City-County Planning Office was composed of four primary work tasks, and appropriate sub-tasks, as listed below: • Work Task 1 - Perform Inventory and Analysis • Existing Land Use and Zoning • Socio-Economic Characteristics • Environmental Analysis/Environmentally Sensitive Lands • Community Impact Inventory and Analysis • Land Use Inventory • Capital Facilities • Work Task 2 -Development of Goals,Objectives and Implementation Policies • Environmental, Aesthetics, and Natural Resources • Residential and Historic Resources • Commercial, Industrial, and Economic Development • Transportation/Municipal Facilities • Work Task 3 -Development of Master Plan Elements • Land Use Plan • Parks and Open Space Plan • Greenway Corridors Plan • Transportation Plan • Environmentally Sensitive Areas Plan • Work Task 4-Development of Implementation Strategy • Annexation • Subdivision Regulations • Zoning Ordinance • Capital Improvements Program 1.3 COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION Throughout the planning process the Bozeman City-County Planning Board emphasized community participation through a public forum format, which offered the general public the opportunity to voice their concerns and opinions. Three public forums were noticed in the newspaper and held before the Planning Board. The first forum, held on 18 June 1996, identified thirteen general topics of concern for the study area, and as a result preliminary goals, objectives and implementation policies were prepared for consideration by the Planning Board. On 16 July 1996, a second public forum gave the Page 2 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan public and principal property owners in the study area the chance to discuss with the Planning Board options for proposed Land Use Classifications that would guide future growth in the study area. The Planning Board also held a special meeting with concerned citizens and principal property owners in the study area on 18 July 1996, to discuss future development options and preferences for land use classifications. The Planning Board participated in two separate field trips to the study area and in a number of special meetings with the Planning Staff to review project progress and to prepare for a public hearing to be held on 20 August 1996. A special meeting of the Planning Board was held on 23 July 1996 to conclude public input and participation prior to the 20 August 1996 public'hearing, and to finalize the preliminary draft recommendations for the N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan. However, a third public forum was held on 8 August 1996, resulting from a special meeting on 31 July 1996, regarding the ability to implement parkway corridors along N. 19th Avenue and Oak Street. The third public forum discussed the proposal for planned unit developments (PUD) review procedures for all non-residential land in the study area. As a result of the third meeting, the public hearing before the Bozeman City-County Planning Board was rescheduled to 4 September 1996. The Planning Staff incorporated recommendations from the public and the Planning Board meetings to prepare a preliminary draft document. This document was made available to the general public prior to the public hearings before the Bozeman City-County Planning Board, Bozeman City Commission and Gallatin County Commission. Coverage of the planning process by the Bozeman Daily Chronicle encouraged further awareness of, and participation in, the planning process by the public. The public hearing before the Bozeman City-County Planning Board was held at the Board's regularly scheduled meeting on 4 September 1996. A public hearing was held before the Bozeman City Commission at their regularly scheduled meeting on 16 September 1996. Finally, public hearings before the Gallatin County Commission were held at their regularly scheduled meetings on 15 October 1996, 29 October 1996, and 4 November 1996. The Planning Board voted to recommend approval this Master Plan Amendment to the Bozeman City and Gallatin County Commissions. Both the Bozeman City and Gallatin County Commissions voted to approve this Master Plan Amendment. 1.4 ORGANIZATION OF DOCUMENT The remainder of this document presents the results of the planning process and is organized into Chapters II, III,IV, and V which correspond to the four major work tasks. • Chapter II "Inventory and Analysis" - Presents and analyzes background information that describe existing conditions in the study area. • Chapter III "Goals, Objectives and Implementation Policies" - Defines specific goals, objectives and implementation policies which the governing bodies have chosen to pursue with regard to the study area's growth, development and revitalization. Page 3 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan • Chapter IV "Master Plan" - Presents the various land uses, transportation, municipal facilities and utilities, housing, economic development and conservation elements which comprise the N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan. • Chapter V "Implementation" - Presents a program for Master Plan Implementation strategies, including recommended regulatory actions, capital investments, responsibilities, resources and timing. Page 4 a i i t t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan II. BACKGROUND 2.0 PAST COMPREHENSIVE PLANS In 1958 the City of Bozeman hired S.R. Deboer & Company (of Denver, CO) to prepare the City's first comprehensive plan. This plan included studies on transportation, street planning, zoning districts, parks and recreation, schools, park roads, and sanitation and health. This plan focused on the development of a transportation and street plan. Many present-day streets were constructed based on that planning effort. In 1960, the Planning Board updated the 1958 plan and largely revised the major street plan. Other changes in the 1960 plan included the preparation of a draft ordinance to update the City's subdivision regulations, preparation of an industrial ordinance, a recommendation to enact a transition overlay district, and recommended zoning for the jurisdiction. In 1972, a revised master plan was completed which included a comprehensive land use plan, and land use maps for both the City and jurisdictional area. This plan included extended goals and objectives that were formulated by the planning advisory committee. The 1972 plan also contained sections on population, housing, physiographic constraints, economics, parks and recreation, transportation, and an existing land use study. Finally, the following concepts were first introduced in the 1972 plan: rural development nodes; a maximum density of one dwelling unit per 10 acres in undeveloped rural areas; and discouragement of development in areas not served by municipal water and sewer. In 1983, the current Bozeman Area Master Plan was adopted. This plan was prepared by the Bozeman City-County Planning Staff, and contained 25 goals and 47 policies to provide the basis for planning decisions. This plan breaks issues, goals and policies down into four major designations: • The area within the City limits of Bozeman is proposed to develop at urban densities with growth occurring as public facilities are expanded; • Development in the proposed sewer service area, extended about one mile around the City limits, is to be restricted to 20 acres per dwelling unit to prevent the City from becoming surrounded by large lot development; • All other subdivided areas are designated as rural development nodes. The increased development in these areas would provide for cost-effective services and would provide incentives for filling vacant lots in existing subdivisions; In 1990, the Bozeman Area Master Plan Update was prepared. This document updated, but did not totally replace,the 1983 plan. The 1990 Update achieved the following: • Simplified Master Plan land use recommendations, allowing for more flexibility in decision making; • Gave a stronger vision to land use concepts and projects which recognized and enhanced the Bozeman area's unique environmental and cultural assets; Page 5 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan • Encouraged more development within the Urban Growth Area, and less scattered development in the unserviced rural areas; • Identified long-term major capital improvement projects, beyond the scope of then current annual funding, which will further the Master Plan; • Provided a basis for revision of the Bozeman Zoning Ordinance. 2.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND To date Bozeman's traditional position has been that of a major trading post for a variety of agricultural products resulting from highly productive soils found throughout the Gallatin valley. The N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor study area continues to date to demonstrate this farming heritage, with a substantial portion of the study area still cultivated for irrigated crops and used for livestock production. However, with the construction of N. 19th Avenue and the N. 19th Avenue/Interstate-90 interchange in 1995 and anticipated construction of Oak Street, the area is recognized as the next significant land located within the City-County Planning Jurisdiction to be developed at urban densities. Already in close proximity to the interstate transportation system, only the anticipated extension of municipal infrastructure and services will delay urban development of the area. 2.2 REVIEW OF APPLICABLE RESOURCE DOCUMENTS 2.2.1 Wastewater Facility Plan In 1978, a Wastewater Facility Plan was prepared to analyze what was then the existing wastewater treatment system and to identify alternative systems improvements for the secondary treatment of wastewater. These improvements were needed to address Montana Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit violations being experienced at the time. The improvements outlined in this plan were completed in 1982. During this time, the wastewater treatment plant was upgraded to service a population of 55,000. A new Wastewater Facility Plan is currently being prepared. This plan will evaluate existing conditions such as population, zoning, wastewater flows and loads, the wastewater collection system, infiltration and inflow, and the wastewater treatment system. It then will examine future conditions such as population projections, flow and load projections, drainage areas within the 20-year planning area, and wastewater collection and treatment. 2.2.2 Areawide Water Plan This plan was prepared in 1973 to analyze water improvements for immediate needs, and provide five year, ten year, and long-range plans. Under this plan, the City constructed a filter treatment facility, large distribution mains, and additional storage facilities. A new Water Facility Plan is currently being prepared. This new plan will evaluate existing conditions such as population, zoning and population density, water consumption, water rights and storage, and the water system. This plan will also evaluate the water treatment Page 6 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan plant and water quality characteristics. Finally, the plan will recommend needed water system and treatment plant improvements. 2.2.3 Water Rate Evaluation The original evaluation by Thomas, Dean & Hoskins in 1977 was superseded by a similar evaluation completed by the C112M Hill Co. in 1981. The new study established a cost-of- service rate structure that was approved by the Montana Public Service Commission. The cost-of-service rate structure has been reviewed annually. 2.2.4 Stormwater Master Plan This plan was prepared in 1982 by Thomas, Dean & Hoskins, and provided the technical criteria by which the Bozeman Engineering Office reviews development proposals for storm drainage control. This includes water quality treatment, maintenance of historic drainage patterns, and runoff rate attenuation methods. 2.2.5 Bozeman Park and Recreation Inventory and Work Plan This plan was prepared by Bozeman City-County Planning Staff in 1975. It analyzed the recreational needs of existing and future populations, and evaluated whether existing facilities would adequately meet their needs. It led to the recommendations and plans for parks in Bozeman. 2.2.6 Outdoor Recreation - Open Space Plan for Gallatin County This plan was prepared by the Gallatin County Subdivision Review Office in 1989. It contains a detailed inventory and description of all parks (public and private), recreation and school lands in Gallatin County. The plan suggests the adoption of subdivision park location and development, cash-in-lieu fund disbursement criteria,and linear park linkages. 2.2.7 Transportation Plan The Bozeman Transportation Plan was prepared in 1982 by Clete Daily and Associates of Helena, MT. This plan evaluated the existing transportation system, reviewed existing street and traffic conditions, and anticipated future traffic pattern and transportation network problems based on population projections. This plan was largely updated in 1993 in the Bozeman Urban Transportation Plan Update by Robert Peccia & Associates of Helena., MT. The update examined the overall transportation system for the City, analyzed future system needs based on modeling, prepared a list of recommended improvements, conducted a financial analysis for potential funding sources, and created a strategy for implementing recommended improvements. Page 7 I . '�' _ � •fit ,:t' �'+)'� t •!� 14-_ ./ t - i'_h i S,% ��+:t 1 ti' IV -;�•�' +��a�;�'..;vy.'l�- •;>'•�'`�(;F•�S 4{��'�e�+�^ ' �`.�'•:r��"N4•'��yJ :"�•tyi/r..�; �(.".,.�'1'' ` 'i;F�i ! 7 1'. tb.; ° ;Zv. ,.' X-. � x,I �.0 s,l'-Yti�i.l �a�'��,•t two .,,. - � Vtr. N. 19TH AVENUE/OAK STREET CORRIDOR STUDY AREA CHAPTER III t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan III. NORTH 19TH AVENUE/ OAK STREET CORRIDOR STUDY AREA 3.0 BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION The study area for the N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan is generally determined by the two arterial streets which intersect in the middle of the study area and have the most influence on future growth in the area. These arterials are N. 19th Avenue between Durston Road and Interstate-90 (north/south axis), and Oak Street between N. 7th Avenue and Rose Park (east/west axis) (see Figure 1). The north boundary of the study area is defined by the N. 19th Avenue/Interstate-90 interchange and the Walker Property Planned Unit Development. Interstate-90, eastbound from the N. 19th Avenue interchange, serves as the northeast boundary, while the N. 7th Avenue commercial corridor and N. 8th Avenue right-of-way establish the easternmost boundary. Durston Road, from N. 7th Avenue to the existing City limits (in the general area of Western Drive), outlines the southern border of the study area. The extension of the current City limits in the area of Western Drive, northward along Thomas Drive to Interstate-90, establishes the westernmost boundary for the study area. The approximate area of the study area for this Master Plan is approximately 1,021 acres, which includes public dedicated roads and public road easements. 3.1 INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS The following section inventories existing conditions within the N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor study area, to assess the potential impacts of changes in land use designations. The following are included in this section: existing land use and zoning classifications; socio-economic characteristics; environmental analysis; community impact analysis;land use inventory; and capital facilities plan. 3.1.1 Existing Land Use and Zoning Classifications Land Use Figure 2 shows the existing land uses within the N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor study area, and Table 1 shows the acreage for different land uses within the study area. As shown in Table 1, the largest existing land use in the study area is agriculture with approximately 74 percent of the land area. The second largest land use is vacant with roughly 7 percent, followed by single-family residential with roughly 6 percent of the land area. Most of the study area's single-family residential land uses are found in the Brentwood, Homesites, Maple Terrace and Royal Vista Addition subdivisions. Other single-family homes are scattered around the study area. The multifamily residential uses are found in the Arcadia Gardens and Homesites subdivisions, as well as in the Gallatin Valley Rest Home and the Legion Villa apartment complex. The mobile home park uses are contained in the Covered Wagon Mobile Home Park and in the Homesites subdivision. The only school in the study area, Emily Dickinson School, is west of the Brentwood subdivision, and the only church is Page 9 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan east of the Arcadia Gardens apartment complex on Durston Road. All of the light manufacturing and heavy industrial uses are in the Gardner-Simmental Industrial Plaza. Table 1: Land Use Acreage in the N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Study Area Land Use Number of Acres Percentage of Total Study Area Administrative/professional 18.2 1.7 percent Agriculture 783.6 74.4 percent Church 0.7 0.0 percent Duplex/triplex 1.4 0.1 percent Heavy industrial 4.2 0.4 percent Light manufacturing 16.4 1.6 percent Mobile home park 41.2 3.9 percent Multifamily residential 15.4 1.5 percent- Parkland 25.0 2.4 percent Schools 9.8 0.9 percent Single-family residential 62.9 6.0 percent Vacant 74.6 7.1 percent Source: 1995 City of Bozeman Land Use Map. Zoning Districts Figure 3 shows the existing zoning districts within the N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor study area, and Table 2 shows the acreage for each zoning category in the study area. Table 2: Zoning District Acreage in the N. 19th Avenue/ Oak Street Corridor Study Area Zoning Category Number of Acres Percentage of Total Study Area A-S(Agriculture Suburban) 353.3 34.6 percent B-1 (Neighborhood Service) 10.8 1.1 percent B-2 (Community Business) 30.9 3.0 percent M-1(Light Manufacturing) 128.9 12.6 percent PLI(Public Lands&Institutions) 26.9 2.6 percent R-2(Single-family,Medium-Density) 18.6 1.8 percent R 2 A(Single-family,Medium-Density) 47.1 4.8 percent R-3(Residential,Medium-density) 344.6 33.7 percent R4(Residential,High-density) 36.2 3.5 percent R-O(Residential Office) 12.5 1.3 percent Source: Official City of Bozeman Zoning Map, 1993. Page 10 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan Land zoned A-S covers a substantial area in the northwest part of the study area, and between Gardner-Simmental Industrial Plaza and Interstate-90. There is more A-S land east of the Covered Wagon Mobile Home Park and the Homesites subdivision, as well as east of the Gallatin Valley Rest Home. Land zoned M-1 lies within the Gardner-Simmental Industrial Plaza, and along Baxter Lane. Land zoned R-2 includes the Maple Terrace and Homesites subdivisions. The Brentwood subdivision is zoned R-2-A. Land zoned R-3 includes the Covered Wagon Mobile Home Park, the Annie Subdivision, land north of Oak Street, and land along the southeast boundary of the study area. Land zoned R-4 includes the Arcadia Gardens apartment complex, the Legion Villa Apartments, and land north of the Gallatin Valley Rest Home. There is land zoned R-O southeast of the Brentwood subdivision, and north of the Gallatin Valley Rest Home. There is a B-1 district on the northwest comer of N. 19th Avenue and Durston Road. Finally, there is some B-2 zoned land between Baxter Lane and the extension of Oak Street. See Figure 9 for zoning ratios. 3.1.2 Socio-Economic Characteristics The most recent socio-economic data available for the Bozeman area is from the 1990 Census of Population and Housing. However, many housing units have been constructed and the population has increased in the study area since 1990. Therefore, a count of housing units within the study area was conducted using current (5 June 1996) aerial photos. A total of approximately 550 housing units was counted. Table 3: Housing Units Traffic Analysis Zone No. 1990* 1996** 2000*** 2010*** 170 11 90 38 64 172 0 2 27 53 174 105 307 262 271 176 1 1 28 54 178 124 124 142 160 180 0 0 61 79 182 25 25 20 38 262 0 1 9 9 264 1 1 1 1 TOTAL 267 1 551 588 729 *Based on 1990 U.S. Census of Population and Housing **Based on 1996 Bozeman City-County Planning Staff estimate ***Based on 1992 City consultant projections For the 1993 Bozeman Urban Transportation Plan Update, the Bozeman City-County Planning Jurisdiction was divided into traffic analysis zones (TAZs), and socio-economic information was evaluated using the TAZs. The study area contains nine traffic analysis zones (see Appendix A). The housing units in the study area were allocated among these nine TAZs as shown in Table 3 above. In addition to the 1996 housing units estimated by the planning Page 11 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan staff using aerial photography, Table 3 also shows housing unit numbers from the 1990 Census, and housing estimates done by a City transportation consultant for the years 2000 and 2010. Using the number of housing units per TAZ, along with population per unit calculations from 1990 Census data, the current population for the study area can be estimated as shown in Table 4. Estimates made by a City transportation consultant are also shown for the years 2000 and 2010. The table illustrates that 1996 population estimates for the study area have already surpassed the population projections the consultant had made for the year 2000. Table 4: Population Traffic Analysis 1990* 1996** 2000*** 2010*** Zone No. Pop Pop/Unit Pop Pop/Unit Pop Pop/Unit Pop Pop/Unit 170 43 3.8 342 3.8 144 3.8 243 3.8 172 0 0 5 2.6 70 2.6 138 2.6 174 230 2.2 675 2.2 576 2.2 596 2.2 176 1 1.0 1 1.0 28 1.0 54 1 1.0 178 198 1.6 198 1.6 227 1.6 256 1.6 180 0 2.5 0 2.5 153 2.5 198 2.5 182 63 2.5 63 2.5 50 2.5 95 2.5 262 0 0 3 2.6 23 2.6 47 2.6 264 2 2.0 2 2.0 2 2.0 1 2 2.0 TOTAL 537 1 N/A 1,289 N/A 1,273 N/A 1,629 N/A *Based on 1990 U.S. Census of Population and Housing **Based on 1996 Bozeman City-County Planning Staff estimate ***Based on 1992 Citv consultant projections City of Bozeman percentages (calculated using 1990 Census data) for other socio-economic factors such as gender, ethnic origin, age distribution, school enrollment, employment status, and educational attainment were applied to the 1996, 2000 and 2010 population estimates for the study area. Tables showing these other socio-economic factors are shown in Appendix B. 3.1.3 Environmental Analysis Streams and Ditches Streams and Ditches in the Study Area Several streams, ditches and stream/ditch combinations run through the study area. East and West Catron Creek flow northward to the west of N. 19th Avenue and join west of the N. 19th Avenue/Interstate-90 interchange. West Catron Creek is a stream flowing along the western edge of the study area. East Catron Creek is a stream/ditch combination which branches to either side of the Brentwood Subdivision. Both branches originate south of Page 12 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan Bozeman. A ditch connects E. and W. Catron Creek north of Baxter Road. Another series of streams and ditches flow north between N. 7th and N. 19th Avenues. Mandeville Creek flows generally where the N. 1 lth Avenue alignment will be. Two ditches follow both the N. 19th Avenue alignment (Farmers Canal) and what will be the N. 15th Avenue alignment (Walton's Ditch). At Oak Street, Farmers Canal turns east to merge with Walton's Ditch and form a stream/ditch which flows north across Interstate-90 and merges with Mandeville Creek. Threats to Streams and Ditches There are a number of factors that can degrade streams and ditches: • Changes in water quantity or flow; • Modification of the river channel and riverine ecosystem morphology through dams, reservoirs, channelization, and drainage and filling of wetlands; • Urbanization; • Damaging land use practices,including some agricultural practices; • Degrading of water quality through addition of point-source and nonpoint-source contaminants. Of these, urbanization presents the greatest threat to the stream and ditch resources in the study area. First, urbanization results in alteration of the natural drainage pattern. As the landscape's ability to transport and accommodate runoff is compromised, the possibility of flooding increases. Urbanization also results in more impervious surfaces, especially in the form of parking lots, roads, and roofs. This results in increased overland flows, stream overloading, and possible flooding. Finally, urbanization results in urban residues and pollutants carried by overland flow and deposited in streams and rivers, degrading water quality. Regulations Pertaining to Streams and Ditches A watercourse is defined as any natural stream, river, creek, drainage, waterway, gully, ravine or wash in which water flows either continuously or intermittently. The Bozeman Zoning Ordinance requires that no newly constructed structures, additions to existing structures, parking lots, or other improvements be located closer than 35 feet from the mean high water mark of a watercourse. Any waterbody created solely for the conveyance of irrigation water is not considered to be a watercourse. The mean high water mark is defined as the line which the water impresses on the soil by covering it for sufficient periods to deprive it of vegetation. In order to re-locate or pipe an irrigation ditch, permission must be obtained from the owner of the ditch as well as from the Farmer's Canal Board. A 310 Permit must be obtained from the Natural Resources Conservation Service (MRCS) to relocate and/or pipe a stream or ditch. In recent years, the NRCS has been discouraging or forbidding the relocation and/or piping of streams and ditches. Page 13 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan The following State of Montana regulations would pertain to streams and ditches in the study area: Montana Stream Protection Act (SPA Permit); Storm Water Discharge General Permits; Short-Term Exemption from Montana's Surface Water Quality Standards (3A Authorization); Montana Natural Streambed and Land Preservation Act (310 Permit); Montana Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (MPDES Permit); and the Montana Water Quality Act. Finally, Section 404 of the Federal Clean Water Act would apply to streams in the study area. Wet_ Wetlands are generally identified and delineated by the following characteristics: 1. The presence of water on or near the surface for all or part of the year; 2. The presence of distinctive soils (hydric soils), often with organic content, which are clearly different from upland soils and are poorly drained; 3. The presence of vegetation (hydrophytes) composed of species adapted to wet soils, surface water, and/or flooding. Wetlands in the Study Area There are several artificial wetlands in the N. 19th Avenue study area(see Figure 4). Artificial wetlands result from agricultural practices such as irrigation. The Army Corps of Engineers regulates artificial wetlands the same as natural wetlands. One wetland in the study area is located north of the Brentwood Subdivision. It has two branches that extend northwest beyond Baxter Lane, and northeast into the Gardner- Simmental Industrial Plaza. Another wetland is located along Baxter Lane and Interstate-90. It has two branches that extend south along the eastern side of the study area and southwest along the east side of the Covered Wagon Trailer Park, and the Maple Terrace and Homesites Subdivisions. Both branches extend to Durston Road. Finally, a small wetland lies within the northernmost part of the study area. Wetland Functions and Values Some socio-economic values of wetlands include: aesthetics, recreation, erosion control, education and scientific research, and groundwater recharge/water supply. Some environmental quality functions of wetlands include: pollution filtration, chemical and nutrient absorption, sediment removal, aquatic productivity, oxygen production, microclimate regulation nutrient recycling, and world climate regulation. Finally, wetlands provide important fish and wildlife habitat. Costs of Developing In and Around Wetlands There are a number of costs - environmental and practical - associated with development in and around wetlands. Environmental costs include 1) degradation of habitat necessary for the survival of many aquatic and terrestrial species; and 2) the compromise of water supplies and water quality. Beyond the environmental costs, there are also many practical costs associated with development in and near wetlands. First, wetlands typically form in areas characterized by Page 14 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan poor drainage conditions which are ill-suited for most development. Development in these areas often involves considerable expense for site drainage, flood protection, and facility maintenance. Second, most wetlands are characterized by organic (hydric) soils that are unstable for most types of development. Therefore, the costs of development resulting from complex engineering design requirements or the need to excavate and replace the soils can be significant. Third, draining wetlands often lowers nearby water tables, sometimes affecting water quality and availability. Finally, wetlands can be used as landscape amenities similar to lakes and streams, and improve land values and design schemes; destruction of wetlands removes these natural amenities. Regulations Pertaining to Wetlands Several state and federal regulations apply to wetlands. At the state level, the Montana Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (MPDES Permit) applies to all discharges to surface water or groundwater, including wetlands. The Montana Water Quality Act prohibits the pollution of state waters, including wetlands. Finally, Section 404 of the Federal Clean Water Act regulates the discharge or placement of dredged or fill material into wetlands. Section 404 is administered by the Army Corps of Engineers. Seasonal High Water Table/Groundwater The water table is generally defined as the upper boundary of the zone of groundwater. Water table levels fluctuate naturally during the year due to changes in recharge and discharge rates. Typically, water table levels are highest in the winter or spring because of snowmelt and rains and low use by plants. During the summer months, water tables fall because of evaporation and uptake by vegetation. Human activities, such as pumping groundwater, also affect water tables. Areas with a high water are characterized by hydric soils, or soils that are saturated to the extent that anaerobic conditions exist and plants cannot survive. Seasonal High Water Table in the Study Area The N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street study area has several areas with seasonal high water tables (see Figure 5). There are two zones where water tables range from 1% to 3 feet below the ground. One lies between N. 19th Avenue and the study area's western boundary, and crosses Baxter Lane. The other runs just east of the Covered Wagon Trailer Park and the Maple Terrace and Homesites Subdivisions, and crosses Durston Road. There are several zones where the water table ranges from 3 to 6 feet below ground surface. One zone covers much of the Brentwood Subdivision and Arcadia Gardens apartment complex, and the other lies just south of where Baxter Lane approaches Interstate-90. There are two zones where the water table is 4 to 5 feet below the ground. One lies in the southwesternmost portion of the study area, and the other in the southeasternmost portion. One final zone has water table levels that are 3 to 6 feet below the ground. This area covers some of the Gardner-Simmental Industrial Plaza and extends east along the south side of Baxter Lane. Page 15 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan Seasonal High Water Table Considerations Areas with high seasonal water tables pose considerable risks for groundwater contamination. While the City of Bozeman's municipal water system currently does not rely on groundwater for potable water, it may use groundwater in the future. In addition, not all parcels of land in the study area are served with municipal water and may have to rely on groundwater for potable water. All major land uses represent potential sources of groundwater contamination, including: industrial, agricultural, residential, and transportation uses. The likelihood of groundwater contamination varies widely depending on 1) variability in groundwater susceptibility; 2) variability of contaminant loading rates; and 3) variability in the threat different contaminants pose to living organisms. In the study area, urban stormwater runoff, and spills and leakages present the greatest threat to groundwater resources. Urban stormwater results from runoff from developed areas such as parking lots, streets, and other impermeable surfaces. Contaminants found in urban stormwater include metals (lead, zinc, and iron), organic materials (insecticides such as diazinon and malathion), petroleum residues, nitrates and road salt. Spills and leakage could result from a wide-range of activities. Spills usually involve petroleum products, organic compounds, fertilizers, metals and acids. Spills most often occur along highways, railroads, and in and around industrial complexes. Leakage usually occurs from underground storage tanks (USTs), pipelines, and chemical stock piles. Household hazardous wastes, such as paint, cleaning compounds, motor oil, and gasoline, also contribute to groundwater contamination. Areas with seasonal high water tables are also characterized by poor drainage, and may be subject to an increased risk of flooding. These problems can greatly increase the cost of development because they may require special engineering and structural considerations such as site drainage, flood protection and facility maintenance. Second, soils with a high water content are subject to liquefaction during earthquakes, and may require special engineering considerations. Finally, seasonal high water tables can also be a problem during excavation and development,requiring pumping equipment machinery to remove water from the site. Regulations Pertaining to Seasonal High Water Table Areas The federal Safe Drinking Water Act, especially the Wellhead Protection Program, establishes programs to prevent groundwater contamination. Title 75 of the Montana Code Annotated regulates water quality - including groundwater (Part 8). Part 11 of Title 75 regulates underground storage tanks, which pose a significant threat to groundwater resources. Finally, Part 5 of Title 85 protects groundwater by prohibiting the "waste and contamination of groundwater." Page 16 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan Bozeman Solvent Site The Bozeman Solvent Site is an area of groundwater contamination within the Bozeman City- County Planning Jurisdiction. In 1989, groundwater from wells in the Nelson Mobile Home Park (north of the N. 17th Avenue and Durston Road intersection) was determined to contain chlorinated solvents in excess of safe drinking water standards. Subsequent investigations found that the contaminants in the groundwater originated from the Buttrey's Shopping Center property and extended north, generally between N. 19th Avenue and an extension of N. 1 lth Avenue, to Interstate-90. The State of Montana issued orders requiring the shopping center property owner, the City of Bozeman, and others to begin cleanup of the contamination. While further investigations were under way, those potentially liable for the contamination provided impacted well users with alternative supplies of water. Often the City of Bozeman municipal water system was used as an alternative water supply if it was available. Those further investigations determined that improper disposal of chlorinated solvents by a dry cleaning business in the shopping center was the likely cause of the contamination. Solvents were improperly released to the septic system of the shopping center, and to the sewer system. The septic system seepage pits and leaking joints in the sewer system allowed the contaminants to enter the groundwater aquifer. As time passed, the flow of groundwater carried the contaminants to the present boundaries of the solvent site. A study of how to clean up the site is currently under way. Agricultural Lands The City of Bozeman designates agricultural lands as land currently used for agricultural purposes as depicted on the City's land use map, with productive agricultural soils as determined by the MRCS. On the City's land use map, agricultural lands are defined as land "used for the cultivation of the soil or the raising of livestock, all activities incidental thereto, not to include areas used for the raising of produce primarily intended for on-site consumption." Soil types in the Bozeman area that are most suitable for agricultural use include some Amsterdam loams, Bozeman loams, Bridger loams, Manhattan loams; Huffine loams, and Millville loams. Agricultural Lands in the Study Area Much of the undeveloped land within the study area is currently used for agricultural purposes, including irrigated crops and livestock grazing (refer to Figure 2). In addition, many of these agricultural lands are characterized by prime agricultural soils, especially in the corridor along N. 19th Avenue and where the Brentwood and Annie Subdivisions are located. Value of Agricultural Lands Agricultural lands have several important values. First, agricultural lands provide an important historical resource that preserves the Gallatin's Valley's historically agrarian character. Second, agricultural land provides important green and open space resources. Third, agricultural lands and agricultural production generate substantial export dollars for the Page 17 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan Bozeman area. Finally, the costs of providing public infrastructure for agricultural lands is less than for other uses such as residential and commercial, which decreases the City's capital expenditures. Regulations Pertaining to Agricultural Lands While the City of Bozeman has no formal programs designed to protect farmland and open space, it should be recognized that areas characterized by agricultural land uses and soils with high crop yield potential provide tremendous open space and production resources. 3.1.4 Community Impact Analysis Municipal Water System Water is provided to the Bozeman area through a network of water mains. The network is served by a number of larger mains, referred to here as trunklines. The N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street study area is currently served by trunklines which generally follow the edges of the study area (see Figure 6). The east side of the study area is served by a 12-inch ductile iron trunkline following the Oak Street alignment east of N. 7th Avenue, and connecting to an 8-inch cast iron and ductile iron trunkline following the N. 7th Avenue alignment. The area along the south edge of the study area is served by a 14-inch cast iron trunkline following the N. 1 lth Avenue alignment and connecting to a 10-inch cast iron and ductile iron trunkline following the Durston Road alignment. A short 10-inch trunkline (of unknown material) extends from Durston Road to provide water to the Brentwood Subdivision. The various subdivisions in the study area (Brentwood, Homesites, Royal Vista, Covered Wagon Mobile Home Park, and Maple Terrace) are served by main extensions off the nearby trunklines. Municipal Sewer System Sewer service is provided to the Bozeman area through a series of branching sewer mains. The branches are served by a number of larger mains referred to here, as with the water system, as trunklines. The N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street study area is principally served by the 24-inch asbestos cement trunkline which services the University, and the south and west sides of the City. This trunkline runs north-south through the center of the study area, generally following the 11th Avenue alignment, the length of the Gallatin Rest Home property, and the old N. 19th Avenue/Simmental Way alignments (see Figure 6). Several other trunklines feed into this central trunkline. The land west of the study area will be served by an existing 24-inch asbestos cement trunkline servicing the area around the Valley Unit Subdivision. That trunkline enters the study area along the Baxter Lane alignment and meets the central trunkline at Simmental Way. Land south of the study area generally drains to a 15-inch trunkline (of unknown material) under the Durston Road alignment. This trunkline then follows the N. 17th Avenue alignment to a point south of the Covered Wagon Mobile Home Park, where it turns east to meet the central trunkline just north of the Gallatin Rest Home building. There is an overflow outlet Page 18 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan north of the Gallatin Rest Home which can drain to the N. 7th Avenue area, through Royal Vista Subdivision. The east side of the study area is served by a 15-inch vitreous clay trunkline lying parallel to, and west of the N. 8th Avenue alignment. Near the Royal Vista Subdivision, it is joined by other trunklines serving the N. 7th Avenue and Interstate-90 interchange and it becomes progressively larger in size. It then drains across the freeway east of the interchange. Storm Drainage System The Bozeman area west of N. 1 lth Avenue is heavily dependent on the local system of ditches and streams for stormwater control. Future development will continue to use the system. (See Figure 4 for streams and ditches in the study area.) The few physically constructed storm sewers in or near the study area are provided intermittently within the various subdivisions of the study area, such as Royal Vista, Homesites, Maple Terrace, and the north end of Brentwood. Small sections also exist in the area south of Durston Road. The storm sewers typically drain to nearby ditches which eventually join the local system of streams, such as Mandeville Creek and Catron Creek, which flow north through the study area. The Farmer's Canal runs underground along the N. 19th Avenue alignment to Oak Street, then east along the north side of Covered Wagon Mobile Home Park where it emerges and becomes a stream/ditch combination running north through the study area. Parks,Recreation and Open Space The City of Bozeman takes an active interest in its parks, recreational facilities, and open spaces, as is demonstrated in the 1990 Bozeman Area Master Plan Update, 1995 Parks, Open Space, and Trails (P.O.S.T.) Plan Update, 1992 Parks Master Plan, and Bozeman Bicycle Plan. These documents are available to the general public for additional information on particular planning efforts. Parks The 1990 Master Plan Update uses a park classification system that includes five categories: Community, Neighborhood, Tot-lot, Specialty, and Linear. Each category has particular characteristics that are fairly well described by the name. There are currently four public and private parks in the study area;three neighborhood parks and one community park. (1) North Ninth Park, west of the Royal Vista Subdivision, is roughly 1.0 acre in size and undeveloped. (2) A small park in the Brentwood Subdivision at the intersection of Annie Street and N. 22nd Avenue is roughly 0.5 acres in size and developed. This is a private park since parkland dedication for the land in and around the Brentwood Subdivision was aggregated to form the nucleus of Rose Park and did not include this small park. (3) A private park located in the middle of the Covered Wagon Mobile Home Park is roughly 3.0 acres in size and developed. (4) Rose Park, a community park, is located northwest of the Brentwood Subdivision on the north side of the Oak Street extension, approximately 1/4 mile west of N. 19th Avenue. It is approximately 21 acres in size and undeveloped. Rose Park is planned by the Bozeman Recreation and Parks Advisory Board to develop as a community park. The Advisory Board Page 19 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan and City wish to further enlarge it to become a regional park in the 100-acre size range. Private parties are actively engaged in the effort to expand the park. Open Space and Trail Corridors The 1990 Master Plan Update and P.O.S.T. Plan identify open space and trail corridors. The Master Plan designates open space corridors that often follow streams and ditches which are protected in the Zoning Ordinance with a 35 foot "watercourse setback" to either side of a stream or stream/ditch combination. This is also recognized as the desirable width for all open space corridors. The P.O.S.T. Plan designates desirable trail corridors. In some instances, trail corridors follow open space corridors and in other instances they are separate. The 1990 Master Plan Update delineates one open space corridor in the study area. It generally follows a stream/ditch combination on the west of N. 19th Avenue, which flows between the intersections with Durston Road and Baxter-Lane, and along the west side of the Brentwood Subdivision. At Baxter Lane it branches to the north and west. The P.O.S.T. Plan builds on the Master Plan and envisions a network of trail corridors running through the study area and generally converging at Rose Park (see Figure 8). Trail corridors are expected to generally follow the N. 19th Avenue and Oak Street alignments. Another trail corridor is planned and partially constructed to connect Rose Park to the Bozeman Ponds, to the south. A short segment of trail has been built through the Brentwood Subdivision. The Recreation and Parks Advisory Board has indicated a need for trail corridors in the study area in addition to those described in the P.O.S.T. Plan. The optimal location for these corridors was determined to be along local streams and ditches such as Mandeville Creek, Walton's Ditch, Farmer's Canal, and East and West Catron Creeks. An additional corridor should follow Baxter Lane to provide an east-west connection across other trail corridors. The purpose of trail corridors is to provide linkages between different areas of the City for pedestrian and bicycle use. Trail corridors provide for transportation alternatives to automobiles for individuals working and residing in the area. This will reduce traffic, improve air quality, and provide for recreation opportunities. Trail corridors in the study area are also intended to provide a number of secondary objectives in addition to those stipulated in the Master Plan. These include mitigating noise and visual impacts, and enhancing the City's entryway corridors. Transportation The major existing transportation network in the N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street study area can be grouped into two categories: (1) those within the study area, and (2) those on the perimeter of the study area. The transportation routes that he within the study area are N. 19th Avenue, Oak Street, and Baxter Lane. The transportation routes that follow the perimeter of the study area are Interstate-90, N. 7th Avenue, and Durston Road (see Figure 7). Page 20 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan The following analysis provides information on specific transportation routes using five categories: classification, right-of-way width, pavement characteristics, street improvements and access. The last category (access) addresses the level of control that the Montana Department of Transportation places on a road. "Limited access" routes have access locations identified along their length that are agreed to by the landowners, the City of Bozeman, and the state. Accesses identified as public streets have a public-access-easement attached to them. In order to maintain the functionality of these streets as arterials, access to them should be limited to the identified access points. The category "street improvements" identifies bike lanes when they are included in the construction drawings of the road. N. 19th Avenue N. 19th Avenue runs north-south through the study area from Durston Road to Interstate-90 and on to Springhill Road. N. 19th Avenue and its accompanying freeway interchange were completed in mid-1995. The speed limit on N. 19th Avenue is posted at 45 miles per hour, however speeds often reach up to 60 miles per hour. N. 19th Avenue is identified as an arterial in the current Master Plan. The right-of-way width is generally 115 feet between Durston Road and Stevens Way (much by easement), generally 155 feet between Stevens Way and Oak Street (much by easement), 120 feet between Oak Street and Baxter Lane, and varies from 125 feet to 175 feet between Baxter Lane and Valley Center Road. In terms of pavement characteristics, N. 19th Avenue's is a 78 foot wide four-lane-plus-median state- standard highway from Durston Road to Oak Street, and a 60 foot wide two-lane-plus-median state-standard highway between Oak Street and Interstate-90. Curb and sidewalk improvements and shoulder/bike lanes currently exist between Durston Road and Oak Street. N. 19th Avenue is categorized as "Limited Access" along the length north of Durston Road. This roughly two-mile stretch has nine accesses along the west side (excluding existing street accesses and Oak Street) two of which are for public streets (Steven's Way and another further south). There are twelve accesses along the east side (excluding existing street accesses and Oak Street) six of which are located south of Stevens Way; two for public streets (Dead Man's Gulch and at what has been identified as the mid-line road north of Oak Street). Oak Street Oak Street currently exists only as intersection improvements at N. 7th and N. 19th Avenues. However, Oak Street is planned to be extended east and west in three stages: (1) between N. 7th and N. 19th Avenues beginning in 1996 or 1997, (2) between N. 19th Avenue and Rose Park beginning in 1996, and (3) between N. 7th Avenue and N. Rouse Avenue in the near future (street not designed yet). Initial construction of the N. 7th to N. 19th Avenue segment will be a two-lane-with-shoulders road with other improvements to be added in the future. Oak Street is delineated in the current Master Plan as a proposed major arterial east of N. 19th Avenue, and as a proposed collector west of N. 19th Avenue. For right-of-way width, Oak Street will be 95 feet wide just to the west of N. 7th Avenue, increasing to 100 feet west of N. 9th Avenue and to 120 feet along the north edge of the Covered Wagon Mobile Home Park. Oak Street will be 65 feet wide west of N. 19th Avenue, and vary between 65 feet to 90 feet wide east of N. 7th Avenue. Oak Street will be constructed as a 25 foot wide, two- Page 21 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan lane City-standard street west of N. 7th Avenue, transitioning to a 60 foot wide two-lane- plus-median City-standard street near N. 8th Avenue, and again transitioning to a 78 foot wide four-lane-plus-median City-standard street between N. IIth and N. 19th Avenues. Finally, Oak Street will be a 42 foot wide two-lane-plus-parking City-standard street west of N. 19th Avenue. Curbside sidewalks at N. 7th Avenue, will become boulevard sidewalks between N. 8th Avenue and Rose Park, there will be shoulders between N. 8th and N. 19th Avenues only, and bike lanes will occupy the shoulders between N. IIth and N. 19th Avenues. Oak Street will be designated as "limited access" between N. 7th and N. 19th Avenues; accesses are more frequent on the east side of N. 1 lth Avenue (1/4 mile in length) than the west side (1/2 mile in length). Of the six accesses along the north side of Oak Street two are for public streets (N. 1 Ith Avenue and approximately N. 17th or 18th Avenue); three accesses are east of the N. 1 lth Avenue access, and two are to the west, all are irregularly spaced. Of the nine accesses along the south side of Oak Street, three are for public streets (N. 9th, N. 1 lth, and N. 17th Avenues); four accesses are east of the N. 1 lth Avenue access and four are to the west, all are irregularly spaced. Baxter Lane Baxter Lane extends west from N. 7th Avenue through the study area and provides access to local county lands west of the study area. It parallels Interstate-90 between N. 7th Avenue and Simmental Way, where it is state owned. Baxter Lane is an arterial east of N. 19th Avenue in the current Master Plan, and a collector for its entire length in the Transportation Plan. Baxter Lane is generally 60 feet wide, except when parallel to Interstate-90 where it is part of the Interstate-90 right-of-way. Baxter Lane is constructed as a 24 foot wide two-lane county-standard road, except when parallel to Interstate-90 where it is a 24 foot wide two- lane state-standard highway. No street improvements are planned for Baxter Lane. Baxter Lane has no access restrictions along its length, except when parallel to Interstate-90 where access permits are required from the Montana Department of Transportation(MDOT). Interstate-90 Interstate-90 is a federal interstate highway and a regional transportation corridor. A network of other highways and local roads aid Interstate-90 in providing access to the area northwest of Bozeman. These include State Highway No. 10 and Springhill Road (a paved, county- standard road) which connect Interstate-90, N. 7th Avenue, and N. 19th Avenue together. Interstate-90 is classified as a principle arterial in the current Master Plan and Transportation Plan. Its right-of-way width is 220 feet wide, except when parallel to Baxter Lane where it is 315 feet wide. Interstate-90 consists of two 24 foot wide two-lane federal-standard roadbeds with a 46 foot median. There are no street improvements on Interstate-90, and access is fully controlled by the Montana Department of Transportation. N. 7th Avenue N. 7th Avenue runs north-south along the easternmost edge of the study area, and will be a principle travel route to the study area from the east. N. 7th Avenue is designated as a principle arterial in the current Master Plan and Transportation Plan. The right-of-way width Page 22 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan is generally 160' feet wide between the Interstate-90 interchange and Oak Street, and 100 feet wide south of Oak Street. N. 7th is constructed as an 89 foot wide four-lane-plus-median state-standard highway. Curb and sidewalks are installed intermittently and generally by landowners. There are no access restrictions other than obtaining permits from MDOT. Durston Road Durston Road runs east-west along the south edge of the study area and provides access to local county lands west of the study area. It is a "road-by-use" which means that there is no dedicated right-of-way. The section within the City limits is maintained by the City, the rest is maintained by Gallatin County. The City is currently planning a major upgrade for Durston Road. The improvements are described below. In the Transportation Plan, Durston Road is classified as a minor arterial east of N. 19th Avenue and as a collector to the west. In the current Master Plan, Durston Road is listed as a major arterial west of N. 19th Avenue. As stated above, Durston Road has no dedicated right-of-way, but has a presumed 60 foot use area. Developed lands within the City limits may have easements or dedicated rights-of-way along adjacent segments of road; additional right-of-way may be needed for improvements. Durston Road is currently a 24 foot wide two-lane county-standard road, and improvements should include a 48 foot wide two-lane-plus-turn-lane City-standard street. Street improvements should include 5-foot bike lanes and curbside sidewalks. Durston Road has no access restrictions along its length. Historic Resources Two historic resource reconnaissance surveys have been conducted in the N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street study area. The first was in 1985 as part of a City-wide effort, and the second in 1996 as part of this planning effort. For the most part, the study area is undeveloped and therefore there are few historic resources. The historic resources that are present have a character that is derived from the rural and agricultural nature of the area during the early part of this century. These historic resources are generally found along the southern edge of the study area on both sides of Durston Road. Six properties were identified that have the potential for listing on the National Register of Historic Places on the basis of architectural merit alone. Two properties are located on the north side of Durston Road; three on the south side of Durston Road; and one at the intersection of Baxter Lane and N. 19th Avenue. No research into the history of the properties has been undertaken, however there has been some indication that the two properties on the north side of Durston Road may have links to historic people of Bozeman. Further research needs to be undertaken to confirm historic information and to inventory the properties in more detail. Where appropriate, eligible properties should be nominated for the National Register of Historic Places. The Bozeman Historic Preservation Officer submitted a reconnaissance inventory and report describing historic properties in the study area (see Historic Resources of the N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan Area in Appendix Q. The report notes: Page 23 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan "More than simply reflective of the Gallatin Valley's cultural heritage, these historic sites are some of the only remaining agricultural-related properties within Bozeman's jurisdictional area. Furthermore, their aesthetic beauty and high visibility will undoubtedly leave a lasting impression of the character of the Bozeman area with Bozeman visitors". Buildings of historical significance within the Bozeman Conservation Overlay District are fairly easy to protect against incompatible development. This is not so with historic buildings outside the district, as is the situation in the study area. Listing on the National Register increases a building's protection. In order to preserve these elements of cultural heritage located in the study area, it is important to buffer them from nearby land-uses that would increase pressure to either change the use of the properties, or demolish them in favor of more intense development. Housine In the 1990 U.S. Census, the study area had approximately 267 housing units which housed approximately 537 people. According to City-County Planning Staff estimates, the number of housing units in the study area had grown to approximately 550 housing units by 1996 and housed roughly 1,290 people. Therefore, the number of housing units in the study area grew by 283 units between 1990 and 1996 - a 106 percent increase. In 1992, a City consultant projected that by the year 2000 the study area would have 588 housing units and a population of 1,273. Therefore, in 1996 the study area has nearly surpassed this 2000 housing unit projection, and has already surpassed the 2000 population projection. The same consultant projected that the study area would have 729 housing units by 2010, and a population of 1,629. It is important to note that transportation planning for the study area is based on 2000 and 2010 Transportation Plan consultant projections for housing units and population. Of the existing housing units in the study area, approximately 250 units are manufactured homes in the Covered Wagon Mobile Home Park and in the Homesites Subdivision. Fifty units are found in the Gallatin County Rest Home, and another 60 in the Legion Villa Apartments. Most of the increase in housing between 1990 and 1996 is a result of the Annie and Brentwood Subdivisions. In addition to the existing housing, many new units are currently under construction. For example, the Arcadia Garden apartment complex, currently under construction at the comer of N. 19th Avenue and Durston Road, will have 160 apartment units. On 26 July 1993, the City of Bozeman adopted an affordable housing policy. The goals and objectives of the affordable housing policy have been considered during this sub-area master planning process, and will continue to be used as the City considers zoning and site specific development proposals. The mission statement of this policy reads as follows: Page 24 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan "To encourage the development of safe, decent, affordable housing in the jurisdictional area of Bozeman for low- and moderate-income citizens using resources from local, state, and federal government, in partnership with the non-profit and private sectors of the community. " The City's affordable housing policy's guidelines include the following: 1. Multifamily rental projects will have lower income guidelines than single-family owner-occupied properties. 2. City programs will address niches in the housing market that are not currently being addressed through other programs or that are addressed inadequately. 3. Initial emphasis for assisting housing development in Bozeman will be on multifamily projects, manufactured homes,and modular homes,with some assistance for site built,detached homes. 4. Affordable housing units will be designed with accessibility needs in mind. Modifications will be made to the units based on the needs of individuals on housing waiting lists. HUD standards for accessibility will be the standards used by the City. 5. To assure long-term affordability, energy-efficient construction practices will be included in criteria for awarding development concessions. 6. General health, safety, and welfare issues will not be compromised when awarding any development concessions. In addition, overall quality of life concerns will be considered as a part of any development concessions. 7. Concerns of existing neighborhoods related to increased densities, generally associated with affordable housing developments, will be given consideration. However, neighborhood impacts will be weighted along with the benefits to the community as a whole. Schools School District #7 has one public elementary school, Emily Dickinson Elementary, within the study area. This school is located within the Annie Subdivision, adjacent to the Brentwood Subdivision and Rose Park. A representative of School District #7 indicated that planning efforts for the N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street area would not impact the School District's plans for future school construction. He said that generally, the construction of schools follows growth instead of leading it. With the current land use and zoning designations for the study area, the School District has no plans to build any new schools in the study area. However, it is important to note that Emily Dickinson was planned and constructed based on current land use and zoning designations. Sound planning dictates that substantial amounts of residential uses remain near public facilities such as Emily Dickinson and Rose Park. 3.1.5 Land Use Inventory National Land Use Ratios Land-Use ratios refer to the breakdown of various categories of land as a percentage of the total amount of land in a community. Because the ratios are derived from the acreage totals they do not represent the spatial arrangement or patterns of cities. Land-use ratios are most useful to those involved in master planning and long-range development, because these data are necessary in determining what mix of land uses should be encouraged in the future. Page 25 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan Table 5: Comparison of Land Use Ratios Bozeman vs. National Average for Cities Under 100,000 Population Bozeman National Residential' 41.75% 52% Commercia12 12.64% 10% Industrial' 10.74% 7% Public' 34.87% 31% Notes: 1. Residential was comprised of the AS,RS,R-1,R-2,R-2A,R-3,R-3A,R-MH and R-4 zones. 2. Commercial was comprised of the B-1,B-2,B-3,BP, and R-O zones. 3. Industrial was comprised of the M-1 and M-2 zones. 4. Public was comprised of the PLI, including MSU, and a factor estimating the average right-of-way for each zone based on sampling. Additional acreage was added to reflect those areas which were zoned differently but were being used for public pinks and schools. These areas were subtracted from their designated zone areas to prevent double counting. The Public category is irther broken down as follows: • MSU-9.74 percent of the total land area of the City not including Story Hills. • PLI- 6.01 percent of the total land area of the City not including Story Hills. The Gallatin County Fairgrounds,Lindley Park, and the High School are in this category. • Parks with other zoning designations 2.11 percent • Public Right-of-way 19.12 percent While it is often helpful to examine the land-use ratio of an individual community against the averages of other cities in identifying trends and general guidelines, there are some possible problems. Any city is a unique entity with constraints and opportunities which are not taken into account in the averaging process. When looking at future mixes of land-uses it is important to remember that any national average is only a guideline. Table 5 shows the national average ratios for communities under 100,000 in population(see Appendix D for land use ratios for Great Falls, MT). Land use ratios for the City of Bozeman have also been calculated. Some modifications have been made, as noted below, so that the ratios would be comparable. Additional explanation follows the table. The Land-Use Ratios illustrated by the national figures are calculated as a percentage of the developed land within communities. Therefore, agricultural and vacant lands were not figured in.' This results in a more accurate representation of the breakdown of land uses in the urbanized portion of each city. For the City of Bozeman no accurate data exists based only on developed land. Therefore, the amount of land was calculated using zoning classifications. Additional refinement of the information is possible but would require more time than is available for this study. City of Bozeman/Extraterritorial Area Zonin!?Inventory As directed by the Planning Board, the City-County Planning Office has prepared an inventory of the acreage in the various zones in the City of Bozeman and the Extra- Territorial Zoning area. The information for this inventory was taken from the Official Zoning Maps of the City of Bozeman and the Extra-Territorial area. Page 26 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan The acreage and associated percentages of the various zones includes roads, which may occupy 20 to 26 percent of the total land area of a development. The current inventory is not able to adequately quantify the total amount or percentage of roadway in the City, but indications based on sampling in a residential area are that the higher percentages are more likely accurate. One reason for the higher amount of roadway is the prevalence of alleys throughout the older parts of the City. The information was gathered from the best information available. It is estimated that the information presented has an error rate of less than ten percent (10 percent). The inventory only presents a snapshot of what conditions were in existence at the time the maps were prepared. Several zone changes and annexations are being processed at this time. As changes are made, updates will need to be prepared. The process of updates and the accuracy of the report will be substantially improved as the City and County implement Geographic Information Systems. Local Land Use Desienations Bozeman has several characteristics which will necessitate modifications in the preferred mix of land-uses. First, the presence of Montana State University, which occupies 9.1 percent of the total land area of the City. As a public institution MSU is zoned as Public Land and Institutions. MSU is also the largest employer in Bozeman and provides employment that would be provided in commercial or industrial areas in other cities of equivalent size. Second, Bozeman is functionally a major metropolitan area which provides services to several outlying areas. The Gallatin Valley Development Corporation states that Bozeman's primary trade area extends over a five county area and serves a population in excess of 77,000. To serve this large external market, Bozeman must provide more land for commercial and service activities than would normally be provided in a comparably sized city. Third, a substantial number of tourists pass through and select Bozeman as a destination. To provide for tourists, as with the residents of outlying areas mentioned above, greater commercial areas must be provided within Bozeman than might apply to other similarly sized cities. Some other factors could not be adequately reflected in the ratios calculated above. First, Story Hills includes 454.34 acres within the City limits; however due to incorrect infrastructure, building permits are not being issued for this area. For this reason, it was excluded from the calculations. This area comprises almost 40 percent of all land within the City which is zoned as PLI, but is not part of MSU. It also holds almost 12 percent of all land zoned as R-3, the largest residential zoning category. The removal of this area from consideration when calculating land use and available land for development is strongly recommended by the Planning Office. Second, many areas of the City that are used for PLI- type land uses such as schools and parks are actually zoned for residential uses. This comprises 5 percent of the land zoned for residential uses within the City boundaries. Page 27 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan Table 6: Zone Areas Within City Limits Zone Designation Average Size of Number of Zones Size of Area Percent of Total Zone(Acres) (Acres) AS 78.1 3 234 3.4 percent B-1 6.4 8 51 0.7 percent B-2 271.5 2 543 7.9 percent B-3 35.5 4 142 2.1 percent BP 42.4 6 255 3.7 percent M-1 60.5 10 605 8.8 percent M-2 70.4 3 211 3.1 percent PLI 56.5 12 678 9.8 percent PLI-MSU 626.4 1 626 9.1 percent R-1 44.6 6 268 3.9 percent R-2 85.1 11 937 13.6 percent R-2-A 49.1 1 49 0.7 percent R-3 29.2 36 1,051 15.3 percent R-3-A 33.3 15 499 7.2 percent R4 16.8 23 385 5.6 percent R-MH 31.1 1 31 0.5 percent R-O 7.0 15 104 1.5 percent PS 36.4 6 219 3.2 percent TOTAL 6,888 acres 100.0 percent Table 7: Zone Areas Within the Extra-Territorial Area Zone Designation Average Size of Number of Zones Size of Area Percent of Total Zone(Acres) (Acres) AS 7,827.8 3 23,483 78.9 percent B-1 10.4 2 21 0.1 percent B-2 11.0 3 33 0.1 percent BP 137.7 1 138 0.5 percent M-1 15.8 6 95 0.3 percent M-2 184.7 1 185 0.6 percent PLI 73.7 5 369 1.2 percent R-1 67.5 2 135 0.5 percent R-2 13.3 1 13 0.0 percent R-3 65.7 5 328 1.1 percent R-MH 63.4 2 127 0.4 percent R-O 17.9 8 144 0.5 percent RS 115.2 35 4,030 13.5 percent ZDI* 130.9 5 654 2.2 percent TOTAL 29,755 acres 100.0 percent 'Gallatin Coung,zoning district no.1. Page 28 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan Land Allocations/Availability Each of the commercial zones listed in Table 8 has a different character and intent. The B-1 zone is intended to provide for small retail and service activities which are frequently required by neighborhood residents on a day-to-day basis while maintaining a residential character. Ease of access by pedestrians, bicyclists, and autos is important. This zone is the most restrictive commercial zone both in terms of the permitted uses and physical features such as building size and required setbacks. B-2 zoning is oriented to major arterial streets for a wide range of retail and service functions. This is an auto-oriented type of zoning and the businesses located in it are ones which the average person does not need to use on a daily basis. The scale of the businesses located in the B-2 zoning districts are usually large or intended to serve high volumes of customers on site. The Central Business District is the B-3 zone. The intent of this zoning, where there is a single area unlike the other commercial zones, is to provide a central area for the community's business, government, service, and cultural activities. High volume, pedestrian-oriented uses are strongly encouraged inside this historically and architecturally rich area with many shops and galleries oriented to tourists as well as the year-round residents of Bozeman. As discussed before, Bozeman has a need to provide commercial and service areas at a higher level than other similarly sized cities. As many people travel to Bozeman to shop or recreate the B-2 and B-3 zoning will need to be larger in area than would be supported by Bozeman residents alone. Table 8: Commercial Land -Zoning and its Relative Quantities and Ratios Acres Percent of Total Total Commercial 726.373 100.00% B-1 42.275 5.82% B-2 392.551 54.04% B-3 79.464 10.94% BP 212.083 29.20% The Commercial zoning shown in Table 8 can be designated with either the BP/I or Commercial Master Plan categories. It is important to differentiate between an area which is Master Planned as a commercial use and a commercially zoned area. The Master Plan tries to anticipate and guide future needs of the City over a twenty-year horizon while zoning is oriented to a more short term, immediate need and use. Neither one is a guarantee that landholders are willing to develop or sell their land for any particular type of use. Many times a Master Plan may indicate a future use of an area in advance of a need or ability to provide infrastructure to develop a parcel of land. Table 8 addresses only the total area zoned for each zoning category. It does not indicate how much has been developed or how much is available for future development. A private study submitted to the Planning Office which indicates the difference between Master Plan and zoning designations and availability, indicates that most of the land currently Page 29 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan zoned commercial and immediately available for new businesses is in small parcels scattered across the City. Several large areas zoned for commercial use have received preliminary approval or are awaiting development and installation of infrastructure. Table 9: Industrial Land-Zoning and its Relative Quantities and Ratios Acres Percent of Total All Industrial 691.233 100.00% M-1 486.943 70.44% M-2 204.290 29.55% The Industrial zoning classifications are equivalent in setbacks and other physical controls to development. The difference lies in the types of uses intended for each. M-1 is designated as Light Manufacturing and allows a fairly wide variety of non-manufacturing uses such as offices, certain types of schools, and limited retail facilities. M-1 designations may be found in proximity to residential uses and development may need to provide visual screening or other impact mitigation measures. M-2 is the Manufacturing and Industrial category for the City of Bozeman. Heavy industry, defined as industries which have detectable off-site impacts or explosion hazards, are to be placed within this district. All M-2 districts in the City are buffered from residential areas by other nonresidential zoning districts or substantial right-of- ways. Both of these zoning districts provide needed services and employment in the Bozeman area. 3.1.6 Capital Improvements Program Transportation The N. 19th Avenue corridor and Interstate-90 interchange are the largest transportation influences in the study area. The 1993 Bozeman Urban Transportation Plan Update estimates that by the year 2010 traffic counts along N. 19th Avenue will vary between 9,500 and 23,900 cars per day at its north and south ends respectively. The completion of Oak Street connecting N. 19th and N. 7th Avenues is estimated to carry 9,000 cars per day by the year 2010. Upon completion of Oak Street between N. 19th and N. 7th Avenues, the northwest quadrant of the study area will be surrounded by roads capable of carrying 12,000 cars or more per day. Several study area transportation improvements are currently needed or are projected to be needed in the foreseeable future (see Figure 6). The project with the highest priority in the study area is the completion of the Oak Street extension between N. 19th and N. 7th Avenues. Construction of this project would help to relieve congestion on N. 7th Avenue, which is approaching full capacity. The intersection of N. 7th Avenue and Baxter Lane currently functions at an unacceptable level of service. The extension of Oak Street, and the traffic signal at its intersection with N. 7th Avenue, should help to facilitate movement to the west and relocate some of the traffic currently using Baxter Lane. Construction on this project is scheduled to commence the summer of 1996, with completion being anticipated by fall 1997. Page 30 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan In the 1993 Bozeman Urban Transportation Plan Update, the intersection of Oak Street and N. 19th Avenue and the intersection of-Baxter Lane and N. 19th Avenue are projected to need signals by the year 2010. Projects developing along the N. 19th Avenue corridor should be expected to participate in the funding of these traffic signals. The presence of traffic signals would enhance pedestrian and bicycle movement along and across N. 19th Avenue and its cross streets. Residential development west of N. 19th Avenue would then be able to access services and employment opportunities east of N. 19th Avenue without using cars, thereby reducing vehicular traffic and congestion. Additional north-south routes provided by the continuation of N. 1 lth and N. 15th Avenues from Durston Road will also be developed. N. 1 lth and N. 15th Avenues are anticipated to function as either collectors or minor collectors as defined in the 1993 Bozeman Urban Transportation Plan Update. East-west travel will be facilitated by a new road to be located midway between Oak Street and Baxter Lane and continuing west of N. 19th Avenue, as well as by the extension of Oak Street west of N. 19th Avenue and the extension of Juniper Street to connect N. 7th and N. 19th Avenues. North of Baxter Lane, the extension to the west of Rawhide Ridge Court and Dead Man's Gulch Court would provide for east-west access for most of the area south of Interstate-90 and the Valley Center Highway. N. 19th Avenue is currently developed to the full urban standard up to its intersection with the proposed extension of Oak Street. North of this point, it is developed as a `rural standard' which does not have curbing, boulevards, or sidewalks. As development proceeds along this corridor this remaining work will need to be done. This may be accomplished either through conditions at the time of development at whatever schedule that may be, or through the use of an SID/RID. A similar situation is anticipated with Oak Street, which initially may be constructed without curbs or sidewalks and have the improvements completed later as development along the street is accomplished. There will need to be a right-of-way acquisition program along the north side of Oak Street to provide for pedestrian and bicycle circulation and to attain a linkage of pedestrian trails into the existing and proposed trail system through the City of Bozeman. This may be accomplished through use of required setbacks for entryway corridors. The portion of Oak Street between N. 7th and N. 19th Avenues is proposed in the 1990 Master Plan Update to be a major arterial; and west of N. 19th Avenue it is proposed as a collector. N. 1 lth Avenue is anticipated to be developed as a collector according to the 1990 Master Plan Update. N. 15th Avenue is also proposed as a collector street. Public input suggests that it is important to protect the nature of N. 19th Avenue as an arterial. The most effective way to do this is to restrict the number of accesses to the street. Access to N. 19th Avenue is controlled by the Montana Department of Transportation, which has designated it as a limited access road. As the City reviews development along N. 19th Avenue, care should be taken to ensure that access to adjacent property is taken from Oak Street, Baxter Lane, or other significant east-west streets rather than directly from N. 19th Avenue via curb cuts. Page 31 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan N. 19th Avenue's designation as an arterial means that it will carry many thousands of cars daily. This will create a substantial amount of noise, fumes, and other undesirable effects. In order to prevent harm to adjacent properties, visual screening, greenbelts, and other techniques should be used to minimize the negative effects. The provision of greenbelts in conjunction with the entryway corridor overlay zones will allow for the placement of pedestrian trails and walkways which will help to reduce traffic. Mitigation should also incorporate design elements to enhance and maintain N. 19th Avenue as an attractive entryway to the community. Municipal Water System As part of the 1996 Oak Street connection project between N. 19th and N. 7th Avenues, a 12- inch diameter water main will be installed (see Figure 6). This line will allow development along the Oak Street corridor with small intermediate loops oriented to the north and south. A future extension of this line from the intersection of N. 19th Avenue and Oak Street will proceed north to Baxter Lane, then easterly across Interstate-90 and connect to an existing water line at Mandeville Lane. This extension will provide a large loop in the main water supply system to protect against damaged lines or other possible interference with water delivery. Without this extension, the development of property adjacent to Baxter Lane will not be possible. The construction of this extension is anticipated in the next five (5) years and has been identified as a project eligible for at least partial funding through impact fees. A portion of the study area is within the plume of the Bozeman Solvent Site, which will impose restrictions on the use of ground water within the boundaries of the Site. Storm Drainage No City storm sewer is available within the majority of the study area. As no storm sewage facilities are available to transport stormwater to other locations, provision for on-site retention or detention, treatment, and release should be made. Storm drainage in this area may make use of several existing north-south ditches or streams after being detained and treated for contaminants. The ditches must be perpetuated unless the owner of the ditch formally abandons them. Some of these ditches have associated wetlands which must be accommodated during the development process. The Farmer's Canal is currently enclosed along N. 19th Avenue from Main Street to Oak Street and then east along the Oak Street right-of-way. Beyond its outfall point it is no longer considered to be the Farmer's Canal. Municipal Sewer System The areas along the western side of N. 19th Avenue and Baxter Lane are adequately served by existing sewer lines. The area north of Baxter Lane and west of N. 19th Avenue will possibly need a new sewer collector due to the topography and the slope required for a gravity sewer. The area east of N. 19th Avenue and north of Oak Street is separated into two sewer drainage zones in the Wastewater Facilities Plan prepared by HKM and Associates. The dividing line roughly follows a northerly extension of N. 1 lth Avenue as shown on Figure 6. The western Page 32 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan area will drain to an existing 24-inch sewer main which is currently used at less than half of its capacity. A new sewer line following the Baxter Lane alignment will need to be provided to connect to the 24-inch interceptor. This line is indicated in the Impact Fee Capital Improvement Plan as extending from the future extension of N. I Ith Avenue to N. 19th Avenue. Additional sewer lines could then extend to the south along the Baxter Lane alignment. The eastern area will drain to existing lines which have occasional surcharging. Any development in this area will need to carefully examine sewer capacity and possibly provide off-site work to remove bottlenecks in the existing line. Impact Fees In January of 1996, the City of Bozeman initiated an impact fees program which began the collection of fees on March 23, 1996. The primary role of impact fees is to assist in the implementation of a Master Plan by directing growth through the timing and location of municipal infrastructure. As part of the Impact Fee process a Capital Improvements Program (CIP) will schedule growth-related infrastructure improvements for Water, Sewer, Fire Protection and Street. The Capital Improvements Program is prepared on an annual basis and addresses impact fee expenditures over a five-year time frame. During the annual revisions, priorities may be changed. Land will only be able to be developed when certain basic conditions are met, including provisions for pedestrian and vehicular access, potable water, and sewage disposal. The City is currently using a CIP which schedules several projects for construction in the next five years in the study area, including two water lines and a sewer line. Other projects, including the extension of N. 1 lth and 15th Avenues, may be included on future Impact Fee Capital Improvement Plans. Any development occurring in the N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street area which is within City limits or receiving City services will be assessed impact fees. Page 33 J: E j:.;` •.r U ��l1\� K) 1� aC.{ ` t\i `i I n t ��•��ln •. �,+ r �� r` �.�1vdl�, �r ' :r ��t�r k{�P`.,ri'if -�. f r 9f`�� ,11-•, h r �.1' '��r }3r�•1' � `�I ' �?��,I, � �r}�� '3�-`t ,�i.r. F�1y��r ,F :.it. r/E II >:��,1.1'F:f' �1�y�[1v �;'•' i 2•, lltl yi��f' ,i �'1� /�'YS•I n 1'1' ��i��'',,i.:»Ha^na^�'.,,�v.Si' �r,l` 71 t 'i��+•.-,i •� , ' � •'' Lu •"'r ,a. 7J�y lF r �'�'...� t A �,.�,! (N��.:F� �°�'' ;� f �, �r,�•-:�','\1t'ta� 1 .t<�t l� � �� I'� � S � I��j�{IJ�.s" �S � � '1 ; J �! Ali �'•'� �. �•,' � �' �•, . �•I r 7b'�t 4 E1 5 (�� -,4 4 r 1� i rf y �r ! f i � � •e ��. 1.�,�l .{. ,;f �. � r;,. ,? �� J,' ,� � �i •...�'ra.'1 r 1,. '.'d s. r' � � 1 rr'�'!' ;•art — I .• t.i�', .� t �� i� t t ��',�r� i �T,�•� + • � .r', j, •��f� r � r. 4 f' •�•r�4 1•'� ,)) r }R' •I��/lilrl/ r r s , A ss -rj>.1 11 r �' lYr fl ;I� -''wti r i �� ,.. I, " �({,� f ,• i..ti� "r�'f.,��.�.r It rj+��•L�... ). -rt, r'M.1,1! .,,� k �;it ' 7i,. 111'1'1��I.P ,4} '�C/'1i,1 i�Y�1,,1�J''? .,,i� �' �.�. GOALS, OBJECTIVES AND IMPLEMENTATION POLICIES CHAPTER IV t I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan IV. GOALS, OBJECTIVES AND IMPLEMENTATION POLICIES The community's pristine and fragile high-mountain setting, and the need for orderly and attractive development, is already recognized as a priority in the goals, objectives, and implementation policies of the 1990 Bozeman Area Master Plan Update. However, these general strategies for the future growth of the community as a whole lack the emphasis and specificity to guide growth and future development in the N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street corridor, which is one of the few remaining undeveloped agricultural areas within the Bozeman community and outlying area. Therefore, the N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan will be an important mechanism for achieving the goals,policies and objectives outlined in the 1990 Bozeman Area Master Plan Update. This chapter presents the goals, objectives and policies by subject area in non-prioritized order. The goals are intended to define broad intentions in each subject area. The objectives are intended to identify basic approaches to achieving those goals. The policies listed flow directly from the goals and objectives to specifically outline what actions will be taken by the City of Bozeman and Gallatin County to achieve implementation of the plan. Because this document serves as a supplemental plan for the study area, the goals, objectives and implementation policies adopted in the Bozeman Area Master Plan will also apply to the N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan. In developing this plan, the Bozeman City-County Planning Board collected and assessed background information, including an inventory and analysis of past and present conditions such as environmental constraints, community impacts, land use inventory and capital facilities planning. This information was evaluated by the Bozeman City-County Planning Board to establish a foundation for formulating strategies for guiding future growth in the study area. These draft goals, objectives and implementation policies were presented at public hearings for community review. A formal recommendation of the Bozeman City-County Planning Board was forwarded by resolution to the Bozeman City Commission and Gallatin County Commission. The goals, objectives and implementation policies set the basis for public and private actions to guide orderly and planned growth within the N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor study area. The Bozeman City Commission and Gallatin County Commission, based on a recommendation from the Bozeman City-County Planning Board, found the following goals, objectives and implementation policies necessary to maintain Bozeman's unique quality of life and environmentally sensitive areas in the N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street area. 4.0 GOAL 1: PROMOTE AND ENHANCE NORTH 19TH AVENUE AND OAK STREET AS MAJOR ENTRYWAYS INTO THE CITY THAT EXEMPLIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF URBAN OPEN SPACE TO THE BASIC QUALITY OF LIFE IN BOZEMAN. Objectives: a. Encourage the development of N. 19th Avenue, and Oak Street between N. 19th and N. 7th Avenues, as aesthetically-pleasing entryways into the City. Page 35 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan c. Develop necessary regulatory strategies to avoid traditional strip commercial development (multiple driveway approaches, uncoordinated signage, piecemeal site development, clutter, lack of planned design schemes, one-lot tier commercial strip) along the N. 19th Avenue and Oak Street entryway corridors. d. Encourage the development of high quality business park/industrial areas in proximity to Interstate-90. e. Promote the preservation of viewsheds and environmentally sensitive lands. Implementation Policies: a. Designate N. 19th Avenue as a Class I entryway corridor roadway between Durston Road and the N. 19th Avenue/Interstate-90 interchange, exclusive of the east side between Durston Road and the south side of Covered Wagon Mobile Home Park which is designated as a Class II entryway corridor in the Bozeman Area Entryway Overlay District of the Zoning Ordinance. Designate Oak Street as a Class I entryway corridor roadway between N. 7th and N. 19th Avenues and a Class II entryway between N. 19th Avenue and Rose Park, in the Bozeman Area Entryway Corridor Overlay District of the Zoning Ordinance. b. Through development of Design Objectives for the N. 19th Avenue Corridor, and application of Planned Unit Development (PUD) guidelines or an alternative development review process designed to achieve the same objectives, establish park-like entryway corridors. c. Implement the limited access design of N. 19th Avenue and Oak Street through subdivision review, PUD review or an alternative development review process designed to achieve the same objectives, and site plan review of proposed development. d. Avoid the placement of commercial and industrial activities along N. 19th Avenue, Oak Street and Baxter Lane without proper design to eliminate visual impacts. e. Establish appropriate zoning classifications and overlay districts that complement rather than detract from existing and planned land uses in the study area. f. Utilize subdivision review, and zoning PUD procedures or an alternative development review process designed to achieve the same objectives, to encourage commercial, business park, light industrial, and residential developments that enhance the first impression of the community, while respecting existing and future development in the area, and while providing for adequate recreational facilities and open space areas. g. Through PUD review or an alternative development review process designed to achieve the same objectives, require the development of green belts and open space within the entryway corridors, as well as internal pedestrian and bicycle circulation facilities. h. Establish guidelines in the Design Objectives Plan for the N. 19th Avenue and Oak Street entryway corridors that mitigate noise and visual impacts generated by the arterial streets. Implementation of guidelines will occur for each proposed development during subdivision review, and through zoning PUD review or an alternative development review process designed to achieve the same objectives. Page 36 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan 4.1 GOAL 2: PROMOTE THE ESTABLISHMENT, UTILIZATION AND/OR PROTECTION OF PARK LAND, OPEN SPACE, TRAIL CORRIDORS AND ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE LANDS TO PROVIDE FOR NEEDED COMMUNITY AMENITIES IN THE STUDY AREA. Objectives: a. Promote the development of Rose Park as a Community Park or a Regional Park, which will provide opportunities for recreation and leisure programs for all age groups. b. Support and establish a network of linear open space/trail corridors for use by the general public. c. Incorporate areas characterized as environmentally sensitive into overall design schemes which protect and enhance such areas rather than damage them. Implementation Policies: a. Establish provisions within zoning and/or subdivision regulations to implement transfer development rights that will enable developers to transfer public park land requirements for commercial and industrial development rights. b. Identify open space, trail corridors and greenbelts within the N. 19th Avenue and Oak Street entryway corridors that link with the community's pedestrian/bike trail system. c. Establish a pedestrian/bikepath trail system for use by individuals working in commercial areas that will link with the area's linear open space/trail system. d. Identify potentially environmentally sensitive lands as areas important for the preservation of the natural environment and community amenities and provide sufficient buffers for protection from future development. Identify these potential areas as an overlay of the Land Use Classification Map of the Master Plan. e.Encourage the use of environmentally sensitive land as open space amenities. f. Protect the region which surrounds Rose Park for development of residential neighborhoods so that residents may benefit from proximity to a community-wide recreational facility. 4.2 GOAL 3: PROVIDE FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMERCIAL AND BUSINESS PARK AREAS THAT ENHANCE THE BOZEMAN ECONOMY WHILE REMAINING SENSITIVE TO EXISTING AND PROPOSED NEIGHBORHOODS, AND WHILE RESPECTING ENVIRONMENTAL AND HISTORIC CONDITIONS IN THE AREA. Objectives: a. Promote and encourage the development of aesthetically-pleasing cluster commercial development on the entryway to the City. b. Recognize the importance of the Bozeman area as a center for commercial activity in the Gallatin Valley and beyond. Provide for commercial destination activities in close proximity to the interstate system. Page 37 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan c. Provide for large business park/industrial lots in appropriate areas within the study area, especially east of N. 19th Avenue and north of Oak Street, to provide for a variety of industrial and commercial activities which are harmonious with the natural environment and image of the entryway corridors. d. Provide a framework of infrastructure and development guidelines that will encourage environmentally friendly companies to locate and thrive within the study area. Implementation Policies: a. Require all non-residential development of lands lying wholly or partially within designated Entryway Corridors to be reviewed in accordance with zoning PUD guidelines and procedures, or an alternative development review process designed to achieve the same objectives, to provide integrated design schemes that effectively promote open space and discourage strip development. b. Establish appropriate zoning classifications in the area based on reasonable community demands,both present and future, and availability of municipal infrastructure. c. Institute a Business Park land use classification in the Land Use Plan for the study area that provides for visually attractive buildings in high-quality settings which harmonize with surrounding or adjacent development and contribute to the overall image of the community. Limit the types of land uses allowed in areas designated for Business Park to `B-P" and "M- 1" zoning districts. 4.3 GOAL 4: PROTECT EXISTING NEIGHBORHOODS AND AREAS DESIGNATED FOR FUTURE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT FROM CONFLICTING LAND USES. Objectives: a. Identify existing and future residential growth patterns in the N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street study area and protect those neighborhoods from commercial and industrial development. b. Implement guidelines in the Bozeman Area Entryway Corridor Overlay District and Design Objectives Plan for the N. 19th Avenue and Oak Street entryway corridors that mitigate impacts on adjacent residential neighborhoods (i.e., noise and visual) from the traffic on the arterial streets. c. Designate land for the development of affordable housing, including manufactured and modular housing, which recognizes existing residential patterns and will allow future residents a choice of living environments. d. Identify and protect historic resources within the study area. Implementation Policies: a. Utilize physical features as logical demarcation boundaries between land use classifications, whenever possible. Page 38 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan b. Institute a "Limited Commercial" land use classification in the Land Use Plan of the study area which minimizes the impacts of commercial development on existing and future residential neighborhoods. Limit the type of commercial land uses allowed in areas designated for "Limited Commercial" development to those uses permitted in the 'B-l" and "R-O" zoning districts. c. Establish through subdivision review, and zoning PUD design or an alternative development review process designed to achieve the same objectives, a logical transition from industrial and commercial to residential land uses that allows medium- and high-density residential along designated arterials if adequately buffered, as a means to further buffer low-density residential development from impacts generated by arterial traffic. d. Require that watercourse corridors (i.e., streams, stream/ditches and irrigation ditches) develop as linear open space/trail corridors for use by the general public and provide neighborhood amenities for residents and employees of the area. e. Establish appropriate zoning classifications to stimulate the development of affordable housing in the area. 4.4 GOAL 5: PROVIDE FOR PUBLIC FACILITIES WHICH CAN ACCOMMODATE PROJECTED GROWTH AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT IN THE AREA. Objectives: a. Promote orderly and adequate timing and sizing of infrastructure development. b. Establish the major east-west and north-south transportation network system for the study area. c. Develop infrastructure in accordance with adopted capital facilities plans. Implementation Policies: a. Utilize impact fees and design review practices and policies to ensure that development contributes to the design and installation of public infrastructure b. Designate N. 11th and N. 15th Avenues as collectors for transportation planning purposes. c. Designate Mid-Line Road and Juniper Avenue as collectors for transportation planning purposes. d. Establish a pedestrian/bike trail system that links residential and commercial areas with the community's network of public corridors for linear open space and trails, and which reduces the overall demand for the use of single-occupancy vehicles in the area. 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MASTER PLAN ELEMENTS Based on the inventory and analysis in Chapter III, and the adopted goals, objectives and policies of the N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan in Chapter IV, this chapter presents the master plan's planning strategies and techniques to implement the adopted goals, objectives and policies, and achieve the vision for development in the N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street area of the community. This section focuses on the key factors needed to accomplish the major recommendations of the plan and is presented in five elements : • Land Use Plan • Parks/Open Space Plan • Transportation Plan • Greenway Corridors Plan • Environmentally Sensitive Areas Plan While other related elements of the comprehensive plan are important, such as water, sanitary sewer, and other public facilities, it is these five elements that will have the most dramatic effect on future development along the two arterial corridors of what will be one of the community's major entryways into the City. The N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan, including the five elements listed above, is intended to provide elected and appointed public officials and municipal staff with a framework within which they can promote and guide orderly, planned growth, which preserves and enhances the community's basic qualities of life. It is also intended to provide clear guidelines and predictability for developers and residents residing in the area. As a result, it is imperative that both the governing bodies of the City and County take actions in land use, parks and open space, transportation, entryway corridors and environmentally sensitive lands. 5.0 LAND USE PLAN Three public forum meetings were held before the Bozeman City-County Planning Board, which offered the general public and area property owners an opportunity to participate in discussions regarding consideration of tentative land use development options for the study area. Three land use development options for the study area were prepared by the Bozeman City-County Planning Office and a fourth option was presented by representatives of the property owners for general discussion. The three options presented by the Planning Staff proposed alternatives for the Land Use Plan element of the N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan, which included two new land use classifications for the study area: 1) Limited Commercial, and 2) Business Park, which emphasized development options along the west side of N. 19th Avenue, between Durston Road and Baxter Lane, and the northwest quadrant of the intersection of N. 19th Avenue and Oak Street. The fourth option prepared by the property owners proposed amendments to the current Land Use Plan for the majority of land currently designated for residential development located in the northeast quadrant of the N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street intersection and along the west side of N. 19th Avenue. The amendments included reclassifying the entire northwest quadrant and west side of N. 19th Avenue, between Baxter Lane and Oak Street, and approximately three acres at the southwest corner, Page 41 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan for commercial and business park/industrial development. The property on the south side of Oak Street between N. 7th Avenue and N. 19th Avenue, and on both sides of N. 19th Avenue between Oak Street and Durston Road, exclusive of the three acres designated for commercial, was proposed for development of limited commercial, consisting of a limited commercial strip along the two arterial streets being approximately one City block wide. After extensive discussions with the general public and area property owners related to the land use development options, and after considering the goals and objectives of the Master Plan for the study area, the Bozeman City-County Planning Board considered a mixture of the four options in preparing a Land Use Plan for the master plan document. The amended land use classifications adopted by the Bozeman City Commission and the Gallatin County Commission for the N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan are identified on Figure 11. The Land Use Plan element of the master plan emphasizes 1) preserving existing watercourses; 2) designating ample land for anticipated residential, commercial and industrial growth in the area; 3) providing commercial activities in proximity to I-90; 4) enhancing entryway corridors into the City; and 5)protecting environmentally sensitive lands. The land use classifications delineated on Figure 11 are not intended to be implemented by appropriate zoning designations until the necessary infrastructure is available to accommodate the planned land use. This policy supports the concept that the Land Use Map represents a long range vision of community growth and development in this area, and also applies to street alignments, open space/trail corridors and "greenway" corridors. 5.0.1 Land Use Classifications To assist in guiding growth that is consistent with the Land Use Plan, it is important to understand the intent of the different land use classifications. In addition to the current land use classifications already identified in the 1990 Bozeman Area Master Plan Update, two new classifications (Limited Commercial and Business Park) are proposed specifically for the N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan. The following definitions for the new land use classifications should be used when utilizing and interpreting the Land Use Plan. Limited Commercial These areas are intended to serve a limited population and provide only for local neighborhood convenience shopping and professional offices. The areas should be buffered and architecturally blended to protect surrounding neighborhoods and areas designated for future residential development. Buildings should be limited to a design and scale that complements residential development. Appropriate zoning designations would include "B-1", Neighborhood Service District. Business Park These areas are intended to provide for and encourage development of high technology industries, research establishments and regional office headquarters. Page 42 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan Business Park requires attractive and well planned surroundings set in a high quality setting developed to recognize the impact on adjacent development and contribute to the overall image of the community. Appropriate zoning designations would be 'BP", Business Park District, and "M-1", Light Manufacturing District. The boundaries of the land use classifications shown on the Land Use Plan are located along significant natural or man-made features wherever possible to aid in identification. These features include watercourses, streets, subdivisions, property boundaries and existing development. The land use classification boundaries represent general recommendations for future development. However, the precise location of the boundaries may not always be critical. Variations of many feet, particularly where no significant natural or man-made feature is present, may be acceptable. It will be the responsibility of the Planning Department, based upon the recommendations of the Planning Board and guidance provided by the N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan,to establish boundaries if questions arise. 5.0.2 Land Use Implementation Guidelines Most land development within the N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor study area will be conducted by private developers (exceptions might be parks and revitalization projects). With the exception of public facility and utility improvements installed by the City, it will be the development sector that actually implements the Land Use Plan. It is therefore important for both developers and the governing bodies to have clear, predictable guidelines to follow when reviewing and making decisions relative to new developments. Consequently, within the context of the policies established in Chapter IV - Goals, Objectives, Implementation Policies, the following guidelines have been formulated to help ensure that the intent and integrity of the Land Use Plan is retained over the life of its use. Limited Commercial Land Use Guidelines In an effort to create quality neighborhoods in the N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor area, retail and service commercial uses will be permitted as part of the neighborhood development pattern. However, any commercial development must be sited and designed so that its activities will not detrimentally affect the adjacent residential neighborhoods. To this end, the following guidelines will influence the siting of limited commercial uses: • Commercial uses will be located only at the intersections of arterials; and • Professional offices, retail and service commercial uses may be permitted in neighborhood commercial centers, but only at a development scale compatible with adjacent residential development. Business Park Land Use Guidelines The following guidelines shall aid in governing all land use planning pertaining to the development of land designated in the N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street study area as Business Park: Page 43 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan • Land use activities in areas designated Business Park include administrative and research office facilities, technological research establishments, pilot plants, medical clinics, and light industrial. Other commercial and industrial uses may be considered as part of a planned unit development. • Business park, office and industrial uses should be located along arterial streets, allowing garden-type, green space uses in high-quality settings to buffer the general view of more intensive uses and contribute to the urban open space of the entryway corridors. • All business park development shall be landscaped utilizing consistent landscaping design criteria that will tie adjacent projects together. Landscape easements and greenway corridors along N. 19th Avenue and Oak Street using, shrubs, trees, streetscape and earth berms will be provided and installed at the time of development of individual projects. Signage will be controlled in terms of placement, character and size. • To assure compatibility between internal business park activities and adjacent sites, master planning of business park developments shall be required. General Land Use Plan Implementation Guidelines Buffering and Transitional Land Use When two different land use types are shown on the Land Use Plan map, or are approved as part of a development master plan, buffering or a transitional land use between the two land uses may be required, particularly if there is substantial reason to believe that the two land uses will be incompatible. Buffering consists of the placement of neutral open space between two incompatible uses and will be required of the more intensive use where a less intensive use already exists, or where the Land Use Plan shows that a less intensive use is intended adjacent to the more intensive use. Introduction of transitional land uses will consist of situating uses of intermediate density or intensity between commercial or business park, and residential developments. In cases where buffering is desirable the following may be acceptable: • Areas of landscaped open space; • Stream corridors with landscaping; • Arterial and collector streets with landscaping; • Major utility easements,if landscaped; • Block walls, landscaping, earth berms; or • Combinations of the above. Interpretation of Land Use Boundaries The land use boundaries, as shown on Figure 11, "Land Use Plan", utilize natural or man- made demarcations where possible. Where such boundaries are not readily distinguishable, variations may be allowed, provided the intent of the Land Use Plan is not compromised. With proper buffering and site planning techniques, variations may be allowed without diminishing the intended purpose of the Land Use Plan. Page 44 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan Master Plan Amendment Process The N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan constitutes a land use policy statement that was created based upon prevailing needs, existing development patterns, consideration of man-made and natural constraints, opportunities for new development, underlying zoning, and accepted planning practices. As these variables change, the Plan must be periodically reviewed and occasionally amended. Amendments to this document will be processed according to the proceedings and criteria established in the 1990 Bozeman Area Master Plan. 5.1 PARKS/OPEN SPACE PLAN The City of Bozeman has a modest inventory of park land and recreational facilities, and has not effectively provided the necessary active recreational amenities to keep pace with the growth of the community and outlying area. A conceptual network of linear open space/trail corridors throughout the jurisdictional area is established in the 1990 Bozeman Area Master Plan. However, greater emphasis must be placed on implementation of these public corridors if open space protection and active recreational facilities are to be available to the residents of Bozeman. 5.1.1 Park Land The 1990 Bozeman Area Master Plan Update identifies acquisition of land for future public park sites as vital to ensure land for park development and maintain pace with growing community demands for new recreational facilities. Providing opportunities for recreation and leisure programs for all age groups should not be taken lightly and cannot be accomplished without successful mechanisms to acquire appropriate park lands. Park land dedication through residential subdivision review is still the principal tool used to acquire lands for development of public recreational facilities. However, recent legislative actions and the reduction of available revenue resources, such as eliminating cash-in-lieu of dedicated park land for minor subdivisions, reduces even more the community's already limited ability to acquire public park land. Reclassification of property designated for residential development in the Land Use Plan to a designation for commercial development further limits the community's ability to acquire additional lands for public parks and recreational facilities. Because these public provisions are generally not implemented until subdivision review of proposed developments, and after the land use classifications of the Land Use Plan have been amended, it is necessary to implement new strategies to provide the public recreational facilities needed by the general public. Acquisition of park land should not be based on random selection, but must instead be evaluated based on its location in the community and physical suitability to sustain development of park land and recreational use. Existing park land and the ability to link with the built environment and natural features should be a priority in selecting appropriate areas for future development of parks and recreational facilities. When considering current and future parks and recreational needs, national standards are commonly used as guidelines. These guidelines too often become absolutes and do not Page 45 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan consider climate, population density or a community's ability to implement the standards. Nevertheless, the standards can provide a benchmark for further analysis. A commonly accepted standard suggests 8.5 acres of park land should be provided for every 1,000 people. 5.1.2 Rose Park To rectify this situation for the future, the Bozeman parks and open space system should be steadily improved by developing new parks in those neighborhoods currently underserved and by building upon the potential of existing park lands. Of those sectors within the community that are substantially undeveloped, yet planned for future residential development, the northwest quadrant of the City offers the greatest opportunity to fulfill the demand for public recreational facilities. The Bozeman Recreation and Parks Advisory Board designates Rose Park, an undeveloped 21.21-acre dedicated park, as a future community park for the City. The park is located approximately one-quarter mile west of the intersection of N. 19th Avenue and Oak Street, and is situated directly north of Emily Dickinson School. The Advisory Board has established a long-term goal for Rose Park of serving as a community wide park for the City and outlying communities. As a recreational facility, it would complement, as well as expand upon, the public amenities of Bogart Park and provide a counterbalance in another sector of the City that will help satisfy the demand for public recreational facilities. Its proximity to N. 19th Avenue and the interstate system should be given substantial weight in supporting the logic of establishing Rose Park as a community wide park. Community parks are recognized as large-scale, serving the population over a large region with a community focus related to the facilities offered. A community park is generally an area of 10 to 100 acres that provides a variety of active and passive recreational opportunities. To accomplish the development of Rose Park as a community park, the governing bodies, with the assistance of the Bozeman Recreation and Parks Advisory Board, and Planning Staff, must adopt a municipal parks and recreation facilities plan. 5.1.3 Open Space/Trail Corridors A network of public open space and linear trail corridors is presented in the 1990 Bozeman Area Master Plan with the purpose of protecting environmental resources and supporting a public, recreational trail system that exemplifies the importance of urban open space. These corridors are often identified within stream corridors and other environmentally sensitive lands, and are intended to eventually link with other elements of the community's public pedestrian and bicycle circulation system. The Master Plan currently identifies a portion of Catron Creek as a stream corridor west of N. 19th Avenue, which runs through Brentwood Subdivision along the east side of Rose Park and then north across Baxter Lane where it runs through the southwest comer of the Gene Graf property. From there the creek parallels the west property line of the Graf property until it reaches Interstate 90. Although the Master Plan does not continue the corridor further north of the old Burlington Northern railroad bed to Interstate 90, it is identified as a stream Page 46 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan corridor in the conceptual master plan for a mixed-use planned unit development proposed by the property owner in this area, and should be designated accordingly as a stream corridor in the Master Plan. To the northwest of the Baxter Lane and West Catron Creek intersection an old railroad right-of-way that continues west is also designated as open space/linear trail corridor. Three new watercourses have been identified in the N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan as stream corridors, to further encourage implementation of public open space/linear trail corridors: 1) a stream/ditch tributary of East Catron Creek west of N. 19th Avenue, which enters the study area at the northwest comer of the intersection of N. 19th Avenue and Durston Road, and parallels the west side of N. 19th Avenue until it drains into East Catron Creek just north of Rose Park; 2) Mandeville Creek along the west boundary of the study area from Durston Road to Baxter Lane; and 3) a tributary of Mandeville Creek, identified as Walton's Ditch, is located along the east side of Maple Terrace and Homesites Subdivisions, and Covered Wagon Trailer Park. Walton's Ditch connects with Farmer's Canal at Oak Street and establishes a valid stream/ditch watercourse that runs north along the Saccoccia/Perkin's property line to Baxter Lane(see Figure 4). Development of residential, commercial and industrial property in the study area shall recognize these stream corridors as an integral element of the community's master plan designed to enhance pedestrian and bicycle circulation systems along stream corridors, as well as Oak Street, N. 19th Avenue and Baxter Lane. It is further intended to provide for a circulation system that offers recreational activities for area residents, as well as recreational and commuting opportunities for individuals working in the commercial and industrial sectors of the study area. Rose Park, earmarked as a proposed community park, should be the focus of these open space/linear trail corridors and should function as the threshold for a system of trails and open space corridors that will link with the rest of the community. 5.1.4 Parks and Open Space Interface with Other Plan Elements As the community grows, the location and importance of new parks and recreation facilities should be coordinated with development of other public facilities. The proximity of Rose Park to Emily Dickinson School makes it a logical choice for a community-wide park. It offers opportunities for efficient property acquisition, use and maintenance, as well as providing residents with open space buffers between their homes and less desirable public facilities. In particular, cooperation between the City of Bozeman, Bozeman School District, and Parks and Recreation Advisory Board should be encouraged to promote joint development and use of facilities. 5.1.5 Park and Open Space Implementation Guidelines The City of Bozeman, with the assistance of the Bozeman Recreation and Parks Advisory Board, should develop a Municipal Parks and Open Space Plan with the aim of establishing an integrated system of parks and open space, not only for the study area, but throughout the City. This plan should include development of new parks, upgrading of existing parks, and Page 47 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan the development of innovative recreational facilities, such as pedestrian trails, linear open space and bicycle routes. In so.doing, the City should: • Seek to improve parks and recreation facilities by examining and instituting methods to increase revenues and to decrease costs within the parks and recreation system. • Establish an impact fee for acquisition and development of neighborhood and community parks. • Identify and institute methods of increasing the use of existing parks, including improvements. • Continue to expand the availability of existing parks and recreation facilities through cooperative agreements with the public schools and other public agencies. • Develop a mechanism that allows developers the opportunity to consider Transfer-of- Development-Rights for development of property in-lieu of park land and/or open space in another location in the community. • Create incentives and flexibility in subdivision and site plan review for developers to develop properties using planned unit development review or an alternative development review process designed to achieve the same objectives, which provide open space, green belts, active recreational facilities,trails and the other community amenities. 5.2 GREENWAY CORRIDORS PLAN Both N. 19th Avenue and Oak Street are recognized as integral elements in emphasizing the importance of urban open space and the lasting image of the community that is left with residents and visitors. Future development along these corridors, with provisions for open space, trail corridors and high-quality development, will determine the success of the community to implement the N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan and accomplish the objectives stated herein. 5.2.1 GreenbeIVOpen Space Corridors Provisions for sufficient open space and green belts along the two entryway corridors in the study area are necessary to provide the urban streetscape and park-like setting for the area envisioned by the community. The greenways will be characterized by informal vegetative planting of trees and shrubs, and accessible pathways with curvilinear alignments. Currently N. 19th Avenue and Oak Street are developed to rural standards. As development occurs along these arterial streets, development will improve them to a full urban standard with curb, gutters and sidewalks. The greenway corridors will allow the pedestrian ways to be relocated from their standard location and placed further from the arterial streets. This will provide a more safe, park-like setting for pedestrians by creating a greater visual and physical separation from the arterial traffic. These greenway corridors will mitigate the impacts of noise generated by the arterial streets and protect the viewsheds of the community's surrounding environment. Provisions for implementing these greenway corridors will be Page 48 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan accomplished by designating N. 19th Avenue as a Class I entryway corridor roadway, exclusive of the east side between Durston Road and the south side of covered wagon mobile home park which is designated as a Class II. In addition, Oak Street should be established as a new Class I entryway corridor roadway between N. 7th Avenue and N. 19th Avenue, and a Class II entryway corridor roadway west of N. 19th Avenue. For examples of attractive site plan development in existing Bozeman entryway corridors please see Appendix E. 5.2.2 Planned Unit Development Overlay To successfully achieve the community's vision of a park-like setting for commercial development within the greenway corridors, and to establish aesthetically-pleasing entryways containing harmonious patterns of high-quality development, a unified plan must be developed to avoid the piece-meal strip commercial development experienced along other entryways. The planned unit development (PUD) procedure of the Bozeman Area Zoning Ordinance has already proven itself to be an effective tool in achieving these goals. The PUD procedures make available to the planning process a valid mechanism for reserving open space that may not be acquired as residential park land due to reclassification of property for commercial development. Implementation of the PUD procedures established in the Bozeman Area Zoning Ordinance will entail a master plan for each development that depicts general land uses, major streets, pedestrian circulation, trails, stream corridors, open space, green belts, streetscape and other significant land features. PUDs will be implemented by each developer during subdivision or site plan review of each development project. Property located within the planned unit development overlay for the N. 19th Avenue and Oak Street entryway corridors will be reviewed as a zoning PUD Prior to initiating the first phases of development for each property, the developer shall provide architectural and landscape guidelines that ensure that development will accomplish the goals and objectives of the N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan. 5.2.3 Greenway Corridor Guidelines The following guidelines shall aid in the influence and implementation of well-planned urban development within the greenway corridors: • Establish in the Design Objectives Plan for entryway corridors and Chapter 18.43 - Bozeman Area Entryway Corridor Overlay District of the Zoning Ordinance landscape guidelines designed to implement greenway corridors within commercial developments located along N. 19th Avenue and Oak Street that accomplish: 1. An urban streetscape that protects the viewsheds of the community and encourages aesthetically-pleasing entryways into the City 2. A park-like setting that exemplifies the importance of urban open space 3. Guidelines to mitigate the impacts of noise generated by the arterial streets 4. An integrated design scheme of public and private open space 5. Community amenities not acquired as residential park land Page 49 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan • Initiate a planned unit development overlay for all non-residential development in the N. 19th Avenue and Oak Street entryway corridor roadways that requires zoning planned unit development (PUD) review procedures during subdivision or site plan review of any property located in the entryway corridors; • Combine the subdivision and zoning PUD requirements into a unified PUD ordinance, to streamline review procedures and to ensure consistency; • Provide for flexibility in the thirty percent (30 percent) open space provision by allowing for portions of the front yard setback areas to count toward said open space requirements if included as part of an overall PUD design scheme and integrated into other areas planned for green belts, active recreational facilities, trails, common areas, public plazas, and other community amenities that compensate for the reduction of open space. 5.3 TRANSPORTATION PLAN The most significant elements of the transportation network for the study area are already in place. Development of future elements such as Oak Street, the Mid-Line Road, and the continuation of N. 1 lth and N. 15th are already in progress or may be developed during the subdivision and site planning processes. Each of these roads will serve multiple modes of transportation including automobiles, bicycles, and pedestrians. In the 1993 Transportation Plan Update both N. 19th and Oak Street are designated to provide bicycle routes. These routes may be incorporated into either the roadways themselves or into auxiliary routes located in the entryway corridor setbacks. Pedestrian routes may also be provided in the entryway corridor setbacks. Pedestrian and bicycle use will reduce automobile congestion as well as the noise, fumes, and other impacts of automobiles. As the majority of the study area is undeveloped, a rare opportunity exists to provide trail corridors for transportation and recreation uses that are integrated with the anticipated commercial and residential uses. Connections to the existing urban trail corridors can be made during the development of this area. As noted in the 1990 Master Plan Update a number of financing methods are available to provide for capital improvements to urban infrastructure. An additional option has been added through the implementation of impact fees. By collecting the cost of service from new businesses and residences in the study area,the City's ability to provide timely installation of needed infrastructure is enhanced. A key element in the design of the future road system in the study area is the recognition of N. 19th Avenue and Oak Street as limited access roadways. By limiting the number of accesses strip development is discouraged, coordinated larger area development is encouraged, and the function of arterial streets is preserved. 5.4 ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS PLAN This document has identified several environmentally sensitive areas in the N. 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor study area. These sensitive areas are characterized by features such as streams and ditches, wetlands, seasonal high water tables and hydric soils. The purpose of preserving these,areas Page 50 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan is twofold: 1) to protect environmentally sensitive areas and retain the values and functions they provide; and 2)to set aside land deemed unsuitable for development. 5.4.1 Environmentally Sensitive Area Implementation Guidelines Areas mapped as environmentally sensitive indicate land which may have environmental features that limit development capacity and capability; environmental constraints could pose a threat to life and property. Areas identified as environmentally sensitive will be protected through various regulatory and non-regulatory programs. Environmentally sensitive areas will be delineated through field verifications, and protective measures will be implemented through subdivision or site plan review processes. These areas could be used as on-site open space and recreational amenities. Eventually, if the City adopts a Critical Lands Strategic Plan, specific requirements or parameters for development will be outlined for environmentally sensitive areas throughout the Bozeman City-County Planning Jurisdiction. Page 51 North 19th Avenue/Oak Street Corridor Master Plan PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANK Page 52