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Home My WebLink AboutMayors Climate Task Force Special Presentation Commission Memorandum REPORT TO: Honorable Mayor and City Commission FROM: Natalie Meyer, Climate Protection Coordinator Anna Rosenberry, Finance Director Chris Kukulski, City Manager SUBJECT: Mayor’s Community Climate Task Force Discussion on Recommendations for the Climate Action Plan MEETING DATE: November 29, 2010 AGENDA ITEM TYPE: Policy Discussion BACKGROUND: The purpose of this meeting is to review and discuss the preliminary Climate Action Plan recommendations developed by the Mayor’s Community Climate Task Force. The goal of this meeting is to inform the Commission of the Task Force’s current work and to solicit input from the Commission on the recommendations. The conversation will be led by, Hattie Baker, Sustainable Planning Solutions, in an open format covering the recommendations and questions identified in the attached documents. City staff and members of the Mayor’s Community Climate Task Force will be present to participate in the discussion and provide their input. Attachments: Sustainable Planning Solutions Memo Preliminary Climate Action Plan Recommendations Mayors’ Climate Protection Agreement Report compiled on: November 22, 2010 Memorandum Report to: Honorable Mayor and City Commission From: Hattie Baker, Sustainable Planning Solutions Subject: Preliminary list of recommendations for the Mayors’ Community Climate Action Plan Background: The City of Bozeman adopted the Mayors’ Climate Protection Agreement (MCPA) in November of 2006. Since then over 1000 Mayor’s across the U.S. have signed onto the agreement. The MCPA acknowledges Bozeman’s commitment to being a leader in reducing greenhouse gas emissions with a first step of developing a Climate Action Plan (CAP). Bozeman is unique in that it has separated its CAP’s into a Municipal Plan and Community Plan. It is important to note that as a signatory to the MCPA, Bozeman is committed in leading the effort for both plans. Appointed in November of 2009, the Mayors’ Community Climate (MCC) Task Force has been meeting once a month for the past year to develop recommendations for the CAP. In developing recommendations for the plan, task force members reviewed CAP’s from the following cities:  Boulder, CO  Brattleboro, VT  Bellingham, WA  Burlington, VT  Medford, MA  Fort Collins, CO  Portsmouth, NH  Olympia, WA  Seattle, WA  King County WA  Vancouver, BC Four working groups representing citizens, experts, business owners, and city staff met 16 times over the course of the year to help inform the Task Force. Working groups included:  Residential Building and Energy  Commercial Building and Energy  Transportation  Waste, Water, and Recycling Task Force members submit the following questions to the City Commission: 1. Where will the ownership of the Community Climate Action Plan lie, that is, who (what City staff person, City Department or City Board) will be responsible for the implementation and monitoring of the CAP recommendations? Where will the money come from to fund this effort? 2. Making a sizeable dent in Bozeman's carbon footprint will require both conservation efforts and a change in energy production paradigm. Is the City Commission ready and willing to take on unique opportunities for owning, leasing, or creating unique private/public partnerships to supply our community with alternative energy? Such large scale projects might require unique financing, as being carried out by other communities across the USA, and might include local (say 50 mile radius) electrical generation from the sun, wind, or biomass or also the purchase of offsets for alternative energy produced from farther away. The Task Force recognizes that part of creating such alternative energy production likely will require large federal grants and creative financing. However, to radically change our carbon footprint we need to radically change our energy infrastructure. 3. The MCC Task Force is tasked with providing you with appropriate recommendations that will achieve some level of greenhouse gas emissions reductions based on year 2000 total emissions. If we propose recommendations that are impractical for either political or economic reasons that are not implemented, they will not likely result in greenhouse gas emissions reductions. Would you please itemize any of our recommendations that might fit into this category? We may make modifications to our recommendations based on your input. 4. What's the current status of the City's Climate Action Plan that was adopted in August of 2008, what progress has been made to date and how are progress reports communicated to the public? 11/29/2010 2010 Work Session | Hattie Baker SUSTAINABLE PLANNING SOLUTIONS CITY OF BOZEMAN: MAYORS‟ CLIMATE PROTECTION AGREEMENT City of Bozeman: Mayors‟ Climate Protection Agreement 2 Nov. 29 Contents List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................ 2 List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................... 2 Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................................... 3 Mayors Climate Protection Agreement ....................................................................................................... 3 Timeline ........................................................................................................................................................ 3 Deliverables .................................................................................................................................................. 3 Emissions Inventory: February- May 2009 ............................................................................................. 3 Emission Reduction Targets .................................................................................................................... 4 Task Force Appointments-: June 2009 –September 2009 .................................................................. 5 Task Force Members ........................................................................................................................... 5 Meetings: October 2009- December 2010 ............................................................................................ 5 Working Groups .................................................................................................................................... 6 Residential Building and Energy Members ........................................................................................ 7 Commercial Building and Energy Members ....................................................................................... 7 Transportation Members ..................................................................................................................... 7 Waste Water and Recycling Members ................................................................................................ 7 Education & Outreach .................................................................................................................................. 8 Preliminary Recommendations ................................................................................................................... 9 Residential & Commercial Building and Energy ................................................................................. 9 Transportation ................................................................................................................................... 14 Waste Water and Recycling .............................................................................................................. 16 Community Engagement .................................................................................................................. 20 Implementation ......................................................................................................................................... 21 List of Tables Table 1: MCC Task Force Schedule ........................................................................................................... 6 Table 2: Working Group Schedule ............................................................................................................. 6 Table 3: CAP Recommendations .................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. List of Figures Figure 1: Bozeman Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory…………………………………………………………….4 City of Bozeman: Mayors‟ Climate Protection Agreement 3 Nov. 29 Acknowledgements Thank you to the invaluable assistance of Rebecca Piersol, MPA Graduate Intern from MSU, and Natalie Meyer, City of Bozeman Climate Protection Coordinator. Most importantly, thank you to the MCC Task Force and Working Groups for their commitment and dedication to reducing the impact of climate change in our community. Mayors Climate Protection Agreement In November 2006, the City of Bozeman signed the Mayors‟ Climate Protection Agreement, herein referred to as the MCPA. The MCPA is a commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in both the municipal and community sectors. In August 2008, the City adopted the first Municipal Climate Action Plan and hired a part-time climate protection coordinator to implement the plan. To satisfy the requirements of the MCPA, a community climate action plan must be completed. Sustainable Planning Solutions (SPS) applied and received a grant for funding year February 2009- February 2010 in the sum of $30,000 from the New Priorities Foundation to complete the community portion of the MCPA. The City is responsible for administering the grant and providing a small budget for materials and supplies. In November 2009, a second grant was awarded in the sum of $20,000 to be administered February 2010-February 2011 to complete the requirements of the MCPA. Timeline Deliverables Emissions Inventory: February- May 2009 The emissions inventory for the City of Bozeman examined greenhouse (GHG) emissions in the Residential, Commercial, Transportation, and Waste Sectors. Calculating greenhouse gas emissions is complicated However, based on reasonable assumptions and available data, we can approximate the level of emissions generated by Bozeman residents and businesses. A full report was submitted to the City Commission and is available to the public on the city website at www.bozeman.net. 2000 Base Year for GHG reduction 2006 Sign Mayor‟s Climate Protection Agreement 2008 Adopt Municipal Climate Action Plan 2011 Complete Community Climate Action Plan 2020 Target Year for Climate Action Goal City of Bozeman: Mayors‟ Climate Protection Agreement 4 Nov. 29 Total emissions for 2000 were 365,843 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e); 36 percent of total emissions came from the Residential Sector with 133,100MT of CO2e; 41 percent from the Commercial Sector with 148,010MT of CO2e; 19 percent from the Transportation Sector with 70,965MT of CO2e, and 4 percent from the Waste Sector with 13,769MT of CO2e. Total emissions for 2008 were 477,486 metric tons of CO2e; 38 percent of emissions came from the Residential Sector with 179,908MT of CO2e; 41 percent from the Commercial Sector with 197,822MT of CO2e; 19 percent from the Transportation Sector with 90,795MT of CO2e; and 2 percent from the Waste Sector with 8,961MT of CO2e. Figure 1: Bozeman Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory Emission Reduction Targets The Municipal Climate Action Plan adopted a 15% reduction target of 2000 emissions by 2020. Community targets should be at or below Municipal goals given the size and scope of measures for the community. The Task Force believes the target should be realistic yet impactful. In 2008, per capita emissions were 12MT (metric tons), well below the national average of 21MT. The City of Bozeman is expected to reach a population size of 69,500 (Bozeman Community Plan) by 2020. Maintaining emissions at current standards would reduce per capita emissions to 7MT, quite a feat. A 10 percent reduction from 2000 levels would mean emissions would need to be reduced by 148,227MT from 2008 levels by 2020. A preliminary set of recommendations results in roughly 12,000MT /year for a total of 120,000MT over ten years. The Community Climate Action Plan (CCAP) allows policymakers to address climate change in a systematic and thoughtful manner. Changes in science and technology will provide for more sophisticated methods of measuring; for this reason, the CCAP is intended to be a living document to be updated as necessary. Residential Commercial Transportation Waste 2000 133,100 148,010 70,965 13,796 2008 179,908 197,822 90,795 8,961 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 Metric Tons CO2e Bozeman GHG Emissions Inventory City of Bozeman: Mayors‟ Climate Protection Agreement 5 Nov. 29 Task Force Appointments-: June 2009 –September 2009 Participation on the task force was solicited through various outreach campaigns:  Public Service Announcements at City Commission meetings  Letters of Request to organizations  Email through various distribution lists The Mayors‟ Community Climate (MCC) Task Force was appointed in October 2009. As outlined in Attachment B of the consultant‟s scope of work, the task force representatives include:  City of Bozeman- Climate Protection Coordinator  Public Agencies- Montana State University, Bozeman Deaconess Hospital, Streamline Transportation, Gallatin County  Business- Chamber of Commerce, North Western Energy, Downtown Business Association, Southwest Montana Building Industry Association  Residents- Inter-neighborhood Council, three citizens–at-large Task Force Members  Mary Cloud B. Ammons, Chair of the Inter-Neighborhood Council (INC)  Kevin Barre, Assistant Facilities Services Director, Bozeman Public Schools  Scott Bischke, Citizen-at-Large  Jeff Butler, Director of Facilities Operations and Maintenance, Montana State University  Lee Hazelbaker, Director RDC/Streamline/Galavan  Mel Kotur, Community Relations Manager, NorthWestern Energy  Jeff Krauss, City of Bozeman Mayor  Anders Lewendal, Chairman Southwest Montana Building Industry Association (SWMBIA)  Bill Murdock, Gallatin County Commissioner  Chris Naumann, Executive Director Downtown Bozeman Partnership  Daryl Nourse, Chamber of Commerce  Otto Pohl, Citizen-at-Large  Dawn Smith, U.S. Green Building Council Green Schools Committee  John Vincent, Citizen-at-Large  LeRoy D. Wilson, Director Facilities Services Bozeman Deaconess Hospital Meetings: October 2009- December 2010 The Mayors‟ Community Climate Task force held its first meeting on November 19, 2009. Task Force meetings are held the second Thursday of every month in the City Commission Meeting Room at City Hall and are open to the public. Agendas and minutes are posted on the City‟s website for the public Picture 1: MCC Task Force City of Bozeman: Mayors‟ Climate Protection Agreement 6 Nov. 29 Task Force meetings have been very productive and well attended. The following table outlines intended actions and expected time of completion. Table 1: MCC Task Force Schedule Date Action November 19 Introductions and Emissions Inventory December 10 Review other plans January 14 Review Existing Measures February 11 Residential Buildings March 11 Commercial Buildings April 8 Transportation May 13 Waste & Recycling June 10 Education & Outreach July 8 Review Recommendations August 12 Climate Survey September 9 Public Comment/Sustainability Team October 14 Review Recommendations November 11 Review Recommendations December 9 First Draft Review January 13 Second Draft/ Public Comment February 10 Final Draft Working Groups Working groups were created by the Task Force to help inform the Task Force in the decision making process. Members include local experts in the field, city employees, and task force members. Working groups will meet from February to May and present the Task Force with a list of recommendations to review. Table 2: Working Group Schedule Working Group Dates Residential Building and Energy February 17,19,22,24 Commercial Building and Energy March 22,24,29,31 Transportation April 12,14,19,21 Waste Water and Recycling May 17,19,24,26 MCC TF RBE WG CBE WG TP WG WWR WG City of Bozeman: Mayors‟ Climate Protection Agreement 7 Nov. 29 Residential Building and Energy Members  Otto Pohl, Chair, Entrepreneur  Anders Lewendall- Co-chair, Southwest Montana Building Industry Association Chairman  Heather Bienvenue, Yellowstone Business Partnership  Casey Dudley, LEED Consultant  Gary Gannon, TruVue Solution  Mel Kotur, NortWestern Energy Community Relation Manager  Daryl Nourse, Reid Smith Architects  Adrien Tanguay, Carbon Neutral Builders  Jon Shafer, Powerhouse  John Vincent, Public Service Commissioner Commercial Building and Energy Members  Jeff Butler- Chair, Montana State University Director Facilities Operation and Maintenance  Dawn Smith, Co-chair, US Green Building Council  Gary Gannon, TruVue Solution  Dan Stevenson, Montana State University, Assistant Facilities Director  Pete Strom, Powerhouse  LeRoy Wilson, Bozeman Deaconess Hospital Director Facilities Services Transportation Members  Kevin Barr- Bozeman Public Schools Assistant Facilities Director  Lee Hazelbaker- Streamline Transportation Director  David Boggeman, Retired MSU Chemist  Lisa Ballard-Current Transportation Solutions  Ron Gompertz- EcoAuto  Ted Lange- Gallatin Valley Land Trust  Chris Naumann- Downtown Business Partnership Executive Director Waste Water and Recycling Members  Mary Cloud Ammons, Molecular immunologist  Scott Bischke, Chemical Engineer  Bill Murdock, Gallatin County Commissioner  Heather Burdette, Yellowstone Business Partnership  Jonas Grenz, Gradient Systems  Natalie Meyer, Bozeman CP Coordinator  Dennis Steinhauer, Powerhouse  Wendy Weaver, Sanderson Stewart City of Bozeman: Mayors‟ Climate Protection Agreement 8 Nov. 29 Education & Outreach Participation in several community events has created an opportunity for community members to become engaged and informed on the progress of the climate task force. This is not a required deliverable; however its value is significant in establishing the groundwork for future cooperation once the plan is adopted.  Gallatin Earth Celebration (April 2009)- The GEC is a community event organized by the Bozeman Beautification Advisory Board, Montana State University, and the City of Bozeman. GEC promotes education and awareness for sustainability through various programs.  Bozeman Sustainability Group Outreach Event (July 2009)– Coordinated outreach event at Lindley Park with Natalie Meyer, Grants/Climate Protection Coordinator City of Bozeman and Wendy Weaver, Sustainability Coordinator Sanderson Stewart.  RePower America Booth (November 2009)- Booth to inform public on Community and Municipal Emissions Inventory  MSU Economy of Energy Presentation (November 2009)- Otto Pohl, Task Force member, Natalie Meyer, Grants/Climate Protection Coordinator City of Bozeman, Hattie Baker, SPS, presentation to Professor Linda Young‟s Economy of Energy course at Montana State University  SWMBIA Home Show (March 2011) - Host a booth to solicit information and inform the public during the 3 day event in March. The Sustainability Advisory Board will coordinate with the Southwest Montana Building Industry Association (SWMBIA).  NCC Speaker Series-(March 2010) Participation in the Neighborhood Conservation Clubs speaker series March 25th  MCC Newsletter (ongoing)- Rebecca Piersol, MPA Graduate Student at MSU creates a monthly newsletter, The Bozeman Breeze, to help inform the public on stakeholder progress.  MCC Community Partners (ongoing) - After meeting with many restaurant owners, several agreed to sponsor a meeting by providing locally sourced food. o MacKenzie River Pizza Company Downtown Location (3 meetings) o CO-OP o WeeBee‟s o Sola Café o John Bozeman‟s Bistro o Nova Cafe City of Bozeman: Mayors‟ Climate Protection Agreement 9 Nov. 29 Preliminary Recommendations Criteria discussion tools developed by the Rocky Mountain Institute Energy Workbook were utilized in developing recommendations for each sector. Criteria include: 1. Community- How will this project affect the community as a whole? What effect will it have on a sense of community and the ability of residents to work together? Will one group receive the benefits while another pays disproportionate costs? 2. Economy- Will the project effect local jobs, income, or savings? Will jobs that are created generate living wages? 3. Environment- Will these achieve or set the stage for a future reduction in greenhouse gas emissions? 4. Finances/Affordability- Can the community afford this project? Can the community afford not to take this project on? 5. Unintended Consequences- How might the proposed project lead to changes other than those that are intended? 6. Multiple Benefits- Does this solve more than one problem? Each sector identified specific strategies for achieving their carbon reduction goal. Some are beyond this jurisdiction of the City, but have a direct impact on the local community. For this reason, the Task Force felt it was important to acknowledge them in the report. Recommendations include a brief description and a carbon reduction estimate. Estimates were derived through ICLEI‟s (Local Governments for Sustainability) Climate and Air Pollution Planning Assistant (CAPPA). As a community moves from the higher level of planning facilitated by CAPPA toward implementation, it is recommended that they seek additional tools and methods to refine the estimates of the impact of each measure. Residential & Commercial Building and Energy Strategies 1. Increase energy efficiency in existing building stock 2. Inventory energy usage of new and existing commercial buildings 3. Promote the development of renewable energy and conservation programs RCB1- Launch a 10 percent energy reduction challenge for residential and commercial buildings. An energy efficiency challenge is an effective way to motivate people to save energy. A challenge keeps track of personal energy reductions and awards a prize to the highest-saving individual. A challenge can be conducted among city residents or among employees. It simply requires a way to measure energy use before and during the completion. The competitive aspect of energy efficiency challenge get‟s people‟s interest and motivates energy savings. A challenge gives people recognition for their individual or team energy saving actions. Posting standings in the competition at regular intervals maintains interest. The promise even of modest prizes can motivate significant savings. Gallatin County initiated an energy savings competition in 2009. The County realized a 20% reduction in energy consumption and $2,200 in energy savings over a three month period by simply asking employees to change their behaviors. Carbon Reduction Potential: 1,490MTCO2e (based on 350 households and 500 businesses City of Bozeman: Mayors‟ Climate Protection Agreement 10 Nov. 29 Type of recommendations: Voluntary RCB2- Restrict high polluting fuel sources in all residential and commercial buildings High polluting fuel sources like coal, lower grade fuel oil, motor oil and fire wood produce higher levels of pollution than propane and natural gas. Many communities have restrictions on fuel sources. For example, the burning of wood is allowed on certain days when the weather conditions are at their best for disbursing the exhaust (fire wood heat systems tend to run 5-10% less efficient than gas or propane). Carbon Reduction Potential: Not calculated Type of recommendations: Regulatory RCB3- Require energy audit of residential homes at point of sale by adopting a Resource Energy Conservation Ordinance (RECO) Buildings account for 40% of total energy use and about 35% of emissions in the United States. Over the next few decades, most of this energy use will be used by existing buildings. Many measures can be applied to existing buildings to improve their efficiency, including using efficient light bulbs and fixtures, replacing appliances with more efficient ones, increasing insulation, replacing windows, and upgrading HVAC systems. One way to force such implementations is to require improvements when renovations are made or when buildings are sold. Resource Energy Conservation Ordinances (RECOs) are a policy tool for upgrading the energy efficiency and water usage of existing housing. RECOs require building owners (landlords and/or homeowners) to implement specific, prescriptive energy and water efficiency measures if their property doesn‟t meet a minimum standard. RECOs are especially relevant in the rental property sector, where there exists a disincentive for landlords to incur the costs of efficiency improvements when they don‟t directly reap the benefits. These properties are often the ones in the greatest need of upgrades. RECO‟s offer an avenue for addressing the rental and multifamily housing sectors and can offer benefits to the lower income portion of the community, providing a crucial equity component in the broader city‟s energy and GHG offerings. Typically, RECOs take effect either when the property changes hands (point of sale) or during the rental license inspection process. One possibility would be to establish a date when all properties must reach the minimum standard. The date could be several years in the future to allow time for late adopters to comply. In developing a RECO, the city should balance factors such as how to realize maximum energy efficiency, how to minimize the cost and administrative burden on the city, and how to minimize inconvenience and cost to the building owners. Carbon Reduction Potential: 9,842MT over 10 years Type of recommendations: Regulatory RCB4- Promote bulk installation for energy efficiency programs through the Neighborhood Conservation Clubs. Neighborhood Conservation Clubs (NCCs) are a forum to take action and conserve resources by working within small neighborhood groups. The NCCs are guided with resources and suggestions City of Bozeman: Mayors‟ Climate Protection Agreement 11 Nov. 29 from the NCC organizers who include home energy efficiency specialists, transportation experts, landscape designers and building contractors. Bulk pricing for home weatherization efforts could be realized through effective use of the NCC‟s. Carbon Reduction Potential: Not calculated Type of recommendations: Voluntary RCB5- Benchmarking Require benchmarking at point of sale for commercial buildings to include square footage and acreage information at permitting process. Work with realtors association to develop benchmarking education tools and provide meaningful recognition for participating businesses. Benchmarking enables people to compare the general energy performance of a building against similar buildings in the region (using data from the Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS)). The process yields a 1-100 score that is generally a function of how the building operates and what energy efficiency features are present. The score makes energy consumption information easy to grasp for building owners, operators, and tenants. A 2005 California Energy Commission report endorses benchmarking, “as a means to motivate decision makers, usually building owners, to implement measures that will improve the energy efficiency of a building…Benchmarking is an initial step in a comprehensive efficiency upgrade program.” It is also referred to as an “entry point for other strategies,” such as re-commissioning and audits. Carbon Reduction Potential: Not calculated Type of recommendations: Regulatory RCB6- Require commissioning and adherence to current International Energy Efficiency Codes (IECC) for all new construction Building commissioning is the process of verifying, in new construction, that all the HVAC, Plumbing, Electrical, Lighting, Waste, Water, Controls, and Building Systems achieve the operational standards designed by the building architects and engineers. Commissioning a building to the standards outlined in the IECC will ensure that systems are operated at the maximum efficiency for controlling waste and pollution. Carbon Reduction Potential: 932MTCO2e Type of recommendations: Regulatory RCB7- Provide incentives to encourage the capture of solar energy on commercial buildings Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions will require a combination of conservation and renewable energy applications. The capture of solar power is the most effective renewable energy application for urban areas; with commercial roof space providing opportunities for large scale applications. The Google Campus in Mountain View, CA installed a 1.6MW photovoltaic system which generates 2,611,719 kWh of output and $393,000 in annual savings. CO2 emissions were reduced by 3.6 million pounds per year Carbon Reduction Potential: 2,192MT of CO2e with 2MW installed City of Bozeman: Mayors‟ Climate Protection Agreement 12 Nov. 29 Type of recommendations: Voluntary RCB8- Require building energy performance as part of City's revolving loan fund for economic development. In keeping with the State of Montana's goals to maintain a clean and healthful environment as well as the City's goal to reduce its overall negative impact on the environment, each applicant for revolving loan monies should include documentation on planned water and energy use, waste and CO2 output as well as any possible mitigations they may contemplate within the scope of the project. Often, energy performance and corresponding metrics related to the use of renewable resources is measured on a short-term basis. To fully illustrate the long-term costs and benefits of using renewable energy resources, each applicant should include a brief comparison of the contemplated energy requirements relative to the most appropriate renewable energy technology available for a given project and/or situation. In requiring applicants to include as part of the application process a side by side comparison of the costs of traditional versus renewable technologies; the city will have played a part in encouraging its applicants to become conversant in available technologies while also furthering its goal of reducing emissions. Carbon Reduction Potential: Not Calculated Type of recommendations: Regulatory RCB9-Promote existing Northwestern Energy rebates The City should work with NWE to leverage available rebates and help increase participation in conservation programs. Rate payers to NorthWestern Energy receive a Universal System Benefits Charge every month on their utility bill. This was placed as a requirement by the Montana Public Service Commission after utility companies were deregulated in Montana. As a result, NWE is required to spend these monies on conservation programs. A number of rebates are available through NorthWestern Energy on their website at www.northwesternenergy.com Carbon Reduction Potential: 551MTCO2e (Based on 500 homes weatherized through NWE LIEAP Program) Type of recommendations: Voluntary RCB10- Encourage passive solar design at the planning stage Passive solar design provides natural heat and cool. It entails elongating a building on the east/west axis. The longer, south-facing wall‟s windows allow the lower-angled winter sun to directly enter and provide heat naturally. An overhang is typically used to prevent summer‟s higher-angled sun from directly entering the windows, thus keeping the building cooler. Passive design entails other elements such as thermal mass for heat storage (typically masonry walls and floors+). Sun- tempered design entails elongated orientation, but fewer windows, no thermal mass, etc. Carbon Reduction Potential: Not calculated City of Bozeman: Mayors‟ Climate Protection Agreement 13 Nov. 29 Type of recommendation: Voluntary RCB11- Support Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) bond legislation A Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) bond is a bond where the proceeds are provided to commercial and residential property owners to finance energy retrofits (efficiency measures and small renewable energy systems) and who then repay the financing over 20 years via an annual assessment on their property tax bill. PACE bonds can be issued by municipal financing districts or finance companies and the proceeds can be typically used to retrofit both commercial and residential properties Carbon Reduction Potential: Not calculated Type of recommendations: State Legislature RCB12- Support Architecture 14X stimulus legislation The 14x Stimulus plan recommends using state and local stimulus money to create a local mortgage buy-down program that offers reduced mortgage interest rates contingent upon renovating or building to meet specific energy reduction targets. States, cities, and counties leverage each $1 of federal stimulus money spent to generate $14 of private spending, create 14 times the number of jobs, reimburse the federal government $3, and get $1 back. For existing homes, mortgage interest rates would be lowered 1% below the current market rate qualified for by the homeowner if, with a minimum homeowner investment in efficiency upgrades and/or renewable energy systems (which is added into the new mortgage), the home is renovated to meet a minimum HERS (Home Energy Rating System) 70 (or equivalent1) rating. For new homes, interest rates would be lowered by ½% below the current market rate qualified for by the homebuyer for achieving a HERS 70 rating and 1% for achieving a HERS 50 rating Carbon Reduction Potential: 566MTCO2e with 1,000 homes participating Type of recommendations: State Legislature RCB13- Support legislation to provide financial incentives for the use of renewable energy applications to current net-metering customers Many renewable energy projects include net metering applications on NorthWestern Energy‟s distribution system. If you install a renewable electric generation project at your home or business, you can meet some or all of your home energy needs. You can further reduce your own energy costs and add energy to the utility‟s energy system through net metering. Net metering is a special installation that allows any surplus energy generated by your system to go back on the utility grid and gives you a “credit” for the electricity put back on the system at retail rates. The system, however, does not pay you for any surplus energy you may have generated. Adjusting the current rate structure, to reward customers who consistently produce over and above the electricity consumed, would add a direct financial incentive to increase renewable energy generation in this sector. City of Bozeman: Mayors‟ Climate Protection Agreement 14 Nov. 29 Carbon Reduction Potential: 110MTCO2e (2,000kW of PV installed) Type of recommendations: State Legislature Transportation Strategies 1. Support policies for long-term integrated multi-modal transportation and land use planning for a 20-30 year horizon. 2. Develop infrastructure for electric vehicle friendly community and provide incentives for the production, sale and use of clean fuels. 3. Reduce vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and fuel emissions by promoting a pedestrian and bike friendly community. TSP1- Complete the identified routes in the transportation plan for a true multi-modal network. The CCAP supports the recommendations in the Bozeman Area Transportation Plan (2007). As the Bozeman area grows, traffic congestion will likely worsen, and the area‟s roadway capacity may not be able to keep pace. Mode choice in the region‟s transportation system and the provision of safe and plentiful facilities for walking and bicycling will become more important as residents seek alternatives for some of their trips. The 2000 US Census Journey to Work data provides the best dataset to compare Bozeman to the state of Montana and to the nation as a whole. Data for Gallatin County would not be meaningful because the study area composes only a fraction of the County. The census shows that the City of Bozeman had a walking mode share of 10.7 percent, while traveling by „other means‟, which includes bicycling, composed 4.7 percent of all trips. The statewide mode share for walking was 5.5 percent while „other means‟ was 1.7 percent. Nationally, the walking mode share was 2.9 percent with „other means‟ combining to 1.2 percent. From this data it is apparent that Bozeman has a much higher mode share of walking and bicycling than both the state and national averages. Carbon Reduction Potential: 497MTCO2e (based on 5,000 weekly trips switched from bike to transit) Type of recommendations: Regulatory TSP2- Adopt a minimum of a 1-mill levy for Streamline directly Encouraging the community to take public transportation rather than driving individual vehicles can has a significant impact in the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The collection of one mill would help the system remain fare free. Streamline would use the money generated by the mill to leverage federal dollars. If the mill were worth $80,000, that would mean approximately $100,000 in additional revenue. For each dollar Streamline collects collect as fare, one dollar is subtracted from the re-imbursement from the state. If Streamline were to charge a fare it would need to retrofit the buses with fare boxes and then make sure that people were hired to collect and count the money. At the present time charging a fare would not be financially feasible. Carbon Reduction Potential: 175MTCO2e (based on 500 additional daily bus passengers) City of Bozeman: Mayors‟ Climate Protection Agreement 15 Nov. 29 Type of recommendations: Regulatory TSP3-Install charging stations at major public facilities starting with the parking garage and promote the installation of charging stations around town Electric vehicles will help reduce emission from gasoline and diesel powered vehicles and reduce our dependence on foreign oil. By installing charging stations the City will promote the use of electric vehicles by offering a place where EV owners can recharge their vehicle when battery power is running low. Communities such as: Houston, Seattle, Portland, and Tucson have already initiated such programs. Carbon Reduction Potential: 225MTCO2e (based on 100 charging stations) Type of recommendations: Regulatory TSP4- Adopt an anti-idling ordinance to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, conserves energy, and protects the health of citizens. CO2 and diesel fumes are well documented health hazards. Towns and cities alike in 31 states have passed some form of anti-idling legislation. Even New York City now prohibits extended idling in both heavy and light duty vehicles. This regulation applies to both diesel and unleaded vehicles. Hundreds of communities around the country have adopted anti- idling ordinances, and the list is constantly growing. A full list of locations and codes can be found on the EPA‟s website at http://www.epa.gov/smartway/documents/420b06004.pdf. In fact, the Vermont legislature is currently considering a statewide ban on all idling in excess of 2 minutes. http://www.vjel.org/news/NEWS100229.html Anti-idling ordinance is becoming commonplace all over this nation. Jackson Hole Wyoming is a community very similar to our own. They proposed an Idle Free regulation in 2008. (http://www.ci.jackson.wy.us/resources/files//Government/F.%20Meeting%20Agendas/Council%2 0Packets/2008/051908/Public%20Comment/idling.pdf) It has currently made advances. The city council has currently instructed staff to draft an ordinance. (http://www.jhunderground.com/2010/03/15/idle-free-ordinance-advances/) Carbon Reduction Potential: 1,144MTCO2e (based on 500 vehicles) Type of recommendations: Regulatory TSP5-Improve lighting on sidewalks using solar powered energy where available The lack of sidewalks or paths was listed in the Bozeman Transportation Plan Walking and Bicycling Survey as the third most common reason for not walking. Other relevant data that supports this finding and illustrates the upward potential of walking and bicycling if improved facilities are provided includes the “2005-2006 West Babcock Street Pedestrian and Bicyclist Monitoring Project”, which found a 256 percent increase in bicycling and walking along the corridor after the addition of sidewalks and bike lanes. Carbon Reduction Potential: Not calculated Type of recommendations: Regulatory City of Bozeman: Mayors‟ Climate Protection Agreement 16 Nov. 29 TSP6-Resurrect and enforce the sidewalk ordinance The lack of sidewalks or paths was listed in the Bozeman Transportation Plan Walking and Bicycling Survey as the third most common reason for not walking. Other relevant data that supports this finding and illustrates the upward potential of walking and bicycling if improved facilities are provided includes the “2005-2006 West Babcock Street Pedestrian and Bicyclist Monitoring Project”, which found a 256 percent increase in bicycling and walking along the corridor after the addition of sidewalks and bike lanes. Carbon Reduction Potential: Not calculated Type of recommendations: Regulatory TSP7-Support a local option gas tax to fund public transportation at the County level According to the Bozeman Transportation Plan, the daytime population of Bozeman can swell to upwards of 50,000 people due to Bozeman‟s status as a regional employment center and shopping destination. Providing reliable public transportation options for residents outside of Bozeman who travel into Bozeman for work will impact emission reduction goals. Carbon Reduction Potential: 1,134MTCO2e (Based on 500 additional passengers) Type of recommendations: County TSP8-Examine emissions from Gallatin Field Airport and its effects on the surrounding area Aircraft arrivals and departures from Gallatin Field most certainly contribute to the greenhouse gas emissions in the Bozeman area. While reducing airplane emissions might not be feasible at a local level, their impact should be quantified and qualified. Carbon Reduction Potential: Not calculated Type of recommendations: County TSP9-Reform taxi permitting process to remove current barriers for clean fleet services The Public Service Commission regulates motor carrier transportation in Montana. Current rules allow for the operation of only one taxi service company in Bozeman. Changes should be made to current regulations to allow for cleaner transportation options. Type of recommendations: Public Service Commission Waste Water and Recycling Strategies 1. Pursue Alternative Energy Generation 2. Promote an Integrated Waste Management System 3. Promote waste reduction and water conservation City of Bozeman: Mayors‟ Climate Protection Agreement 17 Nov. 29 WWR1- The construction of a new dam must include hydro-generation capability Two key aspects for communities to reduce their greenhouse gas output include 1) switching to non- carbon based energy sources, and 2) making use of local energy. Bozeman is currently considering construction of a new dam along Bozeman Creek south of town. Integral to that design should be the use of the hydraulic head developed to create electrical energy for city or citizen use. Carbon Reduction Potential: Not calculated Type of recommendations: Regulatory WWR2- Develop solar, biomass, or wind onsite potential at city facilities As in WWR1, Bozeman must seek to maximize production of non-carbon based energy sources. The city owns substantial land resources that could host solar, biomass, or wind energy producing facilities. Such production could offset electrical energy use in the building (commercial, residential, or government) sector. Creation of city operated alternative energy production facilities will entail a long term commitment and creative financing. Solar and biomass production are readily possible in the Gallatin Valley. Large scale photovoltaic‟s could be instituted at the Story Mill landfill, as being done in Wenatchee, WA. Solar Biomass production should be considered in conjunction with the US Forest Service and State of Montana‟s plans to harvest beetle killed pines in the foothills of the Gallatin Mountains just south of town. To access the best wind resources, however, Bozeman-funded wind generation might best be accomplished outside the valley, for example in the Livingston to White Sulfur Springs corridor (such a determination will require rigorous engineering study). Carbon Reduction Potential: 2,192MTCO2e (Based on 2MW installation) Type of recommendations: Regulatory WWR3-Support a full waste characterization study which includes the potential development of a transfer station to minimize trips to Logan landfill Waste transfer stations are facilities where municipal solid waste is unloaded from collection vehicles and briefly held while it is reloaded onto larger long-distance transport vehicles for shipment to landfills or other treatment or disposal facilities. By combining the loads of several individual waste collection trucks into a single shipment, communities can save money on the labor and operating costs of transporting the waste to a distant disposal site. They can also reduce the total number of vehicular trips traveling to and from the disposal site. Carbon Reduction Potential: Not calculated Type of recommendations: Regulatory WWR4- Expand current composting program to include collection and separation of organics along with existing pick-up Yard trimmings and food residuals together constitute 26 percent of the U.S. municipal solid waste stream. San Francisco offers curbside waste collection with three equal sized bins: recycle, compost, City of Bozeman: Mayors‟ Climate Protection Agreement 18 Nov. 29 and trash, resulting in 67% of waste being diverted from landfills in 2004. 300 tons a day of compost are collected. http://www.sfenvironment.org/our_programs/topics.html In Bozeman, this waste is co-mingled with all waste and sent to the landfill where it will eventually convert in non-oxidizing atmosphere to methane (CH4), a potent greenhouse gas. Unlike other municipalities, the city of Bozeman does not capture this methane for energy production. By separating Bozeman‟s organic material for composting (the task force suggests at the site of the sewage treatment plant or the old Story Mill landfill site), we reduce greenhouse gases in three ways: 1) less trips to landfill to carry organic matter; 2) less production of untreated methane (composting is carried out in the presence of oxygen with the result organic material breakdown being C02); 3) less need to ship compost into Bozeman as we would be creating our own locally for citizen use. As a side benefit, the city could sell the compost to help offset program costs. Carbon Reduction Potential: 35MTCO2e (Based on 300lbs/person/year of waste diverted) Type of recommendations: Regulatory WWR5- Provide recycling in public spaces such as parks and recreational areas Recycling reduces greenhouse gas production by utilizing the embodied energy of the material being recycled. An example serves to best demonstrate this reduction: Creation of an aluminum can from bauxite requires 1) mining of the raw ore, 2) transporting it; 3) crushing it; 4) dissolving it in sodium hydroxide; 5) heating under pressure; 6) filtering; 7) heating to 2000F to dry; 8) smelting (high electrical use); 9) ingot production. The process entails much waste. Recycling of aluminum cans essentially eliminates steps 1-7, thereby capturing the embodied energy in the can and eliminating the greenhouse gas production associated with those steps. For recycling programs to work, the city needs to provide the public a) readily accessible recycling opportunities, and b) the ability to recycle as many commodities as possible. Carbon Reduction Potential: Not calculated Type of recommendations: Regulatory WWR6- Promote rebates for Energy Star Appliances Energy Star-certified appliances reduce energy use and thus greenhouse gas production. Many Energy Star rebates are set to expire at the end of 2010. Promoting available Energy Star rebates and extending rebates through a city-wide program will help ensure continued participation. Story Landfill convenience site currently accepts white goods for proper disposal. Rebates for those making the swap should have an initial focus on refrigerators (generally the most energy intensive appliance). Carbon Reduction Potential: 348MTCO2e (Based on 1,000 refrigerators replaced with Energy Star refrigerators) Type of recommendation: Voluntary City of Bozeman: Mayors‟ Climate Protection Agreement 19 Nov. 29 WWR7- Adopt a 5 cent fee single- use plastic bags Adopting a fee on single-use plastic bags will help shift consumers away from the disposable mentality. This measure will reduce greenhouse gas emissions at the source level by creating diminished demand for virgin sourced material. In addition, it will also reduce plastic bags in the Logan landfill and provide funding for other CAP measures. The U.S. goes through 100 billion plastic shopping bags annually at an estimated cost to retailers of $4 billion. (The Wall Street Journal). The average family accumulates 60 plastic bags in only four trips to the grocery store. In good circumstances, high-density polyethylene will take more than 20 years to degrade. In less ideal circumstances (landfills or as general refuse), a bag will take more than 1,000 years to degrade. An estimated 3,960,000 tons of plastic bags, sack and wraps were produced in 2008. Of those, 3,570,000 tons (90%) were discarded. This is almost triple the amount discarded the first year plastic bag numbers were tracked (1,230,000 tons in 1980) (EPA). Anywhere from .5 percent to 3 percent of all bags winds up recycled. (BBC, CNN). When plastics break down, they don't biodegrade; they photodegrade. This means the materials break down to smaller fragments which readily soak up toxins. They then contaminate soil, waterways, and animals upon digestion. Use of disposable bags in the District of Columbia has plummeted 86 percent since the city first began imposing a fee on their use. Customers who tote their food or liquor purchases home in store provided bags are now charged 5 cents for each one they use. The fees go to a fund for cleaning up the city‟s Anacostia River. Fewer than 3 million disposable bags were sold in January 2010, according to a report by the D.C. Office of Tax and Revenue. That‟s down from an estimated 22.5 million bags per month used and disposed of by residents in previous months. A report shows the city collected roughly $150,000 in January for the river clean-up fund. The bag fee is estimated to raise $10 million over four years Carbon Reduction Potential: Not calculated Type of recommendations: Regulatory WWR8-Encourage waste reduction competitions through the Neighborhood Conservation Clubs Waste reduction equates to fewer trips to the landfill, more recycling, and more composting, each of which reduces carbon consumption as described elsewhere. Competitions provide an excellent way to not only reduce greenhouse gas production, but to create community while doing so. To help communities along the road to zero waste, organizations such as CleanScapes Seattle are challenging residents and neighborhoods to reduce their waste. Community members can win a $50,000 community project to be built in their neighborhood and maintained by CleanScapes Carbon Reduction Potential: Not calculated Type of recommendation: Voluntary WWR9- Support an increase in tipping fees to encourage waste reduction The task force seeks to tackle the city‟s greenhouse gas production on many fronts, including through market incentives. The Task Force believes that an increase in tipping fees will help change citizen behavior by providing them financial incentive to recycle more, thereby reducing greenhouse gases. City of Bozeman: Mayors‟ Climate Protection Agreement 20 Nov. 29 Carbon Reduction Potential: 247MTCO2e (Based on 300lbs/person/year of waste reduced) Type of recommendations: County WWR10-Support an opt-out policy for the delivery of phone books in the area According to a recent article in the Bozeman Daily Chronicle, regulators in many states are giving phone companies permissions to stop printing residential listings since fewer people are using them. New York, Florida, and Pennsylvania have recently approved requests to halt distribution of white pages. Phone books represent a large cause of global warming. First, thousands of trees must be harvested to create the phone books. The cutting, transport, milling, pulping, and paper making processes all entail large energy expenditures. Additionally, removal of the trees eliminates their ability to sequester carbon as they grow. Large numbers of phone books are never used and simply dumped to the landfill, where they decompose to methane. This is a ridiculous cycle. Citizens should have the ability to opt-out of having phone books simply dumped on their door steps. Carbon Reduction Potential: Not calculated Type of recommendations: State Legislature Community Engagement CE1-Appoint a permanent Sustainability Advisory Board (SAB) The CAP will need “Champions” in the community which will ensure its success. The SAB will work with the Community Coordinator to promote CAP projects in the community. CE2-Hire a full-time community coordinator The Community Coordinator (CC) will facilitate the objectives of the Community Climate Action Plan. Working with businesses, NorthWestern Energy, and Residents, the CC will develop collaborative projects with appropriate stakeholders. CE3-Perform emissions inventory every 3 years and provide annual progress reports to community. Completing an emissions inventory is an important step in the implementation phase of the plan. Performing an emissions inventory will allow the City and SAB to adjust for changes in new technologies which may emerge and monitor the effects of current measures on the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. CE4-Create community website for existing programs which includes an online carbon calculator An online carbon calculator can help you estimate your personal or family‟s greenhouse gas emissions and explore the impact of taking various actions to reduce your emissions. CE5-Develop an education campaign promoting- no-idling, electric vehicles, the benefits of public transportation, and transportation awareness in general. City of Bozeman: Mayors‟ Climate Protection Agreement 21 Nov. 29 Education and marketing efforts can have a significant effect in getting people to choose other transportation modes besides driving, in many cases comparable to the effect of much more expensive system upgrades. Successful marketing efforts involve a two-way flow of information, finding out what people want in transit and what information will help them use it. Seattle‟s One Less Car Program gives incentives for households to experiment with giving up a car and help in using other transportation modes. One third of the households had sold, or were selling or thinking about selling the extra car two months after the end of the program. For more information, see: http://www.cityofseattle.net/waytogo/onelesscar.htm Carbon Reduction Potential: 797MTCO2e (Based on 1,000 homes targeted) Type of recommendations: Voluntary CE6- Support the Yellowstone Business Partnership The Yellowstone Business Partnership unites businesses dedicated to preserving a healthy environment and shaping a prosperous and sustainable future for communities in the Yellowstone- Teton region. The Partnership promotes scientific understanding, informed dialogue, and collaborative approaches to resolving our region‟s most complex cross boundary socioeconomic and natural resource challenges. The CCAP supports the Greater Yellowstone Framework for Sustainable Development. Implementation Successful implementation of the CAP will require cooperation from all members of the community. The City of Bozeman should take a leadership role, and is required to do so as per the MCPA, in facilitating and establishing relationships to further the goals of the Community Climate Action Plan. An example of such an effort would be to leverage the rebates already available through Northwestern Energy‟s (NWE) Conservation programs. A stronger relationship between the local utility and the City is required to promote the efforts of the CAP. Future emissions inventories will also require continued support and cooperation by NWE. Recommendations CE1, CE2, and CE3 were developed to ensure implementation of the report. City of Bozeman: Mayors‟ Climate Protection Agreement 22 Nov. 29 Table 3: CAP Recommendations Sector Recommendation Jurisdiction Carbon Reduction Potential Metric Tons of CO2e RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS Increase energy efficiency in existing building stock RCB1- Launch an energy reduction challenge for residential and commercial buildings City 1490 RCB2- Restrict high polluting fuel sources in all residential and commercial buildings City Not Calculated RCB3- Require energy audit of residential homes at point of sale by adopting a Resource Energy Conservation Ordinance City 984 RCB4- Promote bulk installation for energy efficiency programs through the Neighborhood Conservation Clubs City Not Calculated Inventory energy usage of new and existing commercial buildings RBB5- Benchmarking City Not Calculated RCB6- Require commissioning and adherence to current International Energy Efficiency Codes (IECC) for all new construction City 932 Promote the development of renewable energy and conservation programs RCB7- Provide incentives to encourage the capture of solar energy on commercial buildings City 2192 RCB8- Require building energy performance as part of City's revolving loan fund for economic development City Not Calculated City of Bozeman: Mayors‟ Climate Protection Agreement 23 Nov. 29 Sector Recommendation Jurisdiction Carbon Reduction Potential Metric Tons of CO2e RCB9-Promote existing Northwestern Energy rebates City 551 RCB10- Encourage passive solar design at the planning stage City Not Calculated RCB11- Support Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) bond legislation State Legislature Not Calculated RCB12- Support Architecture 14X stimulus legislation State Legislature 566 RCB13- Support legislation to provide financial incentives for the use of renewable energy applications to current net-metering customers State Legislature 110 Total RCB Emission Reductions 6825 Transportation Support policies for long-term integrated multi-modal transportation & land use planning for a 20-30 year horizon TSP1- Complete the identified routes in the transportation plan for a true multi-modal network. City 497 TSP2- Adopt a minimum of a 1-mill levy for Streamline directly City 175 Develop infrastructure for electric vehicle friendly community and provide incentives for the production, sale and use of clean fuels. TSP3-Install charging stations for electric/hybrid vehicles at major public facilities and promote the installation of charging stations around town City 225 Reduce vehicle miles traveled and fuel emissions by promoting a pedestrian and bike friendly community TSP4- Adopt an anti- idling ordinance City 1144 City of Bozeman: Mayors‟ Climate Protection Agreement 24 Nov. 29 Sector Recommendation Jurisdiction Carbon Reduction Potential Metric Tons of CO2e TSP5-Improve lighting on sidewalks using solar powered energy where available City Not Calculated TSP6-Resurrect and enforce the sidewalk ordinance City Not Calculated TSP7-Support a local option gas tax to fund public transportation at the County level County 1134 TSP8-Examine emissions from Gallatin Field Airport and its effects on the surrounding area County Not Calculated TSP9-Reform taxi permitting process to remove current barriers for clean fleet services State Legislature Not Calculated Total TSP Emission Reductions 3175 Waste Pursue Alternative Energy Generation WWR1- The construction of a new dam must include hydro-generation capability City Not Calculated WWR2- Develop wind or solar on-site potential at city facilities City 2192 Promote an Integrated Waste Management System WWR3-Support a full waste characterization study which includes the potential development of a transfer station to minimize trips to Logan landfill City Not Calculated City of Bozeman: Mayors‟ Climate Protection Agreement 25 Nov. 29 Sector Recommendation Jurisdiction Carbon Reduction Potential Metric Tons of CO2e WWR4- Expand current composting program to include collection and separation of organics along with existing pick-up City 35 Promote waste reduction and water conservation WWR5- Provide recycling in public spaces such as parks and recreational areas City Not Calculated WWR6- Promote rebates for Energy Star Appliances City 348 WWR7- Adopt a 5 cent fee on all paper and plastic bags City Not Calculated WWR8-Encourage waste reduction competitions through the Neighborhood Conservation Clubs City Not Calculated WWR9- Support an increase in tipping fees to encourage waste reduction County 247 WWR10-Support an opt-out policy for the delivery of phone books in the area State Legislature Not Calculated Total WWR Emission Reductions 2822 Community Engagement CE1-Appoint a permanent Sustainability Advisory Board CE2-Hire a full-time community coordinator CE3-Perform emissions inventory every 3 years and provide annual progress reports to community City of Bozeman: Mayors‟ Climate Protection Agreement 26 Nov. 29 Sector Recommendation Jurisdiction Carbon Reduction Potential Metric Tons of CO2e CE4-Create community website for existing programs which includes an online carbon calculator CE5-Develop an education campaign promoting- no-idling, electric vehicles, the benefits of public transportation, and transportation awareness in general 797 CE6-Support the Yellowstone Business Partnership Program Total CE Emission Reductions 797 Total Emission Reductions 13,619 1 The U.S. Mayors Climate Protection Agreement (As endorsed by the 73rd Annual U.S. Conference of Mayors meeting, Chicago, 2005) A. We urge the federal government and state governments to enact policies and programs to meet or beat the target of reducing global warming pollution levels to 7 percent below 1990 levels by 2012, including efforts to: reduce the United States’ dependence on fossil fuels and accelerate the development of clean, economical energy resources and fuel-efficient technologies such as conservation, methane recovery for energy generation, waste to energy, wind and solar energy, fuel cells, efficient motor vehicles, and biofuels; B. We urge the U.S. Congress to pass bipartisan greenhouse gas reduction legislation that 1) includes clear timetables and emissions limits and 2) a flexible, market-based system of tradable allowances among emitting industries; and C. We will strive to meet or exceed Kyoto Protocol targets for reducing global warming pollution by taking actions in our own operations and communities such as: 1. Inventory global warming emissions in City operations and in the community, set reduction targets and create an action plan. 2. Adopt and enforce land-use policies that reduce sprawl, preserve open space, and create compact, walkable urban communities; 3. Promote transportation options such as bicycle trails, commute trip reduction programs, incentives for car pooling and public transit; 4. Increase the use of clean, alternative energy by, for example, investing in “green tags”, advocating for the development of renewable energy resources, recovering landfill methane for energy production, and supporting the use of waste to energy technology; 5. Make energy efficiency a priority through building code improvements, retrofitting city facilities with energy efficient lighting and urging employees to conserve energy and save money; 6. Purchase only Energy Star equipment and appliances for City use; 7. Practice and promote sustainable building practices using the U.S. Green Building Council's LEED program or a similar system; 8. Increase the average fuel efficiency of municipal fleet vehicles; reduce the number of vehicles; launch an employee education program including anti- idling messages; convert diesel vehicles to bio-diesel; 9. Evaluate opportunities to increase pump efficiency in water and wastewater systems; recover wastewater treatment methane for energy production; 10. Increase recycling rates in City operations and in the community; 11. Maintain healthy urban forests; promote tree planting to increase shading and to absorb CO2; and 12. Help educate the public, schools, other jurisdictions, professional associations, business and industry about reducing global warming pollution.