HomeMy WebLinkAbout09- Bozeman Community Plan, revised pages, 6-09Cl~apler `l: Principles and Planning
Guiding Principles
CHAPTER 2
Introduction
The City prepares plans and development standards to protect the
health, life, safety, and welfare of the people who live, work, and
play in the community. At the same ti>ne the City recognizes that
it cannot contrnl all of the factors that drive change, including
matters of state, federal, and county jurisdiction, and factors such as
the nations! and regional economy.
In 2001 the City of Bozeman 2.l Guiding Principles
received the All-American City
award from the National Civic Our motto is "Bozeman: The Most Livable Place." Preparing a
League. The Ail-America City community plan that strives to live up to this statement is a
Award is America's oldest and considerable challenge. Not all preferences can be pursued because
most prestigious community some are in conflict. The community must be prepared to make
recognition award. Since 1949
the All-America COY Award has difficult choices and trade-offs to adopt an acceptable and
encouraged and recognized workable plan. The community's vision for its future must be
civic excellence, honoring balanced agauist political, legal, and financial realities. However,
communities of all sizes (cities, the vision is worthy of every citizen's endeavor to make it reality.
towns, counties,
neighborhoods and regions) in The guiding principles of this Community Plan and the planning
which citizens, government, process can best be described as follows:
businesses and voluntary
organizations work together to Strives to achieve a fair and proper balance among conflicting
address critical local issues. interests, to protect the rights of citizens, and to affirm
community values as they have been expressed by citizens and
Bozeman throughout the planning process.
Realizes interrelated goals for land use, housing, transportation,
em~ironmental concerns, and economic development .
~~ Builds on desirable existing conditions while recognizuig and
' improving upon undesirable conditions.
Engages citizens in planning and decision-making efforts at the
neighborhood, citywide, and regional levels.
® ~lffinns Bozeman's commitment to responsible stewardship of
2001 the natural environment, excellence of environmental design,
and conservation of the heritage of the built environment.
• Includes sustainability considerations in community
development decisions.
Bozeman Community Plan Page 2-I
Planning Area
Chapter 2: Principles and Planning
1lssures that growth is accompanied by adequate infrastructure
through such means as level of sen~ice and adequate facilities
mechanisms, planning policies for public facilities, and a
strategic approach to financing imrestments in capital facilities.
Uses the influence and authorit}' of local government to realise
this vision by coordinating many public efforts and developing
partnerships with private sector efforts.
2.2 Planning Area
The plantung area far the Bozeman Community Plan covers the
Cit}' of Bozeman, as well as a half- to hvo-mile area around the
City (see Figure 1 on Page 2-3). The City of Bozeman is
approximately 1).S square notes in size (12,477 acres), and the
planning area is GG.3 square miles (42,4G3 acres) in size (including
the City of Bozeman). Over the past decade, a significant amount
of land has been annexed to the City (see Figure 2 on Page 2-4).
F3ecause population growth is expected to continue the annexation
of land to the City can also be expected to continue.
The planning area is based on the 20-~~ear sewer service boundary
contained in the City's 2007 Wastewater Facilities Plari. This same
planning area boundai•}~ was used for other City facility plans,
vicluding the Parks, Recreation, Open Space and Trails Plan, the
Water Facilities Plan, and the Stormwater Facilities Plan.
To ensure that the City grows in a logical and orderl}r manner it is
unportant that the Community Plan uiclude land use designations
for areas that can reasonably be expected to annex to the Ciry
during the next 20 years. These land use designations for areas
outside the City of Bozeman are not binding until the land is
annexed.
1're-designating the land use classifications for lands outside the
Cit}r, prior to atmexation, also lends predictability to the land
development process. Landowners and developers who are
interested in annexing land to the City know ahead of time vc~hat
their land use designation will bc, and the sorts of uses they can
expect to make of their land. Pre-designation also provides
landowners and developers with a sense of timing for development
of their property. Land with a Residential designation is
considered appropriate for annexation and development in the
near-term with fewer infrastructure constraints. In contrast, land
with a Present Rural designation has been determined to be more
appropriate for development in the long-term, with larger and
tnc}re expensive infrastructure improvements required to service it.
Acres Annexed by the City of
Bozeman by Year, 1996
through 2007
-._.~. 1996
11.497 acres
1997
958.956 acres
1998
90.044 acres
1999
104.064 acres
2000
632.092 acres
2001
794.06 acres
2002
222.746 acres
2003
186.582 acres
2004
484.467 acres
2005
444.5 acres
2006
716.8 acres
2007
468.262 acres
_II
.,~.
L ~.
,. ,~
. ,,,,~.
*.
_.
I~rnd annexed in 2007 (Story tbli/!)
Page ?-2 Bozeman G-mmunity Plan
Lind annexed in 2006 (Lo,}'alGar~len)
giapter 15: Subdivision Review
DeliniUans and Review Procedures
15.3.5 Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat
Wildlife means atumals that arc neither human, domesticated, nor
feral descendants of commonly domesticated animals; and wildlife
habitat means the place or type of habitat where wildlife naturally
thrives.
The following presumptions apply during subdivision review.
1) Lands within tl~e designated urban area are typically utilized for
purposes which reduce their value as wildlife habitat and
development will have a minor impact. Watercourse corridors and
wetlands arc an exception to dais presumption. The designated
urban area is all lands except Present Rural shown on Figure 3-1
(see pocket).
2). The habitat needs of larger and/or predatory wildlife species
such as deer, moose, bears, coyotes, or similar species will not be
met within urban density development. Therefore, these types of
animals are found to be undesirable within the City.
3) Smaller species, especially birds, are compatible witlun urban
density development and should be preserved, including the
encouragement of backyard habitats.
4) Wetlands, stream corridors, and similar high value habitats
should be preserved as much as possible. These provide a variety
of recreational, environmental sustainability, and safety values such
as flood control as well as habitat.
15.3.6 Public Health and Safety
Public Health and safety means a condition of optimal well-being,
free from danger or injury, for a community at large, as well as for
an individual or small group of persons. See also `Health' ui
Appendix K, Glossary.
The following presumptions apply during subdivision review.
1) Health is a comprehensive subject and threats to health include
chronic as well as acute hazards.
2) Subdivision design should encourage physical activity and a
healthy community.
3) The creation of hazards to public health and safety are not
acceptable and appropriate mitigation must be provided.
4) Some level of risk is present in all locations and times despite
efforts to prevent harm. Individual developments are not solely
responsible for the correction of risks which are common to all.
They should equitably participate in common solutions to
common problems. However, the presence of common risks, such
as inadequate public services, may prevent approval of a
development until the hazard has beeai removed or corrected.
Bozeman Community Plan Page ] 5.5
Interactions between hxmans and wildlife
orated Gy subdirrisionr irr imfwrtaat
r~ildlif haGitat often orate sitxatious
which are harmful to wildlife.
Public Ilearing Procedures
Chapter 15: Salxti~rision Revie~r
4) The developer of a subdivision may not accept hazards to
public health and safety on behalf of future residents or owners of
a subdivision b}= declaring that necessan= infrastructure
improvements or other actions are umiecessary.
15.4 Public Hearing Procedures
1'1n important part of the subdivision review process is the
opportunity to offer comments on the proposal. Comments ma}=
be given by any interested person. This opportunity is formall}~
provided by the public hearing process. Persons for, against, or
merely seeking information about the proposal may speak to the
appointed or elected officials who must re~riew the project. The
required public hearing on a subdivision proposal may be held
before either the Planting Board or the City Commssion. The
individual body to hold the public hearing is set by orduiance. In
the event that the Planning Board does not hold the public hearing
they will hold a public meetuig to review the project. They give a
recommendation to the City Commssion regarding the proposed
subdi`rision's compliance with the Bozeman Corrununity Plan.
Regardless of which body holds the hearing a similar procedure is
required. Generally, the format for a subdivision public hearuig is
as follows:
1) The public hearing will be advertised as required by state
law and Title 18 of the City of Bozeman Municipal Code.
2) T7ie public hearing will be conducted at the time and place
advertised.
3) Announcement of the project by the Mayor or the
President of the Board.
4) Report of the Development Review Committee by the
Department of Planning and Commuty}' Development,
including an analysis of compliance with the Bozeman
Community Plan, regulatory standards and a
recommendation of approval, denial, or approval with
conditions
5) Presentation by applicant and applicant's representative(s).
G) Questions from the Commission or Planning Board to
staff or applicant.
7) Tlie public hearing is opened with persons able to speak
for, against, or to seek additional information from
applicant or staff. A time limit may Ue established for each
speaker. The public is encouraged to provide a factual
basis for their support or opposition to a subdivision.
Page 15-b Bozeman Community Plan
Public Hearings provide a critical means
fur iutererJerl pe~fons Jo paiticipnJe in the
deczsion making process. Comments
addressing the reoiew criteria and
rompliance n~ith development .rJandmrls
are most e~ective.
Chapter 16: lmplementaiion
[mplemenlalion ~clion Plan
Health Command system, to facilitate response to health
emer envies.
b. Actively participate in common response programs such as PDP O
fire mutual aid.
Cha ter 14 onal Coordination and Coo eration
89) Establish strong working relationships between City officials IGC O
and staff and representatives of other governmental or non-
governmental service providers through regulazly scheduled
meetin s or other means. S, 88
90) Cooperate with other jurisdictions and agencies to effectively IGC, Fund O
address areas of mutual interest. S, 84, 88
a. Continue to support and participate in existing cooperative IGC O
intergovernmental groups such as the Transportation
Coordinating Committee, Gallatin City-County Board of
Health, and the Gallatin Valle Roundtable.
b. Establish inter-local agreements to address areas of common IGC 1,2
concerns and issues.
c. Provide assistance to other communities by sharing materials, IGC O
knowledge, and training opportunities with elected officials and
communit volunteers.
d. Partner with governmental and non-governmental groups IGC O
such as law enforcement, schools, MSU, Board of Health,
Bicycle Advisory Board, and the Pedestrian and Traffic Safety
Committee, to establish an ongoing pedestrian and bicycle
awareness and safet education ro am.
e. Coordinate land use policies with Gallatin County so that IGC, Pol O
properties within the planning area are annexed prior to
develo meat where urban services can be rovided.
f. Coordinate acquisition ofright-of--way so that streets can be IGC O
logically connected and developed in accordance with the
trans ortation tan.
. Work with MDT to enhance entr wa s into the communit IGC, Fund 3
91) Support coordinated planning throughout the Gallatin Valley. IGC O
61, 62
a. Support establishment of a regional planning coordinating Pol, IGC 2
committee based on the model of the Transportation
Coordinating Committee to address planning issues with
re Tonal im acts.
b. Continue cooperation and coordination with the Gallatin Pol, PDP, O
County Planning Board to support policies and programs that IGC
encourage development within municipalities and establish
cleazl defined urban owth areas.
c. Coo erate with School District Number 7 on the sitin and Pol, IGC O
Page 1(rl7 Bozen-an Community Plan
lmplemeulalion ~clion Plan
I;liapler 1G: Implemenlalion
redevelopment of neighborhood-based schools that will support
and integrate with the land use pattern of the Bozeman
Cammunit Plan.
d. Work with the Montana Department of Transportation and IGC 2
Gallatin County to develop coordinated public right-of--way
landscaping guidelines, including desired tree and grass species
and maintenance.
e. Coordinate with the Gallatin County Planning Department IGC 2
and Planning Board to identify agricultural lands within the
area designated Present Rura] in this plan where long-term,
sustained agricultural production should be supported. Identify
potential strategies for supporting agriculture on these lands and
rote atin them with future develo ment.
Cha ter 15 Subdivision Review
Cha ter i6 Im lementation
Cha ter 17 Review. and Amendment
92) Establish a schedule for regular review of publicly and Pol 1
rivatel initiated amendments.
93) Only approve amendments which benefit the community as a Pol O
whole, rather than a few individuals.
Page 1(x18 Bozeman Community Plan
Chapter 17: Review and ~mendmeui
Who May Initiate
Amendmer>ts
1. City Commission
2. Landowner of affected
property
3. Interested members of
the pubi'K
4. Planning. Hoard and
City Staff may suggest
amendments to the
City Commission
Amendment Criteria
1. The proposed
amendment must cure
a deficiency in the
growth policy, or
improve the growth
policy, to better
respond to the needs of
the general community;
2. The;proposed
amendment does not
create inconsstendes
within the growth
policy, eiEher between
the goals and the maps
or between different
goals and objectives.
3. Thee proposed
amendment must be
consistent with the
overall intent of the
growth policy;
Review criteria t~ontinued
on the next page.
~mendmenls
17.3 Review and Amendment Goals and Objectives
Goal RA-1: Coordinate amendments to balance
responsiveness and predictability, facilitate public
involvement, and conserve resources.
Rationale: Frequent amendment can create a problem with
consistency; both withal the plan itself and within its
implementation tools. When frequent changes are made,
people can find it difficult to keep up with the modifications.
?~ seities of small changes may result in large cumulative change
to the growth policy. Multiple changes create difficulties in
keepuig maps and other resources up to date. It is also
undesirable to place excessive limits on proposed amendments,
which prevent responses to changing conditions.
Objective RA.-1.1: Changes from Suburban Residential and
Present Rural should occur with the regular five year review period
re~risions rather than individual amendments unless an extremely
compelluig case can be made for significant public benefit from
the amendment. Other categories can be the subject of an
amendment in connection ~vitli any Commission selected schedule.
Implementation Policies: 1, 5, 81, 84, 92, 93
17.4 Amendments
~ need for changes may Ue identified during a review process. A
consistent and clear process for amending the growth policy is
important. The Boreman Community Plan vas formed on the
basis of significant community outreach efforts and the input of
many persons and groups. Alterations to the growth policy should
also provide a significant opportunity for public participatiton and
understanduig of the proposed changes. Amendments to the
growth policy must meet the same statutory standards as the
origuial adoption, including public input and review, public
hearings, review by the Planning Board and approval by the City
Commssion, and written Findings of Fact.
'Therefore, prior to the adoption of any amendment to the Plan,
the public process must be provided. ?~ fundamental requirement
for public participation is time for individuals to become aware of
proposed amendments and to study the proposed changes. A
minimum active public review period of three months is to be
expected. This Plan has been prepared to balance a wide variety of
interests. Changes to the Plan must continue the balance of needs
and interests. This plan has been prepared to be uuernally
consistent.
Bozeman Commttaity Plan
Page 17-3
~mendmenls
Internal consistency meets one of the fundamental purposes of
community plamiing; coordinaaion behveen government programs
and policies. All amendments must be carefully evaluated ro ensure
that changes do not create conflicts between goals, maps, or
implementation tools. If a proposed amendment would cause
conflicts within the plan, additional amendments must be
identified and reviewed so that any conflicts are resolved.
Any changes being proposed to either the text or the maps
contained in the Bozeman Community Plan must comply with all
of the defined criteria shown in the sidebars. The burden of proof
for the desirability of a proposed amendment and its compliance
with the criteria lies with the applicant. Unless all criteria are
successfully met by demonstrable facts, an amendment shall not be
approved.
Srate law requires review and consideration of the need for
amendments through Section 7G-1-601(3) (E), MCA which reads:
"(~ an implementation .rtrate~yL~ shat includer.•
(i) a timetahle for implementing the growth policy;
(ii) a lie? of cortdi/foi~.r that willlead to a rrz~isiorr of tbe~r»wth
palicy; and
(iii) a timetable for ~r~riewing ihegrowtb polity at leae7 once every ~
.}~earr acrd reni.dng the policy if necee:rary; "
Page 17-I'
Chapter I7: Re~~ew and Amendment
Amendment Crifieria
Continued
4. The proposed
amendment will not
adversely affect the
community as a whole
or significant. portion
by:
a. Significantly
altering land use
patterns and
principles in a
manner contrary to
those established
by this plan,
b. Requiring
unmitigated larger
or more expensive
improvements to
streets,. water,
sewer, or other
public faalties or
services,. thereby
impacting
development of
other lands,
c. Adversely impact
existing,uses
because. of
unmitigated
greater than
anticipated: impacts
on facilities and
services, or
d. Negatively .affect
the livability of the
area'or the health
and safety of the
residents.
Bozeman Community Plan
appendix C: Land Use Inventory, Fahire deeds and liaclcgroand ~nnexalion
Table (:-10, Po ulation Su on for Commercial 1lodes
Nei hborhood Corninercial Node Radius Conununi ~ Commercial Node Radius
0.5 mile 1 mile
Nei hborhood Area ommuni Commercial Node Area
0.785425 s uare miles 3.]417 s uare nine
Avers e uet Densi , Avers a net Densi
10,8 dwellings per net acre 10.8 dw s er net acre
N
Center Area
Commercial Node area
714
arsons er N
727
Node Area
Commercial Node Area
C.5 ANNEXATION
Betvicen.Jan ], 2002 -Dec 31, 2007 the City has annexed 2,523.36 acres (final actions taken to legally
include n~ the Cit}''s limits) which, equals 3.94 square miles. The City area for the 2020 plan was 12.98
square miles. An increase of 30.3% in geographic area of the City boundaries occurred between 2002-
2007. An annexation rnap showing all actions through the end of 2007 is included in Chapter 2,
Introduction. The past five years have seen an average growth rate of 5.02%. There has been an
estimated population increase of 10,301 or 36.4%, over Apri12001. Population is increasing faster than
City area.
A city grows in area through the annexation process. This process, which is governed by state law,
provides the mechanism for landowners to seek to have their land included within the Cit)=, and in
limited circumstances, permits the Cit}' to bring land withui its jurisdiction. Parts 7-2-42 through 7-2-4$
;~4ontana Code Annotated establish the legal framework for annexation. Although there are several
annexation procedures, the City prefers to utilize Part 46, Annexation by Petition, in processa~g
annexation requests. Other parts may be relied upon as considered most advantageous.
Since annexation often precedes development of land and access to urban services strongly influences
development densities, annexation can be a powerful tool to help support the Bozeman Growth Policy.
The future land use map is a long range vision of the community, and does not predict when any
individual parcel within the depicted urban area may become part of the Cite of Boretnan. Case by case
evaluations will need to be made for each proposed annexation as to whether an individual parcel
should be annexed at that time. As part of the Land use policy coordination efforts anticipated with this
plan, especially any nitergoverrunental agreement, it is hoped agreement with Gallatin County may be
reached that development proposed within the urban services area should proceed after annexation to
Bozeman. As noted above, it is desired that all lands shown on the future land use map that are not
categorized as Present Rural should be annexed prior to development. There are some smaller already
developed county parcels which are surrounded by or adjacent to the City. Inclusion of these parcels
within the City is an established City policy. The City is investigating means to facilitate these
annexations.
Page Gl l
Qozeman Commneily Plan
hcighborhood Plans
Appendix C: Laud Use InFeniory, Future Deeds and Bachgronnd
,'~nncxation allows access to municipal sernices which support urban density development. Urban
residential development is typically much more space efficient than rural development. Between 199G
and 2007, 7,271 homes were built in Bozeman. ~lssutning an urban density of six dwellings per net acre
these homes would consume 3.78 square miles of land. The same number of home at aural levels of one
dwelling per five net acres would consume 62.48 square miles. Therefore, constructing the home in
Bozeman presen~ed 58.69 square miles from development with associated infrastructure costs.
Boxeman's actual residential density ui that time from was greater than six dwellings per net acre.
Tigure G3 Impact on Rw•al Land fonservation by [rban Development in Bozeman 1990.2007
To further the purposes of community planning, state law authorizes the preparation of "neighborhood
plans." These plans are prepared for a portion of the entire commuiuty area and must be iu
conformance with the overall growth policy of the City. These smaller plans allow the investigation of
more derailed issues which would be burdensome to examine in a community wide planning process.
Because of the difference in scale between a Cityuride growth policy and the "neighborhood plans," the
smaller-scale plans will rely on the basic background information prepared for the overall growth policy
such as population projections and the discussion of development trends. Therefore, it is expected that
Page C•l2
Bozeman Community Plan
C.6 NEIGRBORHOOD PLANS
:lppendiz C: land Use ln~•enlor~•, Fulure'leeds and Background Zoping Correlation ~r'ilh Land Cse falegories
Bozeman Commpnity Plan Page C-li
*Tbe Berir/enlia/Emp/~Q.~•rr hfi.~ed•Uae tiouing dirbit/ bac not.~•e1 teen ~rratea I1 i~ pre~umea at Tit Ii~ne.
**Park.r a~z deputed ort Figrn e 3 in a/n~ort a/! ~ouiug drrlrict.~: Open ,~paier, Jor a vcnrel~• of pniporer air grated Hnder a// ronirrq di.~tricir.
hJdreutron in thin table doer not create au a//omance Jor xaer otlur t/pan parks and open +pacea that are not ah~ady ine/aded m /!~e Toning dirhirl.
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