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HomeMy WebLinkAboutDiscussion of Curbside Recycling Program Commission Memorandum REPORT TO: Honorable Mayor and City Commission FROM: Debbie Arkell, Director of Public Services Steve Johnson, Solid Waste Superintendent Chris Kukulski, City Manager SUBJECT: Curbside Recycling Business Plan MEETING DATE: January 14, 2008 RECOMMENDATION: Hear Solid Waste Superintendent Steve Johnson’s presentation on curbside recycling proposal. Hear public comment. Consider business plan. Direct staff to proceed / not to proceed with curbside recycling. BACKGROUND: Due to the interest in a curbside recycling program, Solid Waste Superintendent Steve Johnson included funding for the start up of a curbside recycling program in the FY08 budget. The Commission approved that funding with the caveat that a business plan be developed. Considerable research has since occurred and the attached business plan prepared. Pro Forma Cash Flow Scenarios have been prepared by the Finance Director to provide the Commission with information regarding whether such a program can be self-sustaining. These scenarios show that the success of the program depends on the number of customers using the service, as well as the amount of commodity recycled and the commodity market. It is estimated $230,000 in Solid waste reserve funds will be needed to start the program. If under 1,000 customers sign up for curbside service, or if the commodity market is not strong, the revenue will not cover expenditures and solid waste reserve funds will be needed to operate the program. There are currently three companies that offer curbside recycling pickup services in the City for a fee (ranging from $15 to $20 per month), and the Gallatin Solid Waste Management District plans to continue to operate the five Binnie drop-off sites where recycling commodities can be deposited at no cost to the customer. These services would be in direct competition for the projected program. Commission Memorandum - Curbside Recycling Business Plan January 14, 2008 - Page 2 100 PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS: · Commodities collected will be: plastics, tin cans, aluminum, newsprint, magazines and cardboard. · Approximately $230,000 in solid waste reserve funds will be used to begin the program. It is unlikely all (if any) of these funds would be repaid to the reserve. · The FY08 budget estimated the program could operate on a $10 per month subscription fee. It is worth mentioning that in Fiscal Year 2007, we paid over $50,000 from the Solid Waste Collection Division to the Headwaters Recycling Cooperative Program; in Fiscal Year 2008, we budgeted to spend over $16,000, approximately 4 months worth until the District took over. Upon joining the County Solid Waste Management District, the District will be paying this fee. A $10 per month subscription fee puts the program more at risk from “less than expected” growth in customer accounts. · A $12 per month subscription fee would better accommodate slow-growth in customer accounts and could possibly recover a small portion of start-up costs beginning in Year 6. · City Solid Waste customers currently pay $10.96 per month for a 35 gallon tote and $14.10 per month for a 65 gallon tote · There is no guaranteed number of customers. · There is no guaranteed rate of commodity sales. · It is estimated we will receive approximately $30 per customer per year in commodity sales ($30,000 per year total) and $30,000 per year in commercial cardboard sales. · A collection truck costs approximately $200,000. It will take approximately nine (9) months to order and get delivery of a collection truck. · An additional 1.0 FTE will operate the Recycling Truck to begin the program. Once 800 accounts are signed up, and addition 0.5 FTE will be hired. · Up to 1,600 accounts can be served by one collection truck. A second truck and additional .5 FTE (for a total of 2 FTE) will be needed once that number is reached. · The recycling operation will utilize the Solid Waste facility and support personnel at no expense to the recycling operation fund. This includes, but is not necessarily limited to, office support and expenses (electricity, etc.), commercial cardboard collection, finance office support (AR/AP), office and computer supplies and equipment, and supervision. FISCAL EFFECTS: As described above and in the attached business plan and pro-forma scenarios. ALTERNATIVES: As suggested by the City Commission. Respectfully submitted, _________________________________ ____________________________ Debbie Arkell, Director of Public Services Chris A. Kukulski, City Manager Attachments: Recycling Curbside Collection Business Plan Report compiled on December 18, 2007 101 1 CITY OF BOZEMAN SOLID WASTE DIVISION RECYCLING CURBSIDE COLLECTION PLAN January 9, 2008 I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The City of Bozeman began participating in recycling in 1997 as a member of the Headwaters Recycling Cooperative. The City’s solid waste division expanded recycling opportunities as the interest in recycling expanded by implementing city-operated cardboard and compost programs. The success of the recycling program in the Bozeman area resulted in collection problems for Headwaters Cooperative as there is so much commodity deposited in the Bozeman drop-off sites that they cannot adequately service the sites from their Helena headquarters. As a result, many site locations were lost, as the private property owners who allowed the collection bins to be placed on their property no longer wanted to deal with the mess that resulted from over-flowing bins. With the expansion of the Gallatin Solid Waste Management District to include the City of Bozeman, the District will be assuming the service of the five remaining drop-off sites in the City. They are also considering adding drop-off sites in other areas within the county. The 2007 City of Bozeman Citizen Survey asked respondents to rate the quality of utility services. For recycling, the City of Bozeman ranked in the 8th percentile of comparable cities, putting it well below the norm in comparison to 74 similar jurisdictions (68 out of 74). The Survey showed a strong interest in recycling, with 38% of the respondents stating they recycled more than 2 times per month, and 18% recycled at least one time per month. Overall, 84% of the respondents reported engaging in recycling in the last 12 months. However, the Quality of our recycling service received a rating of 44 out of 100, with 12% reporting excellent service; 35% reporting good service; 25% reporting fair service, and 28% reporting poor service. The 2006 Annual Solid Waste Division random customer phone survey showed 83% of the respondents use the Binnie recycling sites. Seventy-six percent of the customers surveyed indicated they would support a cost-effective curbside recycling collection program. Many citizens have requested curbside recycling services over the past several years. The FY08 Commission approved budget for the Solid Waste Recycling Division includes $354,837 for one FTE, operating costs and a curbside recycling collection vehicle, subject to the review and approval of an operational business plan. Further review of the program revises the operational and revenue projections. As it will take approximately 9 months to receive the collection vehicle once it is ordered, full operation could not begin until FY09. 102 2 Commodities that would be accepted are plastics, tin cans, aluminum, newsprint, magazines and cardboard, and would be collected curbside one time per week. Revenue from commodity sales will vary with the market and there is no guarantee of any amount of income. Cardboard revenue was included in the FY08 revenue projection, but the Binnie site cardboard will be now be processed by the SW District, and not by City recycling. The City’s Solid Waste Collection Division will continue to collect and market cardboard from their commercial customers who want this service, and revenues received could be credited to the Recycling Division. Revenue from this operation for the past 12 months netted $36,820 in commodity sales, which is 50% of the market rate. The processor retains the remaining 50% and does not charge a processing fee. The recycling operation will utilize the Solid Waste facility and support personnel at no expense to the recycling operation in the beginning of the program. This includes, but is not necessarily limited to, office support and expenses (electricity, etc.), commercial cardboard collection, finance office support (AR/AP), office and computer equipment, and supervision. Section VIII, Revenue Projections, provides Pro Forma Cash Flow Scenarios for four scenarios. Each scenario includes using $230,000 from solid waste cash reserves for program startup. Based on current markets and an estimate of commodity collected per household, approximately $30 per year per customer will be generated from commodity sales. In addition to these sales, the revenue from commercial cardboard collection could be used to supplement this curbside program. The two constant revenue assumptions in the Scenarios are $30 per year per account in curbside commodity revenue and $30,000 per year in commercial cardboard revenue. As shown in the Scenarios, the fund balance or deficit is dependent on the number of accounts and the subscription fee. Subscription services of $10, $12, and $15 per month for weekly collection were considered. While there is no guaranteed number of participants, the scenarios were calculated using 800 and 1,000 subscribers per year, with annual increases in the number of customers. A subscription service fee of $15 was analyzed. It accumulated cash beyond the operating costs and replacement of vehicles. Because this subscription service fee would cost more than regular garbage service for most residential customers, we did not present the details in this report. The Scenarios show that a $10 per month subscription fee puts the program more at risk from “less than expected” growth in customer accounts (Scenario D), and would not recover start-up costs in the foreseeable future. The startup costs would be treated as sunk costs, and the goal would be to sustain the program after startup. A subscription fee of $12 per month would better accommodate slow-growth in customer accounts (Scenario B), and could possibly recover a small amount ofstart-up costs beginning in Year 6. It is important to stress that the customer and commodity sales numbers are not guaranteed. 103 3 While recycling may not “pay for itself”, it generates costs savings in other areas. When recyclables are not thrown into the solid waste stream, collection trucks have more room for additional accounts, and the landfill tipping fees are less. Recycled commodities are re-used, saving resources, and valuable lined landfill cells are used for materials that cannot be recycled. It is important to recognize that if this curbside recycling operation is not self-sustaining, revenue from other sources must be infused into the program in order for it to continue. These revenue sources could include the solid waste reserve fund, increased solid waste collection fees, increased curbside fees, or general funds. II. INVESTMENT CONSIDERATIONS Solid waste division cash reserves in the amount of $230,000 will be used to cover start up costs of the program. These funds could be paid back depending on program revenue. A. Collection Vehicle. It is projected that one truck can serve 1,600 accounts over a one week period. Once 1,600 accounts are achieved, another truck would have to be purchased in order to serve the additional customers. At that point, the .5 FTE position would have to be increased to a full time position to operate the second truck. This projection is based on current production in the Spokane, Washington curbside recycling division. 1) Purchase a truck for approximately $200,000 (preferred) 2) Lease-to-purchase a truck for $44,690 annually for 5 years, with $1.00 buyout at the end of the lease ($223,451 total). If the program ended before the 5 year lease expires, the Division would continue to be responsible for the lease payments. B. Collection Tubs. Purchase 1,200 tubs for approximately $8,000 104 4 C. Advertising & Promotion. Expend approximately $4,000 for advertising and promotion of the program D. Cash reserves. Approximately $18,000. III. TARGET MARKET The target market will be residences and businesses within Bozeman City limits. There are currently approximately 9,800 properties in the city that receive city water and/or sewer services. While there is the potential for 9,800 customers to participate in the curbside recycling program, it is unlikely this will occur because the Solid Waste District proposes to continue operating the free recycling “Binnie” drop-off sites within the City, there are three existing companies that offer curbside recycling, and not every household or business is interested in recycling. IV. THE COMPETITION There are currently three companies that offer curbside recycling pickup services. As private companies, they are not required to divulge their business details such as how many customers they have. One company charges $15.00 per month and two companies charge $20.00 per month. The free “Binnie” sites will also create competition, as people interested in recycling can continue to take their commodities to the drop-off sites for no monthly fee. V. MARKETING OUTLINE AND SALES STRATEGY A minimum of three months prior to the expected collection truck delivery date, advertising for the service and signing up customers will begin. This will provide time for the routes and accounts to be established by the Solid Waste residential collection foreman and office personnel. Customers will not be billed until the service begins. The convenience of the service will be stressed – the customer will set out their recycling tubs on the same day their City solid waste collection occurs – as will the benefits of recycling to the environment. Periodic advertising will continue throughout the year. Advertising options include: A. Bozeman Daily Chronicle – Quarter page advertisement at $630/day for Monday through Saturday editions; $660/day for Sunday editions. Half page advertisement at $1,205/day for Monday through Saturday editions; $1254/day for Sunday editions. 105 5 B. Flyers inserted in City utility statements - $900/10,000 copies. C. Presentations at Civic Organizations – Staff time plus copy costs for informational brochures D. Informational booths at civic events (i.e. fairs) – Staff time plus copy costs for informational brochures E. Public school educational programs – Staff time plus copy costs for informational brochures F. Television ads · KXLF, approximately $550/84 spots · KTVM, approximately $1,000/30 spots · Max Media, approximately $1,200 production & broadcast charge G. Radio ads · KBOZ Stations, $490 / 140 30-second commercials (70 commercials provided free via good Neighbor contribution) run over a 5-day period · Clear Channel Stations, prices vary based on time of day and station selected, average $20 per 30-second ad H. Bresnan Cable Channel 20 slides – no cost I. Offering the service to all new customers when they call to sign up for solid waste collection service – no cost VI. OPERATIONS Customers will place their commodities in a recycling tub that is provided by the Division, and place the tub at the curbside on their solid waste collection day. Customers whose solid waste is picked up in alleys will place their recycling tubs at the curbside, not in the alley with their solid waste. Pickup will occur one time each week. All goods will be placed in the same tub in a select order. The collection truck is specifically designed for recycling collection, and the cab is approximately 11-inches off the ground, making exiting the truck safe and convenient. The box is divided into compartments. The truck driver exits the truck, picks up the tub and places it on a shelf on the box, and places the customer-separated commodities into each appropriate divider. When the truck is full, the truck is driven to the processor, who will be chosen through the required procurement RFP process. The separated product is unloaded at the processor, who markets the product. This processor will accept the separated commodities and will market the commodities. There are several options for selecting a 106 6 company but our proposal is that processors responding to the RFP will propose a monthly processing fee, with 100% of the commodity revenue returned to the City, for a three year contract. Another option would be that the processor markets the commodity and provides the city with a percentage of the commodity revenue. For the FY08 budget, Staff projected 1 FTE would be needed to operate a curbside collection service, until the program exceeded our initial estimate of 1000 accounts. In the beginning, this operation will have to rely on the collection division to provide back- up and assistance, which may not always be available due to the work load of that division. When service is provided to over 1,600 customers, a second truck will be needed and the .5 FTE will need to be increased to full time. VII. MARKET There is one processor currently operating in Gallatin County. Their current (December 1, 2007) pricing for bailing and marketing products delivered to their site is: · Cardboard: $55 per ton · Newspaper & magazines: $42 per ton mixed, collected together · #1 & #2 Plastic bottles: $120 per ton mixed, collected together · Aluminum: $0.25 per pound or $500 per ton, collected mixed with steel cans · Steel (tin) cans: $50 per ton, collected mixed with aluminum The current (December 1, 2007) net (after freight) market rate for commodity sales follows. This rate fluctuates daily: · Cardboard: $145 per ton · Newspaper & magazines: $110 per ton · #1 & #2 Plastic bottles: $220 per ton · Aluminum: $0.80/pound · Steel (tin) cans: $70 per ton It is anticipated that each curbside customer will generate approximately $25.00 per year in commodity sales revenue. VIII. FINANCIAL DATA AND REVENUE PROJECTIONS The monthly fee must be established by a Commission Resolution. Various options could be considered, such as, but not limited to: 1) should the proposed fee be $10 per month; $12 per month; or should the fee be higher or lower; 2) should non-City Collection customers be charged a higher fee; 3) should non-City Collection customers be offered the service. It is anticipated that if the fee is too high, some potential customers may elect to continue to use the Binnie sites rather than utilize this service. City solid waste residential collection customers currently pay $10.96 per month for a 35 gallon tote and $14.10 per month for a 65 gallon tote. The following Pro Forma Cash Flow Scenarios have been established and are attached: 107 7 · Scenario A, $12/month fee, beginning with 1,000 customers per year · Scenario B, $12/month fee, beginning with 800 customers per year · Scenario C, $10/month fee, beginning with 1000 customers per year · Scenario D, $10/month fee, beginning with 800 customers per year 108 Pro‐Forma Financial StatementsCity of BozemanCurbside‐Recycling PlanEscalation FactorsYear 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6RevenuesMonthly Service Fee  (See Individual Scenario) 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%ExpensesUtilities 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00%Labor 3.85% 3.85% 3.85% 4.00% 4.00%Benefit ‐ Medical 10.00% 10.00% 10.00% 10.00% 10.00%Benefits ‐ Other 2.00% 2.00% 2.00% 2.00% 2.00%Materials & Supplies 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00%Chemicals 10.00% 10.00% 10.00% 10.00% 10.00%Electricity 8.00% 8.00% 8.00% 8.00% 8.00%Natural Gas 5.00% 5.00% 5.00% 5.00% 5.00%Gas & Oil 5.00% 5.00% 5.00% 5.00% 5.00%Equipment 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00%Miscellaneous 2.00% 2.00% 2.00% 2.00% 2.00%109 Scenario ACurbside Recycling ProgramFY09 TOTAL Startup1Qtr2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6Beginning Balance 230,000       18,000      13,625      16,999      28,024        18,000        68,580      162,739    268,710    388,295    279,818    Cash Flow From Operations** Number of Accounts 400         600        8001000100012001320145016001760  Monthly Service Fees ($12/month) 14,400    21,600    28,800    36,000      100,800      172,800  190,080  208,800  230,400  253,440    Commodity Sales ($30/acct/year) 3,000       4,500      6,000      7,500        21,000        36,000    39,600    43,500    48,000    52,800      Commodity Sales Commercial Cardboard 30,000        30,000    30,000    30,000    30,000    30,000     Total Cash Receipts17,400    26,100    34,800    43,500      151,800      238,800  259,680  282,300  308,400  336,240   Total Cash Available230,000       35,400    39,725    51,799    71,524      169,800      307,380  422,419  551,010  696,695  616,058   Cash Paid Out  Office Supplies 375          375         375         375           1,500         1,545      1,591      1,639      1,688      1,739        Computer Supplies 125          125         125         125           500            515         530         546         563         580           Clothing & Uniforms 75            75           75           75              300            309         318         328         338         348           Advertising & Promotion 4,000          1,500       1,500      1,500      1,500        6,000         10,000    10,300    10,609    10,927    11,255      Fuel 1,500       2,250      3,000      3,750        10,500        18,900    21,830    25,178    29,172    33,694      Insurance‐               Repairs & Maintenance 1,000       1,200      1,500      2,000        5,700         8,308      8,628      8,960      9,318      9,691        Payroll‐             Wages ‐ 1 FTE, 1.5 FTE, 2 in Year 6 11,346    11,346    11,346    17,019      51,058        70,698    73,420    76,247    79,297    110,116  Medical Benefits ‐ 1 FTE, 1.5 FTE, 2 in Year 6 2,214       2,214      2,214      3,321        9,964         14,614    16,076    17,683    19,452    28,530    Other Benefits ‐ 1 FTE, 1.5 FTE, 2 in Year 6 2,277       2,277      2,277      3,416        10,247        14,187    14,471    14,760    15,056    20,475      Small Equipment/Misc Vehicle Supplies 113          113         113         113           450            464         477         492         506         522           General Miscellaneous (Unanticipated) 1,250       1,250      1,250      1,250        5,000         5,100      5,202      5,306      5,412      5,520       Sub Total 4,000          21,775    22,725    23,775    32,944      101,220      144,641  152,844  161,749  171,729  222,470  Capital Purchases  Collection Truck 200,000       244,000  253,760    Recycling Tubs 8,000           ‐              ‐          865         966         1,148      1,120      Total Cash Paid Out 212,000       21,775    22,725    23,775    32,944      101,220      144,641  153,709  162,715  416,877  477,350  Ending Cash Balance 18,000        13,625    16,999   28,024   38,580      68,580        162,739  268,710  388,295  279,818  138,708  110 Scenario BCurbside Recycling ProgramFY09 TOTAL Startup1Qtr2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6Beginning Balance 230,000       18,000      3,687        (4,863)      (5,763)         18,000        26,843      73,227      129,366    194,776    24,812      Cash Flow From Operations** Number of Accounts 150         300        5008008009001000110012001300  Monthly Service Fees ($12/month) 5,400       10,800    18,000    28,800      63,000        129,600  144,000  158,400  172,800  187,200    Commodity Sales ($30/acct/year) 1,125       2,250      3,750      6,000        13,125        27,000    30,000    33,000    36,000    39,000      Commodity Sales Commercial Cardboard 30,000        30,000    30,000    30,000    30,000    30,000     Total Cash Receipts6,525       13,050    21,750    34,800      106,125      186,600  204,000  221,400  238,800  256,200   Total Cash Available230,000       24,525    16,737    16,887    29,037      124,125      213,443  277,227  350,766  433,576  281,012   Cash Paid Out  Office Supplies 375          375         375         375           1,500         1,545      1,591      1,639      1,688      1,739        Computer Supplies 125          125         125         125           500            515         530         546         563         580           Clothing & Uniforms 75            75           75           75              300            309         318         328         338         348           Advertising & Promotion 4,000          1,500       1,500      1,500      1,500        6,000         10,300    10,609    10,927    11,255    11,593      Fuel 563          1,125      1,875      3,000        6,563         14,175    16,538    19,101    21,879    24,887      Insurance‐               Repairs & Maintenance 1,000       1,200      1,500      2,000        5,700         8,308      8,628      8,960      9,318      9,691        Payroll‐             Wages ‐ 1 FTE, 1.5 FTE 11,346    11,346    11,346    17,019      51,058        70,698    73,420    76,247    79,297    82,469    Medical Benefits ‐ 1 FTE, 1.5 FTE 2,214       2,214      2,214      3,321        9,964         14,614    16,076    17,683    19,452    21,397    Other Benefits ‐ 1 FTE, 1.5 FTE 2,277       2,277      2,277      3,416        10,247        14,187    14,471    14,760    15,056    15,357      Small Equipment/Misc Vehicle Supplies 113          113         113         113           450            464         477         492         506         522           General Miscellaneous (Unanticipated) 1,250       1,250      1,250      1,250        5,000         5,100      5,202      5,306      5,412      5,520       Sub Total 4,000          20,838    21,600    22,650    32,194      97,282        140,216  147,861  155,990  164,764  174,102  Capital Purchases  Collection Truck 200,000       244,000   ‐            Recycling Tubs 8,000           ‐              ‐           ‐           ‐           ‐          700         Total Cash Paid Out 212,000       20,838    21,600    22,650    32,194      97,282        140,216  147,861  155,990  408,764  174,802  Ending Cash Balance 18,000        3,687       (4,863)    (5,763)    (3,157)      26,843        73,227    129,366  194,776  24,812    106,209  111 Scenario CCurbside Recycling ProgramFY09 TOTAL Startup1Qtr2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6Beginning Balance 230,000       18,000      11,225      10,999      17,224        18,000        51,780      116,839    190,821    275,288     128,083    Cash Flow From Operations** Number of Accounts 400         600        8001000100012001320145016001760  Monthly Service Fees ($10/month) 12,000    18,000    24,000    30,000      84,000        144,000  158,400  174,000  192,000   211,200    Commodity Sales ($30/acct/year) 3,000       4,500      6,000      7,500        21,000        36,000    39,600    43,500    48,000     52,800      Commodity Sales Commercial Cardboard 30,000        30,000    30,000    30,000    30,000     30,000     Total Cash Receipts15,000    22,500    30,000    37,500      135,000      210,000  228,000  247,500  270,000   294,000   Total Cash Available230,000       33,000    33,725    40,999    54,724      153,000      261,780  344,839  438,321  545,288   422,083   Cash Paid Out  Office Supplies 375          375         375         375           1,500         1,545      1,591      1,639      1,688       1,739        Computer Supplies 125          125         125         125           500            515         530         546         563           580           Clothing & Uniforms 75            75           75           75              300            309         318         328         338           348           Advertising & Promotion 4,000          1,500       1,500      1,500      1,500        6,000         10,300    10,609    10,927    11,255     11,593      Fuel 1,500       2,250      3,000      3,750        10,500        18,900    21,830    25,178    29,172     33,694      Insurance‐               Repairs & Maintenance 1,000       1,200      1,500      2,000        5,700         8,308      8,628      8,960      9,318       9,691        Payroll‐             Wages ‐ 1 FTE, 1.5 FTE, 2 in Year 6 11,346    11,346    11,346    17,019      51,058        70,698    73,420    76,247    79,297     110,116  Medical Benefits ‐ 1 FTE, 1.5 FTE, 2 in Year 6 2,214       2,214      2,214      3,321        9,964         14,614    16,076    17,683    19,452     28,530    Other Benefits ‐ 1 FTE, 1.5 FTE, 2 in Year 6 2,277       2,277      2,277      3,416        10,247        14,187    14,471    14,760    15,056     20,475      Small Equipment/Misc Vehicle Supplies 113          113         113         113           450            464         477         492         506           522           General Miscellaneous (Unanticipated) 1,250       1,250      1,250      1,250        5,000         5,100      5,202      5,306      5,412       5,520       Sub Total 4,000          21,775    22,725    23,775    32,944      101,220      144,941  153,153  162,068  172,057   222,807  Capital Purchases  Collection Truck 200,000       244,000   253,760    Recycling Tubs 8,000           ‐              ‐          865         966         1,148       1,120      Total Cash Paid Out 212,000       21,775    22,725    23,775    32,944      101,220      144,941  154,018  163,033  417,205   477,688  Ending Cash Balance 18,000        11,225    10,999   17,224   21,780      51,780        116,839  190,821  275,288  128,083   (55,605)  112 Scenario DCurbside Recycling ProgramFY09 TOTAL Startup1Qtr2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6Beginning Balance 230,000       18,000      2,787        (7,563)      (11,463)      18,000        16,343      41,127      73,266      112,276    (86,488)     Cash Flow From Operations** Number of Accounts 150         300        5008008009001000110012001300  Monthly Service Fees ($10/month) 4,500       9,000      15,000    24,000      52,500        108,000  120,000  132,000  144,000  156,000    Commodity Sales ($30/acct/year) 1,125       2,250      3,750      6,000        13,125        27,000    30,000    33,000    36,000    39,000      Commodity Sales Commercial Cardboard 30,000        30,000    30,000    30,000    30,000    30,000     Total Cash Receipts5,625       11,250    18,750    30,000      95,625        165,000  180,000  195,000  210,000  225,000   Total Cash Available230,000       23,625    14,037    11,187    18,537      113,625      181,343  221,127  268,266  322,276  138,512   Cash Paid Out  Office Supplies 375          375         375         375           1,500         1,545      1,591      1,639      1,688      1,739        Computer Supplies 125          125         125         125           500            515         530         546         563         580           Clothing & Uniforms 75            75           75           75              300            309         318         328         338         348           Advertising & Promotion 4,000          1,500       1,500      1,500      1,500        6,000         10,300    10,609    10,927    11,255    11,593      Fuel 563          1,125      1,875      3,000        6,563         14,175    16,538    19,101    21,879    24,887      Insurance‐               Repairs & Maintenance 1,000       1,200      1,500      2,000        5,700         8,308      8,628      8,960      9,318      9,691        Payroll‐             Wages ‐ 1 FTE, 1.5 FTE 11,346    11,346    11,346    17,019      51,058        70,698    73,420    76,247    79,297    82,469    Medical Benefits ‐ 1 FTE, 1.5 FTE 2,214       2,214      2,214      3,321        9,964         14,614    16,076    17,683    19,452    21,397    Other Benefits ‐ 1 FTE, 1.5 FTE 2,277       2,277      2,277      3,416        10,247        14,187    14,471    14,760    15,056    15,357      Small Equipment/Misc Vehicle Supplies 113          113         113         113           450            464         477         492         506         522           General Miscellaneous (Unanticipated) 1,250       1,250      1,250      1,250        5,000         5,100      5,202      5,306      5,412      5,520       Sub Total 4,000          20,838    21,600    22,650    32,194      97,282        140,216  147,861  155,990  164,764  174,102  Capital Purchases  Collection Truck 200,000       244,000   ‐            Recycling Tubs 8,000           ‐              ‐           ‐           ‐           ‐          700         Total Cash Paid Out 212,000       20,838    21,600    22,650    32,194      97,282        140,216  147,861  155,990  408,764  174,802  Ending Cash Balance 18,000        2,787       (7,563)    (11,463)  (13,657)    16,343        41,127    73,266    112,276  (86,488)  (36,291)  113