HomeMy WebLinkAbout12-01-25 Public Comment - A. Levy - Argument against moving the B-3 boundary - Google DocsFrom:Allison Levy
To:Terry Cunningham; Jennifer Madgic; Joey Morrison; Emma Bode
Cc:Bozeman Public Comment
Subject:[EXTERNAL]Argument against moving the B-3 boundary - Google Docs.pdf
Date:Friday, November 28, 2025 9:35:49 AM
Attachments:Argument against moving the B-3 boundary - Google Docs.pdf
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Thank you again for taking the time last week out of your busy schedules to meet with us and
walk with us, listen to us and debate with us. It made us feel heard. Now we wait. Heartfeltthanks.
Happy holidays. Best regards,
Ali Levy 308 S. Black Ave
Argument against moving the B-3 boundary
to E. Curtiss between S. Tracy and S. Black
Development in the B-3 zoning district, where it meets historic residential
neighborhoods, has been an issue for the Bozeman community for the last decade!
Since the Neighborhood Conservation Overlay District (NCOD) Design Guidelines for
the B-3 were relaxed, through the creation of subchapter 4b, in order to stimulate
redevelopment in the core, residents have been advocating for transition regulations
that would mitigate the negative impacts of this high-intensity zoning district on the
existing homes and residents nearby.
Zone Edge Transition (ZET) measures were added to the UDC in 2018, but the first
iteration did not require that transition regulations apply across a city street. This
resulted in unsympathetic development at the corner of N. Tracy and Villard (and other
locations) where new construction compromised the integrity of the setting of the
George Harrison house, a National Register Historic home built by an early Bozeman
African American architect, and located within the N. Tracy Historic District.
Our Growth Policy, a.k.a. the Community Plan adopted in 2020 suggests that we learn
from our mistakes. Page 25, “R-1.1 Be reflective: use past experience to inform future
decisions.” This situation should not be allowed to happen ever again.
In the proposed draft UDC, Zone Edge Transition regulations are greatly improved,
including set backs, landscape requirements, and architectural step backs. They also
apply across a right-of-way that is less than 60 ft. Many of the older streets surrounding
the B-3 are less than 60 ft right-of-ways. If the Henry had been required to meet these
provisions, the damaging impact to the historic property and district would have been
greatly reduced if not eliminated.
The Growth Policy also suggests on page 34, “DCD-2.9 Evaluate increasing the number
of stories allowed in centers of employment and activity while also directing height
transitions down to adjacent neighborhoods.” Since this 2020 Community plan’s
adoption there has been widespread support for leveraging increased height ONLY on
condition that deed restricted affordable units be required. The state legislature
continues to remove our communities' tools for affordable housing creation, so nothing
should be given away for free.
These transition measures proposed in the draft UDC fulfill a directive from the
Downtown Bozeman Improvement Plan (DBIP) as well. On page 116, in the section on
Sensitive Transitions the plan recommends that within the B-3 “...adjacent to the
surrounding residential zones, buildings should begin to taper down and gradually
adjust downward.” The plan actually goes on to recommend “gentle” residential infill, for
the neighborhoods near the B-3, calling out ADU’s specifically!
On page 111 of the DBIP areas are identified for an adjustment to the B-3 boundary.
Below is an image of E Curtiss that corresponds to the area labelled “B” in this map.
The proposed draft UDC zoning map is suggesting the boundary of the B-3 zone be
moved south to E. Curtiss rezoning a church and 3 small homes pictured on the left
above.
Current Zoning:
Proposed zoning:
Our Growth Policy recommends on page 29, “N-1.11 Enable a gradual and predictable
increase in density in developed areas over time.” Nothing about rezoning from R-2 to
B-3 is gradual.
Furthermore, the community learned on November 17th, at the Community
Development Board meeting, that developers could get out of fulfilling the ZET
requirements in the draft code if they were to cede property to the city to increase the
right-of-way to 60 ft! This loophole was confirmed at the November 18th City
Commission UDC work session.
East Curtiss at this location varies from 57’ 9” to 58’ 1” wide, making transition
regulations apply. Or so we thought. This rezoning would create an incentive for
redevelopment of an entire city block to include massive buildings, potentially 90 ft tall,
the type of buildings the transition regulations were drafted for. By ceding as little as 2
feet to the city, a developer would not be required to set back, landscape, or step back
an enormous project thereby repeating the trend of development that has caused so
much damage already.
This loophole must be closed if we are to hope for the recommendation on page 30 of
the DBIP, “Protect the character of the Main Street Historic District and enhance the
residential neighborhoods through context-sensitive development.” As we’ve learned
from multiple projects at the edge of the B-3, enormous buildings across from low
density, single family historic neighborhoods are NOT context-sensitive.
This identified ZET loophole is also an argument against moving the B-3 boundary.
Were the boundary to remain midblock, transition regulations would be nearly
impossible to get out of. We actually want the transitions as outlined in both the Growth
Policy and the DBIP!
In fact, another directive in the DBIP, supports a recommendation from resident property
owner and architect Jessica Jellison, that if the boundary in this area were to change, it
should actually move north in order to rezone the city-owned parking lot to R-A! Page
111 states that “Care should be taken to keep the changes to the boundary as minimal
as possible so that they maintain and reinforce the existing downtown and
neighborhood areas on either side.” This map below illustrates that rezoning the
parking lot (one parcel) is actually a more minimal adjustment to the B-3 boundary than
rezoning the church and 3 small homes.
Rezoning the parking lot to R-A would more closely implement a recommendation from
the 2019 NCOD Final Policy Direction report (colloquially referred to as the Bendon
Adams report) which states on page 48, “The established neighborhoods and historic
districts located to the south of downtown dictate a very clear boundary between
traditional neighborhood development and the B-3 zone; our recommendation,
regardless of any of the options presented, is for the City to consider aligning the
southern B-3 district boundary with the existing historic districts to the south of Babcock
Street.”
The DBIP also presents parking data that has become increasingly important to
consider in land use decisions since the population explosion resulting from Covid, and
recent changes in state law. On page 46 the report includes data from the Western
Transportation Institute indicating that this section of downtown was frequently
experiencing higher than 85% on-street parking utilization both during the day and in the
evenings. 18 individual blocks were called out. “These areas can largely be found
around the edges of the study, in the boundary of the Downtown core and the
residential neighborhoods where parking regulations around time limits are loosened.”
Neighboring residential areas are currently serving as overflow parking for high intensity
use of the downtown core.
In May of 2025 the Governor signed HB 492 removing Bozeman’s ability to require
parking for much of the redevelopment that would happen in B-3. Until Bozeman adds
another parking garage downtown, it would be unwise to increase congestion and
dysfunction on these narrow historic streets by expanding the B-3 further into residential
areas.
There may be little appetite among the current commission to rezone the city parking lot
at this time. If that is the case, the B-3 line should remain where it is in current code,
with the parking lot rezoning on the table as an option in the future.
With the B-3 line existing midblock we have some assurance that redevelopment in the
core will in fact transition down to the historic neighborhoods to the south. Several
public comments have related the incredible history of the structures in the area, and
our Growth Policy suggests (page 30, N-4.1) that we as a community want to “Continue
to recognize and honor the unique history, neighborhoods, neighborhood character, and
buildings that contribute to Bozeman’s sense of place through programs and policy led
by both City and community efforts." Aside from the history, the feel of E. Curtiss
between S. Tracy and S. Black is very residential in character. The expansion of the
B-3 in this location would destroy this character.
The final Growth Policy directive that should guide us in this decision is found on page
26, “R-2.9 Long-Term and Lasting Impact: Create long-term gains to the community with
solutions that are replicable and sustainable, creating benefit for present and future
generations.” We have a duty to future generations to preserve the unique history
embodied in our historic neighborhoods. Once destroyed or compromised, we cannot
get it back. And as is often found, when we lose the structures, we lose the stories.
Locating the B-3 line mid-block will require redevelopment of the B-3 to implement the
ZET requirements in the proposed draft UDC. These requirements will result in a
gradual stepping down in intensity from the B-3 towards the neighborhoods, which will
honor and respect these historic resources so they may be enjoyed by future
generations.