HomeMy WebLinkAboutWARD Presentation 2025-10-4O NE V A L L E Y . O RG/ R E GI O NA L H OU SI NG
Thought Leadership
•Focused on the cross-section of WARD and
affordable housing development
•Examining three affordable housing projects in
Bozeman.
•The policy analysis also provided an extensive list
of affordable housing tools identified by the RHC.
•Based on extensive experience of local affordable
housing practitioners and the Gallatin County
Planning Department, interviews with local stakeholders, information provided by the
authors of WARD, and national research from
trusted entities.
•The RHC approved the RHC WARD Policy Analysis
on September 25.
RHC WARD
Policy
Analysis
Water Adequacy for
Residential Development
Water Adequacy for Residential
Development: The initiative requires
developers of projects with three or more
units who pay Cash-in-Lieu of Water Rights
(CILWR)to provide 33%of those units at
below-market rates. The CILWR option is
used by almost all new residential
developments in Bozeman (98-99%).
What is
WARD?
O NE V A L L E Y . O RG/ R E GI O NA L H OU SI NG
What is the biggest barrier to affordable
housing development?
O NE V A L L E Y . O RG/ R E GI O NA L H OU SI NG
The Capital Gap
2-Bedroom Townhome, 1,200 Sq Ft, 1-Car Garage
Real figures from a below-market home in the Bridger View Neighborhood.
O NE V A L L E Y . O RG/ R E GI O NA L H OU SI NG
Key Findings from Local Experts
•Capital gaps exist across project types and target incomes, whether an
ownership product targeting households between 80 -120% AMI, or a
below-market rental project serving households under 60% AMI.
•Hard subsidies (in the form of land and grants – usually both) are
required to make below-market projects financially feasible.
•For mixed-income projects, profits from market-rate units are not
sufficient to subsidize a significant number of below-market units.
O NE V A L L E Y . O RG/ R E GI O NA L H OU SI NG
Key Findings from National Experts
•Local affordability requirements that are not finely tuned can slow
housing production and lead to increased prices across the housing
spectrum.
•Impacts both market-rate housing and affordable housing.
•Leading national housing research institutions (e.g. Berkeley’s Terner
Center for Housing Innovation and George Mason’s Mercatus Center)
O NE V A L L E Y . O RG/ R E GI O NA L H OU SI NG
Likely Impacts Within Bozeman
•A policy that mandates a high level of affordability without providing subsidies that make it possible
will make most market-rate development in Bozeman financially unfeasible, increasing housing costs
across the board once the current vacancy rate drops.
•If market-rate projects are not financially feasible under WARD's affordability requirements, then the
affordable units that WARD mandates in those projects will not be built.
•At the same time, increased housing costs would likely create increased demand for below-market
housing, making it even harder for below-market housing developers to meet the community’s
affordable housing needs.
O NE V A L L E Y . O RG/ R E GI O NA L H OU SI NG
Likely Impacts Outside of Bozeman
•As WARD would make development in the City of Bozeman
more difficult, development in the county would become more
attractive.
•County infrastructure and services are not designed to accommodate
rapid growth, and piecemeal development would likely lead to
increased sprawl.
•New wells and septic systems can significantly impact the
Gallatin Valley’s water quality and quantity, and increased sprawl
poses a threat to agriculture and wildlife.
Other Policy Tools for
Affordable Housing
O NE V A L L E Y . O RG/ R E GI O NA L H OU SI NG
Tools for Local Governments
•Make publicly-owned land available for below-market housing development. (e.g.
the City of Bozeman’s Fowler project and Gallatin County’s Hidden Creek
development)
•Use incentive programs, like the current Affordable Housing Ordinance, which offers
developers additional building height in exchange for a percentage of below-market
units.
•Allocate additional resources to below-market housing through local government
budgeting.
•Connect public infrastructure investments to affordability requirements, similar to
what was done in Big Sky with their water/sewer district expansion.
O NE V A L L E Y . O RG/ R E GI O NA L H OU SI NG
Tools Via Ballot Measure
•Pass a levy or bond issue to create a new, reliable source of funding for
below-market housing projects.
O NE V A L L E Y . O RG/ R E GI O NA L H OU SI NG
Tools Requiring State-Level Change
•Create a state-level Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) program. Legislation to
create such a program was vetoed by the Governor in 2023, and was tabled in a
legislative committee in 2025.
•Allow communities with high tourism to implement a local-option sales tax and use
the revenue for housing.
•Allocate a portion of existing statewide bed tax or rental vehicle tax revenue to
localized housing funds.
There is no silver bullet, but
deploying a variety of tools can
have a big impact.
Questions?
Mark Bond
One Valley Community Foundation
mark@onevalley.org
406.587.6262
Scan to read the full RHC
WARD Policy Analysis