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HomeMy WebLinkAbout020 Geotech Solvent Site Wtr Main Y t .:..,:. 1 ea ALLIED ENGINEERING SERVICES, INC. February 15, 2001 Rick Hixson, PE City of Bozeman Engineering Department P.O. 1230 Bozeman,MT 59771-1230 RE: Geotechnical Report for City of Bozeman Water Main Extension Bozeman,Montana Dear Mr. Hixson: The attached report describes our geotechnical exploration, analysis and recommendations for the proposed City of Bozeman Water Main Extension. The purpose of the work was to evaluate the subsurface conditions and make geotechnical recommendations for the construction of the water main extension and related activities. We understand the work will entail the construction of approximately 17,000 lineal feet of water main including five borings. The proposed water main extension will serve properties located within the plume of the Bozeman Solvent Site. This area is currently under an order from the Montana Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) to receive connection to an alternate municipal water supply system. The subsurface materials along the proposed alignment generally consist of soft to medium stiff fine-grain flood deposits of silt and clay overlying sand and gravel at depth. In several of the explorations, fill material was encountered overlying the native materials. Groundwater depths ranged substantially across the site, but generally were highest in the vicinity of Campbell Road and Gibson Drive. Groundwater levels in this area were as shallow as 3.25 feet. Based on our explorations, we expect dewatering will be required in areas. This is further discussed in the report. We conducted our explorations along Highway 10, Reeves Road East, Campbell Road, Springhill Road, and Valley Center Road. The deep snow conditions at the time of the explorations made accessing the proposed water main alignment from Mandeville Lane to US 32 Discovery Drive ♦ Bozeman, MT 59718 ♦ (406) 582-0221 ♦ Fax (406) 582-5770 Rick Hinson,PE February 15, 2001 Project:00-091 Highway 10 difficult. HKM Associates performed a detailed soil investigation along this portion of the alignment as part of a sewer improvement project in the late 1980s. We chose to utilize their soil data developed along this portion of the alignment. Generally, their data is in agreement with ours. Sheet G3 of 3 provides a summary of their investigations along this portion of the alignment. We appreciate the opportunity to perform these services. Please call if you have any questions. Sincerely, Allied Engineering Services,Inc. Cra1'`�R. Madson,PE Douglas . Chandler,PhD,PE Geotechnical Engineer Principal Server E:\projects\2000\00-091\Geotechnical\report\00-091 cover.doc Allied Engineering Services,Inc. Page 2 ,NNW 110� ALLIED ENGINEERING SERVICES, INC_ INTRODUCTION In the 1970s a dry cleaning business located in the Buttreys Shopping Center in Bozeman, Montana discharged a chemical known as tetrachloroethylene (PCE) into a leaky sewer collection system. Since that time, PCE has seeped into the groundwater aquifer and traveled downgradient creating a plume of impacted groundwater. The contaminated area and the plume are commonly referred to as the Bozeman Solvent Site. Some of the wells within this area contain PCE levels near or above the level EPA has deemed safe for people to consume. Over the last several years, groundwater monitoring has been conducted through samples taken from selected wells in the plume boundaries. The samples are tested for concentration levels of PCE. If two consecutive samples meet or exceed the method detection limit (MDL) of 0.5 parts per billion (ppb) for tetrachloroethylene (PCE) then the affected properties must be connected to an alternate municipal water supply system under a Montana Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) order. Allied Engineering Services, Inc. was retained in September of 2000 to design a water main to serve properties currently affected by the groundwater contamination and under orders from MDEQ to connect to an alternative water supply. This report provides our geotechnical recommendations for the proposed water main extension. The purpose of the work was to evaluate the subsurface conditions and make geotechnical recommendations for the construction of the water main extension and related activities. Primary issues are cut and fill properties of the native soils and depth to groundwater. Our scope of work consisted of a geologic reconnaissance, drilling of nine exploratory borings to depths of up to 20 feet, reviewing previous geotechnical work performed by HKM, and performing a geotechnical analysis of the data. This report summarizes the work, conclusions, and recommendations. 32 Discovery Drive ♦ Bozeman,MT 59718 ♦ (406)582-0221 ♦ Fax(406) 582-5770 Rick Hinson,PE February 15,2001 Project: 00 091 PROJECT AND SITE DESCRIPTION The area affected by the MDEQ order to receive connection to an alternative municipal water supply is generally described as north of I-90 and south of the East Gallatin River(Fig. 1 —Quad Map). The proposed work will consist of installation of about 17,000 lineal feet of water main and will include five road bores. Generally, the new water main will extend from an existing waterline on Mandeville Lane and continue north to Highway 10. The line will extend west along Highway 10 to Reeves Road East and follow Reeves Road East and Campbell Road, eventually meeting Springhill Road. The waterline will also extend through Bogart Subdivision. A second road bore will be performed under Interstate 90 from Springhill Road extending to Valley Center Road where the new line will connect to a second existing water main. SITE GEOLOGY The site is located on a geologic formation known as the Bozeman fan, which consists of Quaternary-aged alluvium (Qf) made up predominately of alluvial sand and gravel eroded from the Gallatin Range. Figure 2 is the geologic map of the area prepared by Hackett, et al., (1960). At the site, a mantling of fine-grain flood deposits of silt and clay overlie the alluvial sand and gravel. A geologic and hydrogeologic report prepared by Hackett, et al., (1960) indicates that the alluvial fan deposits overlie Tertiary-aged deposits consisting of semi-consolidated silt, sand, and gravel (Tb), which are generally considered "bedrock". The depth to the Tert ary-aged deposits at this site is unknown, but normally ranges from 400 to 800 feet in this area. The Tertiary-aged deposits are underlain by even older Precambrian rock. The depth to the Precambrian basement rock is unknown at this location. GEOTECHNICAL EXPLORATIONS AND TESTING Exploration Borings The site was explored by means of nine borings with a hollow stem auger, the approximate locations of which are shown on Sheets GI and G2. The explorations were conducted on December 71h and December 8`h, 2000 under the direction of Craig Madson, PE. These Allied Engineering Services,Inc. Page 2 Rick Hinson,PE February 15,2001 Project:00-091 explorations were generally conducted along Highway 10 and the Springhill area. We have also incorporated the test pit results from explorations conducted by HKM Associates from Mandeville Lane to Highway 10 performed in conjunction with sewer main improvements in the late 1980s. The results of their explorations through this area are summarized on Sheet G3 enclosed. Snow conditions in December prevented us from obtaining access to the area between Mandeville Lane and US Highway 10 without extreme and expensive effort. The explorations were performed using a Mobile B-61 exploratory rig operated by O'Keefe Drilling of Butte, Montana under the direction of Mr. Madson. The boreholes were as deep as 20 feet in depth. Soil relative densities presented in the borehole logs were estimated based upon standard blow counts and difficulty or ease of auger advancement. BH-3 was eliminated due to inaccessibility to the site of the planned boring. Standard penetration tests were performed as indicated in the boring logs to obtain samples and penetration resistance (N-values) of the subsurface materials. The Standard Penetration test consists of driving a 1-3/8-inch I.D. split-spoon sampler a distance of 18 inches into the bottom of a borehole using a 140-pound hammer falling 30 inches. The number of blows required to drive the samples each of three six inch increments is recorded, with the number of blows required to drive the last 12 inches recorded as the Uncorrected Standard Penetration Resistance (N-value). This value is normally used as an indicator of the relative density or consistency of a given soil. Laboratory Testing In order to determine the engineering properties of the soils encountered, laboratory testing was conducted on representative samples taken from the exploration bore holes. The tests were conducted in accordance with the appropriate ASTM test procedure. The samples tested are identified by the borehole from which the sample was taken, as well as the depth at which the sample was taken. Testing included natural moisture content testing for all samples; compaction tests for the native soils; liquid and plastic limits for the fine-grain soils; and percent passing the #200 sieve. The laboratory testing results are included in Appendix A at the end of this report. Allied Engineering Services,Inc. Page 3 Rick Hixson,PE Project: 00-091 February 15,2001 Subsurface Conditions The subsurface conditions encountered and location of each exploration is provided on Sheets G1 through G3. An overall summary of the conditions encountered is provided below. Fill: Fill material consisting of a mixture of silt, clay, and gravel was encountered in several of the explorations as shown on the logs. Generally, fill depths were four feet or less in all of the explorations. Topsoil: Up to two feet of silty CLAY topsoil was encountered in several of the borings. In some instances, the topsoil was found underlying the fill material. Generally this material was moist to wet. SILT and CLAY: Soft to medium stiff, fine-grain floodplain deposits of SILT and CLAY were often encountered underlying the topsoil. These materials were generally moist to wet. Blow counts were as low as 2 - 4 in this material. HKM performed a direct shear test of this material, and found the friction angle to be approximately 24 degrees. The maximum dry density and optimum moisture content of this material as determined by ASTM D-698 (Standard Proctor) were 107 pcf and 16 percent,respectively. Medium Dense to Very Dense native Gravels: Native gravels were encountered in all the explorations at depths ranging from the ground surface down to depths as great as 11 feet. In most instances, gravel was encountered within about six feet of the ground-surface. This material is an alluvial deposit with rounded gravel and cobbles up to about eight inches in diameter. Generally, the upper material consisted of a transition zone of silty sandy GRAVEL and was less dense than the clean sand and gravels at depth. Groundwater Groundwater was encountered in the majority of the explorations. Depths to groundwater ranged from about 3.25 to as great as 11.7 feet. Generally, the highest groundwater conditions were encountered along Campbell Road in the vicinity of Kean Drive and Gibson Drive, however, depending on water main depths and the time of the year in which the work is performed, dewatering may be required at several other points along the proposed alignment. Allied Engineering Services,Inc. Page 4 Rick Hixson,PE February 15,2001 Project: 00-091 Groundwater levels in the Bozeman fan fluctuate seasonally. Based on observations of monitoring wells installed on the Bozeman fan during other projects, groundwater levels are typically highest during the irrigation season (July, August, and early September), but can also rise in the spring during significant extended wet periods or snow melts. This same trend of seasonal fluctuations is consistent with the monitoring well data provided by Hackett et al., (1960). By this trend, the water levels observed during the explorations conducted in December are probably representative of the lowest levels. GEOTECHNICAL ANALYSIS Overview Geotechnical analyses were performed to evaluate the suitability of the native soils to support water thrust forces at bends using conventional thrust blocks and mega-lugs with joint restraint. Based on previous experience, MPWSS assumes fairly conservative allowable bearing pressures of native soils in providing thrust block sizes. However, in weak clays and silts similar to those found in areas at this site, the assumptions of MPWSS can be unconservative resulting in undersized thrust blocks or inadequate joint restraint. Undersized thrust blocks or inadequate joint restraint in conjunction with the use of mega-lugs can lead to joint separation. Below is an overview of our analysis and assumptions made as well as our recommendations. Joint Restraint at Bends Along a relatively large portion of the proposed alignment, standard bury depths of the water main at 6.5 feet will likely place the excavation in dense native gravels that will support water thrust with standard thrust blocks or mega-lugs with standard joint restraint. However, in the area between TP #101 and TP #102, and in the vicinities of BH-1,BH-4, and BH-8, there may be areas where the excavation ends in soft deposits of silt and clay. Assuming a friction angle of 24 degrees for this material based on direct shear testing performed by HKM, the allowable soil bearing of this material at the water line depth is about 1027 psf with a factor of safety of 1.5. At test pressures of 195 pounds per square inch (psi), the calculated bearing pressure at bends could be as great as 1500 psf assuming conventional thrust blocks sized in accordance with MPWSS. Allied Engineering Services,Inc. Page 5 Rick Hixson,PE February 15,2001 Project:00-091 Based on the above,we make the following recommendations: ❖ If concrete thrust blocking is to be used, the bearing area of any thrust block that will be founded in the soft native silts and clays should be two times that recommended in MPWSS. If the concrete thrust block is to be founded in the native dense gravels, the thrust block size recommended in MPWSS may be used. ❖ If mega-lugs are to be used for restraint, the following criteria should be followed for horizontal bends at standard water line depth(i.e. 6.5 feet of cover). 90 degree bends should be restrained for a length of 28 feet 45 degree bends should be restrained for a length of 11 feet 22.5 degree bends should be restrained for a length of 6 feet ❖ If mega-lugs are to be used for restraint in vertical bends, we should evaluate each on a case-by-case basis since the vertical drop distance will affect the length of restraint required. CONSTRUCTION Suitability of Native Soil for Backfill Based on the explorations, utility trench subgrades will likely range from moist to wet silt and clay to moist to wet sand and gravel. The moisture content will, to a large extent, affect the suitability of this material as trench backfill. Under roads and paved areas, we recommend backfill be compacted to 95 percent of ASTM D-698. In these areas, backfill will need to be within +/- two percent of its optimum moisture content in order to compact to the above indicated standard. This will exclude quite a bit of backfill from reuse due to high moisture contents. Where compaction is less important such as under landscaped or cultivated areas, backfill shall be compacted to 90 percent of ASTM D-698. In these areas, moisture content standards may be relaxed somewhat due to the lower compaction requirements. Some judgment will be required to evaluate the suitability of a particular material for backfill. The above provided compaction requirements are consistent with MPWSS. Allied Engineering Services,Inc. Page 6 Rick Hutson,PE Project: 00-091 February 15,2001 The native gravels contained a substantial amount of cobbles. In order to protect water mains from damage, four inches of Type I bedding as defined by the Montana Public Works Standard Specifications (MPWSS) should be placed under the pipe to a point six inches over the top of the pipe. In soft or unstable soils, Type R pipe bedding may be required under the pipe in order to provide adequate support. If such is the case,we recommend over-excavation a minimum of one foot and replacement with suitable Type H pipe bedding. Some of the native gravels may be suitable for reuse as Type II pipe bedding provided the moisture content is near optimum. Type H pipe bedding should be compacted to 95 percent of ASTM D-698. Dewatering As indicated earlier, dewatering will likely be required along some areas of the proposed alignment. The extent of the dewatering required will vary depending on the time of year in which the work is performed. Some thought will need to be given to the discharge of contaminated groundwater. We understand from DEQ contaminated groundwater may be land applied back to the same aquifer without a permit. However, a permit issued by DEQ is required if the water is to be discharged to state surface waters. We recommend the Contractor contact the Department of Environmental Quality concerning appropriate dewatering practices prior to construction. LIMITATIONS In our opinion, the most likely damages from geotechnical-related problems in this area are with regard to the potential for post construction settlement of inadequately compacted backfill materials or improperly constructed thrust restraints in the soft soil areas. To minimize these potential problems, we recommend that we be retained for the duration of the project to observe excavation, backfill placement, and thrust blocking to assure the conditions encountered are as expected and our recommendations are being followed. The conclusions and recommendations presented in this report assume that site conditions are not substantially different than those exposed by the explorations. If during construction, subsurface conditions different from those encountered in the explorations are observed or appear to be present, we should be advised at once such that we may review those conditions and reconsider our recommendations where necessary. Allied Engineering Services,Inc. Page 7 Rick Hixson,PE February 15,2001 Project:00-091 This report was prepared for the use of the City of Bozeman in the planning of the water main extension. It should be made available to prospective contractors or the contractor for information on factual data only and not as a warranty of subsurface conditions, such as those interpreted from the exploration logs and discussion of subsurface conditions. We appreciate the opportunity to perform these services. Please call if you have any questions. Sincerely, Allied Engineering Services,Inc. t t ` Cra adson, PE Douglas S. Chandler, PE, PhD Geotec leal Engineer Principal Geotechnical Engineer enc: Figure 1 —Vicinity Map Figure 2—Geologic Map Sheet G1 —G3 Exploration Logs and Location Map Important Information About Your Geotechnical Report Appendices Appendix A—Laboratory Testing Results Appendix B—Joint Restraint Analysis \ l ° CRAIG R. MADSDN - ° p11605 P eLU �,•�f�ENg�ca,' �C Allied Engineering Services,Inc. Page 8 Rick Hixson,PE Project: 00-091 February 15,2001 REFERENCES Hackett, O.M., Visher, F.N., McMurtrey, R.G., and Steinhilber, W.L. (1960), "Geology and Ground-Water Resources of the Gallatin Valley, Gallatin County, Montana", U.S. Geologic Survey Water-Supply Paper 1482,United States Government Printing Office, Washington I .C. Server E:\projects\2000\00-091\geotecbnical\report\00-09Ireport.doc Allied Engineering Services,Inc. Page 9 ,♦ t % � I 4f54PA t, 905; a_•t 763 }� f 2-268 \ } �� % 9�l 4651A( V 9662T i \� - I_tE 1 + -- jfl t � 35 Bt3Z SEi1 E �`j 47 Grade :• Ors✓�`,1 'f � ���.. i 1 f' 1 • ' 9728T i I f --- 1 1 47ZS T k ` - t t I .. � 1 \ � • i � • • f J, \t • • i 1 t i �- 'i 1 t2 17, `: _' i (� I Tra,j/CPI. t I--'�_ •• \ �:y/l_ si �x 0 2000 4000 6000 USGS QUAD: BOZEMAN, MONTANA CONTOUR INTERVAL: 20 FEET SCALE: 1 INCH = 2000 FEET COB WATER MAIN EXT., SOLV. SITE FIGURE 1 jV Civil Engineering 101 E-MAIN,SUITE A BOZEMAN,MT 59715 DRAWN BY: PJS VICIl�TI�'�' A� ALLIED Lana surveying PHONE(406)582-0221 DATE: 11/21/2000 BOZEMAN, MONTA.NA ENGINEERING Geotechnical Engineering FAX(406)582-5770 PROJECT t 00-091 Fig 1-Stream Permt ti it a,F"� �:'"i 4S♦ E�px� ��§ -,: "i' sTs a r�.��• s t s eat. . *. t !°} {� -` ti! �`ar :,y�' ''� r'•'w�p �"'`g - ,�� `'�9� k�«� �t�€ .«.".."-p fix,,.' "E'�,: t +q #'w'F"'. ",.` � • �W _r'� �• NIVII sv ,ter XI `• : "_ .: {�� _ •.. ., .} ,�$j �$aa�_.*..,...�s�+'' .r... ,.,�Z-x.... ,- �_ .•. .....s r........a ..,.....,.;�. at x' s °o j 2 } x .t 1 x 40 tv e• k � W x> P JECT SITE a .;, Q f �. NO of � ^'y@F. �� ``s_� �y J `�• #�^y' .,� ;�. Qf = Iluvium - P�edominately'alluval fan cleposis ., l 0 2000 4000 6000 Base Map from Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 1482 by Hackett, et. al., (1960) SCALE: 1 INCH =2000 FEET PROJECT ENGINEER: DSC _ ///,_ DESIGNED BY: CRM COB Water .Main '•��1--�?"x'to / � Civil Engineering 32 DISCOVERY DRIVE FIGURE 2 L� Land Surve n BOZEMAN,MT 59718 DRAWN BY:CRM Ge®l® � � ALLIED �' g PHONE(406)592-0221 PROJECT*: 00-091 Geotechnical Engineering FAX(406)582-5770 REVIEWEDBY: DSC Bozeman,Montana ENGINEERING DATE: 2/2001 sersv�ces.1 - FIGURE2.DWG tt gt.+'{16 stY.s { I NOTE: BORE HOLE LOCATIONS ARE APPROXIMATE. 1i x r BH-1 BH-2 BH-4 BH-5 Other Other Other Other C u n o= m., (Sample g 3 ai o= @-, (Sample " = t:a (Sample s' " m o= E-. (Sample z o MATERIAL DESCRIPTIONS m _ 2 2 character, t o MATERIAL DESCRIPTIONS e b character, MATERIAL DESCRIPTIONS S m character, z o MATERIAL DESCRIPTIONS _ m character, c m o E o 'o c Laboratory o io o ry =0 8 o Laboratory o 0 o E 8 0 0 o Laboratory c ii o E o 0 o Laboratory o t5-u m z m `f 0 Testing,etc.) G -+ rn z E f 0 Testing,etc.) o t7 h z m O TesOng,etc. c u 3 m z a 20 Testing,eta) 2 inches of silty CLAY topsoil,moist(in zen) Medium stiff,dark brown,silty CLAY Very soft,brown,lean CLAY,very moist(fill) moist,appears to be some organics Dense,dark brown,silly sandy GRAVEL, in upper 1' S-1 25% moist(Till) Sack S-1 25% -- G.W.at 3.25'on 12/07100 Sack T Very kxrse,brown,silty SAND,wet(fill) _ 2 22% 5.0 - S-2 - 5.0 ,-• 5.0 S-1 4 25% 5.0 SSS 15 27% Sand=9.5% S-1 So+ --- S� -I- 52% Stiff,dark brown,lean CLAY,moist to wet SSS for 5% _ Very sob,dark brown/black organic silty Fines=90.5% S-3 26% Max.7Sd=107 pcf 4' __ Soft,tan,lean CLAY,moist to very mast Sand=90.% ° CLAY,wet native G.W.at 6.75'on 12(08/00 Sack Opt.MC=16% -- fines=90.5% ( ) S-2 22% .L=39 _ SackP.I.=18.3 1 ""_ --- ax.7Sd-107 pcF Medium dense,brown,sandy GRAVEL,wet o Dense to very dense,brown,silty SAND with pt.MC=16% T S-3 NA 10% gmvei grading to silty sandy GRAVEL a[depth, -- gS5 moist to wet so 10.0 - S-4 50+ 10.0 ° -� 10.0 == 5-3 or for 14% 50+ SSS 19� SSS 5- S-2 for 14% Dense,brown,sandy GRAVEL,slightly moist to � 4- SSS 5• moist G.W.at 11.T on 12/07/00 S /00 5% maybe just touching groundwater-12/07 Sack Max.ild=135 pd - Opt.MC=9% Very dense,brown,sandy GRAVEL with -T- - 15.0 sand lense at about 155to 16.6,wet S-5 15.0 S 12% SSS64 5% i i e d S o 50+ 20.0 for 17% 20.0 S-5 for 17% i SSS 5- SSS 3- i NO. REVISIONS DRAWN BY DATE 0 300 600 900 PROJECT t 00-091 SHEET y COB WATER MAIN EXTENSION � Civil Engineering DATE: 02/2001 32 DISCOVERY DRIVE /f-Y n 3 oewR G1 OF SCALE: 1 INCH - 600 FEET * BORE HOLE LOGS AND LOCATION MAC ALLIED Land Surveying PHONE(N,MT592217 18 BL LOCATION MATER ^ �- ALLIED eeoNE(ao6>ssz-ozzl COB WATER MAIN EXT. PROJECT ENGINEER: SRS DRAWN BY: LJG _:�'h Geotechnical Engineering FAX(406)582-5770 ��' �j>®�Ej�/j��3�/j��TT��� ENGINEERING BORE LOG LOCATION MAP DESIGNED BY: CRM REVIEWED BY: TLT, SRS, CRM ` 147/, NOTE: IMBORE HOLE LOCATIONS r _ co ARE APPROXIMATE BH-6 - - Other k u u r (Sample oMATERIAL MAT RIAL DESCRIPTIONS Character, 3, E La o o boratory m N.,� �,r `�, � o 0, m z m 20 Testing,etc.) _ F �t Medium,brown,silty SAND w/gravel, moist to very moist(fill) Soft,brown,sandy SILT,moist Medium dense,brown,silty SAND with gravel, T very moist to wet S-122 4 0 G.W.atNon 12/07/00 SSS r Medium dense,black,SAND with gravel,wet LEY 10.0 SSS 29 lilts 9bG BH-7 BH-8 BH-9 BH-10 Other Other Other Other o e; c ? (Sample Z o c'r -- (Sample r u o c m (Sample s, y m t x i.. (sample 6 MATERIAL DESCRIPTIONS — character, o MATERIAL DESCRIPTIONS �g` Character, S o MATERIAL DESCRIPTIONS �» �m character, 5 o MATERIAL DESCRIPTIONS a �% 6 Character, m °mo m '—c o c Laboratory °a o 0 o Laboratory m o a E —o 'o o Laboratory E �,o c c Laboratory o O.°u m z m f 0 Testng,eta) e H z m f O Testing.eta) o O-°+ mm z m E O Testing,etc.) o t7 y z mE O Testi ng,etc.) Medium dense,brown,silty sandy Medium stiff,black,silty CLAY,topsoil,moist Soft,dark brown,silty CLAY,topsoil GRAVEL(fill),moist very moist(topsoil) GRAVEL(fill) Black,silty CLAY,topsoil,very mast Medium stiff,dark brown,silty CLAY with S-1 20% -- =Soft to medium stiff,brown,sandy lean Medium stiff,light brown/brown,silty CLAY, organics,moist SSS _--- __ CLAY and sandy SILT,(native)very moist —" _ slightly mist IS— to wet _ Sand=3.5% G.W.at 4.2'on 12/07/00 Medium stiff,brown,lean CLAY, Fines=96.5% —�- T mast to very moist S 6 26% .L=41 T _C Medium stiff to stiff,brown,sandy SILT,moist S-2 5.0 S-1 5.0 --- SSS 24% P.I.=19.5 5.0 •` S 1 74 5.0 = SSS 15 21 SSS 17 12% -.6d=107 pcf SSS for J— L S-2 pt.MC=16% f0' Sack --� - Very dense,brown,sandy GRAVEL,and silty Medium dense,brown,sandy GRAVEL,wet sandy GRAVEL with cobbles,slightly moist to wet Very dense,gray,sandy GRAVEL, slightly mist 50 G.W.at 9'on 12/07/00 T s=3 for 2% — T so, S-2 SSS 3' - T S-3 for 14% 10.0 _. 52 12% 10.0 S-2 10.0 SSS SSS rock 52 f0% 5 SSS G.W.at 10.5'on 12/07/00 � i Dense to very dense,brown,silty sandy — GRAVEL,moist to wet S-4 SSS 76 _ i i 3 T 50 S-5 for 12% SSS 5. NO. REVISIONS DRAWN BY DATE 0 300 600 900 _ PROJECT* 00-091 SHEET N COB WATER ER MAIN EXTENSION Civil Engineering 32 DISCOVERY DRIVE DATE: 02/2001 '��11 'yy SCALE: 1 INCH = 600 FEET aeosoa LZ Land S rveying ROZEMAN,MT59718 BL LOCATION MAP.DWG G2 OF .11 BORE HOLE LOGS AND LOCATION MAP ALLIED PHONE(406)582-0221 �i;' Geotechnical Engineering FAX(4oa)582-577o COB WATER MAIN EXT. PROJECT ENGINEER:CRM: SIRS DRAWN BY: LJG =t�4 o BOZEMAN,MONTANA ENGINEERING BORE' LOCI LOCATION:yIAI� DESIGNED BY: CRM REVIEWED BY: TIT, SRS, CRM NOTES: TEST PIT LOCATIONS ARE APPROXIMATE LOGS OF TP#101 TO TP#105 ARE REPRODUCED DIRECTLY FROM EXPLORATIONS PERFORMED BY HKM ASSOCIATES IN 1988 FOR SANITARY SEWER IMPROVEMENTS, BOZEMAN,MONTANA r TP#104 Other a »m Character, g o t c (Sample a o MATERIAL DESCRIPTIONS a 0 3 Lobo ratory r y , r.o ` c O vi z m s°cot Testing, tc.) TOPSOIL;with organic matter SILT;ML;slightly moist,firm. light yellow brown,salt abundant e WELL GRADED GRAVEL WITH SAND;GW;moist, , 1 c brown, ACK 3.0% Cobbles>3"diameter=10% ompact,dark W; a Gravel=3%rounded cobbles 6"diameter 6 h Sand=26.% 3% . T Silt and Clay=1.7% w ; V POORLY GRADED GRAVEL WITH SILT AND SAND;GP-GM; very moist-wet,compact, v.. .. t«.. light yellow brown.3%rounded s cobbles,6"diameter, 10.0 occasional B"rFameter TP#101 TP#102 TP#103 TP#105 Other Other Other Other ffi u .. (Sample s o e .• (Sample r u o B„ (Sample : `x B„ (Sample p `m Character, r o MATERIAL DESCRIPTIONS n m o character, _o a m character, o �' character, s MATERIAL DESCRIPTIONS a ; -„ MATERIAL DESCRIPTIONS a s MATERIAL DESCRIPTIONS a ; a o m e o o`o Laboratory m o o m o m C Laboratory m Y o m o e c Laboratory a °m$ a. o c Laboratory o t7 w z m f V Testing,eta) o O-r w z m f o Testing,eta) o O-+ w z m f 0 Testing,eta.) o O rn z F. f c> Tasting,etc.) TOPSOIL:with organic matter ;;: TOPSOIL TOPSOIL;with organic matter � TOPSOIL;with organic matter -- _, POORLY GRADED GRAVEL WITH SILT AND SAND;GP-GM; mast,compact-dense,light yellow - WELL GRADED GRAVEL WITH brown,4%rounded boulders 3"•12" SAND;GW;moist,compact -- diameter dark yellow brown, '"— SILT;ML;slightly moist to very moist, Sack 25% Sand=10% 4%rounded cobbles 6"-8" a -- Sift and Clay=90% SACK 10% Gravel=73% - in diameter ' soft-firm,light yellow brown,increasing —� L.L=29 Sand=21.2% 5.0 — moisture with depth.No salts present. SA 22% Direct shear 5.0 -• SILT;ML;slightly moist(1.0-4.0), 5.0 5.0 P.1.=5 Silt and Clay=5.8% _= Roots at four feet on Shelby tube —� moist(4.0-9.5),very mast(9.5-11.0), Max.]f d=107.1 pct L.L.=31 - -- sample firm to soft,light brown,no salt present -- _= Opt.MC=17.3% P.I.=8 0=24° C=0 — Sulfate content=<0.01% < __ _ POORLY GRADED GRAVEL WITH Dry unit wt. =95 2 SILT AND SAND;GP-GM; POORLY GRADED GRAVEL WITH wet-saturated,compact-dense, SILT AND SAND; o light yellow brown,4%rounded a very mast-saturated,compact SACK 10% Minimum Electrical i —� Resistivity=4320 boulders 3"-12"diameter, light yellow brown,3%cobbles WELL GRADED GRAVEL WITH SAND;GW; OHM-CM 3 very moist to wet,compact,dark brown, Iron staining at 10.0 8"in diameter, perforation of Years to— p B 3%cobbles 5"in diameter G.W.6/24/88 16 gage metal>_39 10.0 t 10.0 _= 10.0 10.0 om - -- G.W.6/24188 G.W.6/24168 WELL GRADED GRAVEL WITH SAND;GW; wet to saturated,compact-dense,dark brown i N0. REVISIONS DRAWN BY DATE 0 300 600 900 ,* SHEET PROJECT 00-091 COB WATER MAIN EXTENSION ,,� Civil Engineering 32 DISCOVERY DRIVE DATE: 02/2001 ar.o R OF �� 130ZEMAN,MT 59718 BL LOCATION MAP.DWG �J1 SCALE: 1 INCH soo FEET _�a TEST PIT LOGS AND LOCATION MAP Land Surveying BOZEMAN. SOLVENT SITE ALLIED PHONE(406)-57 0221 PROJECT ENGINEER: SRS DRAWN BY: LJG - -'- �` Geotechnical Engineering FAX(406)582-5770 `'ina,a' $���,��,� MflI�T I'AI®TA ENGINEERING BORE LOG LOCATION MAP DESIGNED BY: CRM RENEWED BY: TILT, SRS 1 sEa ... rNc. r ALLIED ENGINEERING SERVICES, IN(--_ Important Information about your Geotechnical Report CONSULTING SERVICES ARE PERFORMED FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES AND FOR SPECIFIC CLIENTS Consultants prepare reports to meet the specific needs of specific individuals. A report prepared for a civil engineer may not be adequate for a construction contractor or even another civil engineer. Unless indicated otherwise,your consultant prepared your report expressly for you and expressly for the purposes you indicated. No one other than you should apply this report for its intended purpose without first conferring with the consultant. No party should apply this report for any purpose other than that originally contemplated without first conferring with the consultant. THE CONSULTANT'S REPORT IS BASED ON PROJECT-SPECIFIC FACTORS. A geotechnical report is based on a subsurface exploration plan designed to consider a unique set of project-specific factors. Depending on the project,these may include:the general nature of the structure and property involved;its size and configuration; its historical use and practice;the location of the structure on the site and its orientation; other improvements such as access roads,parking lots,and underground utilities;and the additional risk created by scope-of-service limitations imposed by the client. To help avoid costly problems,ask the consultant to evaluate how any factors that change subsequent to the date of the report may affect the recommendations. Unless your consultant indicates otherwise,your report should not be used: 1)when the nature of the proposed project is changed (for example,if an office building will be erected instead of a parking garage,of if a refrigerated warehouse will be built instead of an unrefrigerated one,or chemicals are discovered on or near the site);2)when the size,elevation, or configuration of the proposed project is altered;3)when the location or orientation of the proposed project is modified;4)when there is a change of ownership;or 5)for application to an adjacent site. Consultants cannot accept responsibility for problems that may occur if they are not consulted after factors,which were considered in the development of the report,have changed. SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS CAN CHANGE Subsurface conditions may be affected as a result of natural processes or human activity. Because a geotechnical report is based on conditions that existed at the time of subsurface exploration;construction decisions should not be based on a report whose adequacy may have been affected by time. Ask the consultant to advise if additional tests are desirable before construction starts;for example,groundwater conditions commonly vary seasonally and nearby cuts or fills can affect the stability of sloping terrain. Construction operations at or adjacent to the site and natural events such as floods,earthquakes,or groundwater fluctuations may also affect subsurface conditions and,thus,the continuing adequacy of a geotechnical report. The consultant should be kept apprised of any such events,and should be consulted to determine if additional tests are necessary. MOST RECOMMENDATIONS ARE PROFESSIONAL JUDGEMENTS. Site exploration and testing identifies actual surface and subsurface conditions only at those points where samples are take.The data was extrapolated by your consultant,who then applied judgment to render an opinion about over- all subsurface conditions. The actual interface between materials may be far more gradual or abrupt than your report indicates. Actual conditions in areas not sampled may differ from those predicted in your report. While nothing can be done to prevent such situations,you and your consultant can work together to help reduce their impacts. Retaining your consultant to observe subsurface construction operations can be particularly beneficial in this respect. City of Bozeman Water Main Extension Projects:00-091 February 16,2001 A REPORT'S CONCLUSIONS ARE PRELIMINARY. The conclusions contained in your consultant's report are preliminary because they must by based on the assumption that conditions revealed through selective exploratory sampling are indicative of actual conditions throughout a site. A more complete view of subsurface conditions is often revealed during earthwork;therefore,you should retain your consultant to observe earthwork and to provide revised recommendations if necessary. Only the consultant who prepared the report if fully familiar with the background information needed to determine whether or not the report's recommendations based on those conclusions are valid and whether or not the contractor is abiding by applicable recommendations. The consultant who developed your report cannot assume responsibility to liability for the adequacy of the report's recommendations if another party is retained to observe construction. THE CONSULTANT'S REPORT IS SUBJECT TO MISINTERPRETATION. Costly problems can occur when other design professionals develop their plans based on misinterpretation of a geotechnical report. To help avoid these problems,the consultant should be retained to work with other project design professionals to explain relevant geotechnical,geological,and hydrogeological findings and to review the adequacy of their plans and specifications relative to these issues. BORING LOGS AND/OR MONITORING WELL DATA SHOULD NOT BE SEPARATED FROM THE REPORT. Final boring logs developed by the consultant are based upon interpretation of field logs(assembled by site personneI),field test results,and laboratory and/or office evaluation of field samples and data. Only final boring logs and data are customarily included in geotechnical/environmental reports. These final logs should not,under any circumstances,be redrawn for inclusion in Architectural or other design drawings,because drafters may commit errors or omissions in the transfer process. To reduce the likelihood of boring log or monitoring well misinterpretation,contractors should be given ready access to the complete geotechnical report prepared or authorized for their use. If access is provided only to the report prepared for you,you should advise contractors of the report's limitations,assuming that a contractor was not one of the specific persons for whom the report was prepared,and that developing construction cost estimates was not one of the specific purposes for which it was prepared. While a contractor may gain important knowledge from a report prepared for another party,the contractor should discuss the report with your consultant and perform the additional or alternative work believed necessary to obtain the data specifically appropriate for construction cost estimating purposes. Some clients hold the mistaken impression that simply disclaiming responsibility for the accuracy of subsurface information always insulates them from attendant liability.Providing the best available information to contractors helps prevent costly construction problems and the adversarial attitudes that aggravate them to a disproportionate scale. READ RESPONSIBILITY CLAUSES CLOSELY. Because geotechnical engineering is based extensively on judgment and opinion,it is far less exact than other design disciplines. This situation has resulted in wholly unwarranted claims being lodged against consultants. To help prevent this problem consultants have developed a number of clauses for use in their contracts,reports and other documents. These responsibility clauses are not exculpatory clauses designed to transfer the consultant's liabilities to other parties;rather,they are defmition clauses that identify where the consultant's responsibilities begin and end. Their use helps all parties involved recognize their individual responsibilities and take appropriate action. Some of these definitive clauses are likely to appear in your report,and you are encouraged to read them closely. Your consultant will be pleased to give full and frank answers to your questions. The preceding paragraphs are based on information provided by the ASFE Association of Engineering Firms practicing in the Geosciences, Silver Spring,Maryland Allied Engineering Services,Inc. Page 2 9 .j f 'P-Nm ALLIED ENGINEERING SERVICES, INC. LOGS OF EXPLORATIONS EXPLANATION OF ABBREVIATIONS AND DESCRIPTIVE TERMS SSS Standard penetration resistance test--results recorded as the number of blows of a 140- pound hammer falling 30 inches required to drive a 2-inch O.D. split sample spoon the second and third 6-inch increments of an 18-inch distance. LSS Modified penetration test--results recorded as the number of blows of a 140-pound hammer falling 30 inches required to drive a 2.5-inch O.D. split spoon the second and third 6-inch increments of an 18-inch distance. SRS Split barrel ring sampler 2-inches I.D. for taking undisturbed samples. LRS Split barrel ring sampler 2.5-inches I.D.for taking undisturbed samples. STS Shelby tube sampler for taking undisturbed samples(2"to 3-5/16"I.D.). Sack Sample of disturbed soil placed in canvas sack or plastic bag. GWL Groundwater level on the date shown on the logs. RQD Rock quality designation(RQD)for the bedrock samples are determined for each core run by surmising the length of all sound,hard pieces of core over four inches in length, and dividing this number by the total length of the core run. This value, along with the core recovery percentage,is recorded on the drill logs. LL U.S.Standard Series Sieve Clear Square Sieve Openings 200 40 10 4 3/4" 3" 12" Silts&Clays SAND GRAVEL Cobbles Boulders Distinguished on Basis of Fine Medium Coarse Fine Coarse Plasticity CONSISTENCY RELATIVE DENSITY Clays&Silts SPT* Sands&Gravels SPT* Blows/foot Blows/foot Very Soft 0-2 Very Loose 0-4 Soft 2-4 Loose 5-10 Medium Stiff 4-8 Medium 11-30 Stiff 8-15 Dense 31-50 Very Stiff 15-30 Very Dense Over 50 Hard Over 30 *Standard Penetration Test;PL=Plastic Limit;LL=Liquid Limit APPENDICES ES APPENDIX A Laboratory ory Testing Results MOISTURE CONTENT DETERMINATION (ASTM D-2216) `ilJ Project: North 19th Water Main Extension ALLIED Project Number: 00 091 Date sampled: 1129E00 ENGINEERING Date Tested: 1/28/01 SERVICES, INC. Sample Identification: S-1 S 2 S-3 S-4 S-5 S-6 8-1 S-2 S-3 S-4 Test Pit Designation BH-1 BH-1 BH-1 BH-1 BH-1 BH-1 131-1-2 BH-2 BH-2 BH-2 Depth (feet) 3-4 4.5-6 6-8.5 915-11 14.5-16 19.5-21 5-6.5 10-11.5 10-15 15 Container Number: A BH-1 C D E F G H I J Weight of Container: 32.14 31.81 31.90 31.85 32.55 31.86 31.91 31.75 32.01 31.86 Container+Wet Soil: 94.37 92.99 77.19 06.46 110.24 91.12 65.38 95.28 86.98 96.32 Container+ Dry Soil: 81.83 79..94 67.74 87.63 101.79 82.59 63.42 87.66 84.32 93.40 Weight of Water: 12.54 13.05 9.45 7.83 8.45 8.53 1.96 7.62 2.66 2.92 Weight of Dry Soil: 49.69 48.13 35.84 55.78 69.24 50.73 31.51 55.91 52.31 61.54 Water Content: 1 25.2%1 27.1% 26.4% 14.0% 12.2%1 16.8%1 6.2% 13.6%1 5.17/7 1 4.7% Sample Identification: S-5 S-1 S-2 S-3 . S-1 S-2A S-213 S-3 S-1 S-2 Test Pit Designation BH-2 BH-4 BH-4 BH-4 BH-5 BH-5 BH-5 131-1-5 BH-6 BH-6 Depth (feet) 19.8-21.3 4.3-5.8 7-9 9.6-11.1 2-3 3.8-5.3 3.8-5.3 8-9.5 4.2-5.7 9.2-10.7 Container Number: K L: JJ KK LL. MM FF NN 04 PP Weight of Container: 32.14 32.15 31.02 31.28 31.21 31.15 49.51 30.93 31.16 30.95 Container+Wet Soil: 89.62 71.14 82.55 101.18 86.06 97.99 90.13 67.29 87.00 114.89 Container+ Dry Soil: 81.11 63.37 73.19 90.04 75.18 85.92 76.26 63.96 76.17 103.41 Weight of Water: 8.51 7.77 9.36 11.14 10.88 12.07 13.87 3.33 10.83 11.48 Weight of Dry Soil: 48.97 31.22 42.17 58.76 43.97 54.77 26.75 33.03 45.01 72.46 Water Content: 17.4% 24.97/0 22.2% 19.07/6 24.7% 22.0% 51.9% 10.1%1 24.1% 15.8% MOISTURE CONTENT DETERMINATION (ASTM - 16) Project: North 19th Water Main Extension ALLIED Project Number: 00-091 Date Tested: 1 v29 o0 ENGINEERING Date ested. /28/01 SERVICES, INC. Sample Identification: 8-1 S-2 S-1 S-2 S-3 S-2 S-1 S-2 S-3 S-5 Test Pit Designation BH-7 BH-7 BH-8 BH-8 BH-8 BH-9 SH-10 BH-10 BH-10 BH-10 Depth (feet) 4.5-6 9.2-10.7 4.4-5.9 5 9.2-10 9.5-11 2-3 4-5.5 9-10.5 18.8-20.3 Container Number: QQ RR SS TT uu AA BB CG DO EE Weight of Container: 31.30 31.31 31.10 30.97 31.92 48.97 48.40 49.82 48.87 49.00 Container+Wet Soil: 101.70 106.00 77.62 100.42 69.33 132.35 106.15 108.03 115.79 `114.70 Container+ Dry Soil: 94.29 98.22 68.14 86.80 68.76 124.93 95.78 97.99 107.81 107.76 Weight of Water: 7.41 7.78 9.48 13.62 0.57 7.42 9.37 10.04 7.98 6.94 Wei ht of Dry Soil: 62.99 66.91 37.04 55.83 36.84 75.96 47.38 48.17 58.94 58.76 Water Content: 11.8%1 11.6%1 25.6% 24.4% 1.5% 9.8% 19.8% 20.8% 13.5%1 11.8% Sample Identification: Test Pit Designation Depth (feet) Container Number: Weight of Container: Container+Wet Soil Container+ Dry Soil Weight of Water: Weight of Dry Soil Water Content: f.. % Passing #200 Sieve (ASTM D 1140) Project: N. 19th Water main Extension ALLIED Project Number: 00-091 Date Sampled: 12/712000 ENGINEERING Date Tested:2/10/01 SERVICES, I N C_ Borehole Designation BH-8 BH-4, BH-1 Depth 5' Container Number: 11 12 Weight of Container: 477.40 476.70 Container+Wet Soil: 682.60 694.60 Container+ Dry Soil: 643.20 654.00 Weight of#200 Sieve 477.E 476.6 Sieve + Dry Soil After Wash 483.4 493.5 Weight of Water: 39.40 40.60 Weight of Dry Soil: 165.80 177.30 Water Content: 23.8% 22.9% Dry Soil After Wash 5.8 16.9 Soil Passing#200 Sieve 160 160.4 Passing #200 Sieve 1 96.5%1 90.5% Compaction Test Results - Project: North 19th Watermain Extension Project Number: 00-091 Sample Identification: S-3, S-4: BH-2 ALLIED Date Sampled: Date Tested: 2/10/01 ENGINEERING Soil Classification: Sandy GRAVEL SERVICES, �ivc_ Summary of Lab Test Data Test Method: ASTM D-698 (Std. Proctor) Natural Moisture Content: Test Procedure: B Optimum Moisture Content: 8.79% No Oversize Correction Applied Maximum Dry Unit Weight: 134.85 PCF Compaction Curve f—Corn action Curve f Zero Air Voids for S.G.=2.5 { -0—Zero Air Voids for S.G.=2.65 Zero Air Voids for S.G.=2.8 150 i 140 U _ 130 a 120 — t 110 t 100 6% 7% 8% 9% 10% 11% 12% M6sture Content(%) Compaction Test Results t Project: North 19th Watermain Extension Project Number: 00-091 r F Sample Identification: S-2, 131-1-4, S-3 BH-1, and S-2, 131-1-8 ALLIED Date Sampled: Date Tested: 2/10/01 ENGINEERING Soil Classification: Sandy Lean CLAY SERVICES, �rvc_ Summary of Lab Test Data Test Method: ASTM D-698 (Std. Proctor) Natural Moisture Content: Test Procedure:A Optimum Moisture Content: 16% No Oversize Correction Applied Maximum Dry Unit Weight: 107 PCF Compaction Curve 120 m•, �•.—,—,- —, 3 I i 110 { - a I .2 I 100 — _` -— — One-Pt, Proctor — 0 90 3 --*—Compaction Curve f-Zero Air Voids for S.G.=2.5 —0—Zero Air Voids for S.G.=2.65 —0 Zero Air Voids for S.G.=2.8 { i 80 10% 11% 12% 13% 14% 15% 16% 17% 18% 19% 20% Moisture Content(%) ATTERBERG LIMITS DETERMINATION (ASTM D-4318) Aif #V� Project: City of Bozeman Watermain Extension Project Number: io 091 ALLIED Sample Identification S-2:8H 4 Date Sampled: ENGINEERING Date Tested: 12/14/00 Soil Classification: CL-Lean Clay SEEFZ\/ICES, INC_ so --w.--___ __._„_ _.r ._ Plasticit Chart Test Summary Results A Line Plastic Limit: 20.7 40 Liquid Limit: 39 CH ; Plasticity Index: 18.3 30 u µ _ MH or H' a 20 CL 10 4 L-Mt u o ML 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Liquid Limit ATTERBERG LIMITS DETERMINATION (ASTM D-4318) 'i Project: City of Bozeman Watermain Extension Project Number: io 091 ALLIED Sample Identification S 2:BH_g Date Sampled: ENGINEERING Date Tested: 12/14/00 SERVICES, INC_ Sail Classification: CL-Lean Clay 60 Plasticit Chart 50 I Test Summary Results ( Plastic Limit: 21.5 40 1 Liquid Limit: 41 CH Plasticity Index: 19.5 30 MH or OH a 20 CL 10 CL-M:i, f ML W e L ML 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Liquid Limit 11PPENDIlXB JOINT RES TRA INT A NA L YSIS Pruject Name COB Watermain ExtIllikilill ension Drawing Location �- Piping Materials Installation Conditions Prpe Material DuctilelPol y J Soil Type CL IUomrnai Sizze 12" Trench Type . 5 Fiftmg Tyge . Horizontal Bend Test Pressure. 200 psi_ Bend Angle 90' Safety Factor ' 1.5 to 1 Depth of Bury Click here to Restrained Length Calculation Results: - ------- i review Fs and Calculate Rs values. Length To Be Restrained = 28 ft. Fs,Rs Clear Project Name ICOB Watermain Extension Drawing Location I 1 1:&,% - Piping Materials Installation Conditions Pipe Material DuctilelPoly Soil T yPe. CL IVoinrnal Size _ 12" Trench Type 5 Fitting Type Horizontal Bend Test Pressure 260 psi_ BeadAngte 45 _1 Safety Factor_ 1.5 to 1 - Depth of Bury 6 ft_ Click here to Restrained Length Calculation Results: i review Fs and Calculate Rs values. Length To Be Restrained Fs.Rs : Clear PrJject Name 1COR Watermain Extension Drawing Location Pipinq Materials Installation Conditions Pipe Material, Ductile/Poly Soil Type CL Nomrnal4Siz 12" T x Trench Tgpe 5 Fittrn T g yp Horizontal Bend Test Pressure 200 psi. T Bend An le , 22h Safety Factor 1.5 to 1 Depth of Bury 6 ft_ Click here to Restrained Length Calculation Results: review Fs and Calculate Rs values. Length To Be Restrained = 6 ft. ---.�' Fs:Rs Clean Exrt °] _ _•_ t Cob Wa:!ma n Fr a CA J } 2 i Force Q+ a 9v° `� '� �• 225'2c•;e VX x I es { F } € S i `t, 1 i S "(W, )�I(2�,o��Z s 3 ,18�l6$ �.�. : 3,,1 actLs a y i qX i �y = rz� Gnu - "�•,. [,;. s,-,�I;° 15,595165 y 3 f F } 1 t Ly ! Al F if gg� z I {� 1 fall is E i N i - '� t1tS,���ar =d I I i (1'' p 4 t 1> I.S L c+s Cansefc m�, {,. 1`t+C 9�°3e Gn -k ((V-PAmh<, rac\P` i+'� cl-p{ ` p° I ?WZ