HomeMy WebLinkAbout04-11-25 Public Comment - Extreme History - Support for project 24-147From:crystal
To:Bozeman Public Comment
Subject:[EXTERNAL][SENDER UNVERIFIED]Public comment for project 24-147
Date:Thursday, April 10, 2025 6:22:20 PM
Attachments:Public comment project 24-147.docx
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Hello,Please find attached public comment for project 24-147. Thank you.Best,Crystal Alegria
Crystal AlegriaDirector of The Extreme History Project----------------------------------------------------Check out our podcast, The Dirt on the Past!
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The Extreme History Project - 234 E. Mendenhall - Bozeman MT 59715
www.extremehistoryproject.org
406-220-2678
April 10, 2025
City of Bozeman - City Commission
Dear Mayor Cunningham and City Commissioners,
I am in support of application 24-147, a proposal to construct a new 6-story boutique hotel building with
the associated provision to examine the historic archaeology of the site prior to construction.
This parcel of land has historically been an integral part of our community and continues to be today.
This is an opportunity to engage the public with our community’s significant history.
With community history in mind, we support enhancing, restoring and interpreting Bozeman Creek
within this project. We support the idea of access to the creek when possible and revealing and
celebrating the creek area, and the history of the creek.
Historically, this project area was a thriving commercial and residential area. The alley between Main
and Mendenhall Streets and book-ended by Rouse and Bozeman Avenues, was referred to as “China
Alley” on Sanborn Insurance maps and was the residential and business location for Bozeman’s Chinese
community. This area was also Bozeman’s red-light district, the location of “female boarding houses,” a
euphemism for houses of prostitution. No standing structures remain, but archaeologically this project
area is rich with the material remnants of these two marginalized communities.
If excavated professionally by archaeologists, this project area and its associated artifacts could reveal
significant information about the people who lived in early Bozeman. When professional archaeologists
excavate a small number of test units, taking limited time and budget and possibly including community
partners such as Montana State University’s Anthropology Department, this project will be a win-win for
Bozeman’s preservation community and the developer. The resulting information will give us much-
needed insight into Bozeman’s early history.
With Bozeman’s rapid growth, this is a chance that will not present itself again. Let’s collectively take the
opportunity to recover our history before it is lost forever.
In 2020, a very similar project had positive press in Missoula, MT. Here is a link to an article on the
project published by the Smithsonian Magazine. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-
news/beneath-missoula-remnants-19th-century-red-light-district-and-chinatown-180974230/.
Thank you for supporting this project and thank you for supporting the documentation of Bozeman’s
rich historical record during this unique archaeological opportunity.
Sincerely,
The Extreme History Project - 234 E. Mendenhall - Bozeman MT 59715
www.extremehistoryproject.org
406-220-2678
Crystal Alegria
Director of The Extreme History Project
Here is a brief historic overview that provides background on the early use of this area.
“The half-block between Mendenhall Street and the alley between Bozeman and Rouse Avenues was
historically occupied by marginalized residents, namely sex workers and Chinese immigrants. This
combination of red-light district and the historic Chinese community began in this area by the mid-
1880s. Within a short time, prostitution was said to “flourish” there and Chinese residents were
congregating in the area. The Chinese population was likely small at that time, however, the 1880
census lists 25 Chinese living in Bozeman and a later 1905 census lists 73. When they arrived, the
Chinese immigrants occupied both sides of the alley, although were mainly living on the north side. By
1889, many of the buildings that lined the north side of the alley were designated as “Chinese” or
“Female Boarding House” which was a euphemism for house of prostitution on the 1889 Sanborn Fire
Insurance map.
By the 1890s, Bozeman’s red-light district and Chinese community were well-established with a strong
population of residents. We know that while living in Bozeman the Chinese community operated
laundries, restaurants, mercantile, opium dens, and gambling establishments throughout Bozeman but
with a concentration in the alley between Main Street and Mendenhall street bordered by Rouse and
Bozeman avenues.
The Chinese population reached its largest numbers by the early 20th century. The population of
Bozeman’s sex workers continued to increase until the 1910s when houses of prostitution were being
shuttered and the women who worked in these brothels were facing pressure to leave town.
By the mid-1920s, the red-light district had effectively been eliminated and the brothels were converted
to traditional boarding houses. Most Chinese residents were leaving Montana and by 1920, the reported
Chinese immigrant population in Bozeman had dropped to 13 residents.
After World War II, those buildings still standing in the former red-light district/Chinese community were
mainly single and multi-unit dwellings. A few new businesses were added mainly late in the historic
period. They were an “automobile service station at the corner of Mendenhall and Rouse, erected in
about 1941, and the Haaland Furniture store, along Bozeman at the west end of the block, built in 1954”
(Renewable Technologies, Inc, May 05, 2010).
It is reported through word of mouth that many of the buildings used as houses of prostitution in
Bozeman’s red-light district were torn down in the 1960s during urban renewal. In April of 2025, there
are only two structures still standing that were part of the red-light district/Chinese community. One of
these buildings still stands with the modern address of 234 E. Mendenhall. This house was built by
Joseph Lindley in 1891 specifically to be a brothel. The second standing structure is located in the alley
and is commonly known as the “Chinese House.” These two structures are what remains physically of
Bozeman’s red-light history. But, much of this history remains beneath the surface in the form of
The Extreme History Project - 234 E. Mendenhall - Bozeman MT 59715
www.extremehistoryproject.org
406-220-2678
artifacts and physical remnants of the buildings, privies, and artifacts left behind by those who once
called the red-light district home.
Renewable Technologies, Inc.
2010 “Environmental Assessment, City of Bozeman, Reconstruction Following an Explosion In a
Historic District.” Report on file at the City of Bozeman, Bozeman, MT.