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HomeMy WebLinkAbout005 - Traffic Impact Study BOZEMAN APARTMENTS TRAFFIC IMPACT STUDY Prepared For Silver Creek Equity JANUARY 2024 Bozeman, Gallatin County, Montana Traffic Impact Study BOZEMAN APARTMENTS Bozeman, Gallatin County, Montana Prepared For Silver Creek Equity January 2024 Project No. 23-0108 619 Milestone Drive ● Belgrade, Montana 59714 ● (406) 209-3960 ● E5EngineeringPLLC@gmail.com PTOE Certification – 2020 Table of Contents | i Traffic Impact Study – Bozeman Apartments January 2024 Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Purpose of Report & Study Objectives ............... 1 Study Area ...................................................... 1 Location & Land Use ....................................... 1 Transportation Network ................................... 1 Traffic Volumes ............................................... 1 Alternative Modes of Transportation ................ 1 Pedestrians & Bicyclists ...................... 1 Transit Service ..................................... 2 Proposed Development .................................... 2 Traffic Operations ............................................ 2 Existing Conditions ......................................... 2 Projected Traffic .............................................. 2 Conclusions & Recommendations .................... 2 Site Access ..................................................... 3 Alternative Modes of Transportation ................ 3 Pedestrians & Bicyclists ...................... 3 Transit Service ..................................... 3 Improvements & Traffic Control Guidance ........ 3 Proposed Study Area Development 4 Proposed Development Plan ............................. 4 Development Horizon ....................................... 4 Transportation Elements of the Proposed Development ................................................... 4 Trip Generation ............................................... 4 Trip Distribution .............................................. 6 Traffic Assignment .......................................... 7 Pedestrians & Bicyclists .................................. 7 Transit Service ................................................ 9 Access Spacing ............................................... 9 Existing Conditions 9 Study Area Land Use ........................................ 9 Transportation Network ................................... 9 Alternative Modes of Transportation ................. 9 Pedestrians & Bicyclists .................................. 9 Transit Service .............................................. 10 Traffic Volumes ............................................. 10 Count Locations & Data ................................ 10 Safety ........................................................... 10 Crash Experience .......................................... 10 Projected Traffic 12 Through Traffic Projections ............................ 12 Growth Rate Projections ................................ 12 Planned Developments ................................. 13 Avion Apartments .............................. 13 2695 Tschache Lane Development . 15 Projected Background Traffic Volumes ........... 15 Total Traffic Projections ................................. 15 Transportation Analyses 20 Analysis Scenarios ........................................ 20 Analysis Methodologies ................................. 20 Operations .................................................... 20 Unsignalized Intersections ................ 20 ii | Table of Contents Traffic Impact Study – Bozeman Apartments January 2024 Assessment of Impacts 21 Traffic Operations .......................................... 21 Safety ........................................................... 21 Crash Experience .......................................... 21 Access Spacing ............................................. 21 Alternative Modes of Transportation ............... 21 Existing Conditions ....................................... 21 Proposed Development ................................. 21 Pedestrians & Bicyclists .................... 21 Transit Service ................................... 25 Compliance with Applicable Local Codes ........ 25 Conclusions & Recommendations 25 Site Access ................................................... 25 Alternative Modes of Transportation ............... 25 Pedestrians & Bicyclists ................................ 25 Transit Service .............................................. 25 Improvements & Traffic Control Guidance ....... 25 References 26 Appendices Appendix A Level of Service Concepts, Analysis Methodologies, & Standards of Significance Appendix B Traffic Count Data Appendix C Trip Generation Analyses Appendix D Capacity & Level of Service Analyses List of Tables & Figures | iii Traffic Impact Study – Bozeman Apartments January 2024 List of Tables Table 1: Estimated Project Trip Generation ......................................................................................................................... 4 Table 2: North 27th Avenue & Tschache Lane Intersection Existing Characteristics .................................................... 10 Table 3: 2018 – 2022 North 27th Avenue & Tschache Lane Intersection Reported Crash Experience Summary ..... 12 Table 4: Estimated Average Annual Growth Rates ........................................................................................................... 12 Table 5: Estimated Avion Apartments Trip Generation .................................................................................................... 13 Table 6: Estimated 2695 Tschache Lane Development Project Trip Generation .......................................................... 15 List of Figures Figure 1: Site Location & Study Area .................................................................................................................................... 5 Figure 2: Proposed Site Layout ............................................................................................................................................. 6 Figure 3: Primary Trip Distribution ........................................................................................................................................ 7 Figure 4: Bozeman Apartments Site Development Estimated Traffic Assignment ............................................................ 8 Figure 5: North 27th Avenue & Tschache Lane 2022 Traffic Volumes ........................................................................... 11 Figure 6: North 27th Avenue & Tschache Lane Avion Apartments Traffic Assignment ................................................. 14 Figure 7: North 27th Avenue & Tschache Lane Intersection Traffic Assignment from the 2695 Tschache Lane Development................................................................................................................................... 16 Figure 8: North 27th Avenue & Tschache Lane Intersection 2022 – 2028 Background Traffic Growth ..................... 17 Figure 9: North 27th Avenue & Tschache Lane Estimated 2028 Background Traffic Volumes .................................... 18 Figure 10: North 27th Avenue & Tschache Lane Estimated 2028 Total Traffic Volumes ............................................. 19 Figure 11: Traffic Operations Summary for 2022 Existing Conditions ............................................................................ 22 Figure 12: Traffic Operations Summary for 2028 Background Traffic Conditions ......................................................... 23 Figure 13: Traffic Operations Summary for 2028 Estimated Total Traffic ...................................................................... 24 1 Traffic Impact Study – Bozeman Apartments January 2024 Executive Summary Purpose of Report & Study Objectives This report summarizes the results of a traffic impact study conducted by E5 Engineering, PLLC for the proposed Bozeman Apartments site development in Bozeman, Gallatin County, Montana. The objectives of the traffic study are as follows:  Determine the existing vehicular, pedestrian, bicycle, and transit conditions at the intersection of North 27th Avenue and Tschache Lane to establish a base condition.  Assess the impact that the proposed development will have on transportation conditions at the intersection of North 27th Avenue and Tschache Lane.  Determine any street, access, bicycle, and pedestrian modifications and/or improvements that will be necessary to effectively accommodate and mitigate future conditions. Study Area Location & Land Use Currently, the site of the proposed Bozeman Apartments development is vacant. The proposed site development is located on Lot 5C of Annie Subdivision, Phase 2 that is currently vacant. The project is bounded by Tschache Lane to the north, Breeze Lane to the south, North 25th Avenue to the east, and North 27th Avenue to the west. Multifamily housing is located to the west across North 27th Avenue, to the south across Breeze Lane, and across Tschache Lane to the north in the proposed 2695 Tschache Lane development (City of Bozeman Planning File #22-280). Rose Park is located across North 25th Avenue to the east. Other properties in the area are also primarily residential. Transportation Network Following the informal review for the proposed project, the City of Bozeman provided that the traffic impact study was to focus primarily on the intersection of North 27th Avenue and Tschache Lane. It was also the City’s determination that “All other intersections in the study area are fully built out or already planned to be upgraded.” Traffic Volumes Current vehicle, pedestrian, and bicycle conditions within the study area, peak period traffic, pedestrian, and bicycle counts were utilized that were based on averages taken for two weekdays from previous counts conducted by E5 Engineering, PLLC on April 19 and 20, 2022 (Tuesday and Wednesday) for the intersection of North 27th Avenue and Tschache Lane. The count data were not adjusted for seasonal and daily variations to allow for a slightly more conservative analysis. Monthly and daily adjustment factors available through MDT would result in a reduction to observed volumes. Alternative Modes of Transportation Pedestrians & Bicyclists There are sidewalks available for pedestrians adjacent to the proposed Bozeman Apartments site development project on the east side of North 27th Avenue plus a shared-use pathway on the south side of Tschache Lane. The sidewalks and shared-use pathway provide links to parks, employment areas, shopping, schools, services, and 2 Traffic Impact Study – Bozeman Apartments January 2024 transit access in the area around the proposed development as well as other locations throughout Bozeman. Additionally, bike lanes are provided on North 27th Avenue. Sidewalks do not currently exist adjacent to the Bozeman Apartments site along North 25th Avenue nor Breeze Lane. Transit Service Streamline’s Blueline route provides service adjacent to the proposed Bozeman Apartments site development project along Tschache Lane. This route includes a stop at the intersection of North 27th Avenue and Tschache Lane and is available on weekdays and weekends. Proposed Development The Bozeman Apartments site development proposed to be developed includes:  A single structure apartment building with a mix of two single story elements on the south and west facing portions of the building that include 15 units adjoining a five-story structure that includes a parking garage on the first floor and a combined total of 97 units in the second through fifth floors.  The proposed project is estimated to generate a total of 488 average weekday vehicle trips and 38 vehicle trips during weekday, AM peak hour plus 45 during the weekday, PM peak hour.  Pedestrian and/or bicyclist-related trips may comprise a limited number of trips with the proposed development due to its location in relation to activity centers near the study area.  Access to the site is proposed via a proposed approach via North 25th Avenue, which is a local street. It is anticipated that the proposed Bozeman Apartments site development will be fully occupied by the year 2028. Traffic Operations Existing Conditions Capacity and level of service (LOS) analyses were performed for the intersection of North 27th Avenue and Tschache Lane for existing traffic and non-motorized user conditions based on existing traffic control and intersection geometry. The analyses of existing traffic operations found that the intersection is currently operating within acceptable levels of service (LOS C or better). No specific crash experience concerns were identified for the intersection of North 27th Avenue and Tschache Lane. Projected Traffic No substandard traffic operations or other transportation related impacts were identified through the year 2028 analyses for estimated background or total traffic conditions at the intersection of North 27th Avenue and Tschache Lane. Conclusions & Recommendations Analysis of trip generation estimates, traffic operations, and considerations for alternative modes of transportation reveal that the proposed Bozeman Apartments site development project will have minimal impact on area traffic operations. Based on the analyses included herein, the following are recommended as appropriate: 3 Traffic Impact Study – Bozeman Apartments January 2024 Site Access The proposed accesses for the Bozeman Apartments site development to and from North 25th Avenue should be designed in accordance with City of Bozeman standards and provide adequate intersection sight distance in accordance with City of Bozeman and AASHTO standards. Alternative Modes of Transportation Pedestrians & Bicyclists Sidewalks proposed to be installed on the west side of North 25th Avenue would complete the remaining section on the west side of the roadway that provides a pedestrian link between West Oak Street and Tschache Lane. The proposed sidewalk installation along Breeze Lane would provide a pedestrian link between North 25th Avenue and North 27th Avenue. No additional specific improvements are proposed for bicycle connectivity with the proposed Bozeman Apartments site development project. There is an existing shared-use pathway adjacent to the property along the south side of Tschache Lane and bike lanes on North 27th Avenue. Transit Service No specific additional improvements for transit service features are proposed within Bozeman Apartments site development project. Improvements & Traffic Control Guidance Included recommendations for mitigation and the proposed Bozeman Apartments site development improvements should be installed in accordance with City of Bozeman requirements, the most current editions of the Montana Public Works Standard Specifications, and the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. 4 Traffic Impact Study – Bozeman Apartments January 2024 Proposed Study Area Development Proposed Development Plan The Bozeman Apartments site development proposed to be developed includes a proposed single structure apartment building with a mix of two single story elements on the south and west facing portions of the building that include 15 units adjoining a five-story structure that includes a parking garage on the first floor and a combined total of 97 units in the second through fifth floors. The proposed development is located on Lot 5C of Annie Subdivision, Phase 2 situated in the southwest quarter of the northeast quarter of Section 2, Township 2 South, Range 5 East of the Principal Meridian of Montana (SW ¼, NE ¼, Sec. 2, T2S, R5E, P.M.M.). The project is bounded by Tschache Lane to the north, Breeze Lane to the south, North 25th Avenue to the east, and North 27th Avenue to the west. Access to the site is proposed via two proposed approaches to North 25th Avenue. The site location and study area are shown in Figure 1 on the following page. The proposed layout is shown in Figure 2 on page 6. Development Horizon It is anticipated that the proposed Bozeman Apartments site development will be fully occupied by the year 2028. Transportation Elements of the Proposed Development Trip Generation Estimated trip generation for the proposed development was derived utilizing rates published by the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) in the Trip Generation Manual, 11th Edition. The rates used in the analyses were based on the multifamily housing, mid-rise land use (ITE Land Use Code 221) with a general urban/suburban setting that is not close to rail transit and the proposed number of dwelling units as the independent variable. Based on the ITE trip generation rates, the proposed project is estimated to generate a total of 488 average weekday vehicle trips and 38 vehicle trips during weekday, AM peak hour plus 45 during the weekday, PM peak hour. Pedestrian and/or bicyclist-related trips may comprise a limited number of trips with the proposed development due to its location in relation to activity centers near the study area. The estimated vehicular trip generation for the proposed development is presented in Table 1 below and is provided in Appendix C. Table 1: Estimated Project Trip Generation Average Weekday Trip Ends Weekday, AM Peak Hour Trip Ends Weekday, PM Peak Hour Trip Ends Land Use ITE Code Quantity Enter Exit Total Enter Exit Total Enter Exit Total Total Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends 221 112 DU 244 244 488 9 29 38 27 18 45 Total Estimated Walk, Bike, and/or Transit Trip Ends 2 5 7 4 4 8 DU = Dwelling Units 5 Traffic Impact Study – Bozeman Apartments January 2024 Figure 1: Site Location & Study Area 6 Traffic Impact Study – Bozeman Apartments January 2024 Figure 2: Proposed Site Layout Trip Distribution Trip distribution is evaluated from the probable traffic routes that development related traffic will utilize based on likely trip origins and destinations given the characteristics of the proposed development and the surrounding area. Various methods are available for estimating trip distribution, including the analogy, trip distribution model, area of influence, origin-destination (O-D), and surrogate data methods. This study primarily utilizes the analogy method that bases the trip distribution on existing travel patterns in the area with consideration given to likely origins and destinations as well as traffic demands on the transportation network around the proposed development. Figure 3 on the following page shows the estimated Bozeman Apartments site development primary trip distribution. 7 Traffic Impact Study – Bozeman Apartments January 2024 Figure 3: Primary Trip Distribution Traffic Assignment The assignment of development traffic provides the information necessary to determine the level of site related impacts to the area roadway system and intersections. It involves determining the volume of traffic and its movements within the transportation system. At a minimum, trip assignment must also consider route choice, how the existing transportation system functions, and travel times to and from the development. The resulting traffic assignment within the study area is shown in Figure 3 on the following page. Pedestrians & Bicyclists Sidewalk improvements are included with the proposed Bozeman Apartments site development project. Sidewalks are proposed to be installed on the west side of North 25th Avenue and the north side of Breeze Lane. The North 25th Avenue sidewalk improvements would complete the remaining section on the west side of the roadway that provides a pedestrian link between West Oak Street and Tschache Lane. The proposed sidewalk installation along Breeze Lane would provide a pedestrian link between North 25th Avenue and North 27th Avenue. No additional specific improvements are proposed for bicycle connectivity with the proposed Bozeman Apartments site development project. There is an existing shared-use pathway adjacent to the property along the south side of Tschache Lane. 8 Traffic Impact Study – Bozeman Apartments January 2024 Figure 4: Bozeman Apartments Site Development Estimated Traffic Assignment 9 Traffic Impact Study – Bozeman Apartments January 2024 Transit Service Streamline currently provides transit service to Belgrade, Bozeman, Four Corners, Livingston, and Montana State University. Streamline’s Blueline route provides service adjacent to the proposed Bozeman Apartments site development project along Tschache Lane. This route includes a stop at the intersection of North 27th Avenue and Tschache Lane and is available on weekdays and weekends. No additional specific transit improvements are proposed with the Bozeman Apartments site development project. Access Spacing To assist in promoting the long-term safe and efficient operation of its transportation network, the City of Bozeman has adopted specific access spacing standards for intersections and driveways. The adopted standards are provided in Table A-2 in Appendix A. For the proposed development, access from the site is being proposed to North 25th Avenue, which is a local street. Therefore, the minimum separation of 40-feet from other accesses would apply per City of Bozeman standards. The proposed parking garage and surface parking lot accesses have a proposed separation of approximately 46-feet, as measured between the driveway edges (excluding the approach aprons). The proposed access spacing would meet the City of Bozeman minimum separation requirement. Existing Conditions Study Area Land Use Currently, the site of the proposed Bozeman Apartments development is vacant. The site is located on Lot 5C of Annie Subdivision, Phase 2 in Bozeman, Gallatin County, Montana. The project is bounded by Tschache Lane to the north, Breeze Lane to the south, North 25th Avenue to the east, and North 27th Avenue to the west. Multifamily housing is located to the west across North 27th Avenue, to the south across Breeze Lane, and across Tschache Lane to the north in the proposed 2695 Tschache Lane development (City of Bozeman Planning File #22-280). Rose Park is located across North 25th Avenue to the east. Other properties in the area are also primarily residential. Transportation Network Following the informal review for the proposed project, the City of Bozeman provided that the traffic impact study was to focus primarily on the intersection of North 27th Avenue and Tschache Lane. It was also the City’s determination that “All other intersections in the study area are fully built out or already planned to be upgraded.” Current traffic control plus the geometric configuration for the intersection of North 27th Avenue and Tschache Lane is summarized in Table 2 on the following page. Alternative Modes of Transportation Pedestrians & Bicyclists There are sidewalks available for pedestrians adjacent to the proposed Bozeman Apartments site development project on the east side of North 27th Avenue plus a shared-use pathway on the south side of Tschache Lane. The sidewalks and shared-use pathway provide links to parks, employment areas, shopping, schools, services, and transit access in the area around the proposed development as well as other locations throughout Bozeman. Additionally, bike lanes are provided on North 27th Avenue. Sidewalks do not currently exist adjacent to the Bozeman Apartments site along North 25th Avenue nor Breeze Lane. 10 Traffic Impact Study – Bozeman Apartments January 2024 Table 2: North 27th Avenue & Tschache Lane Intersection Existing Characteristics Intersection Traffic Control Approach Lane Configuration Bike Lane Pedestrian Accommodations ID Roadways Crossing Marked Crosswalk 1 North 27th Avenue & Tschache Lane 2-Way (EB & WB) EB WB NB SB Transit Service As noted previously, Streamline does offer transit service in the area with weekday and weekend routes along Tschache Lane adjacent to the site. Traffic Volumes Count Locations & Data Current vehicle, pedestrian, and bicycle conditions within the study area, peak period traffic, pedestrian, and bicycle counts were utilized based on averages taken for two weekdays from previous counts conducted by E5 Engineering, PLLC on April 19 and 20, 2022 (Tuesday and Wednesday) for the intersection of North 27th Avenue and Tschache Lane. The counts were conducted during the morning (7:00 – 9:00 a.m.) and evening (4:00 – 6:00 p.m.) peak periods. The results of the traffic counts showed that the peak hours occurred between 7:30 and 8:30 a.m. and 4:45 and 5:45 p.m. within the study area. The count data were not adjusted for seasonal and daily variations to allow for a slightly more conservative analysis. Monthly and daily adjustment factors available through MDT would result in a reduction to observed volumes. Summaries of the count data are shown in Figure 5 on the following page and are provided in Appendix B. The vehicular volume counts in Figure 5 for the intersection of North 27th Avenue and Tschache Lane reflect balancing of the data with other nearby intersections included as part of the Traffic Impact Study: North 27th & Tschache Development prepared by E5 Engineering, PLLC in July 2022. Safety Crash Experience Traffic safety conditions in the study area were documented by reviewing the crash history of the study area intersections using data provided from the Montana Department of Transportation (MDT) crash database. Public crash information for the period 2018 through 2022, the most recent five years available, was reviewed. MDT reported five (5) crashes occurring at the intersection of North 27th Avenue and Tschache Lane over the five-year period. Limited data is available through the public crash information provided by MDT. A review of the specific crash reports would be required to obtain additional crash information such as type; weather, roadway, and lighting conditions; number of vehicles, pedestrian, or bicyclist involvement; age and gender of drivers; and other potentially contributing conditions. 11 Traffic Impact Study – Bozeman Apartments January 2024 Figure 5: North 27th Avenue & Tschache Lane 2022 Traffic Volumes 12 Traffic Impact Study – Bozeman Apartments January 2024 Table 3: 2018 – 2022 North 27th Avenue & Tschache Lane Intersection Reported Crash Experience Summary Data North 27th Avenue & Tschache Lane Reported Crashes 2018 2 2019 1 2020 1 2021 0 2022 1 5-Year Total 5 5-Year Average 1.0 Estimated Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) April 2022 Weekday Traffic Volume Entering Intersection 4,910 AADT Seasonal Adjustment Factor 0.926 Estimated 2022 AADT Volume Entering Intersection 4,545 Reported 5-Year Average Crash Involvement Rate for Intersection Per Million Entering Vehicles (MEV) 0.60 Projected Traffic Through Traffic Projections Growth Rate Projections Estimated traffic volumes for the 2028 analysis year due to growth outside of the study area were projected by applying an average annual growth rate (AAGR) to the 2022 traffic volumes. Traffic growth for North 27th Avenue and its intersections with Tschache Lane was evaluated between the years 2017 and 2022 to develop forecast growth trends within the study area through the 2028 analysis year. The AAGRs utilized as a part of this study are summarized Table 4 below. Table 4: Estimated Average Annual Growth Rates Roadway Location Roadway Segment Weighted 5-Year AAGR North of 27th Avenue North & South of Tschache Lane 7.5% Tschache Lane West of North 27th Avenue 0.5% Tschache Lane East of North 27th Avenue 10.0% 13 Traffic Impact Study – Bozeman Apartments January 2024 Planned Developments Additionally, traffic growth projections also included proposed developments within the study area that are anticipated to be completed and occupied prior to the 2028 analysis year. The following additional developments within the study area were included with anticipated traffic growth projections:  Avion Apartments (AKA Bozeman West – Apartments, City of Bozeman Planning File #17-108) North of Tschache Lane and West of Catron Creek on Lot B of Certificate of Survey No. 1256A  2695 Tschache Lane Development (City of Bozeman Planning File #22-280) Northeast Corner of the Intersection of North 27th Avenue & Tschache Lane on the Remainder of Tract 1 of Certificate of Survey No. 1256, Less Minor Subdivision No. 404 Avion Apartments Trip Generation Estimated trip generation for the Avion Apartments was originally developed using rates published in the ITE Trip Generation Manual, 9th Edition (2012) and included in the Traffic Impact Study: Bozeman West – Apartments prepared by Morrison-Maierle (February 2017). The rates used in the analyses were based on an apartment land use with a general urban/suburban setting or location and the proposed number of dwelling units as the independent variable (ITE Trip Generation Manual, 9th Edition Land Use Code 216). The estimated trip generation has been updated with this study per the ITE Trip Generation Manual, 11th Edition to reflect updated data since 2017 using the multifamily housing (low-rise) land use (ITE Land Use Code 221) with a general urban/suburban setting or location not close to rail transit and the proposed number of dwelling units as the independent variable. The estimated trip generation for the proposed Avion Apartments based on the updated data is presented in Table 5 below and is provided in Appendix C. Table 5: Estimated Avion Apartments Trip Generation Average Weekday Trip Ends Weekday, AM Peak Hour Trip Ends Weekday, PM Peak Hour Trip Ends Land Use ITE Code Quantity Enter Exit Total Enter Exit Total Enter Exit Total Total Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends 220 216 DU 730 730 1,460 22 68 90 54 31 85 Total Estimated Walk, Bike, and/or Transit Trip Ends 3 4 7 4 3 7 DU = Dwelling Units Trip Distribution Estimated trip distribution for the proposed Avion Apartments as adapted from the Traffic Impact Study: Bozeman West – Apartments is shown in Figure 6 on the following page. Traffic Assignment The resulting estimated traffic assignment at the intersection of North 27th Avenue and Tschache Lane for the proposed Avion Apartments is also shown in Figure 6 on the following page. 14 Traffic Impact Study – Bozeman Apartments January 2024 Figure 6: North 27th Avenue & Tschache Lane Avion Apartments Traffic Assignment 15 Traffic Impact Study – Bozeman Apartments January 2024 2695 Tschache Lane Development Trip Generation Estimated trip generation for the 2695 Tschache Lane Development was originally developed using rates published in the ITE Trip Generation Manual, 11th Edition and included in the Traffic Impact Study: North 27th & Tschache Development. The rates used in the analyses were based on single-family detached housing (ITE Land Use Code 210), single-family attached housing (ITE Land Use Code 215), and multifamily housing (mid-rise) (ITE Land Use Code 221) land uses with a general urban/suburban setting or location and the proposed number of dwelling units as the independent variable. The estimated vehicular trip generation for the proposed 2695 Tschache Lane Development is presented in Table 6 below and is provided in Appendix C. Table 6: Estimated 2695 Tschache Lane Development Project Trip Generation Average Weekday Trip Ends Weekday, AM Peak Hour Trip Ends Weekday, PM Peak Hour Trip Ends Land Use ITE Code Quantity Enter Exit Total Enter Exit Total Enter Exit Total Single-Family Detached Housing 210 3 DU 15 15 30 1 2 3 2 1 3 Rowhouses | Single-Family Attached Housing 215 46 DU 151 151 302 6 13 19 14 10 24 Apartments | Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise) 221 294 DU 678 678 1,356 27 91 118 70 45 115 Total Units = 343 DU Total Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends = 844 844 1,688 34 106 140 86 56 142 DU = Dwelling Units Trip Distribution Estimated trip distribution for the proposed Avion Apartments as adapted from the Traffic Impact Study: North 27th & Tschache Development is shown in Figure 7 on the following page. Traffic Assignment The resulting estimated traffic assignment at the intersection of North 27th Avenue and Tschache Lane for the proposed 2695 Tschache Lane Development is also shown in Figure 7 on the following page. Projected Background Traffic Volumes Estimated traffic growth between 2022 and 2028 resulting from the AAGR analyses, accounting for traffic growth from proposed developments within the study area, is shown in Figure 8 on page 17. Estimated 2028 background traffic volumes from growth rate projections within the study area in combination with consideration for estimated trip generation from the Avion Apartments and the 2695 Tschache Lane Development were developed to establish the baseline condition for the impact analyses resulting from the proposed Bozeman Apartments project and are shown in Figure 9 on page 18. Total Traffic Projections Estimated 2028 total traffic volumes include the combination of background traffic volumes with those projected for the proposed Bozeman Apartments site development, which are shown in Figure 10 on page 19. 16 Traffic Impact Study – Bozeman Apartments January 2024 Figure 7: North 27th Avenue & Tschache Lane Intersection Traffic Assignment from the 2695 Tschache Lane Development 17 Traffic Impact Study – Bozeman Apartments January 2024 Figure 8: North 27th Avenue & Tschache Lane Intersection 2022 – 2028 Background Traffic Growth 18 Traffic Impact Study – Bozeman Apartments January 2024 Figure 9: North 27th Avenue & Tschache Lane Estimated 2028 Background Traffic Volumes 19 Traffic Impact Study – Bozeman Apartments January 2024 Figure 10: North 27th Avenue & Tschache Lane Estimated 2028 Total Traffic Volumes 20 Traffic Impact Study – Bozeman Apartments January 2024 Transportation Analyses Analysis Scenarios To identify significant project impacts, the following scenarios for the intersection of North 27th Avenue and Tschache Lane were evaluated:  Existing Conditions (2022) Consists of an operational analysis of year 2022 count data included as part of this study.  No Build Scenario – Estimated 2028 Background Traffic Volumes Consists of projected, non-site background traffic volumes.  Full Buildout Scenario – Estimated 2028 Total Traffic Volumes Consists of estimated 2028 background traffic volumes in combination with forecast traffic from the proposed Bozeman Apartments site development. Analysis Methodologies Operations The intersection analyses employ methodologies based on empirical research conducted by the Transportation Research Board (TRB) and other authorities, utilizing level of service (LOS) as the performance measure to evaluate the cumulative effects of such things as travel speed, traffic volumes, roadway and intersection capacity, travel delay, and traffic interruptions. Operating conditions are designated as LOS A through LOS F, representing the most to least favorable. LOS for intersections is determined by control delay, which is defined as the total elapsed time from when a vehicle stops at the end of a queue to the time the vehicle departs from the stop line. The total elapsed time includes the time required for the vehicle to travel from the last-in-queue position to the first-in-queue position, including deceleration of vehicles from the free flow speed to the speed of vehicles in the queue. LOS characteristics based on varying durations of average vehicle delay as listed in the Highway Capacity Manual, 7th Edition | A Guide for Multimodal Mobility Analysis (HCM) published by the TRB are summarized in Appendix A. Unsignalized Intersections The methodology used to determine the level of service for unsignalized intersections is based on Chapter 20 of the HCM for two-way stop controlled (TWSC) intersections. The LOS criteria are applicable for both two-way and all-way stop-controlled intersections. The TWSC analyses were performed using HCS TWSC Version 8.2 developed and maintained by the McTrans Center at the University of Florida. The HCM methodology for evaluating TWSC intersections is based on gap acceptance and conflicting traffic for vehicles stopped on minor street approaches. The critical gap (or minimum acceptable gap) is defined as the minimum time interval in the major street traffic stream that allows entry for one minor street vehicle. Average control delay and LOS for the minor street approach(es) is/are reported. LOS is not defined by the HCM for the intersection because major street traffic volumes and operations may skew the results of the LOS analyses. 21 Traffic Impact Study – Bozeman Apartments January 2024 Study Scenario Analyses Intersection capacity and LOS analyses for the study scenarios were performed using the existing geometry and traffic control at each of the study area intersections. The analyses are summarized in the following figures and detailed results are included in Appendix E.  Figure 11: Traffic Operations Summary for 2022 Existing Conditions – Page 22  Figure 12: Traffic Operations Summary for 2028 Background Traffic Conditions – Page 23  Figure 13: Traffic Operations Summary for 2028 Estimated Total Traffic – Page 24 Assessment of Impacts Traffic Operations The intersection of North 27th Avenue and Tschache Lane is currently operating within acceptable levels of service and is projected to continue to do so with development generated traffic from the proposed Bozeman Apartments. Safety Crash Experience A significant crash experience trend was not identified at the intersection of North 27th Avenue and Tschache Lane. Access Spacing The access spacing for the parking garage and surface parking lot accesses have a proposed separation of approximately 46-feet, as measured between the driveway edges (excluding the approach aprons), which would meet the City of Bozeman minimum separation requirement. Alternative Modes of Transportation Existing Conditions Previous sections noted there are sidewalks available for pedestrians adjacent to the proposed Bozeman Apartments site development project on the east side of North 27th Avenue plus a shared-use pathway on the south side of Tschache Lane. Additionally, bike lanes are provided on North 27th Avenue. Sidewalks do not currently exist adjacent to the Bozeman Apartments site along North 25th Avenue nor Breeze Lane. Streamline’s Blueline route provides service adjacent to the proposed Bozeman Apartments site development project along Tschache Lane that is available on weekdays and weekends. Proposed Development Pedestrians & Bicyclists Sidewalk improvements are included with the proposed Bozeman Apartments site development project. Sidewalks are proposed to be installed on the west side of North 25th Avenue and the north side of Breeze Lane. No additional specific improvements are proposed for bicycle connectivity with the proposed Bozeman Apartments site development project. 22 Traffic Impact Study – Bozeman Apartments January 2024 Figure 11: Traffic Operations Summary for 2022 Existing Conditions 23 Traffic Impact Study – Bozeman Apartments January 2024 Figure 12: Traffic Operations Summary for 2028 Background Traffic Conditions 24 Traffic Impact Study – Bozeman Apartments January 2024 Figure 13: Traffic Operations Summary for 2028 Estimated Total Traffic 25 Traffic Impact Study – Bozeman Apartments January 2024 Transit Service No specific improvements are proposed with the Bozeman Apartments project. Compliance with Applicable Local Codes The proposed Bozeman Apartments development improvements should be implemented in accordance with City of Bozeman requirements, as applicable. Conclusions & Recommendations Analysis of trip generation estimates, traffic operations, and considerations for alternative modes of transportation reveal that the proposed Bozeman Apartments site development project will have minimal impact on area traffic operations. Based on the analyses included herein, the following are recommended as appropriate: Site Access The proposed accesses for the Bozeman Apartments site development to and from North 25th Avenue should be designed in accordance with City of Bozeman standards and provide adequate intersection sight distance in accordance with City of Bozeman and AASHTO standards. Alternative Modes of Transportation Pedestrians & Bicyclists Sidewalks proposed to be installed on the west side of North 25th Avenue would complete the remaining section on the west side of the roadway that provides a pedestrian link between West Oak Street and Tschache Lane. The proposed sidewalk installation along Breeze Lane would provide a pedestrian link between North 25th Avenue and North 27th Avenue. No additional specific improvements are proposed for bicycle connectivity with the proposed Bozeman Apartments site development project. There is an existing shared-use pathway adjacent to the property along the south side of Tschache Lane and bike lanes on North 27th Avenue. Transit Service No specific additional improvements for transit service features are proposed within Bozeman Apartments site development project. Improvements & Traffic Control Guidance Included recommendations for mitigation and the proposed Bozeman Apartments site development improvements should be installed in accordance with City of Bozeman requirements, the most current editions of the Montana Public Works Standard Specifications, and the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. 26 Traffic Impact Study – Bozeman Apartments January 2024 References 1. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. (2018). A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, 2018 7th Edition – 2nd Printing. Washington, DC. 2. E5 Engineering, PLLC. Traffic Impact Study: North 27th & Tschache Development. Belgrade, MT. 3. Institute of Transportation Engineers. (2005). Transportation Impact Analyses for Site Development: An ITE Proposed Recommended Practice. Washington, DC. 4. Institute of Transportation Engineers. (September 2017). Trip Generation Handbook, 3rd Edition. Washington, DC. 5. Institute of Transportation Engineers. (2021). Trip Generation Manual, 11th Edition. Washington, DC. 6. Morrison-Maierle. (February 2017). Traffic Impact Study: Bozeman West – Apartments. Bozeman, MT. 7. Transportation Research Board. (2022). Highway Capacity Manual, 7th Edition | A Guide for Multimodal Mobility Analysis. Washington, DC: The National Academies of Sciences · Engineering · Medicine. Appendix A Level of Service Concepts, Analysis Methodologies, & Standards of Significance Appendix A: Level of Service Concepts, Analysis Methodologies, & Standards of Significance | A-1 Traffic Impact Study – Bozeman Apartments January 2024 Unsignalized Intersection Level of Service The method presented in the Highway Capacity Manual, 7th Edition | A Guide for Multimodal Mobility Analysis (HCM) published by the Transportation Research Board (TRB) for evaluating unsignalized, stop-controlled intersections is based on the average total delay for each impeded movement. As used here, total delay is defined as the total elapsed time from when a vehicle stops at the end of a queue until the vehicle departs from the stop line. This time includes the time required for the vehicle to travel from the last-in-queue to the first-in-queue position. The average total delay for any minor movement is a function of the service rate or capacity of the approach and the degree of saturation. The resulting delay is used to determine the level of service as shown in Table A-1 below. Table A-1: Level of Service Criteria for Stop-Controlled Intersections Average Control Delay Level of Service (LOS) Characteristics ≤ 10 seconds A Little or no delay 10.0 – 15.0 seconds B Short traffic delay 15.0 – 25.0 seconds C Average traffic delay 25.0 – 35.0 seconds D Long traffic delays 35.0 – 50.0 seconds E Very long traffic delays > 50.0 seconds F When the demand exceeds the capacity of the lane, extreme delays will be encountered, and queuing may cause severe congestion to the intersection. Source: Highway Capacity Manual, 6th Edition | A Guide for Multimodal Mobility Analysis (Transportation Research Board, 2016) Figure A-1: Control Delay and Flow Rate Source: Highway Capacity Manual 2000, Page 17-24 (Transportation Research Board, 2000) A-2 | Appendix A: Level of Service Concepts, Analysis Methodologies, & Standards of Significance Traffic Impact Study – Bozeman Apartments January 2024 City of Bozeman Access Spacing Standards To assist in promoting the long-term safe and efficient operation of its transportation network, the City of Bozeman has adopted specific access spacing standards for intersections and driveways. The adopted standards are provided in Table A-2 below. Table A-2: City of Bozeman Access Spacing Standards Access Type Average Spacing in All Districts Access Located on Arterial Streets Access Located on Collector Streets Access Located on Local Streets Partial Acess1 315’ 150’ 40’3 Ful Access2 660’ 330’ 40’3 Minimum Separation 315’ 150’ 40’ 1Partial access includes right turn in and out only. 2Full access allows all turn movements, in and out. 3Accesses on local streets must be at least 150 feet from an intersection with an arterial. Appendix B Traffic Count Data Date Count Performed:Count Time Periods: Data Collection Method:Setup Location: SEASONAL/ DAILY ADJ. FACTOR 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 INTERSECTION HOURLY START TIME LEFT THRU RIGHT U-TURN PEDS BIKES VEHICLE TOTALS LEFT THRU RIGHT U-TURN PEDS BIKES VEHICLE TOTALS LEFT THRU RIGHT U-TURN PEDS BIKES VEHICLE TOTALS LEFT THRU RIGHT U-TURN PEDS BIKES VEHICLE TOTALS VEHICLE TOTALS VOLUME 7:00 AM 0 6 2 0 0 0 8 6 1 1 0 1 0 8 1 11 6 0 1 0 18 5 6 1 0 0 0 12 46 7:15 AM 2 6 4 0 1 0 12 3 4 2 0 0 1 9 1 16 5 0 1 0 22 5 9 0 0 0 0 14 57 7:30 AM 3 12 3 0 1 1 18 4 4 6 0 1 0 14 0 19 10 0 0 0 29 9 14 0 0 0 0 23 84 7:45 AM 3 21 7 0 1 1 31 8 5 5 0 0 1 18 0 22 10 0 1 0 32 8 24 0 0 0 0 32 113 300 8:00 AM 2 12 10 0 0 0 24 7 4 5 0 0 0 16 5 26 11 0 0 0 42 8 32 0 0 0 0 40 122 376 8:15 AM 2 12 1 0 0 0 15 7 5 7 0 1 0 19 3 23 10 0 0 0 36 9 16 1 0 0 0 26 96 415 8:30 AM 0 5 3 0 0 0 8 7 7 7 0 0 0 21 5 15 9 0 1 0 29 7 13 2 0 0 0 22 80 411 8:45 AM 1 7 2 0 1 0 10 7 9 4 0 1 0 20 1 13 7 0 0 0 21 7 15 0 0 1 0 22 73 371 TOTALS 13 81 32 0 4 2 126 49 39 37 0 4 2 125 16 145 68 0 4 0 229 58 129 4 0 1 0 191 671 SEASONAL/DAILY ADJ.FACTOR 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 INTERSECTION START TIME LEFT THRU RIGHT U-TURN PEDS BIKES VEHICLE TOTALS LEFT THRU RIGHT U-TURN PEDS BIKES VEHICLE TOTALS LEFT THRU RIGHT U-TURN PEDS BIKES VEHICLE TOTALS LEFT THRU RIGHT U-TURN PEDS BIKES VEHICLE TOTALS VEHICLE TOTALS 7:30 AM 3 12 3 0 1 1 18 4 4 6 0 1 0 14 0 19 10 0 0 0 29 9 14 0 0 0 0 23 84 7:45 AM 3 21 7 0 1 1 31 8 5 5 0 0 1 18 0 22 10 0 1 0 32 8 24 0 0 0 0 32 113 8:00 AM 2 12 10 0 0 0 24 7 4 5 0 0 0 16 5 26 11 0 0 0 42 8 32 0 0 0 0 40 122 8:15 AM 2 12 1 0 0 0 15 7 5 7 0 1 0 19 3 23 10 0 0 0 36 9 16 1 0 0 0 26 96 TOTALS 10 57 21 0 2 2 88 26 18 23 0 2 1 67 8 90 41 0 1 0 139 34 86 1 0 0 0 121 415 PEAK HOUR FACTOR 0.83 0.68 0.53 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.71 0.81 0.90 0.82 0.00 0.50 0.25 0.88 0.40 0.87 0.93 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.83 0.94 0.67 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.76 0.85 % HEAVY VEHICLES 15.38%0.00%1.56%0.00%1.98%3.06%1.28%1.35%0.00%2.80%3.13%1.38%1.47%0.00%1.53%4.31%1.16%12.50%0.00%2.36%2.09% % BUSES & RVs 15.38%0.00%0.00%0.00%1.59%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.69%0.00%0.00%0.44%3.45%1.16%12.50%0.00%2.09%1.04% 1 86 34 0 0 10 23 57 18 2 2 2 1 21 26 8 90 41 1 0 Total Vehicles | Weekday, AM Peak Hour Total Pedestrians Crossing Total Bicycles Crossing NORTH 27TH AVENUE NORTH 27TH AVENUE Eastbound (From the West)Westbound (From the East)Northbound (From the South)Southbound (From the North) TSCHACHE LANE TSCHACHE LANE WEEKDAY, AM PEAK PERIOD TSCHACHE LANE TSCHACHE LANE NORTH 27TH AVENUE NORTH 27TH AVENUE Eastbound (From the West)Westbound (From the East)Northbound (From the South)Southbound (From the North) WEEKDAY, AM PEAK HOUR SUMMARY Intersection Turning Movement Count Summary North 27th Avenue & Tschache Lane Bozeman, Gallatin County, Montana Weekday, AM & PM Peak Periods Latitude: 45d41'48.48" N | Longitude: 111d04'24.56" W April 19 & 20, 2022 (Tuesday & Wednesday) Video Traffic Recorder | Unit E5-03 F:\E5 Engineering PLLC\Projects\22-0107 - N 27th + Tschache TIS\Traffic Data\Traffic Count Data\N-27th-Ave+Tschache-Ln_202204_19+20 619 Milestone Drive ● Belgrade, Montana 59714-7245 ● E5EngineeringPLLC@gmail.com ● (406) 209-3960 Page 1 of 2 | 5/5/2022 Date Count Performed:Count Time Periods: Data Collection Method:Setup Location: WEEKDAY, AM PEAK PERIOD Intersection Turning Movement Count Summary North 27th Avenue & Tschache Lane Bozeman, Gallatin County, Montana Weekday, AM & PM Peak Periods Latitude: 45d41'48.48" N | Longitude: 111d04'24.56" W April 19 & 20, 2022 (Tuesday & Wednesday) Video Traffic Recorder | Unit E5-03 SEASONAL/ DAILY ADJ. FACTOR 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 INTERSECTION HOURLY START TIME LEFT THRU RIGHT U-TURN PEDS BIKES VEHICLE TOTALS LEFT THRU RIGHT U-TURN PEDS BIKES VEHICLE TOTALS LEFT THRU RIGHT U-TURN PEDS BIKES VEHICLE TOTALS LEFT THRU RIGHT U-TURN PEDS BIKES VEHICLE TOTALS VEHICLE TOTALS VOLUME 4:00 PM 2 4 3 0 1 0 9 17 9 12 0 1 0 38 1 18 8 0 0 0 27 7 21 1 0 1 0 29 103 4:15 PM 1 6 2 0 0 1 9 11 12 11 0 0 0 34 1 17 6 0 0 0 24 3 22 1 0 1 0 26 93 4:30 PM 2 6 3 0 0 0 11 12 12 10 0 0 0 34 3 21 9 0 1 0 33 9 21 3 0 0 0 33 111 4:45 PM 2 7 2 0 0 0 11 12 9 7 0 0 1 28 3 25 15 0 1 1 43 4 21 2 0 0 0 27 109 416 5:00 PM 1 5 2 0 2 0 8 17 20 12 0 0 0 49 4 21 5 0 2 1 30 5 23 0 0 0 0 28 115 428 5:15 PM 1 8 5 0 1 1 14 16 17 9 0 0 0 42 4 24 10 0 1 1 38 7 28 3 0 0 1 38 132 467 5:30 PM 0 8 1 0 4 1 9 16 12 13 0 1 1 41 6 21 7 0 2 0 34 7 29 2 0 0 1 38 122 478 5:45 PM 1 10 3 0 2 1 14 12 11 10 0 1 0 33 3 22 7 0 1 0 32 6 21 3 0 0 0 30 109 478 TOTALS 10 54 21 0 10 4 85 113 102 84 0 3 2 299 25 169 67 0 8 3 261 48 186 15 0 2 2 249 894 SEASONAL/DAILY ADJ.FACTOR 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 INTERSECTION START TIME LEFT THRU RIGHT U-TURN PEDS BIKES VEHICLE TOTALS LEFT THRU RIGHT U-TURN PEDS BIKES VEHICLE TOTALS LEFT THRU RIGHT U-TURN PEDS BIKES VEHICLE TOTALS LEFT THRU RIGHT U-TURN PEDS BIKES VEHICLE TOTALS VEHICLE TOTALS 4:45 PM 2 7 2 0 0 0 11 12 9 7 0 0 1 28 3 25 15 0 1 1 43 4 21 2 0 0 0 27 109 5:00 PM 1 5 2 0 2 0 8 17 20 12 0 0 0 49 4 21 5 0 2 1 30 5 23 0 0 0 0 28 115 5:15 PM 1 8 5 0 1 1 14 16 17 9 0 0 0 42 4 24 10 0 1 1 38 7 28 3 0 0 1 38 132 5:30 PM 0 8 1 0 4 1 9 16 12 13 0 1 1 41 6 21 7 0 2 0 34 7 29 2 0 0 1 38 122 TOTALS 4 28 10 0 7 2 42 61 58 41 0 1 2 160 17 91 37 0 6 3 145 23 101 7 0 0 2 131 478 PEAK HOUR FACTOR 0.50 0.88 0.50 0.00 0.44 0.50 0.75 0.90 0.73 0.79 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.82 0.71 0.91 0.62 0.00 0.75 0.75 0.84 0.82 0.87 0.58 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.86 0.91 % HEAVY VEHICLES 10.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%4.12%1.77%0.49%1.79%0.00%1.84%0.00%0.89%0.75%0.00%1.53%5.21%0.27%0.00%0.00%1.81%1.96% % BUSES & RVs 10.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%1.18%0.44%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.17%0.00%0.59%0.00%0.00%0.38%4.17%0.00%0.00%0.00%0.80%0.50% 7 101 23 0 2 4 41 28 58 7 1 2 2 10 61 17 91 37 6 3 Total Vehicles | Weekday, PM Peak Hour Total Pedestrians Crossing Total Bicycles Crossing Eastbound (From the West)Westbound (From the East)Northbound (From the South)Southbound (From the North) Eastbound (From the West)Westbound (From the East)Northbound (From the South)Southbound (From the North) WEEKDAY, PM PEAK HOUR SUMMARY TSCHACHE LANE TSCHACHE LANE NORTH 27TH AVENUE NORTH 27TH AVENUE WEEKDAY, PM PEAK PERIOD TSCHACHE LANE TSCHACHE LANE NORTH 27TH AVENUE NORTH 27TH AVENUE F:\E5 Engineering PLLC\Projects\22-0107 - N 27th + Tschache TIS\Traffic Data\Traffic Count Data\N-27th-Ave+Tschache-Ln_202204_19+20 619 Milestone Drive ● Belgrade, Montana 59714-7245 ● E5EngineeringPLLC@gmail.com ● (406) 209-3960 Page 2 of 2 | 5/5/2022 Appendix C Trip Generation Analyses ITE Land Use Code Quantity 1Units Enter Exit Total Enter Exit Total Enter Exit Total Apartments | Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise)221 112 DU Total Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends 244 244 488 9 29 38 27 18 45 Total Estimated Walk, Bike, and/or Transit Trip Ends 2 5 7 4 4 8 Total Residential =112 DU Total Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends =244 244 488 9 29 38 27 18 45 Total Estimated Walk, Bike, & Transit Trip Ends =2 5 7 4 4 8 1Units: DU = Dwelling Units ITE Land Use Code 221: Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise)| Setting/Location = General Urban/Suburban | Not Close to Rail Transit Trip Ends Analysis Case Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends On a Weekday 50%Entering 50%Exiting Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends On a Weekday, Peak Hour of Adjacent Street Traffic, One Hour Between 7:00 and 9:00 a.m. 23%Entering 77%Exiting Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends On a Weekday, Peak Hour of Adjacent Street Traffic, One Hour Between 4:00 and 6:00 p.m. 61%Entering 39%Exiting Estimated Walk, Bike, & Transit Trip Ends On a Weekday, Peak Hour of Adjacent Street Traffic, One Hour Between 7:00 and 9:00 a.m. 27%Entering 73%Exiting Estimated Walk, Bike, & Transit Trip Ends On a Weekday, Peak Hour of Adjacent Street Traffic, One Hour Between 4:00 and 6:00 p.m. 55%Entering 45%Exiting Source: Institute of Transportation Engineers - Trip Generation Manual, 11th Edition (2021). T = 0.06X T = Estimated Walk, Bike, & Transit Trip Ends X = Dwelling Units N/A Average Rate Utilized T = 0.07X T = Estimated Walk, Bike, & Transit Trip Ends X = Dwelling Units N/A Average Rate Utilized T = 4.77(X) - 46.46 T = Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends X = Dwelling Units R2 = 0.93 T = 0.44(X) - 11.61 T = Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends X = Dwelling Units R2 = 0.91 T = 0.39(X) + 0.34 T = Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends X = Dwelling Units R2 = 0.91 Estimated Trip Generation Summary Bozeman Apartments Development Estimated Trip Ends Analysis Equation Directional Distribution R2 Value Estimated Weekday Trip Ends Estimated Weekday, AM Peak Hour Trip Ends Estimated Weekday, PM Peak Hour Trip Ends E:\E5 Engineering PLLC\Projects\23-0108 Bozeman Apartments\Traffic Forecasting\Estimated-Trip-Gen_Bozeman-Apts Page 1 of 1 ITE Land Use Code Quantity 1Units Enter Exit Total Enter Exit Total Enter Exit Total Apartments | Multifamily Housing (Low-Rise)220 216 DU Total Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends 730 730 1,460 22 68 90 54 31 85 Total Estimated Walk, Bike, and/or Transit Trip Ends 3 4 7 4 3 7 Total Residential =216 DU Total Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends =730 730 1,460 22 68 90 54 31 85 Total Estimated Walk, Bike, & Transit Trip Ends =3 4 7 4 3 7 1Units: DU = Dwelling Units ITE Land Use Code 220: Multifamily Housing (Low-Rise)| Setting/Location = General Urban/Suburban | Not Close to Rail Transit Trip Ends Analysis Case Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends On a Weekday 50%Entering 50%Exiting Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends On a Weekday, Peak Hour of Adjacent Street Traffic, One Hour Between 7:00 and 9:00 a.m. 24%Entering 76%Exiting Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends On a Weekday, Peak Hour of Adjacent Street Traffic, One Hour Between 4:00 and 6:00 p.m. 63%Entering 37%Exiting Estimated Walk, Bike, & Transit Trip Ends On a Weekday, Peak Hour of Adjacent Street Traffic, One Hour Between 7:00 and 9:00 a.m. 43%Entering 57%Exiting Estimated Walk, Bike, & Transit Trip Ends On a Weekday, Peak Hour of Adjacent Street Traffic, One Hour Between 4:00 and 6:00 p.m. 50%Entering 50%Exiting Source: Institute of Transportation Engineers - Trip Generation Manual, 11th Edition (2021). Estimated Trip Generation Summary Avion Apartments Development Estimated Trip Ends Analysis Equation Directional Distribution R2 Value Estimated Weekday Trip Ends Estimated Weekday, AM Peak Hour Trip Ends Estimated Weekday, PM Peak Hour Trip Ends T = 0.03X T = Estimated Walk, Bike, & Transit Trip Ends X = Dwelling Units N/A Average Rate Utilized T = 0.03X T = Estimated Walk, Bike, & Transit Trip Ends X = Dwelling Units N/A Average Rate Utilized T = 6.41(X) + 75.31 T = Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends X = Dwelling Units R2 = 0.86 T = 0.31(X) + 22.85 T = Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends X = Dwelling Units R2 = 0.79 T = 0.43(X) + 20.55 T = Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends X = Dwelling Units R2 = 0.84 E:\E5 Engineering PLLC\Projects\23-0108 Bozeman Apartments\Traffic Forecasting\Estimated-Trip-Gen_Avion-Apts Page 1 of 1 ITE Land Use Code Quantity 1Units Enter Exit Total Enter Exit Total Enter Exit Total Single Family Detached Housing 210 3 DU Total Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends 15 15 30 1 2 3 2 1 3 Total Estimated Walk and/or Bike Trip Ends 1 0 1 0 1 1 Rowhouses | Single Family Attached Housing 215 46 DU Total Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends 151 151 302 6 13 19 14 10 24 Total Estimated Walk and/or Bike Transit Trip Ends 5 1 6 3 6 9 Apartments | Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise)221 294 DU Total Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends 678 678 1,356 27 91 118 70 45 115 Total Estimated Walk and/or Bike Trip Ends 5 13 18 12 9 21 Total Residential =343 DU Total Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends =844 844 1,688 34 106 140 86 56 142 Total Estimated Walk, Bike, & Transit Trip Ends =11 14 25 15 16 31 1Units: DU = Dwelling Units Estimated Weekday Trip Ends Estimated Weekday, AM Peak Hour Trip Ends Estimated Weekday, PM Peak Hour Trip Ends Estimated Trip Generation Summary 2695 Tschache Lane Development E:\E5 Engineering PLLC\Projects\23-0108 Bozeman Apartments\Traffic Forecasting\Estimated-Trip-Gen_2695-Tschache-Dev Page 1 of 2 ITE Land Use Code 210: Single-Family Detached Housing| Setting/Location = General Urban/Suburban Trip Ends Analysis Case Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends On a Weekday 50%Entering 50%Exiting Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends On a Weekday, Peak Hour of Adjacent Street Traffic, One Hour Between 7:00 and 9:00 a.m. 26%Entering 74%Exiting Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends On a Weekday, Peak Hour of Adjacent Street Traffic, One Hour Between 4:00 and 6:00 p.m. 63%Entering 37%Exiting Estimated Walk, Bike, & Transit Trip Ends On a Weekday, Peak Hour of Adjacent Street Traffic, One Hour Between 7:00 and 9:00 a.m. 75%Entering 25%Exiting Estimated Walk, Bike, & Transit Trip Ends On a Weekday, Peak Hour of Adjacent Street Traffic, One Hour Between 4:00 and 6:00 p.m. 38%Entering 62%Exiting ITE Land Use Code 215: Single-Family Attached Housing| Setting/Location = General Urban/Suburban Trip Ends Analysis Case Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends On a Weekday 50%Entering 50%Exiting Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends On a Weekday, Peak Hour of Adjacent Street Traffic, One Hour Between 7:00 and 9:00 a.m. 31%Entering 69%Exiting Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends On a Weekday, Peak Hour of Adjacent Street Traffic, One Hour Between 4:00 and 6:00 p.m. 57%Entering 43%Exiting Estimated Walk, Bike, & Transit Trip Ends On a Weekday, Peak Hour of Adjacent Street Traffic, One Hour Between 7:00 and 9:00 a.m. 75%Entering 25%Exiting Estimated Walk, Bike, & Transit Trip Ends On a Weekday, Peak Hour of Adjacent Street Traffic, One Hour Between 4:00 and 6:00 p.m. 38%Entering 62%Exiting ITE Land Use Code 221: Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise)| Setting/Location = General Urban/Suburban Trip Ends Analysis Case Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends On a Weekday 50%Entering 50%Exiting Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends On a Weekday, Peak Hour of Adjacent Street Traffic, One Hour Between 7:00 and 9:00 a.m. 23%Entering 77%Exiting Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends On a Weekday, Peak Hour of Adjacent Street Traffic, One Hour Between 4:00 and 6:00 p.m. 61%Entering 39%Exiting Estimated Walk, Bike, & Transit Trip Ends On a Weekday, Peak Hour of Adjacent Street Traffic, One Hour Between 7:00 and 9:00 a.m. 27%Entering 73%Exiting Estimated Walk, Bike, & Transit Trip Ends On a Weekday, Peak Hour of Adjacent Street Traffic, One Hour Between 4:00 and 6:00 p.m. 55%Entering 45%Exiting Source: Institute of Transportation Engineers - Trip Generation Manual, 11th Edition (2021). T = 0.18(X) T = Estimated Walk, Bike, & Transit Trip Ends X = Dwelling Units N/A Assumed Rate Utilized Estimated Trip Ends Analysis Equation Directional Distribution R2 Value T = 0.70(X) T = Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends X = Dwelling Units N/A Average Rate Utilized T = 0.94(X) T = Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends X = Dwelling Units N/A Average Rate Utilized T = 0.11(X) T = Estimated Walk, Bike, & Transit Trip Ends X = Dwelling Units N/A Assumed Rate Utilized Estimated Trip Ends Analysis Equation Directional Distribution R2 Value T = 9.43(X) T = Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends X = Dwelling Units N/A Average Rate Utilized T = 0.06X T = Estimated Walk, Bike, & Transit Trip Ends X = Dwelling Units N/A Average Rate Utilized T = 0.07X T = Estimated Walk, Bike, & Transit Trip Ends X = Dwelling Units N/A Average Rate Utilized T = 4.77(X) - 46.46 T = Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends X = Dwelling Units R2 = 0.93 T = 0.44(X) - 11.61 T = Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends X = Dwelling Units R2 = 0.91 T = 0.39(X) + 0.34 T = Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends X = Dwelling Units R2 = 0.91 Estimated Trip Ends Analysis Equation Directional Distribution R2 Value T = 7.62(X) - 50.48 T = Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends X = Dwelling Units R2 = 0.94 T = 0.52(X) - 5.70 T = Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends X = Dwelling Units R2 = 0.92 T = 0.60(X) - 3.93 T = Estimated Vehicle Trip Ends X = Dwelling Units R2 = 0.91 T = 0.11X T = Estimated Walk, Bike, & Transit Trip Ends X = Dwelling Units N/A Average Rate Utilized T = 0.18X T = Estimated Walk, Bike, & Transit Trip Ends X = Dwelling Units N/A Average Rate Utilized E:\E5 Engineering PLLC\Projects\23-0108 Bozeman Apartments\Traffic Forecasting\Estimated-Trip-Gen_2695-Tschache-Dev Page 2 of 2 Appendix E Appendix D Capacity & Level-of-Service (LOS) Analyses Traffic Analysis Scenario Control Performance Measure NB LTR SB LTR EB LTR WB LTR Level of Service (LOS)A B A A B B Delay (sec/veh)9.3 12.2 7.5 7.6 12.3 12.0 Entry Volume (veh/hr)418 155 140 123 88 67 Ped + Bike Volume (ped+bike/hr)8 7 1 0 4 3 Volume-to-Capacity Ratio (v/c)0.07 0.15 0.01 0.03 0.17 0.13 HCM 95% Max Queue Length (veh)0.0 0.1 0.6 0.5 HCM 95% Max Queue Length (ft)0 25 25 25 Available Queue Storage (ft)400 410 200 240 Level of Service (LOS)B C A A C C Delay (sec/veh)10.4 16.1 7.6 8.0 15.5 16.7 Entry Volume (veh/hr)594 184 216 194 91 93 Ped + Bike Volume (ped+bike/hr)20 18 2 0 8 10 Volume-to-Capacity Ratio (v/c)0.10 0.25 0.01 0.05 0.24 0.26 HCM 95% Max Queue Length (veh)0.0 0.2 0.9 1.0 HCM 95% Max Queue Length (ft)0 25 25 25 Available Queue Storage (ft)400 410 200 240 Level of Service (LOS)B C A A C C Delay (sec/veh)10.4 16.3 7.6 8.0 15.8 16.8 Entry Volume (veh/hr)607 189 221 197 91 98 Ped + Bike Volume (ped+bike/hr)19 15 2 2 6 9 Volume-to-Capacity Ratio (v/c)0.10 0.26 0.01 0.06 0.24 0.28 HCM 95% Max Queue Length (veh)0.0 0.2 0.9 1.1 HCM 95% Max Queue Length (ft)0 25 25 28 Available Queue Storage (ft)400 410 200 240 EB = Eastbound; WB = Westbound; NB = Northbound; and SB = Southbound LTR = Left-Thru-Right XXX = Queue length exceeds available queue storage Average intersection delay and volume-to-capacity ratio for minor approach(es) is a weighted average provided for reference purposes. The Highway Capacity Manual, 7th Edition: A Guide for Multimodal Mobility Analysis does not define overall average delay for the intersection as a whole for two-way or single approach stop-controlled intersections. A design vehicle length of twenty-five feet (25 ft) is used in the queue length calculations. 2028 Total Traffic Conditions EB & WB Stop Controlled Intersection Operations Summary Weekday, AM Peak Hour Tschache LaneIntersection Operations Total Minor Approach(es) North 27th Avenue North 27th Avenue Tschache Lane 2022 Traffic Conditions EB & WB Stop Controlled North 27th Avenue & Tschache Lane 2028 Background Traffic Conditions EB & WB Stop Controlled Page 1 of 2 E:\E5 Engineering PLLC\Projects\23-0108 Bozeman Apartments\Capacity & LOS Analyses\Int-01_Ops-Summary_27th+Tschache Traffic Analysis Scenario Control Performance Measure NB LTR SB LTR EB LTR WB LTR Level of Service (LOS)A B A A B B Delay (sec/veh)9.9 13.2 7.5 7.6 11.8 13.6 Entry Volume (veh/hr)493 206 145 142 42 164 Ped + Bike Volume (ped+bike/hr)23 12 9 2 9 3 Volume-to-Capacity Ratio (v/c)0.12 0.26 0.01 0.02 0.08 0.30 HCM 95% Max Queue Length (veh)0.0 0.1 0.3 1.3 HCM 95% Max Queue Length (ft)0 25 25 33 Available Queue Storage (ft)400 410 200 240 Level of Service (LOS)B C A A B C Delay (sec/veh)12.8 21.0 7.7 7.9 14.1 22.3 Entry Volume (veh/hr)695 262 220 213 43 219 Ped + Bike Volume (ped+bike/hr)49 29 16 4 16 13 Volume-to-Capacity Ratio (v/c)0.19 0.47 0.01 0.03 0.11 0.54 HCM 95% Max Queue Length (veh)0.0 0.1 0.4 3.2 HCM 95% Max Queue Length (ft)0 25 25 80 Available Queue Storage (ft)400 410 200 240 Level of Service (LOS)B C A A B C Delay (sec/veh)13.2 22.2 7.7 7.9 14.5 23.7 Entry Volume (veh/hr)710 265 224 221 43 222 Ped + Bike Volume (ped+bike/hr)51 31 16 4 16 15 Volume-to-Capacity Ratio (v/c)0.20 0.50 0.01 0.04 0.11 0.57 HCM 95% Max Queue Length (veh)0.0 0.1 0.4 3.4 HCM 95% Max Queue Length (ft)0 25 25 85 Available Queue Storage (ft)400 410 200 240 EB = Eastbound; WB = Westbound; NB = Northbound; and SB = Southbound LTR = Left-Thru-Right XXX = Queue length exceeds available queue storage Average intersection delay and volume-to-capacity ratio for minor approach(es) is a weighted average provided for reference purposes. The Highway Capacity Manual, 7th Edition: A Guide for Multimodal Mobility Analysis does not define overall average delay for the intersection as a whole for two-way or single approach stop-controlled intersections. A design vehicle length of twenty-five feet (25 ft) is used in the queue length calculations. Intersection Operations Summary North 27th Avenue & Tschache Lane Weekday, PM Peak Hour Intersection Operations North 27th Avenue North 27th Avenue Tschache Lane Tschache Lane Total Minor Approach(es) 2028 Total Traffic Conditions EB & WB Stop Controlled 2022 Traffic Conditions EB & WB Stop Controlled 2028 Background Traffic Conditions EB & WB Stop Controlled Page 2 of 2 E:\E5 Engineering PLLC\Projects\23-0108 Bozeman Apartments\Capacity & LOS Analyses\Int-01_Ops-Summary_27th+Tschache HCS Two-Way Stop-Control Report General Information Site Information Analyst T. Eastwood Intersection N 27th Ave & Tschache Agency/Co.E5 Engineering, PLLC Jurisdiction City of Bozeman Date Performed 4/20/2022 East/West Street Tschache Lane Analysis Year 2022 North/South Street North 27th Avenue Time Analyzed Weekday, AM Peak Hour Peak Hour Factor 0.85 Intersection Orientation North-South Analysis Time Period (hrs)0.25 Project Description Bozeman Apartments TIS | Existing Conditions Lanes Major Street: North-South Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments Approach Eastbound Westbound Northbound Southbound Movement U L T R U L T R U L T R U L T R Priority 10 11 12 7 8 9 1U 1 2 3 4U 4 5 6 Number of Lanes 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 Configuration LTR LTR LTR LTR Volume (veh/h)10 57 21 26 18 23 8 91 41 34 88 1 Percent Heavy Vehicles (%)15 0 2 3 1 1 3 4 Proportion Time Blocked Percent Grade (%)0 0 Right Turn Channelized Median Type | Storage Undivided Critical and Follow-up Headways Base Critical Headway (sec)7.1 6.5 6.2 7.1 6.5 6.2 4.1 4.1 Critical Headway (sec)7.25 6.50 6.22 7.13 6.51 6.21 4.13 4.14 Base Follow-Up Headway (sec)3.5 4.0 3.3 3.5 4.0 3.3 2.2 2.2 Follow-Up Headway (sec)3.64 4.00 3.32 3.53 4.01 3.31 2.23 2.24 Delay, Queue Length, and Level of Service Flow Rate, v (veh/h)104 79 9 40 Capacity, c (veh/h)598 596 1470 1405 v/c Ratio 0.17 0.13 0.01 0.03 95% Queue Length, Q₉₅ (veh)0.6 0.5 0.0 0.1 Control Delay (s/veh)12.3 12.0 7.5 0.1 0.1 7.6 0.2 0.2 Level of Service (LOS)B B A A A A A A Approach Delay (s/veh)12.3 12.0 0.5 2.3 Approach LOS B B A A Copyright © 2024 University of Florida. All Rights Reserved. HCS™TWSC Version 2023 Generated: 1/5/2024 9:18:25 PM27th+Tschache_AM_2022-Ex.xtw HCS Two-Way Stop-Control Report General Information Site Information Analyst T. Eastwood Intersection N 27th Ave & Tschache Agency/Co.E5 Engineering, PLLC Jurisdiction City of Bozeman Date Performed 4/20/2022 East/West Street Tschache Lane Analysis Year 2022 North/South Street North 27th Avenue Time Analyzed Weekday, PM Peak Hour Peak Hour Factor 0.91 Intersection Orientation North-South Analysis Time Period (hrs)0.25 Project Description Bozeman Apartments TIS | Existing Conditions Lanes Major Street: North-South Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments Approach Eastbound Westbound Northbound Southbound Movement U L T R U L T R U L T R U L T R Priority 10 11 12 7 8 9 1U 1 2 3 4U 4 5 6 Number of Lanes 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 Configuration LTR LTR LTR LTR Volume (veh/h)4 28 10 63 59 42 17 91 37 26 109 7 Percent Heavy Vehicles (%)10 0 0 2 1 2 0 5 Proportion Time Blocked Percent Grade (%)0 0 Right Turn Channelized Median Type | Storage Undivided Critical and Follow-up Headways Base Critical Headway (sec)7.1 6.5 6.2 7.1 6.5 6.2 4.1 4.1 Critical Headway (sec)7.20 6.50 6.20 7.12 6.51 6.22 4.10 4.15 Base Follow-Up Headway (sec)3.5 4.0 3.3 3.5 4.0 3.3 2.2 2.2 Follow-Up Headway (sec)3.59 4.00 3.30 3.52 4.01 3.32 2.20 2.25 Delay, Queue Length, and Level of Service Flow Rate, v (veh/h)46 180 19 29 Capacity, c (veh/h)579 600 1448 1417 v/c Ratio 0.08 0.30 0.01 0.02 95% Queue Length, Q₉₅ (veh)0.3 1.3 0.0 0.1 Control Delay (s/veh)11.8 13.6 7.5 0.1 0.1 7.6 0.2 0.2 Level of Service (LOS)B B A A A A A A Approach Delay (s/veh)11.8 13.6 1.0 1.5 Approach LOS B B A A Copyright © 2024 University of Florida. All Rights Reserved. HCS™TWSC Version 2023 Generated: 1/5/2024 9:21:58 PM27th+Tschache_PM_2022-Ex.xtw HCS Two-Way Stop-Control Report General Information Site Information Analyst T. Eastwood Intersection N 27th Ave & Tschache Agency/Co.E5 Engineering, PLLC Jurisdiction City of Bozeman Date Performed 1/5/2024 East/West Street Tschache Lane Analysis Year 2028 North/South Street North 27th Avenue Time Analyzed Weekday, AM Peak Hour Peak Hour Factor 0.85 Intersection Orientation North-South Analysis Time Period (hrs)0.25 Project Description Bozeman Apartments TIS | Est. Background Traffic Lanes Major Street: North-South Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments Approach Eastbound Westbound Northbound Southbound Movement U L T R U L T R U L T R U L T R Priority 10 11 12 7 8 9 1U 1 2 3 4U 4 5 6 Number of Lanes 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 Configuration LTR LTR LTR LTR Volume (veh/h)10 59 22 46 19 28 8 137 71 58 135 1 Percent Heavy Vehicles (%)15 0 2 3 1 1 3 4 Proportion Time Blocked Percent Grade (%)0 0 Right Turn Channelized Median Type | Storage Undivided Critical and Follow-up Headways Base Critical Headway (sec)7.1 6.5 6.2 7.1 6.5 6.2 4.1 4.1 Critical Headway (sec)7.25 6.50 6.22 7.13 6.51 6.21 4.13 4.14 Base Follow-Up Headway (sec)3.5 4.0 3.3 3.5 4.0 3.3 2.2 2.2 Follow-Up Headway (sec)3.64 4.00 3.32 3.53 4.01 3.31 2.23 2.24 Delay, Queue Length, and Level of Service Flow Rate, v (veh/h)107 109 9 68 Capacity, c (veh/h)449 418 1393 1286 v/c Ratio 0.24 0.26 0.01 0.05 95% Queue Length, Q₉₅ (veh)0.9 1.0 0.0 0.2 Control Delay (s/veh)15.5 16.7 7.6 0.1 0.1 8.0 0.5 0.5 Level of Service (LOS)C C A A A A A A Approach Delay (s/veh)15.5 16.7 0.3 2.7 Approach LOS C C A A Copyright © 2024 University of Florida. All Rights Reserved. HCS™TWSC Version 2023 Generated: 1/5/2024 10:39:05 PM27th+Tschache_AM_2028-Bkgnd.xtw HCS Two-Way Stop-Control Report General Information Site Information Analyst T. Eastwood Intersection N 27th Ave & Tschache Agency/Co.E5 Engineering, PLLC Jurisdiction City of Bozeman Date Performed 1/5/2024 East/West Street Tschache Lane Analysis Year 2028 North/South Street North 27th Avenue Time Analyzed Weekday, PM Peak Hour Peak Hour Factor 0.91 Intersection Orientation North-South Analysis Time Period (hrs)0.25 Project Description Bozeman Apartments TIS | Est. Background Traffic Lanes Major Street: North-South Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments Approach Eastbound Westbound Northbound Southbound Movement U L T R U L T R U L T R U L T R Priority 10 11 12 7 8 9 1U 1 2 3 4U 4 5 6 Number of Lanes 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 Configuration LTR LTR LTR LTR Volume (veh/h)4 29 10 112 61 46 18 138 64 40 166 7 Percent Heavy Vehicles (%)10 0 0 2 1 2 0 5 Proportion Time Blocked Percent Grade (%)0 0 Right Turn Channelized Median Type | Storage Undivided Critical and Follow-up Headways Base Critical Headway (sec)7.1 6.5 6.2 7.1 6.5 6.2 4.1 4.1 Critical Headway (sec)7.20 6.50 6.20 7.12 6.51 6.22 4.10 4.15 Base Follow-Up Headway (sec)3.5 4.0 3.3 3.5 4.0 3.3 2.2 2.2 Follow-Up Headway (sec)3.59 4.00 3.30 3.52 4.01 3.32 2.20 2.25 Delay, Queue Length, and Level of Service Flow Rate, v (veh/h)47 241 20 44 Capacity, c (veh/h)441 444 1356 1299 v/c Ratio 0.11 0.54 0.01 0.03 95% Queue Length, Q₉₅ (veh)0.4 3.2 0.0 0.1 Control Delay (s/veh)14.1 22.3 7.7 0.1 0.1 7.9 0.3 0.3 Level of Service (LOS)B C A A A A A A Approach Delay (s/veh)14.1 22.3 0.7 1.7 Approach LOS B C A A Copyright © 2024 University of Florida. All Rights Reserved. HCS™TWSC Version 2023 Generated: 1/5/2024 10:41:50 PM27th+Tschache_PM_2028-Bkgnd.xtw HCS Two-Way Stop-Control Report General Information Site Information Analyst T. Eastwood Intersection N 27th Ave & Tschache Agency/Co.E5 Engineering, PLLC Jurisdiction City of Bozeman Date Performed 1/5/2024 East/West Street Tschache Lane Analysis Year 2028 North/South Street North 27th Avenue Time Analyzed Weekday, AM Peak Hour Peak Hour Factor 0.85 Intersection Orientation North-South Analysis Time Period (hrs)0.25 Project Description Bozeman Apartments TIS | Estimated Total Traffic Lanes Major Street: North-South Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments Approach Eastbound Westbound Northbound Southbound Movement U L T R U L T R U L T R U L T R Priority 10 11 12 7 8 9 1U 1 2 3 4U 4 5 6 Number of Lanes 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 Configuration LTR LTR LTR LTR Volume (veh/h)10 59 22 46 19 33 8 140 73 60 136 1 Percent Heavy Vehicles (%)15 0 2 3 1 2 3 4 Proportion Time Blocked Percent Grade (%)0 0 Right Turn Channelized Median Type | Storage Undivided Critical and Follow-up Headways Base Critical Headway (sec)7.1 6.5 6.2 7.1 6.5 6.2 4.1 4.1 Critical Headway (sec)7.25 6.50 6.22 7.13 6.51 6.22 4.13 4.14 Base Follow-Up Headway (sec)3.5 4.0 3.3 3.5 4.0 3.3 2.2 2.2 Follow-Up Headway (sec)3.64 4.00 3.32 3.53 4.01 3.32 2.23 2.24 Delay, Queue Length, and Level of Service Flow Rate, v (veh/h)107 115 9 71 Capacity, c (veh/h)440 419 1392 1275 v/c Ratio 0.24 0.28 0.01 0.06 95% Queue Length, Q₉₅ (veh)0.9 1.1 0.0 0.2 Control Delay (s/veh)15.8 16.8 7.6 0.1 0.1 8.0 0.5 0.5 Level of Service (LOS)C C A A A A A A Approach Delay (s/veh)15.8 16.8 0.3 2.8 Approach LOS C C A A Copyright © 2024 University of Florida. All Rights Reserved. HCS™TWSC Version 2023 Generated: 1/5/2024 11:39:24 PM27th+Tschache_AM_2028-Total.xtw HCS Two-Way Stop-Control Report General Information Site Information Analyst T. Eastwood Intersection N 27th Ave & Tschache Agency/Co.E5 Engineering, PLLC Jurisdiction City of Bozeman Date Performed 1/5/2024 East/West Street Tschache Lane Analysis Year 2028 North/South Street North 27th Avenue Time Analyzed Weekday, PM Peak Hour Peak Hour Factor 0.91 Intersection Orientation North-South Analysis Time Period (hrs)0.25 Project Description Bozeman Apartments TIS | Estimated Total Traffic Lanes Major Street: North-South Vehicle Volumes and Adjustments Approach Eastbound Westbound Northbound Southbound Movement U L T R U L T R U L T R U L T R Priority 10 11 12 7 8 9 1U 1 2 3 4U 4 5 6 Number of Lanes 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 Configuration LTR LTR LTR LTR Volume (veh/h)4 29 10 112 61 49 18 140 66 46 168 7 Percent Heavy Vehicles (%)10 0 0 2 1 2 0 5 Proportion Time Blocked Percent Grade (%)0 0 Right Turn Channelized Median Type | Storage Undivided Critical and Follow-up Headways Base Critical Headway (sec)7.1 6.5 6.2 7.1 6.5 6.2 4.1 4.1 Critical Headway (sec)7.20 6.50 6.20 7.12 6.51 6.22 4.10 4.15 Base Follow-Up Headway (sec)3.5 4.0 3.3 3.5 4.0 3.3 2.2 2.2 Follow-Up Headway (sec)3.59 4.00 3.30 3.52 4.01 3.32 2.20 2.25 Delay, Queue Length, and Level of Service Flow Rate, v (veh/h)47 244 20 51 Capacity, c (veh/h)427 431 1354 1289 v/c Ratio 0.11 0.57 0.01 0.04 95% Queue Length, Q₉₅ (veh)0.4 3.4 0.0 0.1 Control Delay (s/veh)14.5 23.7 7.7 0.1 0.1 7.9 0.3 0.3 Level of Service (LOS)B C A A A A A A Approach Delay (s/veh)14.5 23.7 0.7 1.9 Approach LOS B C A A Copyright © 2024 University of Florida. All Rights Reserved. HCS™TWSC Version 2023 Generated: 1/5/2024 11:44:25 PM27th+Tschache_PM_2028-Total.xtw 619 Milestone Drive ● Belgrade, Montana 59714 ● (406) 209-3960 ● E5EngineeringPLLC@gmail.com