Loading...
The URL can be used to link to this page
Your browser does not support the video tag.
Home
My WebLink
About
017 - Appendix O - Wastewater Design Report
N:\6916\004 - Turnrow Preliminary Plat\04 Design\Reports\Wastewater\Preliminary Wastewater Report\6916.004_PreliminaryWastewaterDesignReport.docx Table of Contents 1 PROBLEM DEFINED (DEQ 11.11) ...................................................................................................... 1 2 DESIGN CONDITIONS (DEQ 11.12) ................................................................................................... 2 3 IMPACT ON EXISTING WASTEWATER FACILITIES (11.13) ............................................................ 4 4 PROJECT DESCRIPTION (11.14) ....................................................................................................... 4 5 DRAWINGS (11.15) .............................................................................................................................. 4 6 DESIGN CRITERIA (11.16) .................................................................................................................. 4 7 SITE INFORMATION (11.17) ............................................................................................................... 6 8 ALTERNATIVE SELECTION/ANALYSIS (11.18) ................................................................................ 6 9 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS (11.19) ................................................................................................. 6 APPENDICES Appendix A Vicinity Map Appendix B Distribution System Map (City of Bozeman GIS Infrastructure Viewer) Appendix C NRCS Soils Report Appendix D Water and Sewer Layout Appendix E Infrastructure Phasing Exhibit Appendix F RE: Valley Center LS Email from HDR Written By: RSN Checked By: MEE, LRH Approved By: JAU Project No.: 6916.004 1 Turnrow Subdivision Preliminary Wastewater System Design Report EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The proposed Turnrow Subdivision encompasses a total of 114.69 acres and is generally located at the southwest corner of Valley Center Road and Davis Lane. The property is within the boundaries of the City of Bozeman, Montana and was annexed in September of 2022. The property has undergone a zone map amendment and is now classified as REMU (Residential Emphasis Mixed Use) zoning. See the vicinity map (Exhibit A) for additional location details. The following is the legal description for the property: Three parcels of land as described in 2 warranty deeds; includes parcel 1 and parcel 2 in warranty deed filed under document number 2736653, and the parcel described in a warranty deed filed under document number 2736654; situated in the NE ¼ of Section 27, Township 1 South, Range 5 East, Principal Meridian, Gallatin County, Montana. The property has historically been utilized for agricultural purposes but has been inactive recently. Groundwater is relatively deep based on test pits and groundwater monitoring. This design report provides a basis of design for the sewer collection system for Turnrow Subdivision. The sewer collection system will be designed and installed in accordance with the Montana Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) Circular No. 2; Montana Public Works Standard Specifications (MPWSS); The City of Bozeman Modifications to MPWSS; City of Bozeman Design Standards and Specifications Policy March of 2004, and all Addenda; and the City of Bozeman Wastewater Facility Plan. The following design report follows the section numbering of the Circular DEQ-2 Standards for Public Sewage Systems, 2018. 1 PROBLEM DEFINED (DEQ 11.11) The purpose of this design report is to quantify the anticipated sewer flows from the Turnrow Subdivision and provide preliminary sizing for the proposed sewer infrastructure. Sewer collection for the project will consist of sewer mains located in the rights-of-way or easements and individual services provided to each property or building location (if known). The project will be developed in phases. Currently, Phase 1 will consist of 8” sewer mains flowing into two 10” sewer mains, eventually merging into a 12” sewer main, and then connecting to an 18” sewer main flowing into an existing 27” sewer main along Davis Lane. A 12” force main will also be stubbed out through Block 1 of Phase 1 and connect to the 18” sewer main at a proposed manhole. Subsequent phases of the project will consist of a minimum of 8” sewer mains flowing to the NW corner of the development where the City of Bozeman currently has a lift station contracted to be constructed with funds available in 2025. Sizing of the mains will be further determined during the design of the subsequent phases. Once at the lift station, the wastewater will be pumped southeast and will discharge into the 18” gravity sewer main, where it will then be conveyed northeast via an existing 27” gravity main under the interstate to the existing Davis Lift Station. 2 2 DESIGN CONDITIONS (DEQ 11.12) Turnrow Subdivision consists of 114.68 acres of REMU zoning. Phase 1 consists of 31.15 acres, with the remainder 83.53 acres separated into restricted lot parcels that will be further divided through a subsequent platting process. Phase 1 is divided into four sub-phases (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4). These sub-phases are shown in the phasing exhibit (Appendix E). Design flowrates for single family parcels are based on the drafted “City of Bozeman Design and Construction Standards” dated 7/1/2024 as the residential flowrates are more conservative than the “City of Bozeman Wastewater Collection Facilities Plan Update” (WFP). Commercial flow rates will still defer to the WFP for this development. The property is zoned REMU and the domestic flowrate for REMU is 610 gpad according to the new standards. Because the use of the property is already known and resembles more of R-4 zoning for the simple fee lots, a domestic flow rate of 2,100 gpad will be used. In Block 1, parcels are proposed community commercial and have a flow rate of 2,400 gpad according to Table 2-14 of WFP. The population was determined by the drafted “City of Bozeman Design and Construction Standards” dated 7/1/2024 which states that an average daily domestic flow rate is 64.4 gallons per capita for residential and the WFP Table 1-1 states the wastewater usage is 33.8 gpd/capita for commercial. The peaking factor was calculated based on the City Design Standards and Specification Policy. The final addition to projected wastewater generation is infiltration/inflow (I/I) which is 150 gpd/acre per the City Design Standards and Specifications Policy (Section V.B.4 - Page 48). The anticipated sewer flows are summarized in Table 1 below: =√( !""") $√( !""")=√(%&’ !""") $√(%&’ !""")=.)$ $.)$= 3.86 -./ (01 )=2345678975:3 ;97<=> ?@A B C D8<9(9E8<F) $$G(H?I )=JG=> ?@A B C K.L (9E8<F) $$G(H?I )= 3.2501 The above calculations were also calculated for the full buildout of Turnrow and resulted in a peaking factor of 3.48 and 11.95 gpm of infiltration. 3 Table 1 – Turnrow Subdivision Sewer Demands Development Type Area (acres) Average Demand (gal/acre/day) Average Demand (gpd) Average Demand (gpm) Equivalent Population Peaking Factor Peak Hour Flow (gpm) Infiltration (gpm) Design Flow (gpm) Residential 1.72 2,100.00 3,606.06 2.50 55.99 - - 0.18 - Commercial 7.25 2,400.00 17,400.00 12.08 514.79 - - 0.76 - Open Space 1.00 25.00 24.94 0.02 0.39 - - 0.10 - Park 2.47 25.00 61.75 0.04 0.96 - - 0.26 - R.O.W. 5.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - - 0.53 - Residential 1.69 2,100.00 3,540.54 2.46 54.98 - - 0.18 - Commercial 0.00 2,400.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - - 0.00 - Open Space 0.46 25.00 11.51 0.01 0.18 - - 0.05 - Park 0.00 25.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - - 0.00 - R.O.W. 1.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - - 0.11 - Residential 1.24 2,100.00 2,613.00 1.81 40.57 - - 0.13 - Commercial 0.00 2,400.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - - 0.00 - Open Space 0.42 25.00 10.39 0.01 0.16 - - 0.04 - Park 0.00 25.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - - 0.00 - R.O.W. 1.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - - 0.12 - Residential 3.27 2,100.00 6,869.83 4.77 106.67 - - 0.34 - Commercial 0.00 2,400.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - - 0.00 - Open Space 0.56 25.00 13.90 0.01 0.22 - - 0.06 - Park 1.01 25.00 25.25 0.02 0.39 - - 0.11 - R.O.W. 2.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - - 0.29 - SUBTOTAL 31.15 - 34,177.18 23.73 775.31 3.86 91.61 3.25 94.86 Residential 34.48 2,100.00 72,400.63 50.28 1,124.23 - - 3.59 - Multi-household Apts 21.30 2,100.00 44,730.00 31.06 694.57 - - 2.22 - Open Space 3.70 25.00 92.54 0.06 1.44 - - 0.39 - Park 6.65 25.00 166.20 0.12 2.58 - - 0.69 - R.O.W. 17.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 - - 1.81 - SUBTOTAL 83.53 - 117,389.37 81.52 1,822.82 3.48 283.69 8.70 292.39 PROJECT TOTAL 114.68 - 151,566.54 105.25 2,598.12 3.48 366.29 11.95 378.23 FUTURE PHASES TURNROW SUBDIVISION FLOW RATES SUB-PHASE 1.4 PHASE 1 SUB-PHASE 1.3 SUB-PHASE 1.2 SUB-PHASE 1.1 4 3 IMPACT ON EXISTING WASTEWATER FACILITIES (11.13) The property is within the wastewater planning boundary for the City of Bozeman as described in the 2015 City of Bozeman Wastewater Collection System Facilities Plan. The existing sewer main in the vicinity of this project is a 27” sewer main within Davis Lane which flows North into a 30” sewer main that crosses East Valley Center Road and Interstate 90. The 30” gravity main ultimately discharges into the Davis Lift Station. These facilities lie within the wastewater basin boundaries and can handle the increase in flows based on information in the 2015 City of Bozeman Wastewater Collection Facilities Plan Update. The 2015 Wastewater Facility Plan identified several long-term pipe upgrades downstream of this development. All the pipes that require long term upgrades currently have adequate capacity for this development. The pipe section identified as the most limiting is the WWTP Interceptor which had total operational capacity of 19 MGD (13,194 gpm) based on the 2015 plan. No changes to downstream infrastructure are proposed during this development. 4 PROJECT DESCRIPTION (11.14) The purpose of this project is to develop the property, including water, sewer, storm, and dry utilities to support residential and commercial lots of a new mixed-use subdivision. 5 DRAWINGS (11.15) Drawings identifying the site of the project, including the location and size of proposed facilities are attached (Appendices A & D). Additional construction plans will be developed and submitted in the future under separate cover. 6 DESIGN CRITERIA (11.16) Design criteria including average and peak flows were provided in previous sections. The proposed sewer mains will conform to the State’s minimum vertical and horizontal separation criteria from water mains. The proposed conventional gravity sewer collection system is to be constructed in conformance with the City of Bozeman design standards and specifications, City of Bozeman Modifications to the Montana Public Works Standard Specifications (MPWSS), and the 6th Edition of MPWSS. The sewer mains shall be SDR 35 PVC pipe. All manholes shall be standard concrete manholes spaced no more than 400 feet apart. Onsite Gravity Mains The anticipated wastewater generated from Phase 1 of this project is approximately 94.86 gpm, and the proposed design includes primarily 8” sewer mains within the project rights-of-way and easements. An 8” main installed at minimum slope (0.40%) and flowing at 75% capacity can accommodate approximately 313 gpm. Two sewer mains along Quicksilver and Gunsmoke will be upsized to a 10” diameter sewer main to accommodate future flows as explained later in this report. A 10” diameter sewer main at a minimum design slope (0.40%) and flowing at 75% capacity can accommodate 564 gpm. The anticipated wastewater generated within the future phases is 360 gpm and is greater than an 8” pipe can accommodate if installed at minimum slope. Sizing of the sewer mains will need to be further evaluated during the design of the future phases. The trunk main flowing to the lift station will need to be sized to consider the future connections south of the property (discussed in following sections). 5 At Davis Lane there is an existing 15” sewer main stub. According to an email from HDR dated 4/4/2024 attached in Appendix F states The Valley Center Lift Station has an estimated peak wastewater flow rate of 2,265 gpm and future connections of the south of Phase will encompass 154 acres. This sewer main will need to be upsized to an 18” sewer main to accommodate flows from the Valley Center Lift Station (2,265 gpm), Phase 1 of the Turnrow Subdivision (95 gpm) and future development south of Phase 1 (814 gpm) totaling to 3,174 gpm for this section of pipe. An 18” pipe with a design slope of 0.55% at 75% full (d/D) can convey 3,210 gpm, so the 18” pipe shall be installed at 0.55% slope or greater. The existing manhole within Davis Lane will likely need to be replaced to accommodate the larger connection size. Future Connections Once the property south of Turnrow Subdivision is annexed into the city, the infrastructure designed for Turnrow Subdivision will be able to accommodate flows from subdivisions to the south as follows: Based on the email attached in Appendix F, 154 acres south of Turnrow Phase 1 will flow into sewer mains along Quicksilver Road and Gunsmoke Avenue. Assuming equal area contribution, 77 acres will be added to each main. The 154 acres are proposed R-4 zoning from the drafted “City of Bozeman Design and Construction Standards” dated 7/1/2024 with a flow rate of 2,100 gpad. Population can be calculated using the 64.4 gallons per capita per day and a base infiltration rate of 150 gpad shall be added to domestic flow calcutions. The convergence point of these two mains (Gunsmoke and Quicksilver) located in Block 1 of Turnrow Subdivision will include flow from all of Phase 1 Turnrow Subdivision (31.17 acres) and 154 acres south of the development. The average day demand can be calculated 154 acres multiplied by 2,100 gpd plus 34,177 (Turnrow Phase 1) gpd from Table 1 equating to 357,577 gpd or 248.3 gpm. The population results to 5,558 persons. From the equations above, a peaking factor of 3.20 and infiltration rate of 19.3 gpm is calculated. A peak demand is determined to be 813.9 gpm. A 12” sewer main at a minimum slope of 0.4% at 75% full (d/D) can convey 922.4 gpm. To size the mains along Gunsmoke and Quicksilver, it can be assumed that half of Phase 1 will flow into each main along with the 77 acres south of the development. Each main will convey a peak demand of 406.9 gpm. An 8” main installed at a minimum slope of 0.4% can only accommodate 313 gpm at 75% full (d/D). A 10” main installed at a minimum design slope of 0.40% can accommodate 564 gpm at 75% full (d/D) which can accommodate the peak demand of 407 gpm for each sewer main. Table 2 Gravity Sewer Discharge Rates at Proposed Slopes Pipe Diameter Manning’s Coefficient DEQ minimum slope Proposed minimum slope Discharge 75% (gpm) Peak Demand (gpm) 18” 0.013 0.12% 0.55% 3,210 3,174 12” 0.013 0.22% 0.40% 922 814 10” 0.013 0.28% 0.40% 564 407 8” 0.013 0.40% 0.40% 313 95 6 Due to future connections south of the development, the sewer mains along Quicksilver and Gunsmoke will need to be upsized to a 10” sewer main. The convergence point of these two sewer mains will need to upsized to a 12” sewer main at a minimum slope of 0.4%. The sewer main outflowing into the Davis Lane will need to be upsized to an 18” main at a minimum slope of 0.55% to accommodate flows from the force main as well. Sizing of the main within Ferguson can be calculated using the basins defined within the HDR email. The VCLS is planned to convey 2,265 gpm in total. The gravity flow expected via Stubbs Lane is 170 gpm. Subtracting 170 gpm via Stubbs Lane from the 2,265 gpm expected flow rate, a total rate of 2,095 gpm is expected at the northernmost end of the system from Ferguson to the VCLS. Therefore, mains within the northern portion of Ferguson and any mains downstream between Ferguson and the VCLS would need to be one of the following configurations at minimum: 18" main installed at 0.14%, or 15" main installed at 0.63%. Additionally, the City of Bozeman has indicated that a PER is expected to further define the expected demands from wastewater basins in the area. 7 SITE INFORMATION (11.17) Turnrow Subdivision is bounded by East Valley Center Road to the North, Davis Lane to the East, Valley Center Subdivision to the West, and (Future) Westlake Road to the South. The proposed development is currently undeveloped agricultural land which slopes gently to the North with existing grades of 0% to 8% and mostly Blackdog Silt Loam and Turner Loam (USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Web Soil Survey). See the soils report located in Appendix A for details. No floodway or flood plain concerns were identified. 8 ALTERNATIVE SELECTION/ANALYSIS (11.18) No proposed alternatives were considered, as the City of Bozeman completed this as part of their facility planning. 9 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS (11.19) The crossing of some existing wetlands is expected as part of the execution of this project. Any required environmental permitting will be obtained prior to disturbance of these areas, in areas with permanent impacts. A APPENDIX A VICINITY MAP 11THSAVE19THNAVE27THNAVE15THNAVE191HUFFINELN W LINCOLN ST W GARFIELD ST W COLLEGE W BABCOCK ST MAIN STW COTTONWOODRD235 BAXTER LN F R O N T A G E R D OAK STW 27THAVENDURSTON RDDAVISLNPROJECT LOCATION HARPER-RDPUCKETTSPRINGHILLRDV A L L E Y R D C E N T E R E NAVEFERGUSONengineerssurveyorsplannersscientists 2880 Technology Boulevard West Bozeman, MT 59718 Phone: (406) 587-0721 Fax: (406) 922-6702 VICINITY MAP SCALE:1" = 3000' B APPENDIX B COLLECTION SYSTEM MAP (City of Bozeman GIS Infrastructure Viewer) 9,0280.3 Miles This product is for informational purposes and may not have been prepared for, or be suitable for legal, engineering, or surveying purposes. Users of this information should review or consult the primary data and information sources to ascertain the usability of the information. Feet 1,0500 Legend 525 Location 1,050 Sean Papenhausen Morrison-Maierle 08/24/2023 Created By: Created For: Date: Turnrow Subdivision Lift Stations Manholes Abandoned Mains Force Mains Gravity Mains Street Names City Limits EXISTING DAVIS LIFT STATION TURNROW SUBDIVISION EXISTING 27" GRAVITY MAIN C APPENDIX C NRCS SOILS REPORT United States Department of Agriculture A product of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local participants Custom Soil Resource Report for Gallatin County Area, Montana Turnrow Subdivision Natural Resources Conservation Service September 20, 2023 Preface Soil surveys contain information that affects land use planning in survey areas. They highlight soil limitations that affect various land uses and provide information about the properties of the soils in the survey areas. Soil surveys are designed for many different users, including farmers, ranchers, foresters, agronomists, urban planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers. Also, conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the surveys to help them understand, protect, or enhance the environment. Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose special restrictions on land use or land treatment. Soil surveys identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions. The information is intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations. Although soil survey information can be used for general farm, local, and wider area planning, onsite investigation is needed to supplement this information in some cases. Examples include soil quality assessments (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/ portal/nrcs/main/soils/health/) and certain conservation and engineering applications. For more detailed information, contact your local USDA Service Center (https://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app?agency=nrcs) or your NRCS State Soil Scientist (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/contactus/? cid=nrcs142p2_053951). Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or underground installations. The National Cooperative Soil Survey is a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. Information about soils is updated periodically. Updated information is available through the NRCS Web Soil Survey, the site for official soil survey information. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require 2 alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. 3 Contents Preface....................................................................................................................2 How Soil Surveys Are Made..................................................................................5 Soil Map..................................................................................................................8 Soil Map................................................................................................................9 Legend................................................................................................................10 Map Unit Legend................................................................................................11 Map Unit Descriptions.........................................................................................11 Gallatin County Area, Montana.......................................................................13 50B—Blackdog silt loam, 0 to 4 percent slopes..........................................13 50C—Blackdog silt loam, 4 to 8 percent slopes..........................................14 57B—Turner loam, 0 to 4 percent slopes....................................................15 748A—Hyalite-Beaverton complex, 0 to 4 percent slopes..........................17 References............................................................................................................20 Glossary................................................................................................................22 4 How Soil Surveys Are Made Soil surveys are made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas in a specific area. They include a description of the soils and miscellaneous areas and their location on the landscape and tables that show soil properties and limitations affecting various uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, length, and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of crops and native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. They observed and described many soil profiles. A soil profile is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the surface down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed or from the surface down to bedrock. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other living organisms and has not been changed by other biological activity. Currently, soils are mapped according to the boundaries of major land resource areas (MLRAs). MLRAs are geographically associated land resource units that share common characteristics related to physiography, geology, climate, water resources, soils, biological resources, and land uses (USDA, 2006). Soil survey areas typically consist of parts of one or more MLRA. The soils and miscellaneous areas in a survey area occur in an orderly pattern that is related to the geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind of landform or with a segment of the landform. By observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their position to specific segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a concept, or model, of how they were formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location on the landscape. Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge into one another as their characteristics gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, soil scientists must determine the boundaries between the soils. They can observe only a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, supplemented by an understanding of the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to determine the boundaries. Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color, texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and other features that enable them to identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey area and determining their properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes (units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a basis for comparison to classify soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification used in the United States, is based mainly on the kind and character of soil properties and the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil 5 scientists classified and named the soils in the survey area, they compared the individual soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that they could confirm data and assemble additional data based on experience and research. The objective of soil mapping is not to delineate pure map unit components; the objective is to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. Each map unit is defined by a unique combination of soil components and/or miscellaneous areas in predictable proportions. Some components may be highly contrasting to the other components of the map unit. The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The delineation of such landforms and landform segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. Soil scientists make many field observations in the process of producing a soil map. The frequency of observation is dependent upon several factors, including scale of mapping, intensity of mapping, design of map units, complexity of the landscape, and experience of the soil scientist. Observations are made to test and refine the soil-landscape model and predictions and to verify the classification of the soils at specific locations. Once the soil-landscape model is refined, a significantly smaller number of measurements of individual soil properties are made and recorded. These measurements may include field measurements, such as those for color, depth to bedrock, and texture, and laboratory measurements, such as those for content of sand, silt, clay, salt, and other components. Properties of each soil typically vary from one point to another across the landscape. Observations for map unit components are aggregated to develop ranges of characteristics for the components. The aggregated values are presented. Direct measurements do not exist for every property presented for every map unit component. Values for some properties are estimated from combinations of other properties. While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some of the soils in the area generally are collected for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil scientists interpret the data from these analyses and tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested through observation of the soils in different uses and under different levels of management. Some interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and some new interpretations are developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such as research information, production records, and field experience of specialists. For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of management are assembled from farm records and from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil. Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on soil properties but also on such variables as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over long periods of time, but they are not predictable from year to year. For example, soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table within certain depths in most years, but they cannot predict that a high water table will always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date. After soil scientists located and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area, they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial photographs and Custom Soil Resource Report 6 identified each as a specific map unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields, roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating boundaries accurately. Custom Soil Resource Report 7 Soil Map The soil map section includes the soil map for the defined area of interest, a list of soil map units on the map and extent of each map unit, and cartographic symbols displayed on the map. Also presented are various metadata about data used to produce the map, and a description of each soil map unit. 8 9 Custom Soil Resource Report Soil Map 50631005063200506330050634005063500506360050637005063800506390050640005063100506320050633005063400506350050636005063700506380050639005064000492500 492600 492700 492800 492900 493000 493100 493200 493300 493400 493500 493600 493700 493800 492500 492600 492700 492800 492900 493000 493100 493200 493300 493400 493500 493600 493700 493800 45° 43' 47'' N 111° 5' 49'' W45° 43' 47'' N111° 4' 42'' W45° 43' 16'' N 111° 5' 49'' W45° 43' 16'' N 111° 4' 42'' WN Map projection: Web Mercator Corner coordinates: WGS84 Edge tics: UTM Zone 12N WGS84 0 300 600 1200 1800 Feet 0 50 100 200 300 Meters Map Scale: 1:6,600 if printed on A landscape (11" x 8.5") sheet. Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. MAP LEGEND MAP INFORMATION Area of Interest (AOI) Area of Interest (AOI) Soils Soil Map Unit Polygons Soil Map Unit Lines Soil Map Unit Points Special Point Features Blowout Borrow Pit Clay Spot Closed Depression Gravel Pit Gravelly Spot Landfill Lava Flow Marsh or swamp Mine or Quarry Miscellaneous Water Perennial Water Rock Outcrop Saline Spot Sandy Spot Severely Eroded Spot Sinkhole Slide or Slip Sodic Spot Spoil Area Stony Spot Very Stony Spot Wet Spot Other Special Line Features Water Features Streams and Canals Transportation Rails Interstate Highways US Routes Major Roads Local Roads Background Aerial Photography The soil surveys that comprise your AOI were mapped at 1:24,000. Warning: Soil Map may not be valid at this scale. Enlargement of maps beyond the scale of mapping can cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping and accuracy of soil line placement. The maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a more detailed scale. Please rely on the bar scale on each map sheet for map measurements. Source of Map: Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey URL: Coordinate System: Web Mercator (EPSG:3857) Maps from the Web Soil Survey are based on the Web Mercator projection, which preserves direction and shape but distorts distance and area. A projection that preserves area, such as the Albers equal-area conic projection, should be used if more accurate calculations of distance or area are required. This product is generated from the USDA-NRCS certified data as of the version date(s) listed below. Soil Survey Area: Gallatin County Area, Montana Survey Area Data: Version 26, Aug 30, 2022 Soil map units are labeled (as space allows) for map scales 1:50,000 or larger. Date(s) aerial images were photographed: Aug 18, 2022—Aug 29, 2022 The orthophoto or other base map on which the soil lines were compiled and digitized probably differs from the background imagery displayed on these maps. As a result, some minor shifting of map unit boundaries may be evident. Custom Soil Resource Report 10 Map Unit Legend Map Unit Symbol Map Unit Name Acres in AOI Percent of AOI 50B Blackdog silt loam, 0 to 4 percent slopes 73.2 64.7% 50C Blackdog silt loam, 4 to 8 percent slopes 13.7 12.1% 57B Turner loam, 0 to 4 percent slopes 21.5 19.0% 748A Hyalite-Beaverton complex, 0 to 4 percent slopes 4.7 4.2% Totals for Area of Interest 113.1 100.0% Map Unit Descriptions The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps in a soil survey represent the soils or miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions, along with the maps, can be used to determine the composition and properties of a unit. A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and named according to the taxonomic classification of the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the landscape, however, the soils are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of some observed properties may extend beyond the limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped without including areas of other taxonomic classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and some minor components that belong to taxonomic classes other than those of the major soils. Most minor soils have properties similar to those of the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus they do not affect use and management. These are called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit description. Other minor components, however, have properties and behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use or to require different management. These are called contrasting, or dissimilar, components. They generally are in small areas and could not be mapped separately because of the scale used. Some small areas of strongly contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified by a special symbol on the maps. If included in the database for a given area, the contrasting minor components are identified in the map unit descriptions along with some characteristics of each. A few areas of minor components may not have been observed, and consequently they are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make enough observations to identify all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the landscape. Custom Soil Resource Report 11 The presence of minor components in a map unit in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape into landforms or landform segments that have similar use and management requirements. The delineation of such segments on the map provides sufficient information for the development of resource plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, however, onsite investigation is needed to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in the map unit descriptions. Each description includes general facts about the unit and gives important soil properties and qualities. Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement. Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. On the basis of such differences, a soil series is divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature that affects use or management. For example, Alpha silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is a phase of the Alpha series. Some map units are made up of two or more major soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups. A complex consists of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown separately on the maps. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas. Alpha-Beta complex, 0 to 6 percent slopes, is an example. An association is made up of two or more geographically associated soils or miscellaneous areas that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of present or anticipated uses of the map units in the survey area, it was not considered practical or necessary to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The pattern and relative proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. Alpha-Beta association, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. An undifferentiated group is made up of two or more soils or miscellaneous areas that could be mapped individually but are mapped as one unit because similar interpretations can be made for use and management. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are not uniform. An area can be made up of only one of the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be made up of all of them. Alpha and Beta soils, 0 to 2 percent slopes, is an example. Some surveys include miscellaneous areas. Such areas have little or no soil material and support little or no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example. Custom Soil Resource Report 12 Gallatin County Area, Montana 50B—Blackdog silt loam, 0 to 4 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 56vq Elevation: 4,350 to 5,500 feet Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches Mean annual air temperature: 37 to 43 degrees F Frost-free period: 90 to 110 days Farmland classification: All areas are prime farmland Map Unit Composition Blackdog and similar soils:90 percent Minor components:10 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Blackdog Setting Landform:Stream terraces Down-slope shape:Linear Across-slope shape:Linear Parent material:Calcareous loess Typical profile A - 0 to 10 inches: silt loam Bt - 10 to 19 inches: silty clay loam Bk - 19 to 60 inches: silt loam Properties and qualities Slope:0 to 4 percent Depth to restrictive feature:More than 80 inches Drainage class:Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately high (0.20 to 0.57 in/hr) Depth to water table:More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:None Calcium carbonate, maximum content:30 percent Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: High (about 10.9 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e Hydrologic Soil Group: C Ecological site: R044BB032MT - Loamy (Lo) LRU 01 Subset B Hydric soil rating: No Minor Components Meagher Percent of map unit:4 percent Landform:Stream terraces, alluvial fans Down-slope shape:Linear Across-slope shape:Linear Custom Soil Resource Report 13 Ecological site:R044BB032MT - Loamy (Lo) LRU 01 Subset B Hydric soil rating: No Bowery Percent of map unit:3 percent Landform:Stream terraces, alluvial fans Down-slope shape:Linear Across-slope shape:Linear Ecological site:R044BB032MT - Loamy (Lo) LRU 01 Subset B Hydric soil rating: No Quagle Percent of map unit:3 percent Landform:Stream terraces Down-slope shape:Linear Across-slope shape:Linear Ecological site:R044BB030MT - Limy (Ly) LRU 01 Subset B Hydric soil rating: No 50C—Blackdog silt loam, 4 to 8 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 56vr Elevation: 4,500 to 5,750 feet Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches Mean annual air temperature: 37 to 43 degrees F Frost-free period: 90 to 110 days Farmland classification: Farmland of statewide importance Map Unit Composition Blackdog and similar soils:90 percent Minor components:10 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Blackdog Setting Landform:Stream terraces Down-slope shape:Linear Across-slope shape:Linear Parent material:Calcareous loess Typical profile A - 0 to 10 inches: silt loam Bt - 10 to 19 inches: silty clay loam Bk - 19 to 60 inches: silt loam Properties and qualities Slope:4 to 8 percent Depth to restrictive feature:More than 80 inches Drainage class:Well drained Custom Soil Resource Report 14 Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately high (0.20 to 0.57 in/hr) Depth to water table:More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:None Calcium carbonate, maximum content:30 percent Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: High (about 10.9 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e Hydrologic Soil Group: C Ecological site: R044BB032MT - Loamy (Lo) LRU 01 Subset B Hydric soil rating: No Minor Components Meagher Percent of map unit:4 percent Landform:Stream terraces, alluvial fans Down-slope shape:Linear Across-slope shape:Linear Ecological site:R044BB032MT - Loamy (Lo) LRU 01 Subset B Hydric soil rating: No Quagle Percent of map unit:3 percent Landform:Stream terraces Down-slope shape:Linear Across-slope shape:Linear Ecological site:R044BB030MT - Limy (Ly) LRU 01 Subset B Hydric soil rating: No Bowery Percent of map unit:3 percent Landform:Alluvial fans, stream terraces Down-slope shape:Linear Across-slope shape:Linear Ecological site:R044BB032MT - Loamy (Lo) LRU 01 Subset B Hydric soil rating: No 57B—Turner loam, 0 to 4 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 56xd Elevation: 4,350 to 5,400 feet Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches Mean annual air temperature: 39 to 45 degrees F Frost-free period: 90 to 110 days Farmland classification: Prime farmland if irrigated Custom Soil Resource Report 15 Map Unit Composition Turner and similar soils:85 percent Minor components:15 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Turner Setting Landform:Stream terraces Down-slope shape:Linear Across-slope shape:Linear Parent material:Alluvium Typical profile A - 0 to 6 inches: loam Bt - 6 to 12 inches: clay loam Bk - 12 to 26 inches: clay loam 2C - 26 to 60 inches: very gravelly loamy sand Properties and qualities Slope:0 to 4 percent Depth to restrictive feature:More than 80 inches Drainage class:Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table:More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:None Calcium carbonate, maximum content:15 percent Maximum salinity:Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Low (about 5.4 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 3e Hydrologic Soil Group: B Ecological site: R044BB032MT - Loamy (Lo) LRU 01 Subset B Hydric soil rating: No Minor Components Corbly Percent of map unit:5 percent Landform:Stream terraces, alluvial fans Down-slope shape:Linear Across-slope shape:Linear Ecological site:R044BP818MT - Upland Grassland Hydric soil rating: No Beaverton Percent of map unit:5 percent Landform:Stream terraces, alluvial fans Down-slope shape:Linear Across-slope shape:Linear Ecological site:R044BP818MT - Upland Grassland Hydric soil rating: No Custom Soil Resource Report 16 Martinsdale Percent of map unit:5 percent Landform:Stream terraces, alluvial fans Down-slope shape:Linear Across-slope shape:Linear Ecological site:R044BB032MT - Loamy (Lo) LRU 01 Subset B Hydric soil rating: No 748A—Hyalite-Beaverton complex, 0 to 4 percent slopes Map Unit Setting National map unit symbol: 570v Elevation: 4,350 to 6,150 feet Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 19 inches Mean annual air temperature: 39 to 45 degrees F Frost-free period: 90 to 110 days Farmland classification: Farmland of local importance Map Unit Composition Hyalite and similar soils:70 percent Beaverton and similar soils:20 percent Minor components:10 percent Estimates are based on observations, descriptions, and transects of the mapunit. Description of Hyalite Setting Landform:Stream terraces, alluvial fans Down-slope shape:Linear Across-slope shape:Linear Parent material:Loamy alluvium Typical profile A - 0 to 5 inches: loam Bt1 - 5 to 9 inches: clay loam Bt2 - 9 to 17 inches: silty clay loam 2Bt3 - 17 to 26 inches: very cobbly sandy clay loam 3C - 26 to 60 inches: very cobbly loamy sand Properties and qualities Slope:0 to 4 percent Depth to restrictive feature:More than 80 inches Drainage class:Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately high (0.20 to 0.57 in/hr) Depth to water table:More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:None Calcium carbonate, maximum content:5 percent Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Low (about 4.4 inches) Custom Soil Resource Report 17 Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 3e Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 4e Hydrologic Soil Group: C Ecological site: R043BP818MT - Upland Grassland Group Hydric soil rating: No Description of Beaverton Setting Landform:Stream terraces, alluvial fans Down-slope shape:Linear Across-slope shape:Linear Parent material:Alluvium Typical profile A - 0 to 5 inches: cobbly loam Bt - 5 to 21 inches: very gravelly clay loam Bk - 21 to 25 inches: very cobbly coarse sandy loam 2Bk - 25 to 60 inches: extremely cobbly loamy coarse sand Properties and qualities Slope:0 to 4 percent Depth to restrictive feature:More than 80 inches Drainage class:Well drained Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat):Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr) Depth to water table:More than 80 inches Frequency of flooding:None Frequency of ponding:None Calcium carbonate, maximum content:15 percent Maximum salinity:Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm) Available water supply, 0 to 60 inches: Low (about 3.7 inches) Interpretive groups Land capability classification (irrigated): 4s Land capability classification (nonirrigated): 6s Hydrologic Soil Group: B Ecological site: R043BP818MT - Upland Grassland Group Hydric soil rating: No Minor Components Hyalite Percent of map unit:5 percent Landform:Stream terraces, alluvial fans Down-slope shape:Linear Across-slope shape:Linear Ecological site:R044BP818MT - Upland Grassland Hydric soil rating: No Turner Percent of map unit:5 percent Landform:Stream terraces Down-slope shape:Linear Across-slope shape:Linear Ecological site:R044BB032MT - Loamy (Lo) LRU 01 Subset B Custom Soil Resource Report 18 Hydric soil rating: No Custom Soil Resource Report 19 References American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2004. Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and testing. 24th edition. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2005. Standard classification of soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D2487-00. Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of wetlands and deep-water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FWS/OBS-79/31. Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States. Federal Register. September 18, 2002. Hydric soils of the United States. Hurt, G.W., and L.M. Vasilas, editors. Version 6.0, 2006. Field indicators of hydric soils in the United States. National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries. Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 18. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/ nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_054262 Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436. http:// www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053577 Soil Survey Staff. 2010. Keys to soil taxonomy. 11th edition. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. http:// www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/?cid=nrcs142p2_053580 Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands Section. United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical Report Y-87-1. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National forestry manual. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/soils/ home/?cid=nrcs142p2_053374 United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National range and pasture handbook. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/ detail/national/landuse/rangepasture/?cid=stelprdb1043084 20 United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. National soil survey handbook, title 430-VI. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/ nrcs/detail/soils/scientists/?cid=nrcs142p2_054242 United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2006. Land resource regions and major land resource areas of the United States, the Caribbean, and the Pacific Basin. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 296. http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/soils/? cid=nrcs142p2_053624 United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 1961. Land capability classification. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210. http:// www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs142p2_052290.pdf Custom Soil Resource Report 21 Glossary Many of the terms relating to landforms, geology, and geomorphology are defined in more detail in the following National Soil Survey Handbook link: “National Soil Survey Handbook.” ABC soil A soil having an A, a B, and a C horizon. Ablation till Loose, relatively permeable earthy material deposited during the downwasting of nearly static glacial ice, either contained within or accumulated on the surface of the glacier. AC soil A soil having only an A and a C horizon. Commonly, such soil formed in recent alluvium or on steep, rocky slopes. Aeration, soil The exchange of air in soil with air from the atmosphere. The air in a well aerated soil is similar to that in the atmosphere; the air in a poorly aerated soil is considerably higher in carbon dioxide and lower in oxygen. Aggregate, soil Many fine particles held in a single mass or cluster. Natural soil aggregates, such as granules, blocks, or prisms, are called peds. Clods are aggregates produced by tillage or logging. Alkali (sodic) soil A soil having so high a degree of alkalinity (pH 8.5 or higher) or so high a percentage of exchangeable sodium (15 percent or more of the total exchangeable bases), or both, that plant growth is restricted. Alluvial cone A semiconical type of alluvial fan having very steep slopes. It is higher, narrower, and steeper than a fan and is composed of coarser and thicker layers of material deposited by a combination of alluvial episodes and (to a much lesser degree) landslides (debris flow). The coarsest materials tend to be concentrated at the apex of the cone. 22 Alluvial fan A low, outspread mass of loose materials and/or rock material, commonly with gentle slopes. It is shaped like an open fan or a segment of a cone. The material was deposited by a stream at the place where it issues from a narrow mountain valley or upland valley or where a tributary stream is near or at its junction with the main stream. The fan is steepest near its apex, which points upstream, and slopes gently and convexly outward (downstream) with a gradual decrease in gradient. Alluvium Unconsolidated material, such as gravel, sand, silt, clay, and various mixtures of these, deposited on land by running water. Alpha,alpha-dipyridyl A compound that when dissolved in ammonium acetate is used to detect the presence of reduced iron (Fe II) in the soil. A positive reaction implies reducing conditions and the likely presence of redoximorphic features. Animal unit month (AUM) The amount of forage required by one mature cow of approximately 1,000 pounds weight, with or without a calf, for 1 month. Aquic conditions Current soil wetness characterized by saturation, reduction, and redoximorphic features. Argillic horizon A subsoil horizon characterized by an accumulation of illuvial clay. Arroyo The flat-floored channel of an ephemeral stream, commonly with very steep to vertical banks cut in unconsolidated material. It is usually dry but can be transformed into a temporary watercourse or short-lived torrent after heavy rain within the watershed. Aspect The direction toward which a slope faces. Also called slope aspect. Association, soil A group of soils or miscellaneous areas geographically associated in a characteristic repeating pattern and defined and delineated as a single map unit. Available water capacity (available moisture capacity) The capacity of soils to hold water available for use by most plants. It is commonly defined as the difference between the amount of soil water at field moisture capacity and the amount at wilting point. It is commonly expressed as inches of water per inch of soil. The capacity, in inches, in a 60-inch profile or to a limiting layer is expressed as: Custom Soil Resource Report 23 Very low: 0 to 3 Low: 3 to 6 Moderate: 6 to 9 High: 9 to 12 Very high: More than 12 Backslope The position that forms the steepest and generally linear, middle portion of a hillslope. In profile, backslopes are commonly bounded by a convex shoulder above and a concave footslope below. Backswamp A flood-plain landform. Extensive, marshy or swampy, depressed areas of flood plains between natural levees and valley sides or terraces. Badland A landscape that is intricately dissected and characterized by a very fine drainage network with high drainage densities and short, steep slopes and narrow interfluves. Badlands develop on surfaces that have little or no vegetative cover overlying unconsolidated or poorly cemented materials (clays, silts, or sandstones) with, in some cases, soluble minerals, such as gypsum or halite. Bajada A broad, gently inclined alluvial piedmont slope extending from the base of a mountain range out into a basin and formed by the lateral coalescence of a series of alluvial fans. Typically, it has a broadly undulating transverse profile, parallel to the mountain front, resulting from the convexities of component fans. The term is generally restricted to constructional slopes of intermontane basins. Basal area The area of a cross section of a tree, generally referring to the section at breast height and measured outside the bark. It is a measure of stand density, commonly expressed in square feet. Base saturation The degree to which material having cation-exchange properties is saturated with exchangeable bases (sum of Ca, Mg, Na, and K), expressed as a percentage of the total cation-exchange capacity. Base slope (geomorphology) A geomorphic component of hills consisting of the concave to linear (perpendicular to the contour) slope that, regardless of the lateral shape, forms an apron or wedge at the bottom of a hillside dominated by colluvium and slope-wash sediments (for example, slope alluvium). Bedding plane A planar or nearly planar bedding surface that visibly separates each successive layer of stratified sediment or rock (of the same or different lithology) Custom Soil Resource Report 24 from the preceding or following layer; a plane of deposition. It commonly marks a change in the circumstances of deposition and may show a parting, a color difference, a change in particle size, or various combinations of these. The term is commonly applied to any bedding surface, even one that is conspicuously bent or deformed by folding. Bedding system A drainage system made by plowing, grading, or otherwise shaping the surface of a flat field. It consists of a series of low ridges separated by shallow, parallel dead furrows. Bedrock The solid rock that underlies the soil and other unconsolidated material or that is exposed at the surface. Bedrock-controlled topography A landscape where the configuration and relief of the landforms are determined or strongly influenced by the underlying bedrock. Bench terrace A raised, level or nearly level strip of earth constructed on or nearly on a contour, supported by a barrier of rocks or similar material, and designed to make the soil suitable for tillage and to prevent accelerated erosion. Bisequum Two sequences of soil horizons, each of which consists of an illuvial horizon and the overlying eluvial horizons. Blowout (map symbol) A saucer-, cup-, or trough-shaped depression formed by wind erosion on a preexisting dune or other sand deposit, especially in an area of shifting sand or loose soil or where protective vegetation is disturbed or destroyed. The adjoining accumulation of sand derived from the depression, where recognizable, is commonly included. Blowouts are commonly small. Borrow pit (map symbol) An open excavation from which soil and underlying material have been removed, usually for construction purposes. Bottom land An informal term loosely applied to various portions of a flood plain. Boulders Rock fragments larger than 2 feet (60 centimeters) in diameter. Breaks A landscape or tract of steep, rough or broken land dissected by ravines and gullies and marking a sudden change in topography. Custom Soil Resource Report 25 Breast height An average height of 4.5 feet above the ground surface; the point on a tree where diameter measurements are ordinarily taken. Brush management Use of mechanical, chemical, or biological methods to make conditions favorable for reseeding or to reduce or eliminate competition from woody vegetation and thus allow understory grasses and forbs to recover. Brush management increases forage production and thus reduces the hazard of erosion. It can improve the habitat for some species of wildlife. Butte An isolated, generally flat-topped hill or mountain with relatively steep slopes and talus or precipitous cliffs and characterized by summit width that is less than the height of bounding escarpments; commonly topped by a caprock of resistant material and representing an erosion remnant carved from flat-lying rocks. Cable yarding A method of moving felled trees to a nearby central area for transport to a processing facility. Most cable yarding systems involve use of a drum, a pole, and wire cables in an arrangement similar to that of a rod and reel used for fishing. To reduce friction and soil disturbance, felled trees generally are reeled in while one end is lifted or the entire log is suspended. Calcareous soil A soil containing enough calcium carbonate (commonly combined with magnesium carbonate) to effervesce visibly when treated with cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. Caliche A general term for a prominent zone of secondary carbonate accumulation in surficial materials in warm, subhumid to arid areas. Caliche is formed by both geologic and pedologic processes. Finely crystalline calcium carbonate forms a nearly continuous surface-coating and void-filling medium in geologic (parent) materials. Cementation ranges from weak in nonindurated forms to very strong in indurated forms. Other minerals (e.g., carbonates, silicate, and sulfate) may occur as accessory cements. Most petrocalcic horizons and some calcic horizons are caliche. California bearing ratio (CBR) The load-supporting capacity of a soil as compared to that of standard crushed limestone, expressed as a ratio. First standardized in California. A soil having a CBR of 16 supports 16 percent of the load that would be supported by standard crushed limestone, per unit area, with the same degree of distortion. Canopy The leafy crown of trees or shrubs. (See Crown.) Custom Soil Resource Report 26 Canyon A long, deep, narrow valley with high, precipitous walls in an area of high local relief. Capillary water Water held as a film around soil particles and in tiny spaces between particles. Surface tension is the adhesive force that holds capillary water in the soil. Catena A sequence, or “chain,” of soils on a landscape that formed in similar kinds of parent material and under similar climatic conditions but that have different characteristics as a result of differences in relief and drainage. Cation An ion carrying a positive charge of electricity. The common soil cations are calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, and hydrogen. Cation-exchange capacity The total amount of exchangeable cations that can be held by the soil, expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some other stated pH value. The term, as applied to soils, is synonymous with base-exchange capacity but is more precise in meaning. Catsteps See Terracettes. Cement rock Shaly limestone used in the manufacture of cement. Channery soil material Soil material that has, by volume, 15 to 35 percent thin, flat fragments of sandstone, shale, slate, limestone, or schist as much as 6 inches (15 centimeters) along the longest axis. A single piece is called a channer. Chemical treatment Control of unwanted vegetation through the use of chemicals. Chiseling Tillage with an implement having one or more soil-penetrating points that shatter or loosen hard, compacted layers to a depth below normal plow depth. Cirque A steep-walled, semicircular or crescent-shaped, half-bowl-like recess or hollow, commonly situated at the head of a glaciated mountain valley or high on the side of a mountain. It was produced by the erosive activity of a mountain glacier. It commonly contains a small round lake (tarn). Custom Soil Resource Report 27 Clay As a soil separate, the mineral soil particles less than 0.002 millimeter in diameter. As a soil textural class, soil material that is 40 percent or more clay, less than 45 percent sand, and less than 40 percent silt. Clay depletions See Redoximorphic features. Clay film A thin coating of oriented clay on the surface of a soil aggregate or lining pores or root channels. Synonyms: clay coating, clay skin. Clay spot (map symbol) A spot where the surface texture is silty clay or clay in areas where the surface layer of the soils in the surrounding map unit is sandy loam, loam, silt loam, or coarser. Claypan A dense, compact subsoil layer that contains much more clay than the overlying materials, from which it is separated by a sharply defined boundary. The layer restricts the downward movement of water through the soil. A claypan is commonly hard when dry and plastic and sticky when wet. Climax plant community The stabilized plant community on a particular site. The plant cover reproduces itself and does not change so long as the environment remains the same. Coarse textured soil Sand or loamy sand. Cobble (or cobblestone) A rounded or partly rounded fragment of rock 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to 25 centimeters) in diameter. Cobbly soil material Material that has 15 to 35 percent, by volume, rounded or partially rounded rock fragments 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to 25 centimeters) in diameter. Very cobbly soil material has 35 to 60 percent of these rock fragments, and extremely cobbly soil material has more than 60 percent. COLE (coefficient of linear extensibility) See Linear extensibility. Colluvium Unconsolidated, unsorted earth material being transported or deposited on side slopes and/or at the base of slopes by mass movement (e.g., direct gravitational action) and by local, unconcentrated runoff. Custom Soil Resource Report 28 Complex slope Irregular or variable slope. Planning or establishing terraces, diversions, and other water-control structures on a complex slope is difficult. Complex, soil A map unit of two or more kinds of soil or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or so small in area that it is not practical to map them separately at the selected scale of mapping. The pattern and proportion of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all areas. Concretions See Redoximorphic features. Conglomerate A coarse grained, clastic sedimentary rock composed of rounded or subangular rock fragments more than 2 millimeters in diameter. It commonly has a matrix of sand and finer textured material. Conglomerate is the consolidated equivalent of gravel. Conservation cropping system Growing crops in combination with needed cultural and management practices. In a good conservation cropping system, the soil-improving crops and practices more than offset the effects of the soil-depleting crops and practices. Cropping systems are needed on all tilled soils. Soil-improving practices in a conservation cropping system include the use of rotations that contain grasses and legumes and the return of crop residue to the soil. Other practices include the use of green manure crops of grasses and legumes, proper tillage, adequate fertilization, and weed and pest control. Conservation tillage A tillage system that does not invert the soil and that leaves a protective amount of crop residue on the surface throughout the year. Consistence, soil Refers to the degree of cohesion and adhesion of soil material and its resistance to deformation when ruptured. Consistence includes resistance of soil material to rupture and to penetration; plasticity, toughness, and stickiness of puddled soil material; and the manner in which the soil material behaves when subject to compression. Terms describing consistence are defined in the “Soil Survey Manual.” Contour stripcropping Growing crops in strips that follow the contour. Strips of grass or close-growing crops are alternated with strips of clean-tilled crops or summer fallow. Control section The part of the soil on which classification is based. The thickness varies among different kinds of soil, but for many it is that part of the soil profile between depths of 10 inches and 40 or 80 inches. Custom Soil Resource Report 29 Coprogenous earth (sedimentary peat) A type of limnic layer composed predominantly of fecal material derived from aquatic animals. Corrosion (geomorphology) A process of erosion whereby rocks and soil are removed or worn away by natural chemical processes, especially by the solvent action of running water, but also by other reactions, such as hydrolysis, hydration, carbonation, and oxidation. Corrosion (soil survey interpretations) Soil-induced electrochemical or chemical action that dissolves or weakens concrete or uncoated steel. Cover crop A close-growing crop grown primarily to improve and protect the soil between periods of regular crop production, or a crop grown between trees and vines in orchards and vineyards. Crop residue management Returning crop residue to the soil, which helps to maintain soil structure, organic matter content, and fertility and helps to control erosion. Cropping system Growing crops according to a planned system of rotation and management practices. Cross-slope farming Deliberately conducting farming operations on sloping farmland in such a way that tillage is across the general slope. Crown The upper part of a tree or shrub, including the living branches and their foliage. Cryoturbate A mass of soil or other unconsolidated earthy material moved or disturbed by frost action. It is typically coarser than the underlying material. Cuesta An asymmetric ridge capped by resistant rock layers of slight or moderate dip (commonly less than 15 percent slopes); a type of homocline produced by differential erosion of interbedded resistant and weak rocks. A cuesta has a long, gentle slope on one side (dip slope) that roughly parallels the inclined beds; on the other side, it has a relatively short and steep or clifflike slope (scarp) that cuts through the tilted rocks. Custom Soil Resource Report 30 Culmination of the mean annual increment (CMAI) The average annual increase per acre in the volume of a stand. Computed by dividing the total volume of the stand by its age. As the stand increases in age, the mean annual increment continues to increase until mortality begins to reduce the rate of increase. The point where the stand reaches its maximum annual rate of growth is called the culmination of the mean annual increment. Cutbanks cave The walls of excavations tend to cave in or slough. Decreasers The most heavily grazed climax range plants. Because they are the most palatable, they are the first to be destroyed by overgrazing. Deferred grazing Postponing grazing or resting grazing land for a prescribed period. Delta A body of alluvium having a surface that is fan shaped and nearly flat; deposited at or near the mouth of a river or stream where it enters a body of relatively quiet water, generally a sea or lake. Dense layer A very firm, massive layer that has a bulk density of more than 1.8 grams per cubic centimeter. Such a layer affects the ease of digging and can affect filling and compacting. Depression, closed (map symbol) A shallow, saucer-shaped area that is slightly lower on the landscape than the surrounding area and that does not have a natural outlet for surface drainage. Depth, soil Generally, the thickness of the soil over bedrock. Very deep soils are more than 60 inches deep over bedrock; deep soils, 40 to 60 inches; moderately deep, 20 to 40 inches; shallow, 10 to 20 inches; and very shallow, less than 10 inches. Desert pavement A natural, residual concentration or layer of wind-polished, closely packed gravel, boulders, and other rock fragments mantling a desert surface. It forms where wind action and sheetwash have removed all smaller particles or where rock fragments have migrated upward through sediments to the surface. It typically protects the finer grained underlying material from further erosion. Diatomaceous earth A geologic deposit of fine, grayish siliceous material composed chiefly or entirely of the remains of diatoms. Custom Soil Resource Report 31 Dip slope A slope of the land surface, roughly determined by and approximately conforming to the dip of the underlying bedrock. Diversion (or diversion terrace) A ridge of earth, generally a terrace, built to protect downslope areas by diverting runoff from its natural course. Divided-slope farming A form of field stripcropping in which crops are grown in a systematic arrangement of two strips, or bands, across the slope to reduce the hazard of water erosion. One strip is in a close-growing crop that provides protection from erosion, and the other strip is in a crop that provides less protection from erosion. This practice is used where slopes are not long enough to permit a full stripcropping pattern to be used. Drainage class (natural) Refers to the frequency and duration of wet periods under conditions similar to those under which the soil formed. Alterations of the water regime by human activities, either through drainage or irrigation, are not a consideration unless they have significantly changed the morphology of the soil. Seven classes of natural soil drainage are recognized—excessively drained, somewhat excessively drained, well drained, moderately well drained, somewhat poorly drained, poorly drained, and very poorly drained. These classes are defined in the “Soil Survey Manual.” Drainage, surface Runoff, or surface flow of water, from an area. Drainageway A general term for a course or channel along which water moves in draining an area. A term restricted to relatively small, linear depressions that at some time move concentrated water and either do not have a defined channel or have only a small defined channel. Draw A small stream valley that generally is shallower and more open than a ravine or gulch and that has a broader bottom. The present stream channel may appear inadequate to have cut the drainageway that it occupies. Drift A general term applied to all mineral material (clay, silt, sand, gravel, and boulders) transported by a glacier and deposited directly by or from the ice or transported by running water emanating from a glacier. Drift includes unstratified material (till) that forms moraines and stratified deposits that form outwash plains, eskers, kames, varves, and glaciofluvial sediments. The term is generally applied to Pleistocene glacial deposits in areas that no longer contain glaciers. Custom Soil Resource Report 32 Drumlin A low, smooth, elongated oval hill, mound, or ridge of compact till that has a core of bedrock or drift. It commonly has a blunt nose facing the direction from which the ice approached and a gentler slope tapering in the other direction. The longer axis is parallel to the general direction of glacier flow. Drumlins are products of streamline (laminar) flow of glaciers, which molded the subglacial floor through a combination of erosion and deposition. Duff A generally firm organic layer on the surface of mineral soils. It consists of fallen plant material that is in the process of decomposition and includes everything from the litter on the surface to underlying pure humus. Dune A low mound, ridge, bank, or hill of loose, windblown granular material (generally sand), either barren and capable of movement from place to place or covered and stabilized with vegetation but retaining its characteristic shape. Earthy fill See Mine spoil. Ecological site An area where climate, soil, and relief are sufficiently uniform to produce a distinct natural plant community. An ecological site is the product of all the environmental factors responsible for its development. It is typified by an association of species that differ from those on other ecological sites in kind and/or proportion of species or in total production. Eluviation The movement of material in true solution or colloidal suspension from one place to another within the soil. Soil horizons that have lost material through eluviation are eluvial; those that have received material are illuvial. Endosaturation A type of saturation of the soil in which all horizons between the upper boundary of saturation and a depth of 2 meters are saturated. Eolian deposit Sand-, silt-, or clay-sized clastic material transported and deposited primarily by wind, commonly in the form of a dune or a sheet of sand or loess. Ephemeral stream A stream, or reach of a stream, that flows only in direct response to precipitation. It receives no long-continued supply from melting snow or other source, and its channel is above the water table at all times. Custom Soil Resource Report 33 Episaturation A type of saturation indicating a perched water table in a soil in which saturated layers are underlain by one or more unsaturated layers within 2 meters of the surface. Erosion The wearing away of the land surface by water, wind, ice, or other geologic agents and by such processes as gravitational creep. Erosion (accelerated) Erosion much more rapid than geologic erosion, mainly as a result of human or animal activities or of a catastrophe in nature, such as a fire, that exposes the surface. Erosion (geologic) Erosion caused by geologic processes acting over long geologic periods and resulting in the wearing away of mountains and the building up of such landscape features as flood plains and coastal plains. Synonym: natural erosion. Erosion pavement A surficial lag concentration or layer of gravel and other rock fragments that remains on the soil surface after sheet or rill erosion or wind has removed the finer soil particles and that tends to protect the underlying soil from further erosion. Erosion surface A land surface shaped by the action of erosion, especially by running water. Escarpment A relatively continuous and steep slope or cliff breaking the general continuity of more gently sloping land surfaces and resulting from erosion or faulting. Most commonly applied to cliffs produced by differential erosion. Synonym: scarp. Escarpment, bedrock (map symbol) A relatively continuous and steep slope or cliff, produced by erosion or faulting, that breaks the general continuity of more gently sloping land surfaces. Exposed material is hard or soft bedrock. Escarpment, nonbedrock (map symbol) A relatively continuous and steep slope or cliff, generally produced by erosion but in some places produced by faulting, that breaks the continuity of more gently sloping land surfaces. Exposed earthy material is nonsoil or very shallow soil. Esker A long, narrow, sinuous, steep-sided ridge of stratified sand and gravel deposited as the bed of a stream flowing in an ice tunnel within or below the ice (subglacial) or between ice walls on top of the ice of a wasting glacier and left Custom Soil Resource Report 34 behind as high ground when the ice melted. Eskers range in length from less than a kilometer to more than 160 kilometers and in height from 3 to 30 meters. Extrusive rock Igneous rock derived from deep-seated molten matter (magma) deposited and cooled on the earth’s surface. Fallow Cropland left idle in order to restore productivity through accumulation of moisture. Summer fallow is common in regions of limited rainfall where cereal grain is grown. The soil is tilled for at least one growing season for weed control and decomposition of plant residue. Fan remnant A general term for landforms that are the remaining parts of older fan landforms, such as alluvial fans, that have been either dissected or partially buried. Fertility, soil The quality that enables a soil to provide plant nutrients, in adequate amounts and in proper balance, for the growth of specified plants when light, moisture, temperature, tilth, and other growth factors are favorable. Fibric soil material (peat) The least decomposed of all organic soil material. Peat contains a large amount of well preserved fiber that is readily identifiable according to botanical origin. Peat has the lowest bulk density and the highest water content at saturation of all organic soil material. Field moisture capacity The moisture content of a soil, expressed as a percentage of the ovendry weight, after the gravitational, or free, water has drained away; the field moisture content 2 or 3 days after a soaking rain; also called normal field capacity, normal moisture capacity, or capillary capacity. Fill slope A sloping surface consisting of excavated soil material from a road cut. It commonly is on the downhill side of the road. Fine textured soil Sandy clay, silty clay, or clay. Firebreak An area cleared of flammable material to stop or help control creeping or running fires. It also serves as a line from which to work and to facilitate the movement of firefighters and equipment. Designated roads also serve as firebreaks. Custom Soil Resource Report 35 First bottom An obsolete, informal term loosely applied to the lowest flood-plain steps that are subject to regular flooding. Flaggy soil material Material that has, by volume, 15 to 35 percent flagstones. Very flaggy soil material has 35 to 60 percent flagstones, and extremely flaggy soil material has more than 60 percent flagstones. Flagstone A thin fragment of sandstone, limestone, slate, shale, or (rarely) schist 6 to 15 inches (15 to 38 centimeters) long. Flood plain The nearly level plain that borders a stream and is subject to flooding unless protected artificially. Flood-plain landforms A variety of constructional and erosional features produced by stream channel migration and flooding. Examples include backswamps, flood-plain splays, meanders, meander belts, meander scrolls, oxbow lakes, and natural levees. Flood-plain splay A fan-shaped deposit or other outspread deposit formed where an overloaded stream breaks through a levee (natural or artificial) and deposits its material (commonly coarse grained) on the flood plain. Flood-plain step An essentially flat, terrace-like alluvial surface within a valley that is frequently covered by floodwater from the present stream; any approximately horizontal surface still actively modified by fluvial scour and/or deposition. May occur individually or as a series of steps. Fluvial Of or pertaining to rivers or streams; produced by stream or river action. Foothills A region of steeply sloping hills that fringes a mountain range or high-plateau escarpment. The hills have relief of as much as 1,000 feet (300 meters). Footslope The concave surface at the base of a hillslope. A footslope is a transition zone between upslope sites of erosion and transport (shoulders and backslopes) and downslope sites of deposition (toeslopes). Forb Any herbaceous plant not a grass or a sedge. Custom Soil Resource Report 36 Forest cover All trees and other woody plants (underbrush) covering the ground in a forest. Forest type A stand of trees similar in composition and development because of given physical and biological factors by which it may be differentiated from other stands. Fragipan A loamy, brittle subsurface horizon low in porosity and content of organic matter and low or moderate in clay but high in silt or very fine sand. A fragipan appears cemented and restricts roots. When dry, it is hard or very hard and has a higher bulk density than the horizon or horizons above. When moist, it tends to rupture suddenly under pressure rather than to deform slowly. Genesis, soil The mode of origin of the soil. Refers especially to the processes or soil-forming factors responsible for the formation of the solum, or true soil, from the unconsolidated parent material. Gilgai Commonly, a succession of microbasins and microknolls in nearly level areas or of microvalleys and microridges parallel with the slope. Typically, the microrelief of clayey soils that shrink and swell considerably with changes in moisture content. Glaciofluvial deposits Material moved by glaciers and subsequently sorted and deposited by streams flowing from the melting ice. The deposits are stratified and occur in the form of outwash plains, valley trains, deltas, kames, eskers, and kame terraces. Glaciolacustrine deposits Material ranging from fine clay to sand derived from glaciers and deposited in glacial lakes mainly by glacial meltwater. Many deposits are bedded or laminated. Gleyed soil Soil that formed under poor drainage, resulting in the reduction of iron and other elements in the profile and in gray colors. Graded stripcropping Growing crops in strips that grade toward a protected waterway. Grassed waterway A natural or constructed waterway, typically broad and shallow, seeded to grass as protection against erosion. Conducts surface water away from cropland. Custom Soil Resource Report 37 Gravel Rounded or angular fragments of rock as much as 3 inches (2 millimeters to 7.6 centimeters) in diameter. An individual piece is a pebble. Gravel pit (map symbol) An open excavation from which soil and underlying material have been removed and used, without crushing, as a source of sand or gravel. Gravelly soil material Material that has 15 to 35 percent, by volume, rounded or angular rock fragments, not prominently flattened, as much as 3 inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter. Gravelly spot (map symbol) A spot where the surface layer has more than 35 percent, by volume, rock fragments that are mostly less than 3 inches in diameter in an area that has less than 15 percent rock fragments. Green manure crop (agronomy) A soil-improving crop grown to be plowed under in an early stage of maturity or soon after maturity. Ground water Water filling all the unblocked pores of the material below the water table. Gully (map symbol) A small, steep-sided channel caused by erosion and cut in unconsolidated materials by concentrated but intermittent flow of water. The distinction between a gully and a rill is one of depth. A gully generally is an obstacle to farm machinery and is too deep to be obliterated by ordinary tillage whereas a rill is of lesser depth and can be smoothed over by ordinary tillage. Hard bedrock Bedrock that cannot be excavated except by blasting or by the use of special equipment that is not commonly used in construction. Hard to reclaim Reclamation is difficult after the removal of soil for construction and other uses. Revegetation and erosion control are extremely difficult. Hardpan A hardened or cemented soil horizon, or layer. The soil material is sandy, loamy, or clayey and is cemented by iron oxide, silica, calcium carbonate, or other substance. Custom Soil Resource Report 38 Head slope (geomorphology) A geomorphic component of hills consisting of a laterally concave area of a hillside, especially at the head of a drainageway. The overland waterflow is converging. Hemic soil material (mucky peat) Organic soil material intermediate in degree of decomposition between the less decomposed fibric material and the more decomposed sapric material. High-residue crops Such crops as small grain and corn used for grain. If properly managed, residue from these crops can be used to control erosion until the next crop in the rotation is established. These crops return large amounts of organic matter to the soil. Hill A generic term for an elevated area of the land surface, rising as much as 1,000 feet above surrounding lowlands, commonly of limited summit area and having a well defined outline. Slopes are generally more than 15 percent. The distinction between a hill and a mountain is arbitrary and may depend on local usage. Hillslope A generic term for the steeper part of a hill between its summit and the drainage line, valley flat, or depression floor at the base of a hill. Horizon, soil A layer of soil, approximately parallel to the surface, having distinct characteristics produced by soil-forming processes. In the identification of soil horizons, an uppercase letter represents the major horizons. Numbers or lowercase letters that follow represent subdivisions of the major horizons. An explanation of the subdivisions is given in the “Soil Survey Manual.” The major horizons of mineral soil are as follows: Custom Soil Resource Report 39 O horizon: An organic layer of fresh and decaying plant residue. L horizon: A layer of organic and mineral limnic materials, including coprogenous earth (sedimentary peat), diatomaceous earth, and marl. A horizon: The mineral horizon at or near the surface in which an accumulation of humified organic matter is mixed with the mineral material. Also, a plowed surface horizon, most of which was originally part of a B horizon. E horizon: The mineral horizon in which the main feature is loss of silicate clay, iron, aluminum, or some combination of these. B horizon: The mineral horizon below an A horizon. The B horizon is in part a layer of transition from the overlying A to the underlying C horizon. The B horizon also has distinctive characteristics, such as (1) accumulation of clay, sesquioxides, humus, or a combination of these; (2) prismatic or blocky structure; (3) redder or browner colors than those in the A horizon; or (4) a combination of these. C horizon: The mineral horizon or layer, excluding indurated bedrock, that is little affected by soil-forming processes and does not have the properties typical of the overlying soil material. The material of a C horizon may be either like or unlike that in which the solum formed. If the material is known to differ from that in the solum, an Arabic numeral, commonly a 2, precedes the letter C. Cr horizon: Soft, consolidated bedrock beneath the soil. R layer: Consolidated bedrock beneath the soil. The bedrock commonly underlies a C horizon, but it can be directly below an A or a B horizon. M layer: A root-limiting subsoil layer consisting of nearly continuous, horizontally oriented, human-manufactured materials. W layer: A layer of water within or beneath the soil. Humus The well decomposed, more or less stable part of the organic matter in mineral soils. Hydrologic soil groups Refers to soils grouped according to their runoff potential. The soil properties that influence this potential are those that affect the minimum rate of water infiltration on a bare soil during periods after prolonged wetting when the soil is not frozen. These properties include depth to a seasonal high water table, the infiltration rate, and depth to a layer that significantly restricts the downward movement of water. The slope and the kind of plant cover are not considered but are separate factors in predicting runoff. Igneous rock Rock that was formed by cooling and solidification of magma and that has not been changed appreciably by weathering since its formation. Major varieties include plutonic and volcanic rock (e.g., andesite, basalt, and granite). Illuviation The movement of soil material from one horizon to another in the soil profile. Generally, material is removed from an upper horizon and deposited in a lower horizon. Custom Soil Resource Report 40 Impervious soil A soil through which water, air, or roots penetrate slowly or not at all. No soil is absolutely impervious to air and water all the time. Increasers Species in the climax vegetation that increase in amount as the more desirable plants are reduced by close grazing. Increasers commonly are the shorter plants and the less palatable to livestock. Infiltration The downward entry of water into the immediate surface of soil or other material, as contrasted with percolation, which is movement of water through soil layers or material. Infiltration capacity The maximum rate at which water can infiltrate into a soil under a given set of conditions. Infiltration rate The rate at which water penetrates the surface of the soil at any given instant, usually expressed in inches per hour. The rate can be limited by the infiltration capacity of the soil or the rate at which water is applied at the surface. Intake rate The average rate of water entering the soil under irrigation. Most soils have a fast initial rate; the rate decreases with application time. Therefore, intake rate for design purposes is not a constant but is a variable depending on the net irrigation application. The rate of water intake, in inches per hour, is expressed as follows: Very low: Less than 0.2 Low: 0.2 to 0.4 Moderately low: 0.4 to 0.75 Moderate: 0.75 to 1.25 Moderately high: 1.25 to 1.75 High: 1.75 to 2.5 Very high: More than 2.5 Interfluve A landform composed of the relatively undissected upland or ridge between two adjacent valleys containing streams flowing in the same general direction. An elevated area between two drainageways that sheds water to those drainageways. Interfluve (geomorphology) A geomorphic component of hills consisting of the uppermost, comparatively level or gently sloping area of a hill; shoulders of backwearing hillslopes can narrow the upland or can merge, resulting in a strongly convex shape. Custom Soil Resource Report 41 Intermittent stream A stream, or reach of a stream, that does not flow year-round but that is commonly dry for 3 or more months out of 12 and whose channel is generally below the local water table. It flows only during wet periods or when it receives ground-water discharge or long, continued contributions from melting snow or other surface and shallow subsurface sources. Invaders On range, plants that encroach into an area and grow after the climax vegetation has been reduced by grazing. Generally, plants invade following disturbance of the surface. Iron depletions See Redoximorphic features. Irrigation Application of water to soils to assist in production of crops. Methods of irrigation are: Basin: Water is applied rapidly to nearly level plains surrounded by levees or dikes. Border: Water is applied at the upper end of a strip in which the lateral flow of water is controlled by small earth ridges called border dikes, or borders. Controlled flooding: Water is released at intervals from closely spaced field ditches and distributed uniformly over the field. Corrugation: Water is applied to small, closely spaced furrows or ditches in fields of close-growing crops or in orchards so that it flows in only one direction. Drip (or trickle): Water is applied slowly and under low pressure to the surface of the soil or into the soil through such applicators as emitters, porous tubing, or perforated pipe. Furrow: Water is applied in small ditches made by cultivation implements. Furrows are used for tree and row crops. Sprinkler: Water is sprayed over the soil surface through pipes or nozzles from a pressure system. Subirrigation: Water is applied in open ditches or tile lines until the water table is raised enough to wet the soil. Wild flooding: Water, released at high points, is allowed to flow onto an area without controlled distribution. Kame A low mound, knob, hummock, or short irregular ridge composed of stratified sand and gravel deposited by a subglacial stream as a fan or delta at the margin of a melting glacier; by a supraglacial stream in a low place or hole on the surface of the glacier; or as a ponded deposit on the surface or at the margin of stagnant ice. Custom Soil Resource Report 42 Karst (topography) A kind of topography that formed in limestone, gypsum, or other soluble rocks by dissolution and that is characterized by closed depressions, sinkholes, caves, and underground drainage. Knoll A small, low, rounded hill rising above adjacent landforms. Ksat See Saturated hydraulic conductivity. Lacustrine deposit Material deposited in lake water and exposed when the water level is lowered or the elevation of the land is raised. Lake plain A nearly level surface marking the floor of an extinct lake filled by well sorted, generally fine textured, stratified deposits, commonly containing varves. Lake terrace A narrow shelf, partly cut and partly built, produced along a lakeshore in front of a scarp line of low cliffs and later exposed when the water level falls. Landfill (map symbol) An area of accumulated waste products of human habitation, either above or below natural ground level. Landslide A general, encompassing term for most types of mass movement landforms and processes involving the downslope transport and outward deposition of soil and rock materials caused by gravitational forces; the movement may or may not involve saturated materials. The speed and distance of movement, as well as the amount of soil and rock material, vary greatly. Large stones Rock fragments 3 inches (7.6 centimeters) or more across. Large stones adversely affect the specified use of the soil. Lava flow (map symbol) A solidified, commonly lobate body of rock formed through lateral, surface outpouring of molten lava from a vent or fissure. Leaching The removal of soluble material from soil or other material by percolating water. Custom Soil Resource Report 43 Levee (map symbol) An embankment that confines or controls water, especially one built along the banks of a river to prevent overflow onto lowlands. Linear extensibility Refers to the change in length of an unconfined clod as moisture content is decreased from a moist to a dry state. Linear extensibility is used to determine the shrink-swell potential of soils. It is an expression of the volume change between the water content of the clod at 1/3- or 1/10-bar tension (33kPa or 10kPa tension) and oven dryness. Volume change is influenced by the amount and type of clay minerals in the soil. The volume change is the percent change for the whole soil. If it is expressed as a fraction, the resulting value is COLE, coefficient of linear extensibility. Liquid limit The moisture content at which the soil passes from a plastic to a liquid state. Loam Soil material that is 7 to 27 percent clay particles, 28 to 50 percent silt particles, and less than 52 percent sand particles. Loess Material transported and deposited by wind and consisting dominantly of silt- sized particles. Low strength The soil is not strong enough to support loads. Low-residue crops Such crops as corn used for silage, peas, beans, and potatoes. Residue from these crops is not adequate to control erosion until the next crop in the rotation is established. These crops return little organic matter to the soil. Marl An earthy, unconsolidated deposit consisting chiefly of calcium carbonate mixed with clay in approximately equal proportions; formed primarily under freshwater lacustrine conditions but also formed in more saline environments. Marsh or swamp (map symbol) A water-saturated, very poorly drained area that is intermittently or permanently covered by water. Sedges, cattails, and rushes are the dominant vegetation in marshes, and trees or shrubs are the dominant vegetation in swamps. Not used in map units where the named soils are poorly drained or very poorly drained. Mass movement A generic term for the dislodgment and downslope transport of soil and rock material as a unit under direct gravitational stress. Custom Soil Resource Report 44 Masses See Redoximorphic features. Meander belt The zone within which migration of a meandering channel occurs; the flood- plain area included between two imaginary lines drawn tangential to the outer bends of active channel loops. Meander scar A crescent-shaped, concave or linear mark on the face of a bluff or valley wall, produced by the lateral erosion of a meandering stream that impinged upon and undercut the bluff. Meander scroll One of a series of long, parallel, close-fitting, crescent-shaped ridges and troughs formed along the inner bank of a stream meander as the channel migrated laterally down-valley and toward the outer bank. Mechanical treatment Use of mechanical equipment for seeding, brush management, and other management practices. Medium textured soil Very fine sandy loam, loam, silt loam, or silt. Mesa A broad, nearly flat topped and commonly isolated landmass bounded by steep slopes or precipitous cliffs and capped by layers of resistant, nearly horizontal rocky material. The summit width is characteristically greater than the height of the bounding escarpments. Metamorphic rock Rock of any origin altered in mineralogical composition, chemical composition, or structure by heat, pressure, and movement at depth in the earth’s crust. Nearly all such rocks are crystalline. Mine or quarry (map symbol) An open excavation from which soil and underlying material have been removed and in which bedrock is exposed. Also denotes surface openings to underground mines. Mine spoil An accumulation of displaced earthy material, rock, or other waste material removed during mining or excavation. Also called earthy fill. Mineral soil Soil that is mainly mineral material and low in organic material. Its bulk density is more than that of organic soil. Custom Soil Resource Report 45 Minimum tillage Only the tillage essential to crop production and prevention of soil damage. Miscellaneous area A kind of map unit that has little or no natural soil and supports little or no vegetation. Miscellaneous water (map symbol) Small, constructed bodies of water that are used for industrial, sanitary, or mining applications and that contain water most of the year. Moderately coarse textured soil Coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam. Moderately fine textured soil Clay loam, sandy clay loam, or silty clay loam. Mollic epipedon A thick, dark, humus-rich surface horizon (or horizons) that has high base saturation and pedogenic soil structure. It may include the upper part of the subsoil. Moraine In terms of glacial geology, a mound, ridge, or other topographically distinct accumulation of unsorted, unstratified drift, predominantly till, deposited primarily by the direct action of glacial ice in a variety of landforms. Also, a general term for a landform composed mainly of till (except for kame moraines, which are composed mainly of stratified outwash) that has been deposited by a glacier. Some types of moraines are disintegration, end, ground, kame, lateral, recessional, and terminal. Morphology, soil The physical makeup of the soil, including the texture, structure, porosity, consistence, color, and other physical, mineral, and biological properties of the various horizons, and the thickness and arrangement of those horizons in the soil profile. Mottling, soil Irregular spots of different colors that vary in number and size. Descriptive terms are as follows: abundance—few, common, and many; size—fine, medium, and coarse; and contrast—faint, distinct, and prominent. The size measurements are of the diameter along the greatest dimension. Fine indicates less than 5 millimeters (about 0.2 inch); medium, from 5 to 15 millimeters (about 0.2 to 0.6 inch); and coarse, more than 15 millimeters (about 0.6 inch). Mountain A generic term for an elevated area of the land surface, rising more than 1,000 feet (300 meters) above surrounding lowlands, commonly of restricted summit area (relative to a plateau) and generally having steep sides. A mountain can Custom Soil Resource Report 46 occur as a single, isolated mass or in a group forming a chain or range. Mountains are formed primarily by tectonic activity and/or volcanic action but can also be formed by differential erosion. Muck Dark, finely divided, well decomposed organic soil material. (See Sapric soil material.) Mucky peat See Hemic soil material. Mudstone A blocky or massive, fine grained sedimentary rock in which the proportions of clay and silt are approximately equal. Also, a general term for such material as clay, silt, claystone, siltstone, shale, and argillite and that should be used only when the amounts of clay and silt are not known or cannot be precisely identified. Munsell notation A designation of color by degrees of three simple variables—hue, value, and chroma. For example, a notation of 10YR 6/4 is a color with hue of 10YR, value of 6, and chroma of 4. Natric horizon A special kind of argillic horizon that contains enough exchangeable sodium to have an adverse effect on the physical condition of the subsoil. Neutral soil A soil having a pH value of 6.6 to 7.3. (See Reaction, soil.) Nodules See Redoximorphic features. Nose slope (geomorphology) A geomorphic component of hills consisting of the projecting end (laterally convex area) of a hillside. The overland waterflow is predominantly divergent. Nose slopes consist dominantly of colluvium and slope-wash sediments (for example, slope alluvium). Nutrient, plant Any element taken in by a plant essential to its growth. Plant nutrients are mainly nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper, boron, and zinc obtained from the soil and carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen obtained from the air and water. Organic matter Plant and animal residue in the soil in various stages of decomposition. The content of organic matter in the surface layer is described as follows: Custom Soil Resource Report 47 Very low: Less than 0.5 percent Low: 0.5 to 1.0 percent Moderately low: 1.0 to 2.0 percent Moderate: 2.0 to 4.0 percent High: 4.0 to 8.0 percent Very high: More than 8.0 percent Outwash Stratified and sorted sediments (chiefly sand and gravel) removed or “washed out” from a glacier by meltwater streams and deposited in front of or beyond the end moraine or the margin of a glacier. The coarser material is deposited nearer to the ice. Outwash plain An extensive lowland area of coarse textured glaciofluvial material. An outwash plain is commonly smooth; where pitted, it generally is low in relief. Paleoterrace An erosional remnant of a terrace that retains the surface form and alluvial deposits of its origin but was not emplaced by, and commonly does not grade to, a present-day stream or drainage network. Pan A compact, dense layer in a soil that impedes the movement of water and the growth of roots. For example, hardpan, fragipan, claypan, plowpan, and traffic pan. Parent material The unconsolidated organic and mineral material in which soil forms. Peat Unconsolidated material, largely undecomposed organic matter, that has accumulated under excess moisture. (See Fibric soil material.) Ped An individual natural soil aggregate, such as a granule, a prism, or a block. Pedisediment A layer of sediment, eroded from the shoulder and backslope of an erosional slope, that lies on and is being (or was) transported across a gently sloping erosional surface at the foot of a receding hill or mountain slope. Pedon The smallest volume that can be called “a soil.” A pedon is three dimensional and large enough to permit study of all horizons. Its area ranges from about 10 to 100 square feet (1 square meter to 10 square meters), depending on the variability of the soil. Custom Soil Resource Report 48 Percolation The movement of water through the soil. Perennial water (map symbol) Small, natural or constructed lakes, ponds, or pits that contain water most of the year. Permafrost Ground, soil, or rock that remains at or below 0 degrees C for at least 2 years. It is defined on the basis of temperature and is not necessarily frozen. pH value A numerical designation of acidity and alkalinity in soil. (See Reaction, soil.) Phase, soil A subdivision of a soil series based on features that affect its use and management, such as slope, stoniness, and flooding. Piping Formation of subsurface tunnels or pipelike cavities by water moving through the soil. Pitting Pits caused by melting around ice. They form on the soil after plant cover is removed. Plastic limit The moisture content at which a soil changes from semisolid to plastic. Plasticity index The numerical difference between the liquid limit and the plastic limit; the range of moisture content within which the soil remains plastic. Plateau (geomorphology) A comparatively flat area of great extent and elevation; specifically, an extensive land region that is considerably elevated (more than 100 meters) above the adjacent lower lying terrain, is commonly limited on at least one side by an abrupt descent, and has a flat or nearly level surface. A comparatively large part of a plateau surface is near summit level. Playa The generally dry and nearly level lake plain that occupies the lowest parts of closed depressions, such as those on intermontane basin floors. Temporary flooding occurs primarily in response to precipitation and runoff. Playa deposits are fine grained and may or may not have a high water table and saline conditions. Custom Soil Resource Report 49 Plinthite The sesquioxide-rich, humus-poor, highly weathered mixture of clay with quartz and other diluents. It commonly appears as red mottles, usually in platy, polygonal, or reticulate patterns. Plinthite changes irreversibly to an ironstone hardpan or to irregular aggregates on repeated wetting and drying, especially if it is exposed also to heat from the sun. In a moist soil, plinthite can be cut with a spade. It is a form of laterite. Plowpan A compacted layer formed in the soil directly below the plowed layer. Ponding Standing water on soils in closed depressions. Unless the soils are artificially drained, the water can be removed only by percolation or evapotranspiration. Poorly graded Refers to a coarse grained soil or soil material consisting mainly of particles of nearly the same size. Because there is little difference in size of the particles, density can be increased only slightly by compaction. Pore linings See Redoximorphic features. Potential native plant community See Climax plant community. Potential rooting depth (effective rooting depth) Depth to which roots could penetrate if the content of moisture in the soil were adequate. The soil has no properties restricting the penetration of roots to this depth. Prescribed burning Deliberately burning an area for specific management purposes, under the appropriate conditions of weather and soil moisture and at the proper time of day. Productivity, soil The capability of a soil for producing a specified plant or sequence of plants under specific management. Profile, soil A vertical section of the soil extending through all its horizons and into the parent material. Proper grazing use Grazing at an intensity that maintains enough cover to protect the soil and maintain or improve the quantity and quality of the desirable vegetation. This practice increases the vigor and reproduction capacity of the key plants and Custom Soil Resource Report 50 promotes the accumulation of litter and mulch necessary to conserve soil and water. Rangeland Land on which the potential natural vegetation is predominantly grasses, grasslike plants, forbs, or shrubs suitable for grazing or browsing. It includes natural grasslands, savannas, many wetlands, some deserts, tundras, and areas that support certain forb and shrub communities. Reaction, soil A measure of acidity or alkalinity of a soil, expressed as pH values. A soil that tests to pH 7.0 is described as precisely neutral in reaction because it is neither acid nor alkaline. The degrees of acidity or alkalinity, expressed as pH values, are: Ultra acid: Less than 3.5 Extremely acid: 3.5 to 4.4 Very strongly acid: 4.5 to 5.0 Strongly acid: 5.1 to 5.5 Moderately acid: 5.6 to 6.0 Slightly acid: 6.1 to 6.5 Neutral: 6.6 to 7.3 Slightly alkaline: 7.4 to 7.8 Moderately alkaline: 7.9 to 8.4 Strongly alkaline: 8.5 to 9.0 Very strongly alkaline: 9.1 and higher Red beds Sedimentary strata that are mainly red and are made up largely of sandstone and shale. Redoximorphic concentrations See Redoximorphic features. Redoximorphic depletions See Redoximorphic features. Redoximorphic features Redoximorphic features are associated with wetness and result from alternating periods of reduction and oxidation of iron and manganese compounds in the soil. Reduction occurs during saturation with water, and oxidation occurs when the soil is not saturated. Characteristic color patterns are created by these processes. The reduced iron and manganese ions may be removed from a soil if vertical or lateral fluxes of water occur, in which case there is no iron or manganese precipitation in that soil. Wherever the iron and manganese are oxidized and precipitated, they form either soft masses or hard concretions or nodules. Movement of iron and manganese as a result of redoximorphic processes in a soil may result in redoximorphic features that are defined as follows: Custom Soil Resource Report 51 1.Redoximorphic concentrations.—These are zones of apparent accumulation of iron-manganese oxides, including: A.Nodules and concretions, which are cemented bodies that can be removed from the soil intact. Concretions are distinguished from nodules on the basis of internal organization. A concretion typically has concentric layers that are visible to the naked eye. Nodules do not have visible organized internal structure; and B.Masses, which are noncemented concentrations of substances within the soil matrix; and C.Pore linings, i.e., zones of accumulation along pores that may be either coatings on pore surfaces or impregnations from the matrix adjacent to the pores. 2.Redoximorphic depletions.—These are zones of low chroma (chromas less than those in the matrix) where either iron-manganese oxides alone or both iron-manganese oxides and clay have been stripped out, including: A.Iron depletions, i.e., zones that contain low amounts of iron and manganese oxides but have a clay content similar to that of the adjacent matrix; and B.Clay depletions, i.e., zones that contain low amounts of iron, manganese, and clay (often referred to as silt coatings or skeletans). 3.Reduced matrix.—This is a soil matrix that has low chroma in situ but undergoes a change in hue or chroma within 30 minutes after the soil material has been exposed to air. Reduced matrix See Redoximorphic features. Regolith All unconsolidated earth materials above the solid bedrock. It includes material weathered in place from all kinds of bedrock and alluvial, glacial, eolian, lacustrine, and pyroclastic deposits. Relief The relative difference in elevation between the upland summits and the lowlands or valleys of a given region. Residuum (residual soil material) Unconsolidated, weathered or partly weathered mineral material that accumulated as bedrock disintegrated in place. Rill A very small, steep-sided channel resulting from erosion and cut in unconsolidated materials by concentrated but intermittent flow of water. A rill generally is not an obstacle to wheeled vehicles and is shallow enough to be smoothed over by ordinary tillage. Custom Soil Resource Report 52 Riser The vertical or steep side slope (e.g., escarpment) of terraces, flood-plain steps, or other stepped landforms; commonly a recurring part of a series of natural, steplike landforms, such as successive stream terraces. Road cut A sloping surface produced by mechanical means during road construction. It is commonly on the uphill side of the road. Rock fragments Rock or mineral fragments having a diameter of 2 millimeters or more; for example, pebbles, cobbles, stones, and boulders. Rock outcrop (map symbol) An exposure of bedrock at the surface of the earth. Not used where the named soils of the surrounding map unit are shallow over bedrock or where “Rock outcrop” is a named component of the map unit. Root zone The part of the soil that can be penetrated by plant roots. Runoff The precipitation discharged into stream channels from an area. The water that flows off the surface of the land without sinking into the soil is called surface runoff. Water that enters the soil before reaching surface streams is called ground-water runoff or seepage flow from ground water. Saline soil A soil containing soluble salts in an amount that impairs growth of plants. A saline soil does not contain excess exchangeable sodium. Saline spot (map symbol) An area where the surface layer has an electrical conductivity of 8 mmhos/cm more than the surface layer of the named soils in the surrounding map unit. The surface layer of the surrounding soils has an electrical conductivity of 2 mmhos/cm or less. Sand As a soil separate, individual rock or mineral fragments from 0.05 millimeter to 2.0 millimeters in diameter. Most sand grains consist of quartz. As a soil textural class, a soil that is 85 percent or more sand and not more than 10 percent clay. Sandstone Sedimentary rock containing dominantly sand-sized particles. Custom Soil Resource Report 53 Sandy spot (map symbol) A spot where the surface layer is loamy fine sand or coarser in areas where the surface layer of the named soils in the surrounding map unit is very fine sandy loam or finer. Sapric soil material (muck) The most highly decomposed of all organic soil material. Muck has the least amount of plant fiber, the highest bulk density, and the lowest water content at saturation of all organic soil material. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) The ease with which pores of a saturated soil transmit water. Formally, the proportionality coefficient that expresses the relationship of the rate of water movement to hydraulic gradient in Darcy’s Law, a law that describes the rate of water movement through porous media. Commonly abbreviated as “Ksat.” Terms describing saturated hydraulic conductivity are: Very high: 100 or more micrometers per second (14.17 or more inches per hour) High: 10 to 100 micrometers per second (1.417 to 14.17 inches per hour) Moderately high: 1 to 10 micrometers per second (0.1417 inch to 1.417 inches per hour) Moderately low: 0.1 to 1 micrometer per second (0.01417 to 0.1417 inch per hour) Low: 0.01 to 0.1 micrometer per second (0.001417 to 0.01417 inch per hour) Very low: Less than 0.01 micrometer per second (less than 0.001417 inch per hour). To convert inches per hour to micrometers per second, multiply inches per hour by 7.0572. To convert micrometers per second to inches per hour, multiply micrometers per second by 0.1417. Saturation Wetness characterized by zero or positive pressure of the soil water. Under conditions of saturation, the water will flow from the soil matrix into an unlined auger hole. Scarification The act of abrading, scratching, loosening, crushing, or modifying the surface to increase water absorption or to provide a more tillable soil. Sedimentary rock A consolidated deposit of clastic particles, chemical precipitates, or organic remains accumulated at or near the surface of the earth under normal low temperature and pressure conditions. Sedimentary rocks include consolidated equivalents of alluvium, colluvium, drift, and eolian, lacustrine, and marine deposits. Examples are sandstone, siltstone, mudstone, claystone, shale, conglomerate, limestone, dolomite, and coal. Custom Soil Resource Report 54 Sequum A sequence consisting of an illuvial horizon and the overlying eluvial horizon. (See Eluviation.) Series, soil A group of soils that have profiles that are almost alike, except for differences in texture of the surface layer. All the soils of a series have horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and arrangement. Severely eroded spot (map symbol) An area where, on the average, 75 percent or more of the original surface layer has been lost because of accelerated erosion. Not used in map units in which “severely eroded,” “very severely eroded,” or “gullied” is part of the map unit name. Shale Sedimentary rock that formed by the hardening of a deposit of clay, silty clay, or silty clay loam and that has a tendency to split into thin layers. Sheet erosion The removal of a fairly uniform layer of soil material from the land surface by the action of rainfall and surface runoff. Short, steep slope (map symbol) A narrow area of soil having slopes that are at least two slope classes steeper than the slope class of the surrounding map unit. Shoulder The convex, erosional surface near the top of a hillslope. A shoulder is a transition from summit to backslope. Shrink-swell The shrinking of soil when dry and the swelling when wet. Shrinking and swelling can damage roads, dams, building foundations, and other structures. It can also damage plant roots. Shrub-coppice dune A small, streamlined dune that forms around brush and clump vegetation. Side slope (geomorphology) A geomorphic component of hills consisting of a laterally planar area of a hillside. The overland waterflow is predominantly parallel. Side slopes are dominantly colluvium and slope-wash sediments. Silica A combination of silicon and oxygen. The mineral form is called quartz. Custom Soil Resource Report 55 Silica-sesquioxide ratio The ratio of the number of molecules of silica to the number of molecules of alumina and iron oxide. The more highly weathered soils or their clay fractions in warm-temperate, humid regions, and especially those in the tropics, generally have a low ratio. Silt As a soil separate, individual mineral particles that range in diameter from the upper limit of clay (0.002 millimeter) to the lower limit of very fine sand (0.05 millimeter). As a soil textural class, soil that is 80 percent or more silt and less than 12 percent clay. Siltstone An indurated silt having the texture and composition of shale but lacking its fine lamination or fissility; a massive mudstone in which silt predominates over clay. Similar soils Soils that share limits of diagnostic criteria, behave and perform in a similar manner, and have similar conservation needs or management requirements for the major land uses in the survey area. Sinkhole (map symbol) A closed, circular or elliptical depression, commonly funnel shaped, characterized by subsurface drainage and formed either by dissolution of the surface of underlying bedrock (e.g., limestone, gypsum, or salt) or by collapse of underlying caves within bedrock. Complexes of sinkholes in carbonate-rock terrain are the main components of karst topography. Site index A designation of the quality of a forest site based on the height of the dominant stand at an arbitrarily chosen age. For example, if the average height attained by dominant and codominant trees in a fully stocked stand at the age of 50 years is 75 feet, the site index is 75. Slickensides (pedogenic) Grooved, striated, and/or glossy (shiny) slip faces on structural peds, such as wedges; produced by shrink-swell processes, most commonly in soils that have a high content of expansive clays. Slide or slip (map symbol) A prominent landform scar or ridge caused by fairly recent mass movement or descent of earthy material resulting from failure of earth or rock under shear stress along one or several surfaces. Slope The inclination of the land surface from the horizontal. Percentage of slope is the vertical distance divided by horizontal distance, then multiplied by 100. Thus, a slope of 20 percent is a drop of 20 feet in 100 feet of horizontal distance. Custom Soil Resource Report 56 Slope alluvium Sediment gradually transported down the slopes of mountains or hills primarily by nonchannel alluvial processes (i.e., slope-wash processes) and characterized by particle sorting. Lateral particle sorting is evident on long slopes. In a profile sequence, sediments may be distinguished by differences in size and/or specific gravity of rock fragments and may be separated by stone lines. Burnished peds and sorting of rounded or subrounded pebbles or cobbles distinguish these materials from unsorted colluvial deposits. Slow refill The slow filling of ponds, resulting from restricted water transmission in the soil. Slow water movement Restricted downward movement of water through the soil. See Saturated hydraulic conductivity. Sodic (alkali) soil A soil having so high a degree of alkalinity (pH 8.5 or higher) or so high a percentage of exchangeable sodium (15 percent or more of the total exchangeable bases), or both, that plant growth is restricted. Sodic spot (map symbol) An area where the surface layer has a sodium adsorption ratio that is at least 10 more than that of the surface layer of the named soils in the surrounding map unit. The surface layer of the surrounding soils has a sodium adsorption ratio of 5 or less. Sodicity The degree to which a soil is affected by exchangeable sodium. Sodicity is expressed as a sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of a saturation extract, or the ratio of Na+ to Ca++ + Mg++. The degrees of sodicity and their respective ratios are: Slight: Less than 13:1 Moderate: 13-30:1 Strong: More than 30:1 Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) A measure of the amount of sodium (Na) relative to calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in the water extract from saturated soil paste. It is the ratio of the Na concentration divided by the square root of one-half of the Ca + Mg concentration. Soft bedrock Bedrock that can be excavated with trenching machines, backhoes, small rippers, and other equipment commonly used in construction. Custom Soil Resource Report 57 Soil A natural, three-dimensional body at the earth’s surface. It is capable of supporting plants and has properties resulting from the integrated effect of climate and living matter acting on earthy parent material, as conditioned by relief and by the passage of time. Soil separates Mineral particles less than 2 millimeters in equivalent diameter and ranging between specified size limits. The names and sizes, in millimeters, of separates recognized in the United States are as follows: Very coarse sand: 2.0 to 1.0 Coarse sand: 1.0 to 0.5 Medium sand: 0.5 to 0.25 Fine sand: 0.25 to 0.10 Very fine sand: 0.10 to 0.05 Silt: 0.05 to 0.002 Clay: Less than 0.002 Solum The upper part of a soil profile, above the C horizon, in which the processes of soil formation are active. The solum in soil consists of the A, E, and B horizons. Generally, the characteristics of the material in these horizons are unlike those of the material below the solum. The living roots and plant and animal activities are largely confined to the solum. Spoil area (map symbol) A pile of earthy materials, either smoothed or uneven, resulting from human activity. Stone line In a vertical cross section, a line formed by scattered fragments or a discrete layer of angular and subangular rock fragments (commonly a gravel- or cobble- sized lag concentration) that formerly was draped across a topographic surface and was later buried by additional sediments. A stone line generally caps material that was subject to weathering, soil formation, and erosion before burial. Many stone lines seem to be buried erosion pavements, originally formed by sheet and rill erosion across the land surface. Stones Rock fragments 10 to 24 inches (25 to 60 centimeters) in diameter if rounded or 15 to 24 inches (38 to 60 centimeters) in length if flat. Stony Refers to a soil containing stones in numbers that interfere with or prevent tillage. Custom Soil Resource Report 58 Stony spot (map symbol) A spot where 0.01 to 0.1 percent of the soil surface is covered by rock fragments that are more than 10 inches in diameter in areas where the surrounding soil has no surface stones. Strath terrace A type of stream terrace; formed as an erosional surface cut on bedrock and thinly mantled with stream deposits (alluvium). Stream terrace One of a series of platforms in a stream valley, flanking and more or less parallel to the stream channel, originally formed near the level of the stream; represents the remnants of an abandoned flood plain, stream bed, or valley floor produced during a former state of fluvial erosion or deposition. Stripcropping Growing crops in a systematic arrangement of strips or bands that provide vegetative barriers to wind erosion and water erosion. Structure, soil The arrangement of primary soil particles into compound particles or aggregates. The principal forms of soil structure are: Platy: Flat and laminated Prismatic: Vertically elongated and having flat tops Columnar: Vertically elongated and having rounded tops Angular blocky: Having faces that intersect at sharp angles (planes) Subangular blocky: Having subrounded and planar faces (no sharp angles) Granular: Small structural units with curved or very irregular faces Structureless soil horizons are defined as follows: Single grained: Entirely noncoherent (each grain by itself), as in loose sand Massive: Occurring as a coherent mass Stubble mulch Stubble or other crop residue left on the soil or partly worked into the soil. It protects the soil from wind erosion and water erosion after harvest, during preparation of a seedbed for the next crop, and during the early growing period of the new crop. Subsoil Technically, the B horizon; roughly, the part of the solum below plow depth. Subsoiling Tilling a soil below normal plow depth, ordinarily to shatter a hardpan or claypan. Custom Soil Resource Report 59 Substratum The part of the soil below the solum. Subsurface layer Any surface soil horizon (A, E, AB, or EB) below the surface layer. Summer fallow The tillage of uncropped land during the summer to control weeds and allow storage of moisture in the soil for the growth of a later crop. A practice common in semiarid regions, where annual precipitation is not enough to produce a crop every year. Summer fallow is frequently practiced before planting winter grain. Summit The topographically highest position of a hillslope. It has a nearly level (planar or only slightly convex) surface. Surface layer The soil ordinarily moved in tillage, or its equivalent in uncultivated soil, ranging in depth from 4 to 10 inches (10 to 25 centimeters). Frequently designated as the “plow layer,” or the “Ap horizon.” Surface soil The A, E, AB, and EB horizons, considered collectively. It includes all subdivisions of these horizons. Talus Rock fragments of any size or shape (commonly coarse and angular) derived from and lying at the base of a cliff or very steep rock slope. The accumulated mass of such loose broken rock formed chiefly by falling, rolling, or sliding. Taxadjuncts Soils that cannot be classified in a series recognized in the classification system. Such soils are named for a series they strongly resemble and are designated as taxadjuncts to that series because they differ in ways too small to be of consequence in interpreting their use and behavior. Soils are recognized as taxadjuncts only when one or more of their characteristics are slightly outside the range defined for the family of the series for which the soils are named. Terminal moraine An end moraine that marks the farthest advance of a glacier. It typically has the form of a massive arcuate or concentric ridge, or complex of ridges, and is underlain by till and other types of drift. Terrace (conservation) An embankment, or ridge, constructed across sloping soils on the contour or at a slight angle to the contour. The terrace intercepts surface runoff so that water soaks into the soil or flows slowly to a prepared outlet. A terrace in a field Custom Soil Resource Report 60 generally is built so that the field can be farmed. A terrace intended mainly for drainage has a deep channel that is maintained in permanent sod. Terrace (geomorphology) A steplike surface, bordering a valley floor or shoreline, that represents the former position of a flood plain, lake, or seashore. The term is usually applied both to the relatively flat summit surface (tread) that was cut or built by stream or wave action and to the steeper descending slope (scarp or riser) that has graded to a lower base level of erosion. Terracettes Small, irregular steplike forms on steep hillslopes, especially in pasture, formed by creep or erosion of surficial materials that may be induced or enhanced by trampling of livestock, such as sheep or cattle. Texture, soil The relative proportions of sand, silt, and clay particles in a mass of soil. The basic textural classes, in order of increasing proportion of fine particles, are sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, loam, silt loam, silt, sandy clay loam, clay loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay, and clay. The sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam classes may be further divided by specifying “coarse,” “fine,” or “very fine.” Thin layer Otherwise suitable soil material that is too thin for the specified use. Till Dominantly unsorted and nonstratified drift, generally unconsolidated and deposited directly by a glacier without subsequent reworking by meltwater, and consisting of a heterogeneous mixture of clay, silt, sand, gravel, stones, and boulders; rock fragments of various lithologies are embedded within a finer matrix that can range from clay to sandy loam. Till plain An extensive area of level to gently undulating soils underlain predominantly by till and bounded at the distal end by subordinate recessional or end moraines. Tilth, soil The physical condition of the soil as related to tillage, seedbed preparation, seedling emergence, and root penetration. Toeslope The gently inclined surface at the base of a hillslope. Toeslopes in profile are commonly gentle and linear and are constructional surfaces forming the lower part of a hillslope continuum that grades to valley or closed-depression floors. Custom Soil Resource Report 61 Topsoil The upper part of the soil, which is the most favorable material for plant growth. It is ordinarily rich in organic matter and is used to topdress roadbanks, lawns, and land affected by mining. Trace elements Chemical elements, for example, zinc, cobalt, manganese, copper, and iron, in soils in extremely small amounts. They are essential to plant growth. Tread The flat to gently sloping, topmost, laterally extensive slope of terraces, flood- plain steps, or other stepped landforms; commonly a recurring part of a series of natural steplike landforms, such as successive stream terraces. Tuff A generic term for any consolidated or cemented deposit that is 50 percent or more volcanic ash. Upland An informal, general term for the higher ground of a region, in contrast with a low-lying adjacent area, such as a valley or plain, or for land at a higher elevation than the flood plain or low stream terrace; land above the footslope zone of the hillslope continuum. Valley fill The unconsolidated sediment deposited by any agent (water, wind, ice, or mass wasting) so as to fill or partly fill a valley. Variegation Refers to patterns of contrasting colors assumed to be inherited from the parent material rather than to be the result of poor drainage. Varve A sedimentary layer or a lamina or sequence of laminae deposited in a body of still water within a year. Specifically, a thin pair of graded glaciolacustrine layers seasonally deposited, usually by meltwater streams, in a glacial lake or other body of still water in front of a glacier. Very stony spot (map symbol) A spot where 0.1 to 3.0 percent of the soil surface is covered by rock fragments that are more than 10 inches in diameter in areas where the surface of the surrounding soil is covered by less than 0.01 percent stones. Water bars Smooth, shallow ditches or depressional areas that are excavated at an angle across a sloping road. They are used to reduce the downward velocity of water and divert it off and away from the road surface. Water bars can easily be driven over if constructed properly. Custom Soil Resource Report 62 Weathering All physical disintegration, chemical decomposition, and biologically induced changes in rocks or other deposits at or near the earth’s surface by atmospheric or biologic agents or by circulating surface waters but involving essentially no transport of the altered material. Well graded Refers to soil material consisting of coarse grained particles that are well distributed over a wide range in size or diameter. Such soil normally can be easily increased in density and bearing properties by compaction. Contrasts with poorly graded soil. Wet spot (map symbol) A somewhat poorly drained to very poorly drained area that is at least two drainage classes wetter than the named soils in the surrounding map unit. Wilting point (or permanent wilting point) The moisture content of soil, on an ovendry basis, at which a plant (specifically a sunflower) wilts so much that it does not recover when placed in a humid, dark chamber. Windthrow The uprooting and tipping over of trees by the wind. Custom Soil Resource Report 63 D APPENDIX D WATER AND SEWER LAYOUT TV TV S S S T TP TP MW MW MW TP TP TP S FTVTV TV TV TV TV E E E E E E P T T T T T T T T TTTT T T T T F T CO F S S S S S SS S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S SS S S SS S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S SS S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S SS S S S S S S B B DYH DYH DYH DYH DYH DYH DYH DYH DYH DYH DYH DYH DYHDYH DYH DYH DYH DYH DYH DYH DYH DYH DYH DYH DYH DYH DYH DYH DYH DYH B DYHB B B B B B B B B B B B B B B DYH B DYH B DYH DYH B DYH DYH DYH DYH DYH DYHDYH VERT 22.5VERT 22.5 VERT 22.5VERT 22.5VERT 11.25 VERT 11.25 FU T U R E B O O M E R A N G R D FU T U R E T U R N R O W T R A I L FU T U R E R O W D Y R D QUIC KSILVE R RD FUT URE TE ME RI TY LNFUTU RE FER GUSON AVENUEGUNSMOKE AVEFUT U R E R O W D Y R D FU T U R E T U R N R O W T R A I L FU T U R E D U R A N G O L NFUTURE ROWDY RDFUT URE CA NTLE WAY FU T U R E M U L E Y W A Y FUTURE DURANGO FUTURE BOOMERANG RD QUICKSILV E R RD TURNROW TRAIL DURANGO LN FU T U R E C A N T L E W A Y FUTURE FERGUSON AVENUE FUTURE WESTLAKE RD GU N S M O K E A V EFUTURE ROWDY RDWESTLAKE RD FU T U R E D U R A N G O L N DAVIS LNFUTU RE MUL EY W AY FU T U R E M U L E Y W A Y FU T U R E W E S T L A K E R D FIGURE NUMBER © PROJECT NO.DRAWN BY: DSGN. BY: APPR. BY: DATE: COPYRIGHT MORRISON-MAIERLE,2024 Plotted by rosie nickelson on Jul/30/2024 engineers surveyors planners scientists MorrisonMaierle 2880 Technology Blvd West Bozeman, MT 59718 406.587.0721 www.m-m.net N:\6916\004 - Turnrow Preliminary Plat\ACAD\Exhibits\6916.004_Utility_Layout.dwg6916.004 APPX. D RSP BOZEMAN MONTANA WATER AND SEWER LAYOUT LRH TURNROW SUBDIVISION MASTER SITE PLAN SUBMITTAL MEE 04/2024 150 3000 SCALE IN FEET PHASE 1 BOUNDARY PROPOSED SECONDARY WATER SUPPLY LOOP PROPOSED SEWER MAIN (TYP.) FUTURE SEWER MAIN (TYP.) FUTURE WATER MAIN (TYP.) FUTURE PARALLEL GRAVITY SEWER AND SEWER FORCE MAINS FUTURE LIFT STATION PROPOSED SEWER FORCE MAIN (TYP.) PROPOSED WATER MAIN (TYP.) TIE TO EXST MANHOLE AT EXISTING 15" SEWER STUB PROPOSED LIVE TAP TO EXST 12" WATER MAIN E. V A L L E Y C E N T E R R D .DAVIS LN. E APPENDIX E INFRASTRUCTURE PHASING EXHIBIT VILLAGEGREEN PLAZA PATIO 247 VILLAGEGREEN PATIO BT BTBTBTBT BT BT BT BT BTBTBTBTBT BT BT BTBTBTBT BT BT BT BT BTBT BT BT BT BT BTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBT BT BTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBT BT BTBT BT BT BT BTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBT BT BT BT BT BTBT BT BT BT BTBT BT BTBT BTBT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBTBTBT BTBTBTBTBTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBT BT BT BTBTBTBTBTBTBTBT BT BT BTBTBTBTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBT BT BT BTBT BT BT BTBT BTBT BT BT BT BTBT BT BT BT BT BTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBT BT BT BTBTBTBT BTBTNG NG NG NG NG N G NG NG NG NG NG N G TV TV S S S TOHPOHPOHPOHPOHPTP TPOHP MW MW MW TP TP TP S SSSSSFTVTV TV TV TV TV EE E E E E P T TT T T T T T TTTT T BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF B F BF BFBF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BFB F BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BFBFBFBFBFBFBFBFBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTVBTV BT V BT V BT V BT V BT V B T V BT V BT V BT V BT V BT V BT V BT V BT V BT V BT V BTV BTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTV BTV BTV BTV BTV XXXXX X X X X X XXXXXXXX X X X X X X XXX X X X NG NG NG NG NG N G NG NG NG NG NG N G OHPOHP OHP OHP OHP OHP OHP OH P OHP OHP OHP OHP OHP OHP OHP OHP OHP T T X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X T T X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X OH P OH P OH P OH P OH P OH P OH P OH P OH P OH P OH P OH P O H P O H P F TBF BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT B T BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT S XXXXXXXX XXBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTWWWWWXXBTBTBT CO F S S S S S SS S S S S S S S S S S S S S SS S S S SSSSSSSSSS S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S SSSSS SSSSSSSSSS SS SSS S S S S SS S S SS S S S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 10S 10 S 10S10S10S10SS S S S S S S S S S SS SS SSS SS S S S S S S S S S S S S S S SS S S S S S S S S S S S S S SSSSS S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S 8S 8S 8S8SS S SS8S 8S8S 8S8S8S8S8S8S8S10S10S10S10S10S10S10S10SS S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S SSSSSS S S S S S S S SSSSSSS S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S 12S FM FM FM FM FM FM FM FM FM FM FM FM FM S S FM FMFM 8S S S S S S S S S 18S 18S 8W8W 8W8W 8W 8W8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 12W 12W 12W 8W8W8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8 W 8 W 8W 8W 12W12W 12W 12W 12W 12W12W 12W 12W 12W 12W 12W 12W 12W 12W 12W 12W 8W8W 8W 8W 8 W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W8W8W8W8W8W8W8W12W12W 12 W 12 W 12 W 12 W 12 W 12 W 12 W 12 W 12 W 12 W 12 W 12 W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8 W 8W 8W8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W DYH DYH DYH DYH 12W 12W DYH DYH DYH DYH DYH DYH DYH DYH DYHDYH 8W 8W 8W8WB DYH B B B B B B B 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W8W8W8W8W 8W 8W 8W 8 W 8W 8W 8W 12 W 12 W 12W12WB 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W DYH B 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W B DYH8 W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W B 8W 8W DYH WSWS 8W 8W 8W8W 8W 8W 8W8WN0°36'05"E 2552.36'R=1834.86'L=619.18' Δ=19°20'05" CB=S78°53'01"E CH=616.25' S82°50'39"E 59.79' R=1849.86' L=375.42' Δ=11°37'40" CB=S61°36'08"E CH=374.77' S54°16'17"E 147.56' S53°32'27"E 302.20' S39°33'03"E 62.05' S53°32'27"E 1350.11' S33°51'43"E 120.68' R=523.09' L=160.42' Δ=17°34'16" CB=S9°16'00"E CH=159.79' S0°36'43"W 195.38' S89°23'17"E 50.00' S0°36'43"W 464.88' S89°29'25"W 420.77' S0°36'43"W 189.74' S89°29'32"W 2221.92' 30 S D 30 S D 24S D 24 S D 24 S D 18 S D 18 S D 18 S D 15SD15 S D 15S D 15 S D18SD18SD18SD 18SD18SD 18SD 15SD 15SD D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D12SD12SD12SD 12SD 12S D 12SD 15SD 15SDD D D15SD15SD15SD 15SD 15SD24SDD D D12SD 15SD15SDD D15SDD D D D D D 24SD 24SD24SD D D D DDDDDDDDDDD D D D D D D D D D M HH HH HH HH HH HH HHHH HH HH HH HH HHHH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HHHH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HHHHHHHH HH HH HH HH HH HH HHHHHH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HHHHBLOCK 1 BLOCK 2 BLOCK 3 BLOCK 4 BLOCK 5 BLOCK 6BLOCK 9BLOCK 10 BLOCK 5 LEGEND 8W 8W PROPOSED SURFACE POND (SIZE VARIES) TEMPORARY SURFACE POND (SIZE VARIES) PHASE 1 WATER 8S 8S PHASE 1 SEWER 15SD 15SD PHASE 1 STORM PHASE 1 UTILITY CULVERTS FM 15SD 15SD FUTURE FORCEMAIN FUTURE STORM FUTURE UTILITY CULVERTS 8W 8W FUTURE WATER S S FUTURE SEWER PHASE 1 BURIED ELECTRIC PHASE 1 BURIED GAS PROPOSED UNDERGROUND STORM TREATMENT FUTURE SURFACE POND (SIZE VARIES) UNDERGROUND PROPOSED GRAVEL BT BT PHASE 1 BURIED COMMUNICATIONS FM PHASE 1 FORCE MAIN PHASE 1 LIGHTING CONDUIT PHASE 1 LIGHT POLE FIXTURE HH PHASE 1 LIGHTING JUNCTION BOX GENERAL NOTES: 1.SERVICE LINES TO FUTURE LOTS BEYOND PHASE 1 ARE NOT SHOWN. 2.ROADS SHOWN WITH FUTURE R.O.W. SHALL BE DEDICATED AS EASEMENTS DURING PHASE 1, UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED. WATER NOTES: 1.WATER MAINS SHALL BE CONSTRUCTED OF DUCTILE IRON AND WRAPPED IN V-BIO ENHANCED POLYETHYLENE PER C.O.B. REQUIREMENTS, UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED. 2.DOMESTIC WATER SERVICES SHALL BE 1" TYPE "K" COPPER PER C.O.B. STD. DETAILS NO. 02660-6 AND 02660-15, UNLESS NOTED OTHERWISE. SEWER NOTES: 1.SEWER MAINS SHALL BE CONSTRUCTED OF SDR-35 PVC PER C.O.B. STANDARDS. 2.SEWER MANHOLES SHALL BE INSTALLED PER C.O.B. STD. DWG. NO. 02720-3. 3.INSTALL SEWER SERVICE PER C.O.B. STD. DWG. NO. 02720-2. IF DEPTH OF COVER AT STUB END WILL EXCEED 6.5 FEET, FOLLOW C.O.B. STD. DWG. NO. 02720-3. 4.BUILDINGS WITHIN LOTS THAT ARE ELIGIBLE FOR CONCURRENT CONSTRUCTION SHALL HAVE A SEWER SERVICE VIDEO INSPECTION COMPLETED BY THE OWNER OF THE BUILDING TO VERIFY THAT NO DAMAGE OCCURRED DURING CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES. THE VIDEO SHALL BE REQUIRED TO BE SUBMITTED TO THE CITY OF BOZEMAN, AND OCCUPANCY SHALL NOT BE GRANTED FOR THE BUILDING UNTIL RECEIVED AND APPROVED BY THE CITY. 150 300751500 SCALE IN FEET FIGURE NUMBER © PROJECT NO.DRAWN BY: DSGN. BY: APPR. BY: DATE: COPYRIGHT MORRISON-MAIERLE,2024 Plotted by rosie nickelson on Jul/30/2024 engineers surveyors planners scientists MorrisonMaierle 2880 Technology Blvd West Bozeman, MT 59718 406.587.0721 www.m-m.net N:\6916\003 - Turnrow Master Plan\ACAD\Exhibits\6916.003 - PHASING EXHIBIT.dwg6916.003 EX-1 TURNROW SUBDIVISION BOZEMAN MONTANA PHASING EXHIBIT RSP LGH LGH 04/25/24 PARCE L 1 COS 3 0 3 5 VALL E Y C E N T E R S U B . LOT 1 LOT 1 A LOT 7 LOT 7 A LOT 8 LOT 8 LOT 1 1 LOT 1 1 A LOT 1 1 B PARK MINOR S U B 4 2 6 LOT 5 LOT 4 BOZEMAN C O M M U N I T Y PLAN FUT U R E L A N D U S E : URBAN NE I G H B O R H O O D BOZEMAN C O M M U N I T Y PLAN FUTU R E L A N D U S E : RESIDENT I A L M I X E D U S E BOZEMAN C O M M U N I T Y PLAN FUT U R E L A N D U S E : URBAN NEI G H B O R H O O D BOZEMAN C O M M U N I T Y PLAN FUTU R E L A N D U S E : URBAN NE I G H B O R H O O D BOZEMAN C O M M U N I T Y PLAN FUTU R E L A N D U S E : URBAN NE I G H B O R H O O D TRACT A - 1 COS 1 6 5 A PARCE L 2 COS 3 0 3 5 VALLE Y C E N T E R S U B. PARC E L 1 COS 3 0 3 5 PARCE L 2 COS 3 0 3 5 FUTURE STORMWATER POND BOZEMAN C O M M U N I T Y PLAN FUTU R E L A N D U S E : RESIDENT I A L M I X E D U S E ZONING - R - 5 GUNSMOKE AVEQUIC K SILVER RD TURNROW TRAIL DURANGO LN G U N S M O K E A V E WESTLAKE RDDAVIS LNFU T U R E B O O M E R A N G R D FUTURE TEMERITY LNFUTURE FERGUSON AVE FU T U R E R O W D Y R D FU T U R E T U R N R O W T R A I L FU T U R E D U R A N G O L NFUTURE ROWDY RDFUTURE FU T U R E M U L E Y W A YFUTURE FERGUSON AVE DURA N G O FU T U R E W E S T L A K E R D EA S T V A L L E Y C E N T E R R O A D - HI G H W A Y S T P S 2 3 5 DAVIS LNQUICKSILVER RD FUTURE CA NTLE WAY FUTURE STORMWATER POND WESTLAKE RD EXISTING 12" WATER MAIN EXISTING 27" SANITARYSEWER MAIN EXISTING 12"WATER MAIN EXISTING 27" SANITARY SEWER MAIN EXISTING PROPERTY BOUNDARY EXISTING PROPERTY BOUNDARY EXISTINGPROPERTY BOUNDARY EXISTING PROPERTY BOUNDARY EXISTING HYDRANT PROPOSED COBPRV EXISTING OVERHEAD POWER TO BE RELOCATED AND/OR BURIED EXISTING OVERHEAD POWERTO BE RELOCATED AND/OR BURIED PROPOSED 12" RCPSTORM CULVERTTEMPORARY STORMWATERPOND NEW 8" LIVE TAP TO EXISTING MAIN PROPOSED PUBLIC UTILITY EASEMENT PROPOSED MANHOLE WITHLINER OR INTERIOR COATINGTO RESIST H2S FROM FUTURE LIFT STATION DISCHARGE EXTEND EXIST. 15" STUB WEST TOPROPOSED MANHOLE PROPOSED SECONDARY PRV FUTURE C.O.B LIFT STATION EXISTING UNNAMED TRIBUTARYTO BUSTER GULCH ZONE 1: 30' WATERCOURSE SETBACK ZONE 2:50' WATERCOURSE SETBACK REMOVE EXISTING 36" CMP REPLACE EXISTING30" CMP EXISTING 24" CMP EXISTINGCATTAIL CREEK PROPOSED 60" RCP CULVERT(REPLACE EXISTING 60" CMP) (2) EXISTING 60" CMP EXISTING 24" CMP EXISTING 24" RCP EXISTING 48" RCP EXISTING 24" CMP EXISTING IRRIGATION DITCH ZONE 1:30' WATERCOURSE SETBACK ZONE 2: 50' WATERCOURSESETBACK RAISED MEDIAN FUTURE POND OVERFLOW PIPE FUTURE POND OVERFLOW OUTFALL EXISTING DITCH DITCH CHANNEL BOUNDARIES TO NORTH UNKNOWN DUE TO LOCATION BEING ON THE PRIVATEPROPERTY BOUNDARY (NOT ABLE TO SURVEY) (ZONE 1 AND ZONE 2 SETBACKS ARECONSERVATIVELY LOCATED 30' AND 50' FROM LOTLINE TO NORTH PROPERTY BOUNDARY) DAVIS LANE PROPOSED 12' ASPHALTSHARED USE PATH PROPOSED 60" RCPSTORM CULVERT PROPOSED 10' CONCRETE SHAREDUSE PATH PROPOSED 30" RCP STORM CULVERT FUTURE COBFORCE MAIN (TYP.) APPROXIMATE LOCATION OF EXISTING DITCH TEMPORARYSTORMWATERPOND TEMPORARY STORMWATERPOND TEMPORARY STORMWATERPOND PROPOSED SURFACESTORAGE P-1 PROPOSED UNDERGROUND STORAGE U-3 PROPOSED UNDERGROUND STORAGE U-1 PHASE 1 BOUNDARY PHASE 1 FUTURE PHASES FUTURE ACCESS AND UTILITY EASEMENTS PROPOSED 60" RCPSTORM CULVERT PROPOSEDTRAFFIC SIGNALPOLE (TYP.) FUTURE CROSSINGT.B.D. PHASE 1 SUBDIVISION BOUNDARY SUB-PHASE 1.1 (ONSITE) SUB-PHASE 1.3 SUB-PHASE 1.4 PHASING LEGEND SUB-PHASE 1.1 (OFFSITE) SUB-PHASE 1.2 FUTURE OFFSITE (PHASE TBD) FUTURE ONSITE SEWER FACILITIES 2 1 3 KEY NOTES FUTURE ONSITE GRAVITY SEWER MAIN (BY OWNER) FUTURE SEWER FORCE MAIN (BY CITY OF BOZEMAN) EAST VALLEY CENTER TAPERED TO THREE LANES PATHWAY CONNECTION TO EXISTING CURB WALK SHARED-USE PATH EXTENSION TO WESTLAKE ROAD 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 5 5 5 5 PHASE 1.1 OFFSITE IMPROVEMENTS GENERALLY INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: -SYMMETRICAL EXPANSION OF VALLEY CENTER ROAD TO 3-LANE SECTION FROM QUICKSILVER ROAD TO DAVIS LANE WITH WITH TAPERS ON EACH END. -INSTALLATION OF A TRAFFIC SIGNAL AT THE DAVIS LANE AND VALLEY CENTER ROAD INTERSECTION. -INSTALLATION OF A SHARED USE PATH PER KEYNOTE . FUTURE OFFSITE IMPROVEMENTS IN LATER PHASES INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: -THE EXPANSION OF VALLEY CENTER ROAD TO A 3-LANE SECTION FROM QUICKSILVER ROAD TO VALLEY SPUR ROAD. -CONNECTING SITE SHARED USE PATH FROM THE CURB WALK AT VALLEY SPUR ROAD TO THE SHARED USE PATH ONSITE. FUTURE ONSITE SEWER IMPROVEMENTS INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: -THE INSTALLATION OF A GRAVITY MAIN ALONG VALLEY CENTER ROAD PARALLEL TO THE CITY OF BOZEMAN FORCE MAIN. -THE COMPLETION OF THE SHARED USE PATH FROM VALLEY SPUR ROAD TO QUICKSILVER ROAD. THIS PATH FUNCTIONS BOTH AS A SHARED USE PATH AND MAINTENANCE VEHICLE ACCESS ROUTE TO THE PROPOSED GRAVITY SEWER MAIN. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 EXISTING 24"RCP CULVERT PROPOSED C.O.B. FORCE MAINTHROUGH BLOCK 1 VILLAGEGREEN PLAZA PATIO 247 VILLAGEGREEN PATIO BT BT BTBTBTBTBTBT BT BT BT BTBTBTBT BT BTBTBTBTBTBT BT BT BT BT BTBTBTBT BTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBT BT BTBTBTBTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBTBT BT BTBTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBTBTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBT BTBTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBTBT BT BT BT BT BT BTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBTBTBT BT BTBTBTBTBTNG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG TV TV S S S TOHPOHPOHPOHPOHPOHPOHPOHPTP TPOHP S S SSSSSSSSTV TV T T T BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF B F BFBFBFBF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BFBFBF BF BFBFBFBFBFBFBFBFBFBFBFBFBTVBTVBT V BT V BT V BT V BT V BT V BT V BT V BT V BT V BT V BT V BTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVX X X X X X NGNG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG O H P OHPOHP OHP OHP OHP T X X X X T X X X X X X X X X X X X OH P OH P OH P OH P OH P OH P T BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT WS XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBT BT BT BT BT BTWWWWWWWXXXXBT BT BTBTCO F S S S S S S S SSSS S SS S S S SS S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S SSSSSSSSSSSSSS S SS SS S S SS S S S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 10 S 10 S 10S10 S 10S10S10S10S10S10S10SS S S S S S S S S S S SS SSS SS SSS SS S S S S S S S S S SSSS S S S S S S S S S S S S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S8SS S SS8S8S 8S8S8S 8S 8S8S8S8S8S8S8S 8S 8S10S10S10S10S10S10S 10S10S10S 10S 10S10SS S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S SS S S S S 8SS S 12S 12S FM FMFM S S FM FM FMFMF M 8 S 8SSS S S S S S S S 10S18S 18S 18S 8W8W8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8 W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 12W 12W 12W 12W 12W 8W8W8W8W8W 8 W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8 W 8 W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8 W 8W 8W12W12W12W12W12W12W12W12W12W12W12W12W12W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 12 W 12 W 12 W 12 W 12 W 12 W 12 W 12 W 12 W 12 W 12 W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8 W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W DYH DYH DYH DYH DYHDYH DYH DYHDYH DYH DYH DYH DYHDYH 8W 8W 8W 8W8W8W8WB DYH B B B B B B B8W8W8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 12 W 12 W 12 W 12W 12W12W12WB 8W DYH B 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W B DYH WSWSWSWS WS 8W 8W 8W 8W B WS 8W 8W 8W 8W DYH WS WS WS WS WS WSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWS WS WS WS WSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS 8W 8W 8W 8W8W8W 8W 8W 8W 8W8W8W8WS33°51'43"E 120.68' R=523.09' L=160.42' Δ=17°34'16" CB=S9°16'00"ECH=159.79' S0°36'43"W 195.38' S89°23'17"E 50.00' S0°36'43"W 464.88' S89°29'25"W 420.77' S0°36'43"W 189.74' S89°29'32"W 2221.92' 24S D 24 S D 24 S D 24 S D 18 S D 18 S D 18 S D 18 S D 15SD15S D 15S D 15S D 15S D18SD18SD18SD18SD18SD 18SD 18SD 18SD 18SD 24SD15SD15SD15SD 12S D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D 12S D 12S D 15SD 15SD 15SD 15SD 15SD 15SD24SD24SDD D 12SD D 24S D 15SD15SD15SDD D15SD15SDD D D D D D 24SD24SD 24SD24S D D D D DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD D D D D D D D D D M HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HHHHHHHHHH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HHHH HH HHHH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HHHH HH HH HHHHBLOCK 1 BLOCK 2 BLOCK 3 BLOCK 4 BLOCK 5 BLOCK 6BLOCK 9BLOCK 10BLOCK 5 GENERAL NOTES: 1.SERVICE LINES TO FUTURE LOTS BEYOND PHASE 1 ARE NOT SHOWN. 2.ROADS SHOWN WITH FUTURE R.O.W. SHALL BE DEDICATED AS EASEMENTS DURING PHASE 1, UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED. 3.PHASE 1.1 OFFSITE IMPROVEMENTS GENERALLY INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: 3.1.SYMMETRICAL EXPANSION OF VALLEY CENTER ROAD TO 3-LANE SECTION FROM QUICKSILVER ROAD TO DAVIS LANE WITH WITH TAPERS ON EACH END. 3.2.INSTALLATION OF A TRAFFIC SIGNAL AT THE DAVIS LANE AND VALLEY CENTER ROAD INTERSECTION. 3.3.INSTALLATION OF THE OFFSITE SHARED USE PATH. WATER NOTES: 1.WATER MAINS SHALL BE CONSTRUCTED OF DUCTILE IRON AND WRAPPED IN V-BIO ENHANCED POLYETHYLENE PER C.O.B. REQUIREMENTS, UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED. 2.DOMESTIC WATER SERVICES SHALL BE 1" TYPE "K" COPPER PER C.O.B. STD. DETAILS NO. 02660-6 AND 02660-15, UNLESS NOTED OTHERWISE. SEWER NOTES: 1.SEWER MAINS SHALL BE CONSTRUCTED OF SDR-35 PVC PER C.O.B. STANDARDS. 2.SEWER MANHOLES SHALL BE INSTALLED PER C.O.B. STD. DWG. NO. 02720-3. 3.INSTALL SEWER SERVICE PER C.O.B. STD. DWG. NO. 02720-2. IF DEPTH OF COVER AT STUB END WILL EXCEED 6.5 FEET, FOLLOW C.O.B. STD. DWG. NO. 02720-3. 4.BUILDINGS WITHIN LOTS THAT ARE ELIGIBLE FOR CONCURRENT CONSTRUCTION SHALL HAVE A SEWER SERVICE VIDEO INSPECTION COMPLETED BY THE OWNER OF THE BUILDING TO VERIFY THAT NO DAMAGE OCCURRED DURING CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES. THE VIDEO SHALL BE REQUIRED TO BE SUBMITTED TO THE CITY OF BOZEMAN, AND OCCUPANCY SHALL NOT BE GRANTED FOR THE BUILDING UNTIL RECEIVED AND APPROVED BY THE CITY. FIGURE NUMBER © PROJECT NO.DRAWN BY: DSGN. BY: APPR. BY: DATE: COPYRIGHT MORRISON-MAIERLE,2024 Plotted by rosie nickelson on Jul/30/2024 engineers surveyors planners scientists MorrisonMaierle 2880 Technology Blvd West Bozeman, MT 59718 406.587.0721 www.m-m.net N:\6916\003 - Turnrow Master Plan\ACAD\Exhibits\6916.003 - PHASING EXHIBIT.dwg6916.003 EX-2 TURNROW SUBDIVISION BOZEMAN MONTANA PHASE 1 SUB-PHASING EXHIBIT RSP LGH LGH 04/25/24 LEGEND 8W 8W PROPOSED SURFACE POND (SIZE VARIES) TEMPORARY SURFACE POND (SIZE VARIES) PHASE 1 WATER 8S 8S PHASE 1 SEWER 15SD 15SD PHASE 1 STORM PHASE 1 UTILITY CULVERTS PHASE 1 BURIED ELECTRIC PHASE 1 BURIED GAS BT BT PHASE 1 BURIED COMMUNICATIONS PROPOSED UNDERGROUND STORM TREATMENT FUTURE SURFACE POND (SIZE VARIES) UNDERGROUND GUNSMOKE AVETURNROW TRAIL DURANGO LN G U N S M O K E A V E WESTLAKE RDDAVIS LNF U T U R E B O O M E R A N G R D FUTURE FERGUSON AVEPHASE 1.1E A S T V A L L E Y C E N T E R R O A D - HI G H W A Y S T P S 2 3 5 DAVIS LNQUICKSILVER RDWESTLAKE RD FU T U R E R O W D Y R D F U T U R E T U R N R O W T R A I L F U T U R E D U R A N G O L N PHASE 1.3PHASE 1.2PHASE 1.4100 200501000 SCALE IN FEET KEY NOTES LOTS WITHIN BLOCK 1 ARE ANTICIPATED TO BE CONSTRUCTED VIA CONCURRENT CONSTRUCTION. OCCUPANCY PHASING FOR THESE LOTS IS FURTHER DESCRIBED IN THE CONCURRENT CONSTRUCTION LETTER PROVIDED SEPARATELY. 1FUTURE TEMERITY LNPHASE 1 SUBDIVISION BOUNDARY SUB-PHASE 1.1 (ONSITE) SUB-PHASE 1.3 SUB-PHASE 1.4 PHASING LEGEND SUB-PHASE 1.1 (OFFSITE) SUB-PHASE 1.2 FUTURE ONSITE SEWER FACILITIES 1 PROPOSED GRAVEL FM D D PHASE 1 FORCE MAIN UPSTREAM RUN-ON DRAIN FM PHASE 1 FORCE MAIN PHASE 1 LIGHTING CONDUIT PHASE 1 LIGHT POLE FIXTURE HH PHASE 1 LIGHTING JUNCTION BOX VILLAGE GREEN PLAZA PATIO 247 VILLAGE GREEN PATIO BT BT BT BT BTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBT BT BTBTBT BTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBT BT BT BTBT BT BTBT BT BT BT BTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBT BT BTBT BT BT BT BTBT BT BTBTBT BT BTBTBTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBT BTBTBT BTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBT BT BT BT BT BTBTBTTV S OHPOHPOHPOHPOHPOHPOHPTP TPOHPOHPOHPOHP S SSSSSSSSTV T BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF B F BFBFBFBFBFBFBFBF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BF BFBFBF BF B F BF BFBFBFBFBFBFBFBFBFBT V BT V BT V BT V BT V BT V BT V BT V BT V BT V BT V BT V BTV BTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVXXXXXX X X X X X X X X OH P OHPOHPOHPX X X X X X X X X X X X OH P OH P OH P OH P OH P T BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTWWWWWWWWXXXXXXXXXXBT S S S S S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 10 S 10 S 10S 10 S 10 S 10 S 1 0S 10S10S10S10S10S10S10SS S S S S S S 8S 8S 8S8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S8S10S10S10S 10S10S10S 10S 10S 10S 10S 10S10S S S S S S S S S S S SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SSSS SS12S 12S 12S 12S 12S S FM FM FM FM FM FMFMFMF M FM FM8S 8 S 8 S 8 S 8SS S S S SSSSSSSSSSSS18S 18S 18S 18S 18S 18S 8W 8W 8W 8W8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8 W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 12W 12W 12W 12W 12W 12W 12W 12W 12W 12W 8W8W 8W 8W 12 W 12 W 12 W 8W8W8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8 W 8W8W8W8W 8W 8W 8W DYH DYH DYH DYHDYH DYHDYHDYH B B B 12 W 12 W 12 W 12 W 12 W 12W 12W 1 2W 12W12W12W12W12W12WWSWSWSWSWSWSWS WS WS WS WS WS WSWS WS WS WS WS WS WS FIRE FIR E WS WS WS WS 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W DYH WSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWS WS 8 W 8 W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W8W8W8W8 W 8W 8W 8W 8W8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W WS 15SD15SD15 S D 24SD 24SD D D D D D D D D 12SD15SD 15SD15SD 15SD 15SD 15SD 15SD 15SD 18 S D 24SD24SD24SD24SD24SDD 12S D 12S D D 24SD 24S D 15SD15SD15SD15SD15SD15SD15SD D 15SD15SD15SD15SD15SDD D D 12SD D D 15S D 12S D D 24SD 24SD 24SD 24SD24SD 24SD24SD 24SD 24S D D 15 S D D D DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD D D D D D D D M HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HHHHHHHHHH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HHHHBLOCK 1 BLOCK 3BLOCK 6BLOCK 9GENERAL NOTES: 1.SERVICE LINES TO FUTURE LOTS BEYOND PHASE 1 ARE NOT SHOWN. 2.ROADS SHOWN WITH FUTURE R.O.W. SHALL BE DEDICATED AS EASEMENTS DURING PHASE 1, UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED. 3.PHASE 1.1 OFFSITE IMPROVEMENTS GENERALLY INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: 3.1.SYMMETRICAL EXPANSION OF VALLEY CENTER ROAD TO 3-LANE SECTION FROM QUICKSILVER ROAD TO DAVIS LANE WITH WITH TAPERS ON EACH END. 3.2.INSTALLATION OF A TRAFFIC SIGNAL AT THE DAVIS LANE AND VALLEY CENTER ROAD INTERSECTION. 3.3.INSTALLATION OF THE OFFSITE SHARED USE PATH. WATER NOTES: 1.WATER MAINS SHALL BE CONSTRUCTED OF DUCTILE IRON AND WRAPPED IN V-BIO ENHANCED POLYETHYLENE PER C.O.B. REQUIREMENTS, UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED. 2.DOMESTIC WATER SERVICES SHALL BE 1" TYPE "K" COPPER PER C.O.B. STD. DETAILS NO. 02660-6 AND 02660-15, UNLESS NOTED OTHERWISE. SEWER NOTES: 1.SEWER MAINS SHALL BE CONSTRUCTED OF SDR-35 PVC PER C.O.B. STANDARDS. 2.SEWER MANHOLES SHALL BE INSTALLED PER C.O.B. STD. DWG. NO. 02720-3. 3.INSTALL SEWER SERVICE PER C.O.B. STD. DWG. NO. 02720-2. IF DEPTH OF COVER AT STUB END WILL EXCEED 6.5 FEET, FOLLOW C.O.B. STD. DWG. NO. 02720-3. 4.BUILDINGS WITHIN LOTS THAT ARE ELIGIBLE FOR CONCURRENT CONSTRUCTION SHALL HAVE A SEWER SERVICE VIDEO INSPECTION COMPLETED BY THE OWNER OF THE BUILDING TO VERIFY THAT NO DAMAGE OCCURRED DURING CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES. THE VIDEO SHALL BE REQUIRED TO BE SUBMITTED TO THE CITY OF BOZEMAN, AND OCCUPANCY SHALL NOT BE GRANTED FOR THE BUILDING UNTIL RECEIVED AND APPROVED BY THE CITY. FIGURE NUMBER © PROJECT NO.DRAWN BY: DSGN. BY: APPR. BY: DATE: COPYRIGHT MORRISON-MAIERLE,2024 Plotted by rosie nickelson on Jul/30/2024 engineers surveyors planners scientists MorrisonMaierle 2880 Technology Blvd West Bozeman, MT 59718 406.587.0721 www.m-m.net N:\6916\003 - Turnrow Master Plan\ACAD\Exhibits\6916.003 - PHASING EXHIBIT.dwg6916.003 EX-3 TURNROW SUBDIVISION BOZEMAN MONTANA SUB-PHASE 1.1 RSP LGH LGH 04/25/24 LEGEND 8W 8W PROPOSED SURFACE POND (SIZE VARIES) TEMPORARY SURFACE POND (SIZE VARIES) PHASE 1.1 WATER 8S 8S PHASE 1.1 SEWER 15SD 15SD PHASE 1.1 STORM PHASE 1.1 UTILITY CULVERTS 15SD 15SD PREVIOUSLY INSTALLED STORM PREVIOUSLY INSTALLED UTILITY CULVERTS 8W 8W PREVIOUSLY INSTALLED WATER S S PREVIOUSLY INSTALLED SEWER PHASE 1.1 BURIED ELECTRIC PHASE 1.1 BURIED GAS BT BT PHASE 1.1 BURIED COMMUNICATIONS PROPOSED UNDERGROUND STORM TREATMENT FUTURE SURFACE POND (SIZE VARIES) UNDERGROUND TURNROW TRAIL G U N S M O K E A V E DAVIS LNF U T U R E B O O M E R A N G R D E A S T V A L L E Y C E N T E R R O A D - HI G H W A Y S T P S 2 3 5 QUICKSILVER RD50 10025500 SCALE IN FEETFUTURE PHASESUB-PHASE 1.1FUTURE PHASESUB-PHASE 1.1S U B - P H A S E 1 . 4 S U B - P H A S E 1 . 1 SUB-PHASE 1.3 SUB-PHASE 1.2 SUB-PHASE 1.1SUB-PHASE 1.1 PHASE 1 BOUNDARY PHASE 1 BOUNDARY REMAINING DAVIS LANE IMPROVEMENTS FOR SUB-PHASE 1.1 IS SHOWN ON EX- 4FUTURE TEMERITY LNCAP WATER MAIN WITH TEMPORARY BLOW OFF PLACE END CAPS ON STORM MAIN AND SEWER MAINCAP WATER MAIN WITH TEMPORARY BLOW OFF PLACE END CAPS ON SEWER MAIN AND STORM MAIN PLACE END CAP ON SEWER MAIN PLACE END CAP ON SEWER MAIN PROPOSED PRV CONNECT TO EXISTING 15" SEWER STUB CONNECT TO EXISTING 12" WATER MAIN WITH A 12" X 12" TAPPING TEE STORM POND P-1 STORM TREATMENT FACILITY U-1 STORM TREATMENT FACILITY U-2 TEMPORARY STORM POND 5.3 TEMPORARY STORM POND 5.4 INSTALL FORCE MAIN PIPING WITHIN PHASE 1 EXTENTS DISCHARGE MANHOLE FOR FORCE MAIN PHASE 1 SUBDIVISION BOUNDARY SUB-PHASE 1.1 (ONSITE) SUB-PHASE 1.3 SUB-PHASE 1.4 PHASING LEGEND SUB-PHASE 1.1 (OFFSITE) SUB-PHASE 1.2 FUTURE ONSITE SEWER FACILITIES CAP WATER MAIN WITH TEMPORARY BLOW OFF CAP WATER MAIN WITH TEMPORARY BLOW OFF CAP WATER MAIN WITH TEMPORARY BLOW OFF 15" RUN-ON CONVEYANCE CONNECT TO EXISTING 12" WATER MAIN WITH A 12" X 8" TAPPING TEE CONCURRENT CONSTRUCTION NOTE LOTS WITHIN BLOCK 1 ARE ANTICIPATED TO BE CONSTRUCTED VIA CONCURRENT CONSTRUCTION. OCCUPANCY PHASING FOR THESE LOTS IS FURTHER DESCRIBED IN THE CONCURRENT CONSTRUCTION LETTER PROVIDED SEPARATELY. PROPOSED PRV END FORCE MAIN INSTALL END CAP 30' WATERCOURSE SETBACK (TYP.) 50' WATERCOURSE SETBACK (TYP.) FM D D PHASE 1.1 FORCE MAIN UPSTREAM RUN-ON DRAIN PHASE 1.1 LIGHTING CONDUIT PHASE 1.1 LIGHT POLE FIXTURE HH PHASE 1.1 LIGHTING JUNCTION BOX PLAZA PATIO PATIOBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBTBTBTBTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBTBTBTBTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBTBTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBTBT BT BT BT BTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBT BTBTBT BTBT BTBTBTBTBTBTBTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBTBTBTBT BT BT BT BT BTBTBTNG NG NG TV TV S S TOHPOHPOHPOHPOHPOHPOHPOHPOHPOHPOHPOHPOHPOHPOHPOHP OHPSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSTV TBFBFBFBFBFBFBFBFBFBFBFBFBFBFBFBFBFBFBFBFBFBF BFBFBTVBTVBTVBTV BTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTVBTV BTVBTV NGNGNG NG NG NG OHP OHP OHP OHP XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBT BT BT BT BT BTWWWWWWWWWWWWWW WXXXXXXXXXS S S S S S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 1 0 S 10S10S10S10S10S10S10S10S10S10S10S10SS S S S S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S8S8S8S8S8SS S SS8S8S8S8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S8S10S10S10S10S10S10S 10S S S S S S S S S SS SS SS SS SS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SSSSSSSS SS SS SS SS SS SS SSSS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SSSS SSSS SS SS SS SS SS SS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS12S 12S SSSS8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8 W 8 W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 12W 12W 12W 12W 12W 12W 12W 12W 12W 12W 8W8W8W8W8W8W8W 8W 8W 8W 8W8W8W8W8W 8W 8W 8W DYH DYHDYHDYH DY HDYH 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W8W8W8W8W8W8W8WDYH B 12W 1 2W 12W 12W12W12W12W12WWS WS WS WS WS WS WS WSWSWS WSWSWSWSWS WS WS WS WS WS BWS WS 8W WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWS WS WS S0°36'43"W 195.38' S89°23'17"E 50.00' S0°36'43"W 464.88' S89°29'25"W 420.77' S0°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© PROJECT NO.DRAWN BY: DSGN. BY: APPR. BY: DATE: COPYRIGHT MORRISON-MAIERLE,2024 Plotted by rosie nickelson on Jul/30/2024 engineers surveyors planners scientists MorrisonMaierle 2880 Technology Blvd West Bozeman, MT 59718 406.587.0721 www.m-m.net N:\6916\003 - Turnrow Master Plan\ACAD\Exhibits\6916.003 - PHASING EXHIBIT.dwg6916.003 EX-4 TURNROW SUBDIVISION BOZEMAN MONTANA SUB-PHASE 1.1 (DAVIS LANE) AND SUB-PHASE 1.2 RSP LGH LGH 04/25/24GUNSMOKE AVETURNROW TRAIL DURANGO LN WESTLAKE RD DAVIS LN50 10025500 SCALE IN FEETSUB-PHASE 1.2SUB-PHASE 1.3SUB-PHASE 1.1 SUB-PHASE 1.2 SUB-PHASE 1.2SUB-PHASE 1.1SUB-PHASE 1.2 SUB-PHASE 1.4 PROPERTY BOUNDARY CONNECT TO EXISTING 8" SEWER MAIN STUB CONNECT TO EXISTING 8" WATER MAIN STUB CONNECT TO EXISTING 15" STORM DRAINAGE MAIN STUB CAP WATER MAIN WITH TEMPORARY BLOW OFF CAP WATER MAIN WITH TEMPORARY BLOW OFF PLACE END CAPS ON STORM MAIN AND SEWER MAIN CAP WATER MAIN WITH TEMPORARY BLOW OFF PLACE END CAP ON SEWER MAIN PARC E L 1 COS 3 0 3 5 LEGEND 8W 8W PROPOSED SURFACE POND (SIZE VARIES) TEMPORARY SURFACE POND (SIZE VARIES) PHASE 1.2 WATER 8S 8S PHASE 1.2 SEWER 15SD 15SD PHASE 1.2 STORM PHASE 1.2 UTILITY CULVERTS 15SD 15SD PREVIOUSLY INSTALLED STORM PREVIOUSLY INSTALLED UTILITY CULVERTS 8W 8W PREVIOUSLY INSTALLED WATER S S PREVIOUSLY INSTALLED SEWER PHASE 1.2 BURIED ELECTRIC PHASE 1.2 BURIED GAS BT BT PHASE 1.2 BURIED COMMUNICATIONS PROPOSED UNDERGROUND STORM TREATMENT FUTURE SURFACE POND (SIZE VARIES) UNDERGROUND STREET LIGHT (TYP.) CAP WATER MAIN WITH TEMPORARY BLOW OFF PHASE 1 SUBDIVISION BOUNDARY SUB-PHASE 1.1 (ONSITE) SUB-PHASE 1.3 SUB-PHASE 1.4 PHASING LEGEND SUB-PHASE 1.2 PLACE END CAP ON SEWER MAIN 30' WATERCOURSE SETBACK (TYP.) 50' WATERCOURSE SETBACK (TYP.) IRRIGATION DITCH CATTAIL CREEK D D UPSTREAM RUN-ON DRAIN PHASE 1.2 LIGHTING CONDUIT PHASE 1.2 LIGHT POLE FIXTURE HH PHASE 1.3 LIGHTING JUNCTION BOX PLAZA PATIO BTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBTBTBTBTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBTBTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBT BT BT BTBT BT BTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBT BT BT BTBTBT BTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBTBTBTBTBTBT BT BT BT BT BTBTBTNG NG NG N G NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG N G NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG S S S S S S S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 10 S 10 S 10 S 10S10S10S10S10S10S10S10S10S10S10S10SS S S S S S S S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S8S8SS S8S8S8S8S8S8S8S8S8S8S8S 8S 8S 8S 8S8S8S10S10S10S10S10S 10S 10S 10S 10S S S S S S S S S S S S SS SS SS SS SS SS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SSSS SS SS SSSS SS SS SS SSSSSS SSSSSSSSSS12S 12S 12S 12S 12S S SSSS18S 18S 8W8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8 W 8 W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 12W 12W 12W 12W 12W 12W 8W8W8W8W8W8W8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W8W8W8W8W 8W 8W 8W 8W DYH DYH DYHDYHDYH DYHDYH 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W8W8W8WDYHB B8W 12W 12W 1 2W 12W12W12W12W12W12WB WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS 8W 8W 8W 8W 8 W WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWS8W 8W WS 8W8W8W8W8WWS WS WS WS WS WS S89°29'25"W 420.77' S0°36'43"W 189.74' S89°29'32"W 2221.92' 15SD 15SDD D D D D D D D15SD15SD15SD15SD15SD 15SD 15SD 15SD 18 S D 15SD15SD15SD15SD 24SD24SD24SD24SD24SD12SD D 12S D 12SD D 24SD 24S D DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD D D D D D D M HH HH HH HH HH HH HHHHHHHH HH HH HH BLOCK 1 BLOCK 2 BLOCK 3 BLOCK 4 BLOCK 5 BLOCK 6BLOCK 9BLOCK 10BLOCK 5 GENERAL NOTES: 1.SERVICE LINES TO FUTURE LOTS BEYOND PHASE 1 ARE NOT SHOWN. 2.ROADS SHOWN WITH FUTURE R.O.W. SHALL BE DEDICATED AS EASEMENTS DURING PHASE 1, UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED. WATER NOTES: 1.WATER MAINS SHALL BE CONSTRUCTED OF DUCTILE IRON AND WRAPPED IN V-BIO ENHANCED POLYETHYLENE PER C.O.B. REQUIREMENTS, UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED. 2.DOMESTIC WATER SERVICES SHALL BE 1" TYPE "K" COPPER PER C.O.B. STD. DETAILS NO. 02660-6 AND 02660-15, UNLESS NOTED OTHERWISE. SEWER NOTES: 1.SEWER MAINS SHALL BE CONSTRUCTED OF SDR-35 PVC PER C.O.B. STANDARDS. 2.SEWER MANHOLES SHALL BE INSTALLED PER C.O.B. STD. DWG. NO. 02720-3. 3.INSTALL SEWER SERVICE PER C.O.B. STD. DWG. NO. 02720-2. IF DEPTH OF COVER AT STUB END WILL EXCEED 6.5 FEET, FOLLOW C.O.B. STD. DWG. NO. 02720-3. 4.BUILDINGS WITHIN LOTS THAT ARE ELIGIBLE FOR CONCURRENT CONSTRUCTION SHALL HAVE A SEWER SERVICE VIDEO INSPECTION COMPLETED BY THE OWNER OF THE BUILDING TO VERIFY THAT NO DAMAGE OCCURRED DURING CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES. THE VIDEO SHALL BE REQUIRED TO BE SUBMITTED TO THE CITY OF BOZEMAN, AND OCCUPANCY SHALL NOT BE GRANTED FOR THE BUILDING UNTIL RECEIVED AND APPROVED BY THE CITY. FIGURE NUMBER © PROJECT NO.DRAWN BY: DSGN. BY: APPR. BY: DATE: COPYRIGHT MORRISON-MAIERLE,2024 Plotted by rosie nickelson on Jul/30/2024 engineers surveyors planners scientists MorrisonMaierle 2880 Technology Blvd West Bozeman, MT 59718 406.587.0721 www.m-m.net N:\6916\003 - Turnrow Master Plan\ACAD\Exhibits\6916.003 - PHASING EXHIBIT.dwg6916.003 EX-5 TURNROW SUBDIVISION BOZEMAN MONTANA SUB-PHASE 1.3 RSP LGH LGH 04/25/24 50 10025500 SCALE IN FEETSUB-PHASE 1.4SUB-PHASE 1.2SUB-PHASE 1.3 SUB-PHASE 1.1 SUB-PHASE 1.3SUB-PHASE 1.3 SUB-PHASE 1.3SUB-PHASE 1.4 CONNECT TO EXISTING 8" WATER MAIN STUB CONNECT TO EXISTING 8" WATER MAIN STUB CAP WATER MAIN WITH TEMPORARY BLOW OFF CAP WATER MAIN WITH TEMPORARY BLOW OFF CAP WATER MAIN WITH TEMPORARY BLOW OFF PLACE END CAP ON SEWER MAIN PLACE END CAP ON SEWER MAIN CONNECT TO EXISTING 8" SEWER MAIN STUB CONNECT TO EXISTING 8" SEWER MAIN STUB CONNECT TO EXISTING 8" SEWER MAIN STUB TEMPORARY STORM POND 1.3 TO BE DEMOLISHED IN SUB-PHASE 1.4 GUNSMOKE AVETURNROW TRAIL DURANGO LN WESTLAKE RDQUICKSILVER RDR O W D Y R D F U T U R E T U R N R O W T R A I L F U T U R E D U R A N G O L N PARC E L 1 COS 3 0 3 5 PHASE 1 SUBDIVISION BOUNDARY SUB-PHASE 1.1 (ONSITE) SUB-PHASE 1.3 SUB-PHASE 1.4 PHASING LEGEND SUB-PHASE 1.2 CAP WATER MAIN WITH TEMPORARY BLOW OFF LEGEND 8W 8W PROPOSED SURFACE POND (SIZE VARIES) TEMPORARY SURFACE POND (SIZE VARIES) PHASE 1.3 WATER 8S 8S PHASE 1.3 SEWER 15SD 15SD PHASE 1.3 STORM PHASE 1.3 UTILITY CULVERTS 15SD 15SD PREVIOUSLY INSTALLED STORM PREVIOUSLY INSTALLED UTILITY CULVERTS 8W 8W PREVIOUSLY INSTALLED WATER S S PREVIOUSLY INSTALLED SEWER PHASE 1.3 BURIED ELECTRIC PHASE 1.3 BURIED GAS BT BT PHASE 1.3 BURIED COMMUNICATIONS PROPOSED UNDERGROUND STORM TREATMENT FUTURE SURFACE POND (SIZE VARIES) UNDERGROUND D D UPSTREAM RUN-ON DRAIN PHASE 1.3 LIGHTING CONDUIT PHASE 1.3 LIGHT POLE FIXTURE HH PHASE 1.3 LIGHTING JUNCTION BOX PLAZA PATIO BTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBT BT BT BT BTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBT BT BT BTBTBT BT BTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBTBTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBTBTBTBT BTBTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBTBTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBT BT BT BTBT BTBT BT BTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBT BT BT BT BTBTBTBT BT BT BT BTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBT BT BT BT BTBTBTBTBTBTBT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BT BTBTBTBTBTBT BT BT BT BT BTBTBTBTBTBTBTBT BT BT BT BT BTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTBTNG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG NG S S S S S S S S S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 10 S 10 S 10S1 0 S 1 0S 10S10S10S10S10S10S10S10S10S10S10S10S10S10S10SS S S S S S S S S S S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S8S8SS S8S8S8S8S 8S8S8S8S8S 8S 8S 8S 8S 8S8S8S8S8S8S 8S 8S 8S8S8S8S8S8S8S 8S 8S 8S 8S8S8S10S10S10S10S10S10S10S10S 10S 10S10S10S10S10S10S10S10S 10S10S 10S 10S 10SS S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SSSS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SSSSSS SSSSSS8S8S12S 12S 12S 12S 12S SS SFM8S SSSS10S10S8W8W8W8W8W8W 8W 8W 8W 8W8W8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8 W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 12W 12W 12W 12W 8W8W8W8W8W8W8W8W8W8W8W8 W 8W 8W 8W 8 W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8 W 8 W 8W 8W 8 W 8 W 8 W 8W 8W8W8W8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8WDYH DYH DYH DYHDYHDYHDYH DYH DYH DYHDYH 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W8W8W8WB B B B B B8W8W8W 12 W 12W 12W 12W 1 2W 12W12W12W12W12WB DYH B 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W BDYH WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W 8W WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WSWSWSWSWSWSWSWS WS WS WS WS WS WS WSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWSWS WS WS WS WS WSWS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS 8W8W WS 8W8W8W8W8W8W8W8W8W8WWS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS WS S0°36'43"W 189.74' S89°29'32"W 2221.92' 15 S D 15SD 15SDD D D D D D D D D D 12SDD15SD15SD15SD15SD15SD15SD15SD 15SD 15SD 15SD 15SD 18 S D 15SD15SD15SD15SD15SD 24SD24SD24SD24SD24SD12SD D D 12S D 12S D D 24S D 24SD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD D D D D D D D M HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HHHHHHHH HH HH HH HH BLOCK 1 BLOCK 2 BLOCK 3 BLOCK 4 BLOCK 5 BLOCK 6BLOCK 9BLOCK 10BLOCK 5 GENERAL NOTES: 1.SERVICE LINES TO FUTURE LOTS BEYOND PHASE 1 ARE NOT SHOWN. 2.ROADS SHOWN WITH FUTURE R.O.W. SHALL BE DEDICATED AS EASEMENTS DURING PHASE 1, UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED. WATER NOTES: 1.WATER MAINS SHALL BE CONSTRUCTED OF DUCTILE IRON AND WRAPPED IN V-BIO ENHANCED POLYETHYLENE PER C.O.B. REQUIREMENTS, UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED. 2.DOMESTIC WATER SERVICES SHALL BE 1" TYPE "K" COPPER PER C.O.B. STD. DETAILS NO. 02660-6 AND 02660-15, UNLESS NOTED OTHERWISE. SEWER NOTES: 1.SEWER MAINS SHALL BE CONSTRUCTED OF SDR-35 PVC PER C.O.B. STANDARDS. 2.SEWER MANHOLES SHALL BE INSTALLED PER C.O.B. STD. DWG. NO. 02720-3. 3.INSTALL SEWER SERVICE PER C.O.B. STD. DWG. NO. 02720-2. IF DEPTH OF COVER AT STUB END WILL EXCEED 6.5 FEET, FOLLOW C.O.B. STD. DWG. NO. 02720-3. 4.BUILDINGS WITHIN LOTS THAT ARE ELIGIBLE FOR CONCURRENT CONSTRUCTION SHALL HAVE A SEWER SERVICE VIDEO INSPECTION COMPLETED BY THE OWNER OF THE BUILDING TO VERIFY THAT NO DAMAGE OCCURRED DURING CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES. THE VIDEO SHALL BE REQUIRED TO BE SUBMITTED TO THE CITY OF BOZEMAN, AND OCCUPANCY SHALL NOT BE GRANTED FOR THE BUILDING UNTIL RECEIVED AND APPROVED BY THE CITY. FIGURE NUMBER © PROJECT NO.DRAWN BY: DSGN. BY: APPR. BY: DATE: COPYRIGHT MORRISON-MAIERLE,2024 Plotted by rosie nickelson on Jul/30/2024 engineers surveyors planners scientists MorrisonMaierle 2880 Technology Blvd West Bozeman, MT 59718 406.587.0721 www.m-m.net N:\6916\003 - Turnrow Master Plan\ACAD\Exhibits\6916.003 - PHASING EXHIBIT.dwg6916.003 EX-6 TURNROW SUBDIVISION BOZEMAN MONTANA SUB-PHASE 1.4 RSP LGH LGH 04/25/24 GUNSMOKE AVETURNROW TRAIL DURANGO LN WESTLAKE RDQUICKSILVER RD50 10025500 SCALE IN FEETFUTURE PHASESUB-PHASE 1.2 CONNECT TO EXISTING 8" SEWER MAIN STUB CONNECT TO EXISTING 8" WATER MAIN STUB CONNECT TO EXISTING 15" STORM DRAINAGE MAIN STUB CONNECT TO EXISTING 8" SEWER MAIN STUB CONNECT TO EXISTING 8" WATER MAIN STUB CONNECT TO EXISTING 15" STORM DRAINAGE MAIN STUB CONNECT TO EXISTING 8" WATER MAIN STUB CONNECT TO EXISTING 8" SEWER MAIN STUB CONNECT TO EXISTING 8" WATER MAIN STUB CONNECT TO EXISTING 8" SEWER MAIN STUB CONNECT TO EXISTING 8" WATER MAIN STUB TEMPORARY STORM POND 5.1 TEMPORARY STORM POND 5.2 R O W D Y R D F U T U R E T U R N R O W T R A I L F U T U R E D U R A N G O L N S U B - P H A S E 1 . 4 S U B - P H A S E 1 . 1 SUB-PHASE 1.4SUB-PHASE 1.4SUB-PHASE 1.3SUB-PHASE 1.3 SUB-PHASE 1.4SUB-PHASE 1.4 PROPERTY BOUNDARY PARC E L 1 COS 3 0 3 5 REMOVE TEMPORARY POND FROM SUB-PHASE 1.3. INSTALL STORM INFRASTRUCTURE CAP WATER MAIN WITH TEMPORARY BLOW OFFCAP WATER MAIN WITH TEMPORARY BLOW OFF CAP WATER MAIN WITH TEMPORARY BLOW OFF CAP WATER MAIN WITH TEMPORARY BLOW OFF CONNECT TO EXISTING 8" WATER MAIN STUB STREET LIGHT (TYP.) PHASE 1 SUBDIVISION BOUNDARY SUB-PHASE 1.1 (ONSITE) SUB-PHASE 1.3 SUB-PHASE 1.4 PHASING LEGEND SUB-PHASE 1.2 CONNECT TO EXISTING 8" SEWER MAIN STUB LEGEND 8W 8W PROPOSED SURFACE POND (SIZE VARIES) TEMPORARY SURFACE POND (SIZE VARIES) PHASE 1.4 WATER 8S 8S PHASE 1.4 SEWER 15SD 15SD PHASE 1.4 STORM PHASE 1.4 UTILITY CULVERTS 15SD 15SD PREVIOUSLY INSTALLED STORM PREVIOUSLY INSTALLED UTILITY CULVERTS 8W 8W PREVIOUSLY INSTALLED WATER S S PREVIOUSLY INSTALLED SEWER PHASE 1.4 BURIED ELECTRIC PHASE 1.4 BURIED GAS BT BT PHASE 1.4 BURIED COMMUNICATIONS PROPOSED UNDERGROUND STORM TREATMENT FUTURE SURFACE POND (SIZE VARIES) UNDERGROUND D D UPSTREAM RUN-ON DRAIN PHASE 1.4 LIGHTING CONDUIT PHASE 1.4 LIGHT POLE FIXTURE HH PHASE 1.4 LIGHTING JUNCTION BOX TEMPORARY STORM POND 5.0 F APPENDIX F RE: Valley Center LS Email from HDR From:Moran, Jarrett To:Bob Murray Cc:Grover, Ted Subject:[EXTERNAL]RE: Valley Center LS Date:Thursday, April 4, 2024 11:55:57 AM Attachments:image001.pngVCLS_Conceptual Gravity Sewer Evaluation_Interconnect to Hidden Valley Lift Station_File Size Reduced.pdf CAUTION: This email originated from outside of the organization. Do not click links or open attachments unless you recognize the sender and know the content is safe. Morning Bob, The gravity sewer evaluation that we previously discussed got delayed a bit because one of the culverts that we needed did not get picked up in the first round of survey. We received the additional survey recently and have developed a conceptual layout for gravity sewer to the west of Valley Center LS that would accept flow from the “469 Acre” area and approximately 55 acres of the “151 Acre” area, but also allow future gravity sewer flow from the Valley Center LS site to the west to the future Hidden Valley LS site. Since there are implications to both the wet well depth and the amount of additional flow in our flow projections for anything we pick up from the “151 Acre” area, we wanted to discuss this with you and get confirmation that what we’re showing aligns with the City’s future planning. Attached for discussion purpose are several drawings showing conceptual gravity sewer alignments and depths for future gravity flow to the west. A few notes for your references prior to discussing. I’ll follow up with you to setup a time to come over to the City’s office or setup a conference call to further discuss. Revised Valley Center LS Service Area: 520 Acres 465 acres of the “469 Acre” area (approximately 4 acres of the Turnrow Plat will drain to Davis Lane and were removed from the flow projection for Valley Center LS). 55 acres of the “151 Acre” area (this area is approximated based on dropping a manhole at the intersection of E Valley Center Rd. and Hidden Valley Rd.). This area seemed like a good delineation for a manhole because it splits the “151 Acre” area pretty evenly (geographically). Based on the existing grades, the depth of cover over the gravity sewer at this manhole would be approximately 6 ½’ deep (a little deeper than the 5’ of we previously discussed). This revised service area would equate to the following flow projections for Valley Center LS Peak Flow: 2,265 gpm Average Flow: 957 gpm Gravity Sewer Flowing West to Future Hidden Valley LS To be able to flow by gravity to the west in the future, the wet well invert will likely end up being around 16’ to 17’ below existing grade at the Valley Center LS site. This depth is predicated on the following: Passing beneath a 4’x4’ box culvert to the west (we’re allowing approximately 2’ of vertical separation below the box culvert for the gravity sewer). We based pipe size, slope, etc. on our flow projections and the flows we have available from the TM (for other areas) and used a flow depth (d/D ratio) of 0.75 so that they are no more than 75-percent of full capacity at peak hour conditions. The future gravity main that would carry flow to the west is currently at the “worst case scenario” with respect to slope (at minimum slope), we could increase slope one we clear the 4’x4’ culvert, but didn’t want to make any decisions on that until talking with you. Side note, we only show several manholes along the proposed gravity sewer alignments (in lieu of the manhole spacing requirements 400’/500’ per the City’s Design and Construction Standards) since this is very conceptual evaluation. The lift station site is still very conceptual. At some point soon, we’ll need to get a better understating on what the trunk main alignment will be from the development. Reference Map for Acreage Areas (since there are no development names yet) Thanks, Jarrett Moran, PE D 406.577.5037 M 406.624.8753 hdrinc.com/follow-us