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HomeMy WebLinkAboutCityOfBzn_2020-2021_SummaryLetter final Submitted via e-mail July 1, 2021 Sarah Rosenberg, Associate Planner City of Bozeman Planning Division 20 East Olive St. P.O. Box 1230 Bozeman, MT 59771 srosenberg@bozeman.net RE: City of Bozeman Architecture Survey 2020-2021 (Work Order 02), Summary of Findings and Management Recommendations Dear Ms. Rosenberg, In October 2020, Metcalf Archaeological Consultants, Inc. (Metcalf) conducted an Architectural Inventory on behalf of the City of Bozeman (City), recording 158 architectural sites and evaluating them for eligibility to the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and with reference to the City of Bozeman’s Municipal Code. The purpose of the inventory was to collect current data pertaining to architectural resources in support of the City’s Historic Preservation and Neighborhood Conservation Overlay District programs. The field survey was conducted between October 11 and October 23, 2020, by Architectural Historian Emily Sakariassen and Staff Archaeologist Shelley Wells. Prior to field work, each property was assigned an arbitrary Property ID number to aid with organization and tracking. Site boundaries were defined using City of Bozeman parcel data and all historic features were photographed from the public Right-of-Way. At the request of the City and to maintain consistency with the SHPO’s statewide comprehensive site inventory as outlined in the Montana Certified Local Government Manual, site documentation is presented on Montana Historic Property Record forms. Each property was documented to Level I or Level II standards, as defined and determined by your office and provided in a spreadsheet dated May 18, 2020. The Level I survey provides basic information about a given property, including architectural characteristics, and a preliminary recommendation regarding NRHP eligibility, particularly under Criterion C. The Level II survey includes the same information and incorporates historic background information to provide site context and facilitate full evaluation of eligibility, as defined in Sec. 38.700 of the Bozeman Municipal Code. The initial list of properties to be surveyed totaled 170 but was modified to resolve duplicate addresses and demolished properties, as well as to combine addresses where appropriate. Ultimately, a total of 158 sites were recorded. Of these, 16 were recorded at the Level I survey type and the remaining 142 sites were recorded and evaluated to Level II survey standards (Tables 1 and 2). Figures 1-3 depict the recorded properties on street view maps. Rosenberg, 07/01/2021 Page 2 Resource Characteristics Results of Metcalf’s 2019-2020 Architectural Inventory for the City of Bozeman (Work Order 01) provides an overview of each historic neighborhood in Bozeman’s core that was revisited and further inventoried in the 2020-2021 survey. Metcalf referred to that previously compiled data to provide context for our site evaluations and aid in making management recommendations. As exactly 50 percent of the sites recorded are within existing historic districts, Metcalf also relied heavily on National Register documents, including the Nomination Forms for the Bon Ton, South Tracy – South Black, and Main Street historic districts, when evaluating sites for historic significance. The 2020-2021 survey area contains a variety of resource types—from single-family residences to civic buildings and commercial blocks—each representing over a century of Bozeman history. Most of the sites surveyed lie within what is known as Bozeman’s original townsite. William J. Beall and Daniel E. Rouse laid out a townsite in 1864 that was centered on Main Street, between Rouse and Bozeman avenues. Those streets would become major thoroughfares. In 1870, following a survey by W. W. DeLacy, the townsite was officially platted. Over the next few years, developers filed plats mostly to the southeast, where the land was higher and therefore drier. Several early plats were filed to the west of the original townsite at this time, including Tracy’s 1st Addition in 1871 and the Story Addition in 1872. Then, in anticipation of the Northern Pacific Railroad reaching Bozeman, development began to stretch north of Main Street. It was during this expansion that the Northern Pacific, Tracy’s 2nd, and Tracy’s 3rd additions were platted northwest of the original townsite. By the turn of the 20th century, the automobile had revolutionized transportation, and commercial and residential development sprawled west along Main St. and, later, north along N 7th Ave. The resulting character of this historically dynamic survey area is generally dense, with mixed use and a rich variety of architectural styles and periods. It presents as a healthy and vibrant commercial core ringed by well-kept residential neighborhoods, and the historic character of much the area contributes to Bozeman’s distinct sense of place and identity. Management Recommendations Sec. 38.700 of the Bozeman Municipal Code defines an eligible property as one that meets the criteria for inclusion in the NRHP or State Register either 1) individually or 2) as a contributing building to an existing or potential historic district. Each of the properties encountered were evaluated against the NRHP Criteria A-D. Preliminary recommendations have been made for all 16 of the Level I properties surveyed. None were found to be eligible for inclusion in the NRHP. Sites surveyed to a Level II standard were subject to additional historical research using both primary and secondary source materials, to allow for a full evaluation of each site’s individual eligibility. Of the 142 sites surveyed to the Level II standard, 48 sites are recommended not eligible for inclusion in the NRHP. Twenty-four of the recorded sites are currently individually listed in the NRHP, and three of those are also listed as contributing within the Main Street Historic District (24GA0952). Three properties (118 E. Main St., 213 S. Black Ave., and 422 E. Mendenhall St.) are recommended individually eligible. Of these, one (118 E. Main St.) is already listed in the NRHP as a contributing site to the Main Street Historic District. The Level II survey sites were also evaluated with reference to any existing or potential historic districts in the vicinity. National Register guidelines define historic districts as having a “significant concentration, linkage, or continuity of sites, buildings, structures, or objects united historically or aesthetically by plan or physical development” (NPS 2002). While Metcalf considered NRHP district potential when evaluating individual sites throughout the survey area, we observed that the areas with such concentrations were those already listed in the NRHP as historic districts. Therefore, we do not currently recommend any new district potential in the survey area. The survey area overlapped with three existing NRHP-listed historic districts: the Bon Ton Historic District (24GA0954), the South Tracy – South Black Historic District (24GA0955), and the Main Street Historic District (24GA0952). Seventy-one of the recorded properties are within the boundaries of one of Rosenberg, 07/01/2021 Page 3 these districts. Three of the sites are in the Bon Ton Historic District (24GA0954). Two of the three are listed in the NRHP as contributing to the district and one is not eligible, non-contributing. In the South Tracy – South Black Historic District (24GA0955), Metcalf documented seven properties. Of these, five are listed, contributing to the district and one that was previously non-contributing has since become eligible, contributing (11 E. Curtiss St.) due to restoration work completed. Only one of the sites recorded within the boundaries of the South Tracy – South Black Historic District was recommended not eligible/non-contributing. Sixty-one properties are within the Main Street Historic District. Metcalf found that 44 of those sites retain sufficient integrity to be considered or remain listed as contributing sites in the historic district. Of the contributing sites, four were previously considered not eligible but now should be included due to recent restoration that has re-established individual site integrity. Seventeen sites within the district do not currently retain integrity and are non-contributing/not eligible for inclusion in the NRHP. Metcalf noted that three of the documented sites (33-43 W Main St, 27 N. Tracy Ave., and 138 W. Mendenhall St.) have potential to be added to the Main Street Historic District as contributing sites, pending further work. They are not currently included in the district either due to their age at the time the district was defined in 1986 or because they are outside of, but immediately adjacent to the current district boundary. As defined in the 1986 National Register nomination form, the Main Street Historic District has a period of significance that spans from 1870 to 1937. The end date (1937) was, at the time of the document, the arbitrary 50-year mark for properties to be considered historic. Metcalf recommends that an amendment be made to the district that would extend its period of significance to a more logical end date. In addition, the boundary should be increased one-half block north to incorporate two properties that should be considered eligible/contributing (27 N. Tracy Ave. and 138 W. Mendenhall St.) but were excluded based on the previous and arbitrary period of significance. An amendment to the Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) would require minimal additional or original research and would more accurately reflect—and acknowledge—the historic significance of Bozeman’s commercial core. We recommend that the period of significance be revised and extended, with reference to already-established phases in Bozeman’s historic development (RTI 2008). These are: • Townsite Phase (1864-1872) • Village Phase (1873-1883) • Civic Phase (1884-1912) • Progressive Phase (1913-1929) • Nationalization Phase (1930-1945) • Postwar Expansion Phase (1946-1970) Pending further research, we believe extending the district through the Nationalization Phase (1930-1945) may be the most appropriate approach as this would allow for the inclusion of previously non-contributing properties built between 1937 and 1945. These properties reflect the culmination of commercial downtown development. By the start of the Postwar Phase (1946), downtown had reached its building capacity and subsequent commercial development began to sprawl west along Main Street and in new ways characterized by rapid population growth and new trends in consumerism (RTI 2008: 31-32). Metcalf recommends that further work be done to address these concerns with the existing NRHP documentation of the Main Street Historic District. We look forward to continuing work on the project in the coming years, and we thank you for continuing to partner with our firm. Please do not hesitate to contact us with any questions. Rosenberg, 07/01/2021 Page 4 Sincerely, Emily Sakaraissen, Architectural Historian esakariassen@metcalfarchaeology.com (701) 258-1215 Jennifer Borresen Lee, Project Manager jlee@metcalfarchaeology.com 406.219.3535 References Cited: National Park Service 2002 How to Apply National Register Criteria for Evaluation. Rev. ed. National Register Bulletin 15. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Washington, D.C. Renewable Technologies, Inc. [RTI] 2008 Bozeman Historic Resouces Survey, revised ed. Prepared for Planning Department, City of Bozeman, Bozeman, Montana. Rosenberg, 07/01/2021 Page 5 Table 1. City of Bozeman Architecture Survey 2020-2021, Survey Level I Properties. Property ID Address SITS# Historic District NRHP Eligibility Recommendation* 129 106 E. Babcock St. N/A N/A Not Eligible 145 301 N. Black Ave. N/A N/A Not Eligible 303 N. Black Ave. 305 N. Black Ave. 307 N. Black Ave. 309 N. Black Ave. 151 202 S. Black Ave. N/A N/A Not Eligible 167 104 N. Church Ave. N/A N/A Not Eligible 223 402 E. Main St. N/A N/A Not Eligible 224 424 E. Main St. N/A N/A Not Eligible 226 501 E. Main St. N/A N/A Not Eligible 252 136 W. Main St. N/A N/A Not Eligible 253 202 W. Main St. N/A N/A Not Eligible 261 25 E. Mendenhall St. N/A N/A Not Eligible 262 26 E. Mendenhall St. N/A N/A Not Eligible 267 438 E. Mendenhall St. N/A N/A Not Eligible 268 5 W. Mendenhall St. N/A N/A Not Eligible 279 111 N. Tracy Ave. N/A N/A Not Eligible 289 21 S. Wallace Ave. N/A N/A Not Eligible 298 202 N. Tracy Ave. N/A N/A Not Eligible Rosenberg, 07/01/2021 Page 6 Table 2. City of Bozeman Architecture Survey 2020-2021, Survey Level II Properties. Property ID Address SITS# Historic District NRHP Eligibility Recommendation 131 135 E Babcock St Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Not Eligible, Non-contributing 132 137 E Babcock St Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Listed, Contributing to District 133 506 E Babcock St 24GA0942 Individually Listed 135 6 W. Babcock St. 24GA0926 Individually Listed 136 26 W Babcock 24GA0925 Individually Listed 137 19-23 W Babcock St. 24GA1907 Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Eligible, Contributing to District 138 7 E. Beall St. Not Eligible 139 15 E Beall St Not Eligible 140 108 E Beall St Not Eligible 141 114 E Beall St Not Eligible 142 118 E Beall St. and 117 E Lamme St Not Eligible 143 202 N Black Ave Not Eligible 144 210 N Black Ave Not Eligible 150 120 S. Black Ave. 24GA0709 Individually Listed 152 210 S. Black Ave. South Tracy – South Black Historic District (24GA0955) Listed, Contributing to District 153 213 S. Black Ave. Individually Eligible 154 214 S. Black Ave. South Tracy – South Black Historic District (24GA0955) Listed, Contributing to District 155 34 N Bozeman Ave 24GA1908 Not Eligible 156 35 N Bozeman Ave 24GA0744 Individually Listed 157 201 N Bozeman Ave Not Eligible 158 205 N Bozeman Ave Not Eligible 159 108 S Bozeman Ave Not Eligible 160 110 S Bozeman Ave Not Eligible 161 113 S Bozeman Ave Not Eligible 163 117 S Bozeman Ave Not Eligible Rosenberg, 07/01/2021 Page 7 Property ID Address SITS# Historic District NRHP Eligibility Recommendation 164 205 S Bozeman Ave Not Eligible 165 209 S Bozeman Ave Not Eligible 166 37 N Church Ave Not Eligible 168 107 S Church Ave Not Eligible 169 111 S Church Ave Not Eligible 170 112 S Church Ave Not Eligible 171 7 E Curtiss St South Tracy – South Black Historic District (24GA0955) Listed, Contributing to District 172 11 E Curtiss St South Tracy – South Black Historic District (24GA0955) Eligible, Contributing to District 173 35 N Grand Ave 24GA0711 Individually Listed 174 114 N Grand Ave. Not Eligible 175 301 N Grand Ave Not Eligible 176 304 N Grand Ave Not Eligible 177 305 N Grand Ave Not Eligible 178 308 N Grand Ave Not Eligible 179 311 N Grand Ave Not Eligible 180 312 N Grand Ave Not Eligible 181 26 S Grand Ave 24GA0920 Individually Listed 182 110 S Grand Ave Not Eligible 183 111 S Grand Ave 24GA0847 Individually Listed 184 120 S Grand Ave 24GA0958 Individually Listed 185 109 E Lamme St Not Eligible 186 113 E Lamme St Not Eligible 188 22 W Lamme St 24GA0959 Individually Listed 189 112 W Lamme St Not Eligible 190 122 W Lamme St 24GA0931 Individually Listed 192 1-5 E Main St Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Listed, Contributing to District 193 9 E Main St Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Listed, Contributing to District 194 17 E Main St Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Listed, Contributing to District Rosenberg, 07/01/2021 Page 8 Property ID Address SITS# Historic District NRHP Eligibility Recommendation 195 18 E Main St. Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Listed, Contributing to District 196 23 E Main St Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Listed, Contributing to District 197 26 E Main St. Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Not Eligible, Non-contributing 198 27 E Main St Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Not Eligible, Non-contributing 199 29 E Main St Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Listed, Contributing to District 200 33 E Main St. Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Listed, Contributing to District 201 36 E Main St. Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Not Eligible, Non-contributing 202 101 E Main St Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Listed, Contributing to District 203 104 E Main St 24GA1895 Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Not Eligible, Non-contributing 204 118 E Main St Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Listed, Contributing to District; Individually Eligible 205 128 E Main St Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Listed, Contributing to District 206 131-135 E Main St Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Listed, Contributing to District 208 137 E Main St Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Listed, Contributing to District 209 140 E Main St Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Not Eligible, Non-contributing 210 201 E Main St Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Listed, Contributing to District 211 208 E Main St Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Not Eligible, Non-contributing 212 219 E Main St Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Not Eligible 213 222 E Main St Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Listed, Contributing to District 214 223 E Main St Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Not Eligible 215 225 E Main St Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Not Eligible 216 229 E Main St Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Not Eligible 217 232 E Main St Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Listed, Contributing 218 234 E Main St Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Not Eligible, Non-contributing 219 237 E Main St Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Listed, Contributing 220 241 E Main St Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Listed, Contributing to District 221 303 E Main St. Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Not Eligible, Non-contributing 222 316 E Main St. Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Listed, Contributing to District 225 427 E Main St 24GA0928 Individually Listed Rosenberg, 07/01/2021 Page 9 Property ID Address SITS# Historic District NRHP Eligibility Recommendation 227 512 E. Main St. Not Eligible 228 2-12 E Main St. Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Eligible, Contributing to District 229 11-13 E Main St 24GA715, Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Individually Listed; Contributing to District 230 107-113 E Main St Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Listed, Contributing to District 231 115-117 E Main St Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Not Eligible, Non-contributing 232 117-119 E Main St Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Not Eligible, Non-contributing 233 124-126 E Main St Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Listed, Contributing to District 234 238-246 E Main St. 24GA0765 Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Individually Listed; Contributing to District 235 24-28 W Main St. Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Listed, Contributing to District 236 307-321 E Main St. 24GA1739 Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Listed, Contributing to District 237 310-312 E Main St Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Listed, Contributing to District 238 34-40 W Main St. Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Listed, Contributing to District 239 40-42 E Main St. Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Listed, Contributing to District 240 1 W Main St Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Listed, Contributing to District 241 2 W Main St. Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Listed, Contributing to District 242 7 W Main St Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Eligible, Contributing to District 243 12 W Main St. Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Listed, Contributing to District 244 17 W Main St Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Listed, Contributing to District 245 20 W Main St. Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Listed, Contributing to District 246 23 W Main St Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Listed, Contributing to District 247 30 W Main St. Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Listed, Contributing to District 248 104 W Main St Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Not Eligible 249 105 W Main St 24GA0739 Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Individually Listed; Contributing to District 250 123 W Main St 24GA1544 Individually Listed 251 131 W Main St Not Eligible 254 220 W Main St 24GA0918 Individually Listed 255 301 W Main St 24GA0916 Individually Listed 256 317 W Main St 24GA0714 Individually Listed 257 404 W Main St 24GA0949 Individually Listed Rosenberg, 07/01/2021 Page 10 Property ID Address SITS# Historic District NRHP Eligibility Recommendation 258 411 W Main St Not Eligible 259 421 W Main St Not Eligible 260 33-43 W Main St Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Eligible, Contributing to District 264 201 E Mendenhall St Not Eligible 265 317 E Mendenhall St 24GA1687 Not Eligible 266 422 E Mendenhall Individually Eligible 269 24 W Mendenhall 24GA0921 Individually Listed 270 138 W Mendenhall St Not Eligible 271 10 E. Olive St. Not Eligible 272 E Olive St Not Eligible 273 9 W. Olive St. 24GA0927 Individually Listed 274 42 N Rouse Ave Not Eligible 275 121 N Rouse St Not Eligible 276 23 N Tracy Ave Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Listed, Contributing to District 277 27 N Tracy Ave Eligible, Contributing to District 280 119 N Tracy Ave Not Eligible 281 121 N Tracy Ave Not Eligible 282 17 S Tracy Ave. Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Listed, Contributing to District 283 32 S Tracy Ave. Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Listed, Contributing to District 284 111 S Tracy Ave Not Eligible 285 209 S. Tracy Ave. South Tracy – South Black Historic District (24GA0955) Listed, Contributing to District 286 212 S Tracy Ave South Tracy – South Black Historic District (24GA0955) Listed, Contributing to District 287 222 S. Tracy Ave. South Tracy – South Black Historic District (24GA0955) Not Eligible, Non-contributing 288 23-37 S Tracy Ave. Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Listed, Contributing to District 290 209 S. Wallace Ave. 24GA0943 Individually Listed 291 24 S Willson Ave. Main Street Historic District (24GA0952) Not Eligible, Non-contributing 292 113 S Willson Ave 24GA0923 Individually Listed Rosenberg, 07/01/2021 Page 11 Property ID Address SITS# Historic District NRHP Eligibility Recommendation 293 121 S Willson Ave 24GA0924 Not Eligible 294 122 S. Willson Not Eligible 295 201 S Willson Ave Bon Ton Historic District (24GA0954) Listed, Contributing to District 296 209 S Willson Ave Bon Ton Historic District (24GA0954) Listed, Contributing to District 297 213 S Willson Ave Bon Ton Historic District (24GA0954) Not Eligible, Non-contributing Rosenberg, 07/01/2021 Page 12 Figure 1. 2020-2021 Survey Level I properties. Rosenberg, 07/01/2021 Page 13 Figure 2. 2020-2021 Survey Level II properties. Rosenberg, 07/01/2021 Page 14 Figure 3. Main Street Historic District properties and NRHP recommendations.