HomeMy WebLinkAboutGeoTerra Proposal for City of Bozeman Ortho & Lidar
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City of Bozeman, Montana
Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
City of Bozeman, Montana
Digital Orthophoto Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
Table of Contents
a) Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................................. 2
b) Firm Profile .......................................................................................................................................................... 2
Project Map .......................................................................................................................................................... 3
c) Description of Proposed Solution ........................................................................................................................ 4
d) Scope of Project .................................................................................................................................................... 7
e) Related Experience with Projects Similar to the Scope of Services ................................................................. 16
f) Statement of Qualifications ............................................................................................................................... 23
g) References ......................................................................................................................................................... 26
h) Present and Projected Workloads ..................................................................................................................... 27
i) Key Personnel ..................................................................................................................................................... 28
j) Additional Information ...................................................................................................................................... 35
k) Affirmation of Nondiscrimination & Equal Pay ................................................................................................ 39
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City of Bozeman, Montana
Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
a) Executive Summary
The City of Bozeman has executed an efficient and high-quality approach to base map data sets using
both Lidar and imagery. For 2024, the City is requesting new Lidar and terrain products, new
orthophotography, and an update of a limited set of planimetric feature data layers such as public
sidewalk centerlines (within the City limits only), hydrography, and building footprints. For improved
ground viewing and terrain accuracy, the City is requesting aerial acquisition during leaf-off conditions in
April of 2024, (assuming ground conditions permit). The project area is 78.7 square miles in size with the
current city limits being the extent for public sidewalk delineation. The City has requested data delivery
within 90 days of the acquisition with all data to include technical reports and metadata on an external
hard drive, ready for import into the City’s enterprise GIS.
b) Firm Profile
In 2002, GeoTerra started business with twelve (12) staff members in Eugene, Oregon. The small but
cohesive team was led by a group of key staff members who literally mortgaged their future for the
chance to operate a successful aerial mapping company. No planes, no sensor systems, basic equipment,
and software for processing aerial data. Twenty-one (21) years later, the company has thirty (30) highly
trained staff members, five (5) aircraft, and five (5) sensor systems while using the latest in technology
for mapping using Lidar and imagery. In addition, the company has an internal GIS team, is an ESRI
Business Partner, and has strong survey and photogrammetric licensure qualifications.
This type of success does not occur without hard work, attention to detail, and pride in every map product
produced. Over the last five (5) years, the company has performed work in over 30 U.S. states and has a
loyal clientele who have come to expect only the very best in service, communication, data accuracy, and
timeliness. As we have grown, we continue to enlarge our focus both geographically and technically. We
would welcome the opportunity to support the City of Bozeman as part of a technical partnership to
provide the very best value for aerial mapping requirements.
Primary POC: Bret Hazell, President (bhazell@geoterra.us)
Company Name: GeoTerra, Inc. (OR – incorporated 2002)
Address: 860 McKinley Street, Eugene, Oregon 97402
Phone: (541) 343-8877
Web Site: www.geoterra.us
Federal Tax ID: 80-0001637 Federal Classification: Small Business
3” or 0.25’ Orthophoto Imagery with Leaf-off Conditions
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City of Bozeman, Montana
Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
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City of Bozeman, Montana
Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
c) Description of Proposed Solution
GeoTerra is an experienced provider of aerial mapping projects in support of cities like Bozeman. Upon
notice of selection, we will work with City staff to finalize a scope of work (SOW) to include a detailed
methodology, deliverables, schedule, and cost agreement. Any options provided with our proposal or
requested by the City, will be reviewed, and finalized as part of the overall scope. The overall boundary,
control plan, and roles for each party will be reviewed and agreed upon. Often times, this SOW is
attached to a standard contract as the technical description of work.
Once the contract is in place, we will work per SOW to plan, execute, and deliver the project deliverables
per the accuracy requirements and the agreed upon schedule. Aerial acquisition of Lidar and imagery
will occur together during April of 2024 unless otherwise agreed upon. There may be advantages to
acquiring Lidar as soon as ground conditions permit but prior to the best sun angles as offered in April.
These ideas will be presented in our proposal as possible options as we will always strive to improve
quality without negatively impacting the project cost. Prior to the imagery flight, we will work with our
local surveyor to make sure control points are clean and fresh for accurate viewing and measurement. A
detailed description of our control plan is included in the Scope of Project (d).
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City of Bozeman, Montana
Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
Aerial Acquisition
Instead of the standard 60% endlap and 30% sidelap approach, we are proposing imagery be acquired at
an 80% endlap and 60% sidelap within the urban core to facilitate a true ortho type appearance for the
final orthophotography. This high-quality approach can vastly improve the quality of orthos in the urban
core while minimizing the impact on project cost. For the larger rural areas, the more traditional 60/30
approach can be used without sacrificing quality while simultaneously keeping costs down.
Lidar will be acquired at a density and accuracy meeting USGS QL1 requirements (minimum 8 ppsm).
GeoTerra uses an approach with 55% sidelap between Lidar flight lines. This method improves Lidar line
to line registration while also increasing the quality review process. Our Optech Galaxy T-2000 Lidar
system is perfect for this acquisition given its efficiency and accuracy in all types of terrain. The accuracy
of the ground surface is normally not increased by having a higher point density beyond a certain point.
Higher density and variable point density are often an indicator of inefficient collection. These
inefficiencies complicate data processing and can impact overall quality. For the City of Bozeman, we will
be consistently averaging between 8 and 12 points per square meter.
Aerial data sets will be reviewed for quality and processed to support applicable mapping tasks. Quality
control is integrated into all our technical tasks and applicable work flows to include aerial acquisition.
Lidar registration with line-to-line calibration and fit to ground control is critical since Lidar is the basis
for terrain generation and supporting products, as well as providing vertical control for the aerial imagery
flight given its extremely high accuracy in open and flat terrain.
Just like this set of tasks for Lidar, aerial triangulation, or AT, ties the flight lines and images together into
a photogrammetric solution used for planimetric data collection, break-line collection, and generation of
orthophotography. Finalizing a high-quality solution ensures the project is performed on a strong
foundation.
Data Processing
The Lidar data will be classified using industry leading TerraScan software and customized algorithms
focused on conditions in and around the City of Bozeman and the required deliverables. In addition to a
clean and accurate ground surface, buildings will be classified as well as three levels of vegetation for
future ease of use and analysis. Ground surface points will be used to generate a surface defined by
model key points (MKP). These points are determined by their impact on the terrain surface. Repetitive
points are eliminated without impacting accuracy of the surface. The MKP ground points provide a
reduced size, more usable version of the ground points, much like a traditional DTM. When combined
with 3D break-lines, the combined DTM is efficient, accurate, and usable for both CAD and GIS users.
The Lidar will be used to produce hydrography for streams and water bodies. Classified buildings will be
processed in TerraScan and closely reviewed to produce building polygons. The final DTM will be utilized
to produce the final terrain surface and both 1’ & 5’ contour layers.
Using the imagery, both standard color (RGB) and 4-band (with color near-infrared) 3” resolution
orthophotography will be generated by rectifying the imagery to the new ground surface. Building and
vegetation Lidar data will be used to produce high quality image seamlines to create a true orthophoto
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City of Bozeman, Montana
Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
type appearance with minimal building and vegetation lean. This will be especially true for the urban
core, where buildings and tall vegetation can significantly impact orthophoto quality. All imagery is color
balanced during pre-processing and final processing to produce a “one-image” type appearance to the
overall orthophoto coverage.
Imagery is also used as part of a photogrammetric process to collect or update feature data layers like
the public sidewalk centerlines and 3D break-lines.
Solution Conclusion
The proposal will provide technical details on our approach while documenting our qualifications and
overall experience performing similar work. Details will be provided on key staff and their role in
supporting the scope of work. As requested, we are providing references for five recent projects, with
many of those having done repeated projects with GeoTerra. The company has also shown its ability to
meet project schedules foresees no issues with present or future workloads impacting on our ability to
support the City of Bozeman.
In support of “Additional Information / paragraph j” we will outline some of the strengths and advantages
of working with GeoTerra. One of those will be the option of performing work as part of a Map
Maintenance Plan or MMP. The MMP will save money for the City, set a solid course for this project
along with a follow-on orthophoto update, and possibly reduce City administrative tasks while increasing
overall project success. The MMP has been very popular with other cities about the same size as
Bozeman. We also have ideas on how to improve the value and overall deliverables to the City. These
ideas will be reviewed in this same section.
All work and supporting materials for this project are owned by the City of Bozeman. We will provide a full set of
deliverables and any supporting work products which may assist future updates.
Railyard, Cheyenne, Wyoming – High Resolution Orthophotography
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City of Bozeman, Montana
Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
d) Scope of Project
Kick-Off Meeting
GeoTerra will coordinate a Kick-Off meeting with the City no later than early February of 2024. Introductions
will be made between key staff at GeoTerra and the city, and points of contact will be exchanged to establish
an efficient communication channel. Details of the project will be discussed such as the flight plan, new and
existing control network, preferred data formats, tiling schemes, flight and delivery schedule, and any specific
questions, concerns, or changes to the scope the City may have. We recommend an online meeting format
as it provides more flexibility and the option for additional people to participate.
Flight Planning
GeoTerra owns five sensors and five fixed-wing aircraft with applicable sensor mounts. All five (5) aircraft
can accommodate each collection system, with individual availability and strengths determining use for the
planning and acquisition of new Lidar and imagery. Project boundaries will be confirmed with the City during
the Kick-off meeting, and a substantial buffer will be added for flight planning purposes to ensure complete
data coverage of the AOI. During this time frame, flights will be based out of our office in Boise, Idaho to
allow quick mobilization to Bozeman and to reduce overall project cost.
Imagery
The flight will be planned to capture imagery at a Ground Sample Distance (GSD) of less than 7.5 cm (0.246
ft) using our large format Vexcel UltraCam sensors with Focal Length of 100mm. Each camera operates with
proprietary image stabilization to limit blur and with gyro-mount attachments for dynamic stabilization in
the X, Y, and Z planes during flight. Photos will be acquired at a minimum within-line overlap of 60% and
minimum line-to-line overlap of 30% to allow full stereo coverage of the entire project. For the City’s
downtown core, we will double the number of images by increasing overlap to 80% within-line and 60% line-
to-line to reduce the lean of tall man-made structures by providing additional imagery closer to nadir for the
ortho-mosaics; see project map on page 3. Additional densified photos may be collected over highway
overpasses and significant bridges to allow top and bottom of bridge decks to be correctly adjusted in the
final orthos.
The flight will occur during the month of April during leaf-
off conditions and when the sun angle is greater than 40-
degrees from horizon. The downtown core will be flown
at the highest sun angles available the day of flight to help
lessen shadows around tall buildings. The minimum
visibility at the time of flight will be at least 10 miles with
conditions that are free of haze, smoke, smog, dust,
clouds, and cloud shadows. A flight during high, thin
overcast conditions may be considered if the leaf-off flight
window is closing and only if the resulting imagery does
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City of Bozeman, Montana
Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
not show ground mottling with significantly reduced light and shadows. The ground will be free of snow, ice,
and standing water from heavy rains.
Lidar
Acquisition of Lidar will be planned and performed using a fixed-wing aircraft. Data will be collected at a
minimum aggregate density of 8 ppsm using our Teledyne Optech Galaxy T2000, a sensor designed for wide-
area collection. The T2000 can acquire up to 2 million points per second and record up to 8 returns of data
for each pulse emitted using waveform interpolation. The sensor utilizes proprietary SwathTrak™ technology
to minimize data gaps by collecting a constant swath width, even over rough terrain. The Lidar acquisition
will be planned and flown with > 55% swath-to-swath overlap and at a maximum 40-degree Field of View to
minimize ground laser shadowing around elevated features and improve data accuracy. Each flight line will
be flown in opposing directions with at least one additional line flown perpendicular to all main lines to
improve relative data adjustment.
Flight and Coordination
Our experienced pilot will coordinate with local Air Traffic Control prior to and during flight to avoid any
unexpected restrictions over the project area. Local weather and ground conditions will be assessed daily by
our flight manager before mobilization to allow the flight crew to take advantage of the best weather window
that becomes available. Resources such as Weather Underground, local real-time webcams, and daily
satellite snow reports will be used for daily assessment of conditions. The City will be regularly updated on
the status of data acquisition and potential weather openings, with graphics provided as needed for
clarification.
Satellite constellation predictions will be evaluated prior and during flight to ensure Position Dilution of
Precision (PDOP) are at 3.0 or less, thus allowing the onboard AGNSS and IMU data to be processed with the
highest positional accuracy. Flight plans will be submitted prior to flight, to include project boundaries, flight
lines, exposures, and proposed control locations. Included will be documentation specifying aircraft, sensors,
flight altitude, and speed, Lidar scan rates and angles, and a chart or list showing temporal periods of high
PDOP. Sensor boresite calibrations will also be performed prior to flight.
Considerations
The City RFP states a requirement to obtain digital imagery and Lidar data simultaneously to ensure
consistency between image and Lidar datasets. GeoTerra’s experience with previous co-acquisition projects
provides evidence that such flights have drawbacks due to an inability to align specifications for each sensor
for optimal co-acquisition. The daily flying window for spring, leaf-off imagery is limited due to low sun angles
and the requirement to fly at greater than 40 degrees from horizon. Lidar can be flown at any time, even at
night, if the ground is free of precipitation and the air is free of particulates. Rather than counteracting each
sensor’s optimal flight specifications, we propose to acquire imagery and Lidar in separate fixed-wing aircraft
on or near the same day. Permanent structures or new construction projects are unlikely to change within a
one-to-five-day period between Lidar and imagery flights. This method will result in improved quality and
could have a positive impact on the project schedule.
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City of Bozeman, Montana
Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
Surveyed Control and Checkpoints
A minimum of 16 targeted or photo identifiable (PID) control points will be used to adjust aerial imagery to
the project coordinate system. Additional vertical-only check points will be surveyed on open, flat surfaces
such as paved roads if needed, to provide a precise vertical adjustment of the Lidar data. Existing City of
Bozeman control, especially any collected for previous aerial mapping projects, will be evaluated and utilized
as much as possible to reduce field time and cost. This may reduce the number of new points required. The
new control surveyed for the project will not exceed an accuracy of 5cm. Field photos and descriptions will
be taken and submitted with the Survey Report. A proposed layout of control is shown on page 3.
Additional checkpoints will be surveyed and used as an
independent assessment of final data accuracy to meet QL1
accuracy and quality specifications. Checkpoints will also be
surveyed along features identifiable in both Lidar and
orthophotography, such as road stop bars and paint lines, to
independently evaluate the horizontal accuracy of delivered data.
Lidar will meet or exceed an RMSEz of 10 cm (0.33 ft) and the 3-
inch orthophotography will meet accuracy requirements for
RMSEx and RMSEy of 15 cm (0.5 ft). Once used, we will look at
inserting the QC points back into the solution to further refine
both aerial and Lidar data.
GeoTerra’s surveyor Shelby Griggs has over 30 years of
experience as a Public Land Surveyor (PLS) and is licensed in five
states, including Oregon, Washington, California, Nevada, and
Idaho. He will work closely with Morris Land Surveying located in
Choteau, Montana. All processes, methodologies, data, and
reports will be carefully reviewed by Shelby. Morris Land
Surveying will submit a signed Survey Report to GeoTerra at the
conclusion of the project, to be submitted as a deliverable item
to the City.
Survey data included with final delivery will include the following:
▪ Survey Report, to include processes, methodology, field photos, base stations utilized, final
adjusted coordinates in both UTM Zone 12, and equipment used, signed by a Montana-licensed PLS,
in PDF format.
▪ Final surveyed control used for the project in both coordinate systems, in Excel or CSV format.
▪ Adjusted post-flight AGNSS and IMU data Exterior Orientation (EO) format with supplemental report
including statistical summary of accuracy and results in PDF format.
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Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
Imagery Post-Flight Data Processing
AGNSS and IMU
After flight, GNSS and IMU data will be post-processed using NovAtel Inertial Explorer Version 8.9. Precise
Point Positioning (PPP) will be utilized to autonomously position data from the aircraft receiver using dual
frequency data, precise orbits, and clock files. Results will be combined with IMU data using a loosely coupled
technique. Inertial Explorer will also compute lever arm offsets between the IMU and the L1 phase center of
the aircraft antenna. The final combined GNSS/IMU solution will be output to Exterior Orientation format for
photo centers and in Smoothed Best Estimate Trajectory (SBET) format for Lidar.
Imagery
Raw UltraCam sensor data will be processed using Vexcel UltraMap. Imagery initially will be inspected within
the software for anomalies, blur, and severe crab or tilt; any identified issues will be noted, and a re-flight
considered if needed. After image inspection, UltraMap will be used to apply radiometric correction to each
image based on sun angle at time of flight, a gamma adjustment for optimal brightness, and contrast
adjustment to reduce effects of normal atmospherics. Finally, a histogram adjustment will be applied on a
project-side basis to produce an even color adjustment across the project. The resulting data will be exported
to 4-band (RGB-Nir) uncompressed GeoTIFF format to use for further processing.
Aerial Triangulation
All imagery, processed AGNSS/IMU data, and control will be imported into Inpho MatchAT to perform the
aerial triangulation (AT). Auto-generated image tie points will be reviewed and edited as needed. Surveyed
control will be manually measured in each image. Additional vertical-only points from adjusted ground Lidar
will be added throughout the project to increase vertical accuracy of the AT and fit with Lidar. The final block
adjustment will be assessed in stereo using Inpho DTMaster by comparing measured control with the original
surveyed values. Additional AT refinements may be made to improve fit before finalizing the imagery block
adjustment for use in ortho production.
Orthophotography and Data Extraction
A process of image rectification will be performed on each image in Trimble Inpho OrthoMaster. The software
will use the final AT results and Lidar bare earth surface data to adjust every pixel to the correct horizontal
location. Image seamlines will be auto generated using Trimble Inpho OrthoVista to select the most nadir
portion of each image. No seamlines will run through buildings or other structures. Resulting orthos will be
cut into production tiles and reviewed for good seamline placement, image distortion, feature warping, and
severe building lean. Any identified issues will be corrected.
A preliminary set of compressed RGB orthophotography will be available four to six weeks after flight for use
by the City until final data is delivered. Final orthos will be cut into a client-approved, edge-matching tile
scheme. A draft of final data will be submitted within 90 days of flight for review by the City. We propose to
upload the draft final orthos to a GeoTerra QC Portal for efficient review by all interested participants. More
information and examples can be provided if there the City is interested in this ortho review
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Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
format. Any issues identified by the City will be corrected in a timely manner to allow quick turnaround of
final data and completion of the project.
The City has requested collection and delivery of all public sidewalks as centerlines with the project AOI.
GeoTerra will collect polylines using the new stereo imagery. Lines will be snapped and noded where they
intersect. Data will be delivered to the City in both project coordinate systems in an ESRI or AutoCAD format,
as needed.
Imagery Based Deliverables
▪ Pilot ortho and image sample for City review
▪ 3-inch (0.075m) RGBnir orthos in uncompressed GeoTIFF
▪ 3-inch (0.075m) RGBnir MrSID 10:1
▪ Seamless mosaic at 0.5’ (0.15m) pixel or 1.0’ (0.3m) pixel
▪ Public sidewalk centerlines in compatible ESRI or AutoCAD format
Lidar Post-Flight Processing
Registration and Relative Adjustment
Optech LMS software will combine the final SBET and range data to produce geo-referenced laser point
returns. Results will be exported to LAS format for each flight line and a preliminary fit adjustment performed
using a tie plane methodology. LAS data will then be imported into TerraMatch for final relative adjustment
by applying the software’s robust tie line matching capabilities and fit analysis. Final adjusted data will be
auto classified using TerraScan software using customized algorithms specific to conditions in and around the
City of Bozeman. Interswath consistency (swath-to-swath fit) will be analyzed using preliminary classified
ground points to confirm the final relative adjustment meets an RMSDz of 8cm or less.
Point Classification
The resulting data will be adjusted to surveyed ground control using GeoCue LP360 software. LAS data will
be cut into production tiles for careful review and editing of the initial auto classification. Any remaining high
or low noise points will be identified and corrected using raster subtraction between the bare earth and first
returns points. Final classified data will be cut into a City-approved tiling scheme. The Table below shows the
classification of final data to be delivered in LAS v1.4 format. Note that withheld flags will be applied to points
as required in the latest USGS Lidar Base Specifications.
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Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
Lidar classification scheme applied to all point returns.
Accuracy Assessment
Data checkpoints collected by the surveyor will be used to independently assess vertical accuracy of final
data to ensure it meets QL1 requirements for USGS Lidar Base Specifications Version 2023 rev A for quality,
density, and accuracy. The Lidar Report submitted with final data to include a brief project narrative,
information about flight planning, sensor settings, processing methods, software, deliverables, and the
results of accuracy analysis.
Lidar Data Extraction and Products
After completion of Lidar classification, hydrographic breaklines will be collected at the edge of all bodies of
water such as lakes and ponds that greater than ¼ acre in size; these will be “flattened” with a single
elevation. Rivers, streams, canals, and ditches greater than 2 meters in width will be collected as double
breaklines at water’s edge. Streams and ditches less than 2 meters in width will be collected as a single line
at the center of channel. Breakline elevations for streams, rivers, canals, and ditches will be derived from
the bare-earth Lidar with downstream constraints applied to vertices for consistent flow in one direction.
Breaklines will be collected at a NSSDA 1:2400 map scale accuracy to allow water to flow through bridges
and specifically identified culverts for a hydro-enforced and hydro-flattened representation of terrain.
Points classified as buildings will be used to create building polygons at roof dripline and will be attributed
with the height at highest point above ground. Breaklines will also be collected along sharp changes in terrain
such as bridge abutments and retaining walls. All breaklines and ground classified returns will be used to
create a hydro-flattened and hydro-enforced DEM and a hill shaded raster at 0.5-meter resolution. A DTM
will also be created using classified ground points, breaklines and hydrography and delivered as a terrain
dataset in ESRI geodatabase format. The final terrain will be used to create 1-foot contours, or metric
equivalent.
A draft of final data will be submitted within 90 days of flight for review by the City. Any corrections will be
made in a timely manner to allow quick turnaround of final data and completion of the project.
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Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
Lidar Deliverables:
Post-acquisition report summarizing the flight, including flight logs, in PDF format.
Unclassified (raw) Lidar at a density of > 8 pts/m², cut to approved edge-matched tile scheme, in
LAS v1.4 format with client-approved projections.
Classified Lidar at a density of > 8 pts/m², cut to approved edge-matched tile scheme, in LAS v1.4
format with client-approved projections.
Digital Terrain Model (DTM), including points and breaklines, in ESRI terrain geodatabase
format.
Digital Elevation Model (DEM) at a 0.5-meter pixel resolution in GeoTIFF format.
Hill-shaded, grayscale DEM at a 0.5-meter pixel resolution in GeoTIFF format.
1-foot contours in client-approved format such as ESRI geodatabase or AutoCAD *.DWG format.
Building footprints in polygon format, attributed with highest rooftop point, in ESRI geodatabase
format.
All breaklines and hydrography as described above in ESRI geodatabase format.
Project index, including boundaries, tile scheme, control, checkpoints, and Lidar swaths, in ESRI
geodatabase format.
Lidar Report to include a project summary, collection methodology, accuracy assessment
results, and a list of all delivered products in PDF format.
FGDC-compliant metadata in XML format, to include a complete description of the project, data
quality results, deliverables, organization, correct spatial reference, with entity and attribute
information.
Optional Lidar-based products for consideration
▪ Ground-classified MKP in LAS 1.4 format
▪ Terrain in Civil 3D format
▪ RGB attribution of point data aerial imagery, in LAS v1.4 format
GeoTerra QC Processes
Imagery
✓ Flight plans checked for coverage and proper overlaps prior to flight.
✓ Glass in sensor mount is cleaned and checked before each lift.
✓ Real-time review of in-flight data and PDOP to allow for immediate re-flight if needed.
✓ Post-flight review of imagery IMU data for acceptable Tilt and Crab:
o Tilt: Average < 2 degrees; < 4 degrees for any photo; relative between two frames < 6
degrees.
o Crab: Average < 5 degrees for each line. Difference between successful photos < 5 degrees.
✓ Post-flight review of processed photos to ensure no sensor anomalies are present.
✓ Review by surveyor of post-flight processed AGNSS and SBET data.
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Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
✓ Aerial Triangulation (AT) results reviewed by Project Manager for acceptable fit to survey control
and fit of image-to-image tie points. AT adjustments made or control checked by surveyor, if
needed.
✓ Orthophotography reviewed for optimal seamline placement, no image warping, distortion,
excessive building lean, or glare. Adjustments made to terrain and/or seamline placement if
needed.
✓ Final ortho tiles reviewed for no zero-data pixels and correctly applied spatial reference.
✓ FGDC Metadata Validator used to check completion of information and correct format for each
delivered geospatial product.
Lidar
✓ Flight plans reviewed to ensure complete coverage of project AOI and appropriate sensor settings to
meet project objectives.
✓ Glass in sensor mount is cleaned and checked before each lift.
✓ “Waterfall” of sensor data monitored during flight to immediately identify gaps or issues; lines with
erroneous or suspicious results will be re-flown during same mission.
✓ Post-flight review for significant data gaps and sensor anomalies; re-fly if warranted.
✓ After TerraScan adjustment:
o Swath-to-swath fit assessed to ensure project specifications are met; further adjustments
performed if required.
o Check that minimum point density requirements were met; assess issue and re-fly if needed.
✓ Ground classified Lidar reviewed by comparing bare earth to first return data to identify remaining
noise or point misclassifications; furthering editing if needed.
✓ Control fit to Lidar reviewed; outliers carefully assessed to rule-out issues with Lidar adjustment or
classification.
✓ Building polygons reviewed using current orthophotography; corrections applied to classified
building points and polygons where needed.
✓ FGDC Metadata Validator used to check completion of information and correct format for each
delivered geospatial product.
✓ Final terrain surface and generated contours reviewed for logical surface representation and errors,
especially around sharp breaklines; corrections applied where needed.
Project Coordinate Systems
All geospatial products associated with Lidar and imagery will be delivered in the NAD83_2011 horizontal
datum and NAVD88 vertical datum with Geoid 18, in units of meters. Data will also be delivered in the
following two coordinate systems:
• UTM Zone 12
• Montana State Plane
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Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
Schedule of Events (Estimated)
• Estimated contract award January 2024
• Kick-Off Meeting February 2024
• Submission of Flight Plans for Review March 2024
• Survey for Control and Checkpoints March - April 2024
• Acquisition Window April 2024
• Delivery of Preliminary Orthophotography May 2024
• Draft of Final Data Submitted for Review July 15-31, 2024
• Corrections performed per City Review of Draft Data August 2024
• Final Deliverables to City (NLT) August 31, 2024
(Note: City’s desired completion date is 90 days following acquisition for primary data deliverables)
Ocean NAS (Virginia) – Mosaic for 7.5cm orthophoto imagery for U.S. Navy Naval Facilities Command
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City of Bozeman, Montana
Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
e) Related Experience with Projects Similar to the Scope of Services
As an overview, GeoTerra, Inc. is a leading provider of aerial acquisition and mapping related services
throughout the continental United States. The company focuses its efforts on geospatial data acquisition
to include Lidar and imagery, with supporting tasks such as feature data collection, terrain surface
development, impervious surfaces, orthophotography, GPS Surveying, and Geographic Information
Systems (GIS) related tasks.
Working through a network of regional aerial acquisition partners, GeoTerra can economically obtain
data for most U.S. locations. A skilled technical team, using the latest in equipment and software,
provides GeoTerra with an outstanding ability to meet client needs for accuracy, content, format, and
schedule. Key to our overall success is a commitment to quality, value, and efficient communication with
our clients – professionalism.
Similar to this project for Bozeman, we support many municipalities with Lidar acquisition and processing,
as well as imagery for the production of photogrammetric data layers and orthophotography. Our
methodologies and workflows result in engineering grade mapping, usable for a wide range of
applications across city departments. Adding to the overall value of our data sets, we always keep an eye
on value for the client, providing data so it can often be updated in the future with a lower fiscal impact.
We are not a large company, and we feel this makes us more responsive with lower overhead, thus
making our projects both efficient and value oriented. Our key Team Leaders, Project Managers, and
Senior Technicians have been developed internally with just enough staff turnover to keep methods and
ideas fresh.
This next section will highlight similar project work we have performed with additional information
provided under “References – paragraph g”.
One thing to point out, a majority
of our municipal clients do
repeat work with GeoTerra as
part of an effort to keep data
current and effective. By working
repeatedly with GT, they obtain
a high “VALUE” for their
investment. Though not always
the least expensive, the projects
performed with GeoTerra offer
an exceptional package of data
with lower risk, lower long-term
costs, superior quality, and
performed per agreed upon
schedules. Topographic Lidar for City of Boise project area (COMPASS)
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City of Bozeman, Montana
Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
eCityGov Alliance (Regional Cooperative of Municipalities) [2023, 2021, 2020] Washington
End Client: eCityGov Alliance PM: Leanne Mitchell / Molly Jackson
Role of Firm: Prime Contractor Staff Effort: ALL
Contact Information: Tyler Running Dear Service Dates: 1/2020 to 1/2021 | 2023
trunningdeer@ecitygov.net, (425) 452-7821
GeoTerra provided aerial mapping services for the eCityGov Alliance
in 2020 & 2021 with aerial imagery acquisition over an area over a
good portion of Western King County, Washington and covering
eleven cities and the Northshore Utility District. Imagery was
acquired during leaf-off conditions in spring of 2020 at a pixel
resolution of 0.25 feet for production of photogrammetric products
to include impervious surfaces, terrain surface mapping, and
orthophotography. The 4-band stereo imagery mission consisted of
102 flight lines and 9,785 exposures with specialized flight lines in
some areas to increase endlap and sidelap over standard settings.
Imagery was aerial triangulated using a combination
of control sources to include new pre-marked
points, existing points, photogrammetric
transferred points, and the use of Airborne GPS and
IMU. GeoTerra had previous high accuracy mapping
and Lidar for this area used on similar projects
between 2015 and 2019. Imagery went through a
stringent quality control process, requiring
specialized processing of some flight lines. The
rectification surface for orthophoto generation was
updated from previous projects using
photogrammetric DTM collection methods and
seamlessly integrated with the historical terrain
surface to meet required accuracy specifications.
Four-band orthophotography was generated at a
pixel resolution of 0.25’. A pilot area was provided
to the client for review and to establish final
radiometric settings across the project. Municipalities covered in 2023 project
Some of the partners required additional tasks, to include collection and delivery of impervious surfaces
in ArcGIS geodatabase format. Many of these surfaces were updates from previous projects supporting
these same clients. New areas were also collected for some cities.
This was a complex project requiring technical coordination with many of the cooperative members. The
overall project was completed on time and to specification. The project was again performed in 2023
with additional participants and Lidar added for some project areas.
• City of Bellevue
• City of Bothell
• City of Des Moines
• City of Issaquah
• City of Kenmore
• City of Kirkland
• City of Mercer Island
• City of Newcastle
• City of Sammamish
• City of SeaTac
• City of Shoreline
• Northshore Utility District
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City of Bozeman, Montana
Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
COMPASS (multiple times since 1999 – currently under 6-year program to 2027) Idaho
End Client: Community Planning Association (COMPASS) PM: Leanne Mitchell / Bret Hazell
Role of Firm: Prime Contractor Staff Effort: ALL
Contact Information: Eric Adolfson, Principal Planner
EAdolfson@compassidaho.org | O: 541.258.4244 M: 541.914.8506
The COMPASS cooperative made up of municipal, county, and state agencies for SW Idaho, is a long-time
client for GeoTerra, having performed large high-resolution projects using both Lidar and imagery over
the course of 20 years. The area has seen amazing growth during this time frame, making mapping every
few years critical to regional planners and engineers. Cities as part of this group include Boise, Meridian,
Eagle, Caldwell, Kuna, and Star.
Selected in 2000 (as 3Di), 2003, 2007, 2013, 2016, 2019, and 2022 through a qualifications-based
selection process. The original project consisted of 680 square miles split into urban and rural areas for
different contour intervals and orthophoto resolutions. The GPS control network, and digital terrain
model (DTM) developed for this project using photogrammetric collection methods, has supported
projects through 2022 (with updates) as an orthophoto generation surface – a testament to its quality
and durability over the years to be updated and reused. Over the years, additional areas have been
integrated into the project and in 2016, one ortho resolution of 0.5’ was used for the entire area (1,351
square miles). In 2019, the project was enlarged again and resolution areas of 0.25’ and 0.50’ were
acquired and provided as orthophotography. In addition, the 2016, 2019, 2022 projects included
additional imagery at a greater endlap and sidelap for the Boise downtown area, Interstate 84 flying Y,
and greater endlap for urban areas in Caldwell, Nampa, Star, Kuna, Meridian, and Boise Airport.
In 2019, GeoTerra acquired and delivered Lidar and terrain data sets for the project, using a USGS QL1
standard for the Urban Areas and USGS QL2 for the Rural Areas. Final point density was calculated at 15
ppsm for the Urban QL1 Area and 3 ppsm for the Rural QL2 Area. Final Vertical RMSE for the Urban area
was 0.118 feet based upon 4,657 sample points and for the Rural Area, 0.240 feet based upon 4,158
sample points. The 2019 Lidar terrain surface continues to be used as a rectification surface for
orthophotography. Yearly projects are now flown with the current agreement lasting through 2027.
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City of Bozeman, Montana
Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
Clearwater Wind Farm (2020) Montana
End Client: dk Engineering PM: Bret Hazell / Brad Hille
Role of Firm: Prime Contractor Staff Effort: ALL
Contact Information: Dan Drummond, LS
DDrummond@dkEngin.com | O: 925.932.6868 M: 925.260.4862
Clearwater Wind Farm, located near Angela, Montana, was awarded to GeoTerra in April of 2020 by dk
Engineering, a firm based out of Walnut Creek, California. A total of 197 square miles was flown with
both Lidar and imagery for mapping of an area 161 square miles in size (103,040 acres). The project was
acquired and processed by GeoTerra on time and to the specifications of the requested deliverables. The
prime on this contract has continued to use GeoTerra for multiple aerial mapping projects each year since
this job in Montana.
Lidar formed the basis for the terrain deliverables, consisting of contours, DEM, Civil3D terrain surface,
and a ground / non-ground classified .las file. The data set was collected using an Optech Galaxy Prime
sensor system at a minimum density of 8ppsm. A total of 34 flight lines were acquired using a Cessna
Turbo 210 aircraft with sensor settings at a 40-degree field of view (FOV) and a 600 MHz PRF (pulse
repetition frequency). The final fit to control had an average RMSE of .096’ or less than 1/10th of a foot,
with a limited range of .370’.
Stereo imagery was obtained at a 60% endlap with a 30% sidelap between flight lines. The mission
consisted of 1,059 exposures processed as 3-band, 8-bit per band images (standard RGB color). GeoTerra
flew the mission using a Cessna turbo 210 aircraft with a Vexcel large format camera on a gyro mount
with motion compensation at a ground sample distance of 12cm. The final aerial triangulation solution
with ground control had an average elevation fit of 0.034 feet with a range of 0.789 feet. The Lidar and
photogrammetric solutions when compared to each other of 0.028’ – seamless match between the two
data sets. This allowed for accurate collection of 3D break lines and feature data layers matching the
Lidar derived ground surface. Orthophotography was delivered at a 0.50’ pixel resolution in both
uncompressed (GeoTiff) and SID/SDW compressed formats
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City of Bozeman, Montana
Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
City of Lebanon (2017 to 2023 / multiple MMP) Oregon
End Client: City of Lebanon PM: Bret Hazell / Brad Hille
Role of Firm: Prime Contractor Staff Effort: ALL
Contact Information: Casey McMillin, IT/GIS Systems Coordinator
DDrummond@dkEngin.com | O: 925.932.6868 M: 925.260.4862
Through a highly competitive qualifications process, GeoTerra (dba 3Di) was first awarded the 2012 citywide aerial
mapping project. The project provided the new ortho-rectified imagery at a pixel resolution of 0.25’ along with
updated (from 2005) features at 1” = 50’ map scale, updated contour DTM, and new 1’ contours. Data was
delivered in ArcGIS, TIFF and MrSID formats depending upon the type of deliverable (vector vs. raster). New data
sets conformed to City standards for GIS data layers and attribute definitions. A series of consistent updates has
taken place since 2017 with the City currently under a GT Map Maintenance Program.
In 2017, The City of Lebanon contracted with GeoTerra to
provide a two-phase update to include new aerial
photography and Lidar data. GeoTerra’s Land Surveyor
reviewed the existing control and supplemented it as needed
to meet the requirement of the project. The controlled aerial
imagery from 2012 was also used to provide control and a
seamless fit with the existing data set. After performing the
aerial triangulation, we updated areas of change (features
and DTM). After confirmation of the change areas by the City,
the updated areas were seamlessly merged with existing data
layers to produce complete 50-scale map coverage of the
project area with new 1’ contours and supporting DTM.
In 2019, GeoTerra provided the City a geodatabase update
and vegetation analysis utilizing the 2017 aerial mapping
update data, preserving attributes where necessary. The
2017 Lidar data was utilized to produce an updated tree layer,
replacing the outdated photogrammetrically collected tree
lines and points.
Currently (2023), GeoTerra is contracted for a Multi-Year Map
Maintenance Plan (MMP.) The current MMP locks in a rate
structure, improves technical support, and provides regularly
updated (and current) base map, resulting in less field time by
City crews.
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City of Bozeman, Montana
Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
City of Bend, Oregon (2019 to 2023)
End Client: City of Bend PM: Bret Hazell / Brad Hille
Role of Firm: Prime Contractor Staff Effort: ALL
Contact Information: Colleen Miller, Office of Performance Mgmt.
CMiller@BendOregon.gov | O: 541.693.2120 M: 541.610.9292
GeoTerra provided aerial imagery, Lidar, and mapping related services to the City of Bend in support of
the City of Bend 2019 and 2022 Base Mapping projects. Each project was a significant update and upgrade
to historical mapping performed by GeoTerra previously. The expanded Area of Interest for each was
approximately 90 square miles and centered on the City of Bend located in central Oregon. Bend in many
ways is similar to the City of Bozeman. They both have experienced fast growth and pride themselves on
their livability and easy access to outdoor recreation. Expanded services and rapid change results in a
mapping and GIS program focused on this type of challenge.
New aerial imagery was acquired in stereo
at a Ground Sample Distance (GSD) of 7cm
using a large format digital mapping
camera equipped with Forward Motion
Compensation (FMC), AGPS and IMU. The
imagery data set was aerial triangulated
to provide a photogrammetric fit across
the entire AOI meeting project accuracy
standards. Orthophotography was
generated at a map scale of 1” = 40’ with
a 0.25’ pixel resolution and useable as a
base map layer. The orthophotography
was cleaned and fully edited to correct actual bridge perspectives, overpass views, new construction, and
levee alignment.
Utilizing a Galaxy PRIME sensor, Lidar was acquired at a target density of 8 points per square meter
(ppsm). Data was processed, calibrated, classified, and put through a quality control process to arrive at
a final data set which included ground classification of applicable points. Ground points were used to
develop the terrain surface and contours. GeoTerra continues yearly work with the City of Bend in
support of their Street Preservation Program, using imagery and Lidar acquired for the base mapping
efforts to map detailed street
corridors which are undergoing
planning and engineering for
immanent repaving work. The 2023
project was completed per
requested specifications and
delivered earlier than required. This
methodology, using aerial mapping
for repaving planning, has resulted in
a program cost savings for the City.
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City of Bozeman, Montana
Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
Other Current or Recent Clients with Similar Focus / Deliverables:
▪ Columbia Mountain Tram Lidar, MT (2019)
▪ City of Grants Pass, OR - 2023 MMP / 2019 / 2018 / 2017 / 2015
▪ City of Port Angeles, WA (2019)
▪ City of Olympia, WA (2018, 2021)
▪ City of Albany, OR (MMP current)
▪ Jerome, ID (2016, 2020)
▪ City of St. Helens, OR – 2022
▪ City of Redding, CA (2016, 2019, and 2020)
▪ California Reservoir System – large project with Lidar and imagery, CA (2022)
▪ City of Santa Rosa, CA – almost yearly contracts since 2015 for assorted services – last 2023
▪ Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) – Long-term contracts
▪ Idaho Department of Transportation, ID – multiple projects over last 5 years
▪ Oregon Departments of Forestry, Parks and Recreation, Transportation – Long-term contracts
▪ Washington Department of Natural Resources – Multiple contracts for DNR & as sub to NV5
▪ U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District – 2019 to 2024 under 5-year contract
▪ Projects for Private Forestry Clients
▪ Projects for Private Engineering and Surveying Clients
▪ Projects for Airport Mapping and Obstruction Survey Clients
▪ Projects for Wind, Solar, and Transmission Development Clients
Shaded relief terrain map of the Treasure Valley, Idaho produced using GT Lidar
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City of Bozeman, Montana
Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
f) Statement of Qualifications
Both the Experience (e) section and the Key Personnel (i) section contribute directly to our experience
and qualifications and thus the focus of this section.
Professional Credentials – GeoTerra
• The company successfully performs over 100 projects each year for sites across the United States.
Many of these projects are for municipalities like the City of Bozeman.
• Lidar and imagery data sets are the focus of our company and the method we primarily use to
provide detailed engineering grade mapping.
• At least ½ of our projects each year combine both Lidar and imagery – working together.
• Except for ground survey, all tasks can be performed internally with full control of the process.
For this project, we will use a Montana licensed Land Surveyor.
• GeoTerra has been in business for over 20 years. The company has never been sued or had a
project rejected for quality.
• Our aircraft and crews are familiar with Montana conditions and fly in the state multiple times
each year for project related acquisition of Lidar and imagery.
• As an ESRI Business Partner and with its own internal GIS group, we are very familiar with GIS data
delivery, as well as CAD based data delivery.
• Our online orthophoto review Portal will save time, reduce the complexity of the ortho QC
process, and result in a better overall product with higher client satisfaction.
Professional Credentials – Staff
• Bret Hazell, President, Principal Owner, and Responsible Person in Charge
Certified Photogrammetrist, Registered Professional Photogrammetrist (OR), Surveyor
Photogrammetrist (VA), previous Officer in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
• Leanne Mitchell, Senior Project Manager, Certified Photogrammetrist – highly experienced at
both the technical and administrative levels.
• Brad Hille, Vice President of Operations, Certified Photogrammetric Technician, Registered
Professional Photogrammetrist (OR) – managed production on over 1,000 projects
• Shelby Griggs, Owner, Vice President GT, Staff Surveyor, land surveyor licensure in five (5) states
with experience on dozens of DOD sites across the United States
• Molly Jackson, GIS Manager, GISP – lead GIS technician on hundreds of projects, to include dozens
of municipal mapping projects; manages the online portal applications for GT
• Tyler VanHeel, Chief Pilot for GeoTerra over the last 10 years; safely led flight group in the
execution of hundreds of successful projects; Commercial Pilot Rating with over 4,500 flight hours
Experience Providing Bozeman Scope of Services Related Work
Orthophotography is part of almost every project we perform. The map scale, and resolutions are typical
of similar work we do for municipalities. If given the opportunity, we would welcome the opportunity to
work with the City to provide feature data layers, survey control and QC checks, as well as orthophotos
in multiple projections and at different resolutions.
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City of Bozeman, Montana
Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
The Lidar tasks and deliverables to include hydrography, building footprints with extruded heights, DTM,
surfaces, breakline collection and utilization, along with 1’ contour generation are all standard products
which GeoTerra has extensive experience providing. All our projects include metadata and typically,
reports for Lidar related work. We see no issue with delivering data sets both online and on a final hard
drive which can be kept by the City.
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City of Bozeman, Montana
Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
Subconsultant Support – Land Surveying
Morris Land Surveys, PLLC
193 3rd Street NE
Choteau, Montana
Phone: 406.466.3550
www.MorrisLandSurveys.com
Founded in 2008, Morris Land Surveys PLLC is a private firm centrally located in picturesque Choteau,
Montana. The company philosophy is to provide an unparalleled quality of service to clientele, by
producing professional deliverables, based upon project parameters (scope), while allowing for personal
and professional growth in the field of surveying, engineering, and land development. The firm is
comprised of talented professional personnel and utilizes the most modern equipment to offer efficient
professional services. This includes a full array of land surveying and civil engineering capabilities.
The Morris Land Surveying Team includes:
▪ Matt Morris, Owner, Professional Land Surveyor
(resume provided with GeoTerra staff)
▪ Mark Larson, Professional Land Surveyor
▪ Cotton D. Jones, Professional Land Surveyor
▪ Ryan Casne, Professional Engineer
▪ Cory Kelly, Survey Technician
▪ Sandor Hopkins, Certified Floodplain Manager
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City of Bozeman, Montana
Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
g) References
The information provided here is the same as the project examples but narrowed down to contact
information. Please let us know if you would like additional references should one or more of these be
hard to contact.
eCityGov Alliance (Regional Cooperative of Municipalities) [2023, 2021, 2020] Washington
End Client: eCityGov Alliance PM: Leanne Mitchell / Molly Jackson
Role of Firm: Prime Contractor Staff Effort: ALL
Contact Information: Tyler Running Dear Service Dates: 1/2020 to 1/2021 | 2023
trunningdeer@ecitygov.net, (425) 452-7821
COMPASS (multiple times since 1999 – currently under 6-year program to 2027) Idaho
End Client: Community Planning Association (COMPASS) PM: Leanne Mitchell / Bret Hazell
Role of Firm: Prime Contractor Staff Effort: ALL
Contact Information: Eric Adolfson, Principal Planner
EAdolfson@compassidaho.org | O: 541.258.4244 M: 541.914.8506
Clearwater Wind Farm (2020) Montana
End Client: dk Engineering PM: Bret Hazell / Brad Hille
Role of Firm: Prime Contractor Staff Effort: ALL
Contact Information: Dan Drummond, LS
DDrummond@dkEngin.com | O: 925.932.6868 M: 925.260.4862
City of Lebanon (2017 to 2023 / multiple MMP) Oregon
End Client: City of Lebanon PM: Bret Hazell / Brad Hille
Role of Firm: Prime Contractor Staff Effort: ALL
Contact Information: Casey McMillin, IT/GIS Systems Coordinator
DDrummond@dkEngin.com | O: 925.932.6868 M: 925.260.4862
City of Bend, Oregon (2019 to 2023)
End Client: City of Bend PM: Bret Hazell / Brad Hille
Role of Firm: Prime Contractor Staff Effort: ALL
Contact Information: Colleen Miller, Office of Performance Mgmt.
CMiller@BendOregon.gov | O: 541.693.2120 M: 541.610.9292
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City of Bozeman, Montana
Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
h) Present and Projected Workloads
GeoTerra will not be negatively impacted by completing work for City of Bozeman within 90 days of
acquisition, having the internal capacity and experience to accomplish this work in an exemplary manner.
We have repeatedly demonstrated our ability to accomplish multiple projects simultaneously while
maintaining high standards of accuracy and overall quality.
Brad Hille, our Vice President of Operations, constantly monitors projects for issues, flow of work, and
overall schedule. When needed, we can adapt and rededicate resources to keep tasks on track and
project delivery dates maintained. Given our size and focus, it is critical our staff are cross trained in
multiple technical tasks across both imagery and Lidar processing pipelines. We are fortunate to have
one of the most experienced and well-trained crews available in the industry today. Work is monitored
using our in-house developed production database called GTDB. This software is a powerful tool used
for clocking hours by staff, producing project reports, deliverables management, data shipment
transmittals and invoicing.
We currently have over 40 projects in different stages of production. It is not unusual for us to have over
60 projects, of all different sizes, in production in the spring and summer months. Even though it is late
November, we have five (5) projects waiting to be flown in different locations throughout the country.
As spring hits, this will move to over 20 projects waiting to be acquired or currently being acquired.
The flight window for Bozeman is April of 2024 – this is a good time for us to obtain Lidar and imagery,
with many western Washington and Oregon sites being flown in March. As we get into the latter half of
May, the schedule picks up again as forestry and other projects move to take advantage of high sun
angles. As things stand right now, we have two projects to acquire in April – COMPASS and the City of
Laramie, Wyoming. The City of Bozeman would complement this schedule and allow us to be efficient in
our geographic coverage.
The COMPASS project will take two days to acquire, normally in early April. We were recently selected
by the City of Laramie in a qualifications-based selection process. This project will be flown sometime in
April when conditions permit, much like Bozeman. One of our very large projects we do periodically is
not scheduled for 2024, thus we have additional capacity (eCityGov Alliance).
An interesting note, we are currently mapping in and around the cities of Havre and Shelby in Montana.
The project involved Lidar and imagery acquisition for a total of over 35,000 acres with work being
completed this winter (2023-2024). Our surveyor for the Bozeman submittal (Morris Land Surveys),
worked with us very efficiently to do the ground survey for these two project areas.
Should additional capacity be needed, we have good relationships with a number of subconsultants who
could support work in spring of 2024 and match well with our overall project cost plan. All work
performed by subconsultants for GeoTerra is closely reviewed before being used. We don’t anticipate
this need but can call upon it when practical.
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City of Bozeman, Montana
Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
i) Key Personnel
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City of Bozeman, Montana
Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
Leanne Mitchell
Project Manager
ASPRS Certified Photogrammetrist
Background and General Qualifications
▪ Bachelor of Science, Forestry, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas
▪ Graduate Certificate in Geographic Information Science, Oregon State University, Oregon
▪ Certified Photogrammetrist by the American Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
Leanne has over 20 years of progressively responsible experience in aerial mapping. In her duties as
Senior Project Manager, Leanne oversees critical aspects of projects, from inception through delivery of
the final product including the QA/QC steps. She has extensive experience in photogrammetry including
project planning, DTM development, and high accuracy data collection. Leanne is well versed in standard
mapping techniques, procedures, and GIS concepts. Besides general production flow, Leanne’s technical
expertise includes LiDAR acquisition, production, and data integration.
Leanne has comprehensive experience managing municipal, state, and federal government, and industry
projects. An excellent communicator, Leanne successfully interacts on a daily basis with clients and staff
to provide the best product possible within the scope of services. Utilizing her vast experience in the
industry, Leanne is especially adept at practical problem solving for clients.
Project Management Experience
eCityGov Alliance multi-year mapping project (supporting Washington cities of: Kenmore,
Kirkland, Burien, Mercer Island, Issaquah, Bellevue, Shoreline, Redmond, Sammamish, Newcastle,
and Bothell.)
City of Portland METRO Orthophotography multi-year project, Oregon
City of Albany (Oregon) Map Maintenance Plan (multi-year mapping program)
USDA-ARS Aerial Mapping Services Grays Harbor Bay, Washington
City of Port Angeles Lidar and Orthophotography, Washington
Cow Creek and Bijou Hills Wind Farms, Colorado
Velocity Solar Site Development, Colorado
Oregon Department of Forestry 3DEP Lidar projects, multiple AOI sites throughout Oregon
Community Planning Association, Ada and Canyon County multi-year Map Maintenance Plan,
Idaho
City of Grants Pass (Oregon) Map Maintenance Plan
City of Santa Rosa Orthophotography and Floodplain Project. California
Colville Tribes Fire AOI and Full Reservation Mapping, Washington
USGS Western Ecological Research Center, Willapa Bay, Washington
Tucannon River Basin Lidar and Imagery project, Washington
USDA Forest Service, Region 3, Aerial Mapping of various sites in Arizona and New Mexico
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City of Bozeman, Montana
Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
Brad Hille
Vice President of Operations; Project Manager
ASPRS Certified Photogrammetric Technologist #1291PT
State of Oregon Registered Professional Photogrammetrist #80317RPP
Background and General Qualifications
Brad holds a Bachelor of Science (BS) in Geography from Oregon State University and has almost 30 years
of progressively responsible experience in aerial mapping – from production through project
management. As an experienced Project Manager, he has a proven record of managing hundreds of
projects of all sizes. Brad oversees critical aspects of production coordination, setting priorities and
ensuring interdepartmental work efforts are efficient and accurate. Brad’s extensive technical expertise
is critical in supervising projects and managing them from inception to delivery including the Quality
Assurance and Quality Control steps.
His extensive experience in photogrammetry and LiDAR includes project planning, DTM development,
and high accuracy data collection. An excellent communicator, Brad is responsible for client relations,
project management and tracking, subcontracting coordination, flight and control planning, aerial
triangulation, DTM and planimetric feature collection, and developing QA/QC processes. He successfully
interacts on a daily basis with clients and staff to provide the best product and services possible with the
scope of work. In addition to general production flow coordination,
Brad is a licensed Registered Professional Photogrammetrist with the State of Oregon and a Certified
Photogrammetric Technologist by the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.
Project Management Experience
Project Manager, Mount St. Helens Sediment Plain Aerial Lidar Mapping, Washington
Production Operations Manager, Sacramento River Lidar and Mapping Project, California
Project Manager, Washington State Parks Seashore Conservation Lidar Mapping
Project Manager, Missoula MSO Airport and Drainage Basin Mapping, Montana
Production Operations Manager, MCB Camp Pendleton, California
Operations Manager, Eagle Solar, Utah
Operations Manager, Colockum Forest Lands, Washington State Dept. of Natural Resources
Project Manager, City of Albany Municipal Mapping & Digital Orthophotography Project, Oregon
Operations Manager, City of Bend Aerial Lidar Mapping Project, Oregon
Operations Manager, State Route 405, Washington State Dept. of Transportation (WSDOT)
Operations Manager, Cow Creek and Bijou Hills Wind Sites, Colorado
Project Manager, City of Corvallis multiyear Map Maintenance Plan, Oregon
Project Manager, Issaquah Creek Aerial Lidar floodplain mapping, King County, Washington
Operations Manager, Stewardship Lands Digital Aerial Imagery; multiple sites since 2014
Operations Manager, Jim Bridger Pond, Wyoming
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City of Bozeman, Montana
Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
Bret J. Hazell
Principal Owner
Project Manager, Responsible Person in-Charge, President
ASPRS Certified Photogrammetrist #1249
State of Oregon Registered Professional Photogrammetrist #78331 RPP
Background and General Qualifications
Bret holds a Master of Science in Geography from Oregon State University and a Bachelor of Arts in
Geography from California State University, Chico. He served 9 years as an Engineer and Topographic Officer
in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Active-Duty Military).
Bret has over 35 years of progressively responsible management experience with documented success in the
areas of photogrammetry, cartography, geo-positioning systems, human resource management, and military
construction. As the Senior Project Manager, he oversees general operations and complex projects. On a
daily basis he assists clients with project management, project development, and contracting. He has been
the President of GeoTerra since its inception in 2002.
Bret has successfully managed a wide range of mapping related work across the United States. He has
successfully led project teams to support multimillion-dollar mapping and GIS efforts with a total project
resume exceeding 2000 projects. He is the principal owner of GeoTerra, Inc. and one of the most experienced
project managers for mapping related work in the industry.
Project Experience
Program Manager, eCityGov Alliance (King County) multi-stakeholder Lidar and Imagery mapping
Program Manager, City of Portland METRO Orthophotography multi-year project (Oregon)
Program Manager, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Portland District) 5-year IDIQ Contract
Project Manager, King County Rivers and Saltwater State Park, Washington
Project Manager, Cities of Olympia and Tumwater, Aerial Mapping Project (Washington)
Program Manager, City of Corvallis Map Maintenance Plan (Oregon)
Program Manager, City of Bend City-Wide Imagery and Lidar mapping (Oregon)
Project Manager, King County Upper Snoqualmie and Forks Lidar/Topo/Orthophotography
Program Manager, WSDOT (Washington DOT) On-Call Photogrammetric Mapping IDIQ Contract
Project Manager, U.S. Navy NAVFAC MidLANT Installations Program, Multiple States
Project Manager, Tucannon River Basin Bathy-Topo-Ortho Project (Umatilla Tribes, Washington)
Project Manager, U.S. Air Force Air Combat Command Mapping Program, Multiple States
Project Manager, King County North and South Rivers (Washington)
Program Manager, Wind and Solar Sites, Multiple States
For this contract, Bret will be the Responsible Person in Charge with overall accountability for the successful
completion of all project tasks. He is familiar with ASPRS Map Accuracy Standards and other applicable
industry methods, processes, and software applications for the relevant work on this contract.
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City of Bozeman, Montana
Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
Shelby Griggs, PLS
Staff Surveyor, Principal
Background and General Qualifications
A.E. in Surveying Engineering Technology, Oregon Institute of Technology
General Engineering curriculum, Central Oregon Community College
Leica Advanced GPS Training Course, Portland, Oregon
Background and General Qualifications
Shelby is one of the leading GPS surveyors in the country. He also has an extensive background in
cadastral and boundary surveying, having worked throughout the United States for over 30 years
performing high accuracy surveys in varied and challenging environments. He has performed as the lead
surveyor for hundreds of projects in the Western U.S. and is a licensed Land Surveyor in five (5) states.
Shelby is a principal and Vice President of GeoTerra, Inc. He has been a speaker at several regional
surveying and mapping conferences involving the technical aspects of GPS and its utilization.
Project Experience
Project/Survey Control/Control Network Experience with Digital Mapping Products
Project Surveyor, COMPASS; Multi-city Mapping Cooperative, Ada and Canyon Counties, Idaho
Project Surveyor, Oregon Department of Forestry, Multiple Project sites throughout Oregon
Project Surveyor, NAVFAC MidLANT GeoReadiness Center, Virginia
Project Surveyor, Columbia River Corridor, Grant County Public Utility District, Washington
Project Surveyor, Tucannon River Basin, Washington
Project Surveyor, Chehalis River Watershed, Washington
Project Surveyor, Washington Department of Transportation (WSDOT) Tumwater Canyon LiDAR
Project Surveyor, Survey Control for Hanford Energy Site (Richland, Washington) Base Mapping
Project Surveyor, City of Lebanon, Oregon
Project Surveyor, Sacramento River Corridor, California
Project Surveyor, City of Lebanon, Oregon
Project Surveyor, Fort McDermitt Site, Nevada
Project Surveyor, San Bernadino – Redlands Vegetation Analysis, California
Professional Registered Land Surveyor Registrations
▪ State of Washington #33146
▪ State of Oregon #2578
▪ State of California #6785
▪ State of Idaho #7321
▪ State of Nevada #20263
Shelby is available to manage and execute survey support tasks in support of this contract, such as
Airborne GPS processing and quality control review of local survey. He is familiar with ASPRS Accuracy
Standards as they apply to this contract and survey related tasks, as well as being familiar with industry
standards, methods, processes, and software applications for survey related work. He utilizes the latest
in GPS equipment and software, with GeoTerra owning and operating Leica GS18i receivers.
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City of Bozeman, Montana
Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
Molly Gerber Jackson, GISP
GIS Manager; GIS Analyst; Certified GIS Professional
Background and General Qualifications
Molly holds a Master of Science in Geological Sciences from the University of Oregon at Eugene. She also
has a Bachelor of Arts in Geology from Whitman College, Walla Walla, Washington. She has been certified by
the GIS Certification Institute as a Geographic Information Systems Professional (GISP).
Molly has over 15 years of technical experience with GeoTerra in GIS, mapping, DTM and feature data
collection for 3D mapping products, and terrain modeling. Molly leads the GeoTerra GIS team, providing a
wide range of technical skills supporting the overall mapping focus of the company. She has production
experience in photogrammetry and orthophoto production, serving as a foundation for her work in GIS. Her
GIS skills encompass database design, advanced cartography, on-line web portals, data creation,
geoprocessing, data conversion, ArcSDE administration, and ArcPublisher.
Molly has a proven mastery in utilizing ArcGIS Advanced (ArcInfo) and related extensions, including 3D
Analyst and Spatial Analyst. Her recent relevant experience includes the conversion of many data sources
into GIS formats and the subsequent mapping of that data for many audiences. Mapping outputs included
paper, digital, and ArcReader documents for use in presentations, planning, public input meetings, and
analysis. She leads a skilled GIS team with experience in generating TINs from DTM mass points and
breaklines to provide terrain analysis, landscape visualization; development of Digital Elevation Models
(DEM) and validating the vertical accuracy of the DEM for conformance to national mapping standards for
spatial data accuracy. In addition to strong technical and managerial skills, Molly has proven to be an effective
communicator in writing technical documents to assist clients in implementing web mapping services and
ArcSDE in citywide projects.
Project Experience
GIS Analyst, Structural Survey of Coastal Jetties; USACE, Portland District Task Order, Oregon
GIS Manager, Federal Aviation Administration eALP AGIS Test Project; Coeur d’Alene, Idaho
GIS Manager, Regional Transportation Authority (SRTA), Redding, California
GIS Manager, City of Lebanon, Oregon
GIS Analyst, San Diego Harbor Research GIS, California
GIS Manager, Seashore Conservation Line Survey, Washington State Parks
GIS Manager, King County Issaquah Creek Flood Study, Washington
GIS Analyst, Idaho Transportation Department – multiple projects (ITD)
GIS Analyst, Omak Airport VGAS analysis (FAA AGIS,) Washington
GIS Analyst, Mansfield Mine LiDAR, USDA Forest Service, Region 3, Arizona
GIS Analyst, City of Grants Pass (Oregon) Impervious Surface Coverage Study
GIS Manager, City of Maple Valley School District Mapping, Washington
GIS Analyst, City of Tahoma School District, Washington
GIS Analyst, U.S. Navy NAVFAC MidLANT Mapping Program, Multiple States
GIS Program Manager, eCityGov Alliance Impervious Surfaces and GIS Related Tasks, Washington
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City of Bozeman, Montana
Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
Matthew D. Morris, PLS, CFedS
Morris Land Surveys, Project Surveyor (Subconsultant)
The following highlights Matt Morris, the project surveyor. We recently worked with Matt on the Shelby
and Havre project areas. He provided timely, accurate control data with excellent communication during
the planning and execution of the work. Working with Matt to review and QC field data will be our Staff
Surveyor, Shelby Griggs.
EDUCATION:
Bachelor of Science in Construction Engineering Technology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana,
December 2003, Business Administration Minor, Licensed Surveyor Intern Candidate
Certified Federal Land Surveyor program offered by the Department of the Interior, 20-week course, February 2010
Principal, Morris Land Surveys, P.L.L.C., Choteau, MT, January 2008-Present
• Organized and developed a successful surveying firm in Choteau, Montana
• Perform all tasks necessary to provide clientele with professional deliverables on a wide range of projects
including:
o Retrace multiple highway right of ways in Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming
o Perform services as an Examining Land Surveyor in multiple counties including Chouteau and
Meagher Counties
o Locate, survey and produce maps for multiple utility lease site locations throughout the State (MT)
o Create Survey Products for a public right-of-way, for multiple Couties (including Madison, Jefferson,
Hill, Broadwater and Lewis and Clark Counties)
o Acquire a Right-of-Way, from the Bureau of Indian Affairs, for a constructed utility line
o ALTA/ACSM surveys
o Boundary re-tracement surveys, exempt transfer parcel surveys and subdivisions
o Aerial survey control points – premarking and surveying
o Bureau of Reclamation Control Survey at an Existing Concrete arch dam
o FEMA Flood Zone Surveys (determine Base Flood Elevation, prepare Elevation Certificates, and
prepare Letter of Map Amendments),
Survey Equipment
Sokkia, Topcon, Nikon, and Leica Total Stations, Construction and Auto Levels, Steel tapes, Theodolite, Trimble 4700,
Trimble Pathfinder, Leica System 500 and 1200
Survey Data Collectors Used: TDS, Sokkia Trimble, and Leica
Surveying Software Used: AutoCAD Land Development Desktop, Carlson SurvCadd, Micro Station, Terramodel,
Eaglepoint, WinnCMM, Trimble Pathfinder Office, Leica Geo Office, TDS Survey Pro, C&G (DOS based drafting), and ZI
Imaging Image Station Digital Mensuration
Other Software Used: Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint and Outlook, Primavera Project Management, and
Scheduling programs, Timberline Estimating software, and MapInfo GIS software, ERSI Arc Map, QuickBooks
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City of Bozeman, Montana
Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
j) Additional Information
Ideas |Options | Key Factors
1. Map Maintenance Program (MMP) as an Option
When administratively possible, we support a multi-year program offering real benefits to cities
similar to Bozeman in size and scope. GeoTerra essentially locks costs at 2023 levels, spreading costs
evenly over a set plan with no interest. The timely update of base map layers like orthophotography
as part of a multi-year program, reduces the one-time bubbled cost of individual projects. As an
example of a program with two new orthophoto iterations and one Lidar over three (3) years:
Fiscal Year Tasks and Deliverables
Year 1 / June 30, 2024 Acquisition of new imagery and Lidar; delivery of the orthophotography
(7/2023 to 6/2024) Map control, basic reports included
Year 2 / August 30, 2024 Feature data and terrain data deliverables (contours, terrain surface)
(7/2024 to 6/2025)
Year 3 / June 30, 2026 New orthophotography; delivery of orthos and supporting products
(7/25 to 6/2026)
If the total cost of the program (2 imagery and 1 Lidar iteration), cost $109,500, the cost would be
spread over 3 fiscal years with no interest and at a set cost established in the first year. The yearly
cost would be about $36,500 per year. The next 3-year iteration may be for 2 imagery updates and
no Lidar, reducing the yearly cost to approximately $23,000 or $69,000 over three (3) years.
There is no multi-year obligation by the City. The City only pays for tasks and iterations approved;
they may back out of the program at any time, paying only for the services and products they have
officially approved. This approach may also reduce the administrative costs assuming you are happy
with the services provided. The yearly cost may also fall under set minimums for contracting, allowing
for simpler approval on a year-to-year basis vs. the bubble effect of a large project every 3 years.
We can review program options and present detailed costs during a contracting process for the
current project.
2. Higher Quality Orthos
With little impact on total cost, we have presented a method for acquisition and orthophotography
to create a more “True Ortho” appearance within the urbanized area. With acquisition, this doubles
the number of photos along the flight line (60% to 80% overlap), while also increasing the sidelap to
60% vs. 30%. This is done by adding a flight line between each standard flight line. The additional
flight lines can be acquired during one imagery mission or lift. With more photos, the overall quality
of the orthophotography goes up as more vertical views reduce image lean in structures and tall
vegetation.
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City of Bozeman, Montana
Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
3. Quality with Good Value
To reduce acquisition cost, our aircraft will mobilize out of Boise, Idaho, the closest mobilization point
for any air assets of this type at 290 miles vs. 340 miles from Salt Lake City, 510 miles from Denver,
and 683 miles from Grand Forks. Our experience and overall efficiency also keep us on par or better
for overall project costs than similar firms of our type. Automation and having high powered
computer systems can also reduce hours – we have invested significantly in this area since many tasks
are very computationally intensive like Lidar classification and orthophoto generation. As a medium-
sized company, we also don’t have a large corporate structure with resulting high overhead costs.
4. Efficient Project Control Plan
Our goal is to use as much existing control as possible while maintaining overall quality. The control
plan is focused on Lidar fit to ground and horizontal alignment of the photogrammetric data set. Good
Lidar helps to control the imagery, thus reducing the overall requirement and keeping costs down.
QC points are used to evaluate fit. If the overall accuracy and fit are good, these points are added
back into the solutions to further refine accuracy. All aerial data sets are collected using high-quality
airborne GPS data collection and processing by a licensed land surveyor or Certified
Photogrammetrist.
5. Online Orthophoto QC Portal
The online orthophoto QC portal is a great tool and really loved by our clients. It gives the City the
ability to review all the orthophotography before actual delivery. Questions are answered, maybe
some small refinements are done, then data set is shipped while also being made available using
online download link.
6. Use of Lidar model key points (MKP)
The quality of this data set has improved dramatically with improvements in processing algorithms.
The processing team can provide custom input depending upon the area and overall traits of the point
cloud. Based upon vertical changes and horizontal settings, the ground classified Lidar points are
reprocessed. The result is a much smaller data set containing only the points which impact the actual
terrain surface – much like a DTM but with greater detail and accuracy. This deliverable is easier to
use for a wider set of interested users. Why have a bunch of redundant points clogging up the
deliverable.
7. Data Security and Long-term Data Storage / Backup
Client data sets are maintained at GeoTerra for a minimum of five (5) years with some maintained
much longer based upon the client and forecasted use. This provides the client with a secure off-
site storage location and an important backup to critical information. All data is owned by the client
and will not be used or provided to 3rd parties without written permission.
8. Communication and Service – A Breed Apart
We hear it from so many clients we have to say something. GeoTerra staff are available on short
notice and respond in a very timely manner to questions, requests, etc. This aligns with prompt
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City of Bozeman, Montana
Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
service and a long-term commitment to support each client whether a project is going on or not.
Once a GT client, always a GT client. Professional, courteous, prompt, and ready to respond.
9. Hydro-Enforcement of the Lidar and Subsequent Analysis
Typically, Lidar is hydro-flattened, and rivers, streams, and creeks can be hydro-enforced for direction
of runoff. A strength within our project team is the ability of Morris Land Surveys to assist with hydro-
enforcement of the terrain data set. We can determine flow direction in the creeks and rivers, even
see most culvert locations, but we can’t truly create a hydro-enforced data set without ground
verification of culvert locations, and ground survey of culvert heights and diameters. Once done, they
have experience with determining runoff direction and water flow, thus supporting a HEC-RAS type
model. A member of the firm, Sandor Hopkins, is a Certified Floodplain Manager, who can assist as
needed. We can discuss this aspect with City of Bozeman staff and temper our approach to their
goals and budget.
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City of Bozeman, Montana
Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
Idea | Cost Proposal - Preliminary
The cost proposal was not requested in the 2023 RFP for Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition. We
have included this information with a password protected Excel file. Please contact us to request the
password when the time is appropriate.
We anticipate the final cost may be adjusted based upon final refinement of the Statement of Work. The
provided cost includes items requested in the RFP with some notes when assumptions had to be made.
Primary deliverables as stated in the RFP are included per the following:
Digital Ortho Imagery at 1” = 100-scale (1:1200), 3”, 0.25’ or 7.5cm pixel resolution, 4-band, delivered
in both compressed and uncompressed formats in two different projections.
• Survey control and quality check shots
• Orthophotography
• Public sidewalks centerline within the City limits (assumed an update to an existing layer)
• Seamless mosaic at 0.5’ (15cm) or 1.0’ (30cm) pixel resolution
• Imagery flown with 80% endlap and 60% sidelap over urban block (city limits) for higher quality
orthophotography
Lidar – Per USGS QL1 Accuracy, and Density Specifications (8ppsm)
• We have assumed the data set is not being submitted to USGS. If it did, additional deliverables related
to USGS 3DEP standards would be required. This is probably not needed or desired by the City.
• We have included the survey of 20 quality control points per USGS 3DEP standards.
• Hydrography |Hydro-flattening and hydro-enforcement of rivers, streams, and creeks is included. We
have not included the ground surveying associated with developing this terrain surface into a HEC-
RAS type flow model with measured culvert sizes and heights.
• Building footprints – we have assumed these are updated using photogrammetric methods, extruded
with height. Performing this task using the Lidar will not have the accuracy and quality as a
photogrammetric update methodology.
• Digital Terrain Model and DEM with Hillshade views are included – recommend ArcGIS format
• Breaklines / Point Cloud and ground surface Model Key Points have been included in the cost
estimate.
• Contours at 1-foot interval, logical contour line for metric delivery is 0.25m or 0.5m.
Project Reports and Metadata – included
External hard drive for delivery - included
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City of Bozeman, Montana
Digital Ortho Imagery and Lidar Acquisition
k) Affirmation of Nondiscrimination & Equal Pay (per attachment A of the RFP)
Nondiscrimination and Equal Pay Affirmation
GeoTerra, Inc., Inc. hereby affirms it will not discriminate on the basis of race, color, religion, creed, sex, age, marital
status, national origin, or because of actual or perceived sexual orientation, gender identity or disability and
acknowledges and understands the eventual contract will contain a provision prohibiting discrimination as
described above and this prohibition on discrimination shall apply to the hiring and treatments or proposer’s
employees and to all subcontracts.
In addition, GeoTerra, Inc. hereby affirms it will abide by the Equal Pay Act of 1963 and Section 39-3-104, MCA (the
Montana Equal Pay Act), and has visited the State of Montana Equal Pay for Equal Work “best practices” website,
https://equalpay.mt.gov/BestPractices/Employers, or equivalent “best practices publication and has read the
material.
Bret Hazell, President
GeoTerra, Inc.