HomeMy WebLinkAboutFugro Proposal for City of Bozeman Montana
Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Proposal |
246058 01 | November 30, 2023
City of Bozeman, Montana
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Document Control
Document Information
Project Title Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Document Title Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Fugro Document No. 246058
Issue Number 01
Issue Status Final
Fugro Legal Entity Fugro USA Land, Inc.
Issuing Office Address 4350 Airport Road, Rapid City, SD 57703
Client Information
Client City of Bozeman, Montana
Client Address 121 N Rouse Ave. Bozeman, MT 59715
Client Contact Mike Maas, City Clerk
Revision History
Issue Date Status Comments on Content Prepared
By
Checked
By
Approved
By
01 11/27/23 Draft HL BB DH
02 11/30/23 Final HL BB DH
Project Team
Initials Name Role
DH David Holm Technical and Business Development Manager r
KO Keith Owens Commercial Director
BB Breanna Brown Proposal Manager
HL Heassam Lavassani Proposal Coordinator
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page ii of vii
Executive Summary
Our purpose is to offer the City of Bozeman accurate and reliable Geo-data to
serve the City’s planning needs by providing high resolution aerial imagery,
planimetric mapping and lidar data as part of the 2024 program.
Our extensive experience working with high density lidar and ortho jobs allows us to deliver key solutions
to the City’s GIS managers and its citizens for them to make informed decisions at the ground level. Our
goal on this program is to deploy Fugro’s innovative and proven Geo-data solutions to deliver best in
class geospatial products.
We recognize coordinating Geo-data programs supporting multiple stakeholders within the City can
present unique challenges. Anticipating these challenges in advance means bolstering the confidence of
local stakeholders and avoids rework or dispute down the road. We offer a well-coordinated and proven
program that will ensure a quality product is always generated while adhering to accuracy standards,
delivery specifications, schedule, and budget.
To best align our capabilities with the City’s geospatial information requirements, Fugro is proposing to:
Acquire and process the following:
o 3-inch (4-band) Orthoimagery
o QL1 lidar and 1’ contours
o Provide planimetric mapping including:
Public sidewalk centerlines
Building footprints with maximum height above ground as an attribute
Utilizing proven team (KLJ) with local knowledge for all required survey control and QA/QC
Dedicate appropriate aircrafts fitted with the latest imagery and lidar sensors during Spring 2024
flight season
Utilize advancements in orthoimagery and lidar processing techniques to ensure an accurate and
quality data product
Continue engaging with City of Bozeman to ensure they receive the highest return on investment
from the collected data by educating users on products and services that increase the base
product value
Fugro’s extensive experience with high resolution orthoimagery and lidar programs have resulted in client
cost savings due to reduced product rework, thus reducing 3rd party QA/QC costs and improving GIS
project schedules through on-time delivery. City stakeholders easily stay connected to the program by
accessing daily status reports, creating progress reports, and visualizing the preliminary and final product
via our on-line QAQC platform, Fugro Access.
Our confidence in providing quality Geo-data products stems from our experience of successfully
collecting and processing similar size programs over the past 20 years. We look forward to working with
you on this project.
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page iii of vii
Contents
1. Firm Profile 1
1.1 Firm Profile 1
1.2 Subconsultant Profile - KLJ 1
1.2.1 City of Fargo, North Dakota 2
1.2.2 City of Grand Forks, North Dakota 2
1.2.3 Cass County, North Dakota 2
2. Description of Proposed Solution 2
2.1 Project Assumptions 2
2.2 Ground Control Survey 2
2.3 Ground Control Planning 3
2.4 Ground Control Collection 3
2.5 Aerial Data Acquisition 4
2.6 Imagery Preparation and Calibration 4
2.7 Planning Statistics 5
2.8 Riegl VQ-1560 II-S 7
2.9 Fixed Wing Aerial Data Collection 8
2.9.1 Mobilization 8
2.9.2 Communication 8
2.9.3 Weather Monitoring 8
2.9.4 Daily Collection Activities 9
2.9.5 Aerial Data QC and Re-flights 10
2.10 Project Tracking and Quality Control – Fugro Access 10
2.10.1 Fugro Access Features and Benefits 11
2.11 Orthoimagery Processing 12
2.11.1 Orthoimagery Production Methodology 12
2.11.2 Radiometric Processing 13
2.11.3 GPS/INS Post Processing 13
2.11.4 Orthorectification 13
2.11.5 Orthoimagery Generation 14
2.11.6 Orthoimagery Dodging 14
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page iv of vii
2.11.7 Radiometric Correction 14
2.11.8 Seamline Generation 15
2.11.9 Final Radiometric Correction 15
2.11.10 Orthoimagery Tile Creation 15
2.12 Lidar Processing 16
2.12.1 Raw Data Processing 16
2.12.2 GPS Accuracy 16
2.12.3 Boresight 17
3. Scope of Project 19
3.1 Project Understanding 19
3.2 Project Schedule and Communication Plan 19
3.2.1 Reporting and Expectations 20
3.2.2 Schedule and Delivery Dates 20
3.2.3 Project Schedule 21
4. Related Experience 21
4.1 Project Experience 21
5. Statement of Qualifications 23
5.1 Fugro Corporate Information 23
5.1.1 Office Locations 24
5.1.2 Commitment to Innovation 24
5.1.3 Fugro Geo-Data Production Facilities 27
5.2 Photogrammetric Production Operations 27
5.3 Health and Safety 27
5.4 IT Policy 28
6. References 29
6.1 Client References 29
7. Present and Projected Workloads 29
7.1 Resource Planning 29
7.2 Equipment Resources 30
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page v of vii
7.2.1 Aircraft 30
7.2.2 Aerial Data Acquisition Systems 30
7.2.3 Airborne GPS & IMU Systems 31
7.2.4 Imagery Processing Software/Hardware 31
8. Key Personnel 33
8.1 Key Personnel Capacity and Experience 33
8.1.1 Personnel Capacity 33
8.1.2 Professional Certifications 34
8.2 Key Personnel 34
9. Additional Information 60
9.1 Lidar Value Add Products 60
9.1.1 Improved Classifications 60
9.1.2 Building Classification 60
9.1.3 Building Footprints 60
9.1.4 Building Flattened DEM 61
9.1.5 Lidar-derived 3D Building Models 61
9.1.6 Highest Adjacent Grade Lowest Adjacent Grade 61
9.1.7 Lidar-derived 1-foot Contours 61
9.1.8 Input Criteria Review 62
9.1.9 Preparation of Lidar and Breakline Data for Contour Generation 62
9.1.10 Enhanced Hydro-breakline Collection 62
9.1.11 Pavement Breaklines 63
9.1.12 Contour Key Point Generation 63
9.1.13 Contour Generation 64
9.1.14 Contour Finishing and QC 64
9.1.15 Optional Vegetation Canopy Height and Density Raster 64
9.1.16 Optional Slope Raster and Vector Data 64
10. Affirmation of Nondiscrimination & Equal Pay 66
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page vi of vii
Figures and Tables in the Main Text
Project Planning Requirements 5
Project Planning Statistics 5
Riegl VQ-1560 II-S Scan Pattern 7
Lidar System Specifications 7
Fugro Pilot and Aircraft Acquiring Geo-data 10
Fugro Access Features and Benefits 11
Project Schedule 21
Project Experience 22
Fugro USA Land, Inc. 23
Company Overview 23
Fugro Office Locations 24
Fugro Production Centers 27
Client References 29
Fugro Cessna Conquest II 30
Fugro Mapping Aircraft 30
Airborne Imagery Acquisition Systems 31
Airborne Lidar Sensors 31
GPS / IMU Systems 31
Imagery Processing Software 32
Production Resource Capacity 33
Technical and Administrative Personnel Capacity 33
Professional Certifications 34
Staff Qualifications and Experience 34
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page vii of vii
Abbreviations
AGL Above Ground Level
AOI Area of Interest
ASPRS American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
AT Aerotriangulation
CAD Computer-aided Design
DEM Digital Elevation Model
DSM Digital Surface Model
DTM Digital Terrain Model
FAA Federal Aviation Administration
FCMS Flight Control Management System
FUSALI Fugro USA Land, Inc.
GPS Global Positioning System
GSD Ground Sample Distance
ICT Information and Communication Technology
IDIQ Indefinite Delivery Indefinite Quantity
IMU Inertial Measurement Unit
ISO International Organization for Standardization
JPEG (JPG) Joint Photographic Experts Group
MrSID Multiresolution Seamless Image Database (by Lizardtech)
MSSP Managed Security Service Provider
NAD North American Datum
NAVD North American Vertical Datum
NMAS National Map Accuracy Standards
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
OHSAS Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series
OPCO Operating Company
Pan RGB IR NIR Pan Chromatic, Red, Green, Blue, Infrared or Near Infrared
PDOP Position (3D) Dilution of Precision
POS Applanix Positional Operating System
PSC Project Staging and Controls
QA QC Quality Assurance Quality Control
QHSSE Quality, Health, Safety, Security, Environment
QMS Quality Management System
RMSE Root Mean Square Error
RSO Regional Security Officer
Geo TIFF Georeferenced Information Embedded within a Tag Image File Format
USACE United States Army Corps of Engineers
USGS United States Geological Survey
UTC Coordinated Universal Time
WGS World Geodetic System
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 1 of 66
1. Firm Profile
1.1 Firm Profile
Legal Name Fugro USA Land, Inc.
Address 4350 Airport Road, Rapid City, SD 57703
Telephone Number 605 343 0280
Website https://www.fugro.com/
Email Address d.holm@fugro.com
Fugro is the world’s leading Geo-data specialist, collecting and analyzing comprehensive
information about the Earth and the structures built upon it. Through integrated data
acquisition, analysis, and advice, we unlock insights from Geo-data to help our clients design,
build and operate their assets in a safe, sustainable, and efficient manner. Working around the
globe, we employ approximately 9,500 employees in 61 countries. By deploying our fleet of
specialized assets and cutting-edge digital solutions we provide a vital contribution to building a
safe and livable world.
We deliver critical information to facilitate the safe, cost effective and sustainable design and
construction of buildings and infrastructure along with the precise location and condition of
assets as they are built and operated, to optimize asset reliability, utilization, and longevity. As
the global leader in site characterization and asset integrity, we offer integrated services
anywhere in the world. Delivering complex, high-profile projects, we have leadership positions in
key market segments in many countries and regions.
1.2 Subconsultant Profile - KLJ
Legal Name KLJ Engineering, LLC.
Address 985 TECHNOLOGY BLVD, STE 201, Bozeman, MT 59718-4015
Telephone Number 701-775-1109
Website https://www.kljeng.com/
Email Address jarrett.leas@kljeng.com
KLJ is an engineering firm that plans, designs, and supports infrastructure across the country
such as roads, runways, pipelines, and parks. Their team of experienced surveyors will perform a
design survey, incorporating ground level topography and documentation of existing
improvements to begin the project. KLJ gathers information on existing site conditions around
the proposed project utilizing GIS survey and drone software, as well as incorporating land,
hydrographic, and geophysical surveys.
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 2 of 66
Fugro and KLJ have recently partnered together on the following projects:
1.2.1 City of Fargo, North Dakota
In the spring of 2023, Fargo in conjunction with the State of North Dakota and Corps of
Engineers contracted with Fugro to fly the City and surrounding area for digital
orthophotography, lidar/contours, planimetrics, and impervious surfaces. KLJ provided the
ground control services for the contract.
1.2.2 City of Grand Forks, North Dakota
Fugro provided 4 band orthoimagery services for Grand Forks - East Grand Forks MPO, including
3" imagery for the entire MPO. KLJ provided the land survey for an accurate ground control
solution.
1.2.3 Cass County, North Dakota
Fugro provided 6" color ortho-rectified county-wide imagery for Cass County, including mrSID
mosaic compressions (both sections based and county-wide), DEM used to rectify imagery, and
FGDC compliant metadata. KLJ provided the ground control services for the contract.
2. Description of Proposed Solution
Fugro has reviewed the City's project specifications and designed a project approach to utilize
the City's existing and newly acquired ground control, buildings and sidewalks in conjunction
with newly acquired imagery and lidar data to develop the project deliverables.
2.1 Project Assumptions
City of Bozeman will provide the following to Fugro:
Existing buildings
Existing sidewalks
Existing ground control
Fugro will follow current USGS standards rather than RFP specifications in the
following areas:
Data voids
Overlapping data
Hydro collection
2.2 Ground Control Survey
Fugro will carefully review and finalize flight plans with ground control layouts and production
blocks to verify the approach is the most efficient and accurate way to produce authoritative
Geo-data. Quality control checks (performed by our resident PhD and Photogrammetrist) will
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 3 of 66
include a review of the ground control layout in relation to flight lines, production blocks and
product accuracies. The final approved ground control point locations will be sent to the Fugro
survey crew accompanied by the requested ground control accuracies to begin ground control
collection.
2.3 Ground Control Planning
Initial field reconnaissance will identify candidate horizontal and vertical control monuments that
exist within the project site to determine if they are suitable for use.
This field reconnaissance will be used to determine new accessible GPS visible monument
locations. Should additional ground control be required, the surveying team will select locations
for control points using the approved control layout design. A standard photo control recovery
form will be prepared for each new control point established to aid in future identification
(digital photograph will be taken of each control point). This information will be used to assist in
populating the standard survey monument recovery sheet for each permanent monument in the
network. Survey crews will use a uniform procedure to document new control, which will
facilitate record keeping and metadata preparation.
2.4 Ground Control Collection
Prior to the mobilization of aircraft, the survey project manager will coordinate the targeting and
acquisition of all positions required. For targets selected on hard surfaces, the preference is to
use permanent photo identifiable locations or to paint the target as this provides the most
permanence and is most likely to be highly visible during the flight.
Targets are established with a PK Nail or rebar and in the form of a +, T or Y. Panels to support
imagery production will be set with panel legs to the appropriate size for the requested pixel
resolution (or GSD); panel locations will be periodically inspected and repaired. Once aerial
photography is complete and approved, crews will be dispatched to remove any temporary
targets in a timely manner.
Once the monumentation and control identification process is complete, GPS vector
measurements will begin. Mission planning for each day’s observation schedule is coordinated
by the survey project manager. This planning includes scheduled observation time and duration
and required travel time buffers for the GPS survey crew. When variable height tripods are used,
survey crews record a minimum of two antenna height offsets for each observation to verify the
vertical positions of each monument surveyed. Redundant observations are also included in the
network configuration to provide a robust network adjustment.
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 4 of 66
2.5 Aerial Data Acquisition
Following the receipt of the flight authorization and the successive establishment of active GPS
base stations, we will conduct aerial imagery acquisition controlled by airborne GPS and IMU and
supported by the network of surveyed ground control.
After each day’s flight, the camera operator performs a visual inspection of the raw digital
imagery to check compliance with acceptance criteria (cloud cover, smoke/haze, turbulence,
image anomalies, gaps/coverage, etc.). All raw data acquired is shipped overnight to Fugro’s
production center for detailed review and acceptance. Following the completion and quality
check of all imagery, processing will commence.
2.6 Imagery Preparation and Calibration
Once the data has been collected and accepted in the field, it is transferred to Fugro’s
production center for processing.
It is crucial that all visible surfaces of the intended object or scene are photographed from
multiple overlapping viewpoints. In most projects with good quality input, the resolution of the
3D model has been found to be approximately 1-2 times the ground sample distance of the
source imagery.
Imagery preparation and calibration involves four steps:
Step 1 To achieve optimal results, the number of unknowns need to be limited. Camera
calibration reports, GPS and IMU data, precise measurements of the sensor system and its
component parts, as well as high quality ground control points are required to ensure accuracy
and quality. This data forms the input necessary to adjust the project area and serves as a check
for both completeness and consistency.
Step 2 Once the inputs are confirmed the photo centers are then visualized against the input
block. The overall geometry of the block is then computed by automatically generating tie points
between frames to determine the position and orientation of one camera relative to the other, a
process often referred to as relative orientation. GCPs are also manually measured on the
imagery during this stage to examine the block's accuracy and scale. This results in a much
higher fidelity trajectory, one with which images can be geo-referenced within about one pixel.
Step 3 The measurements obtained are used in the final step of the aerotriangulation - the
bundle block adjustment, an iterative process that increases the accuracy of the block, gathering
the light rays between the camera and images in the most ideal manner.
Step 4 The results of the adjustment are further verified through the development of rectified
image samples. These images are inspected by the photogrammetric technician to identify any
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 5 of 66
gross errors in the adjustment, as well as the identification of any voids or image quality
problems.
2.7 Planning Statistics
Project Planning Requirements
Camera Type: Riegl VQ-1560 II-S
Acquisition Timeframe: April 2024
Sun Angle: >40°
Tilt: >4°
Forward Overlap: 55% at least
Side lap: >20% average
Flight Altitude: 2650'
Airborne GPS: Yes
Projection: UTM Zone 12 NAD83 (2011) meters, NAVD88 meters
Montana State Plane NAD83 (2011) meters, NAVD88 meters
Images 1425
Speed 131 knots
Ground Control
12 Calibration/AT points
25 checkpoints broken out as:
20 NVA (with targets to check imagery accuracy as well)
5 VVA (1 Forested VVA, 4 Non-Forested VVA)
Project Planning Statistics
Area Area Size
Sq. Mi.
Image
Resolution
Flying
Altitude AGL
Flight
Lines
Lines
Miles
Ground Control
Bozeman, MT 78.7 3" Orthos and
8 ppsm lidar 2650' 39 278.6 12 Calibration/AT points
25 Checkpoints
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 6 of 66
2.7.1.1 Flight Planning Map
Project Plan Layout
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 7 of 66
2.8 Riegl VQ-1560 II-S
The VQ-1560 II-S follows the successful concept of RIEGL’s proven dual channel laser scanner
series. With increased laser power the operational altitudes are extended up to 1700m AGL at a
pulse repetition rate of 4MHz, or up to 3900m AGL at a pulse repetition rate of 540kHz (all
values given for 20% target reflectance). These improved maximum ranges allow an increase of
the system’s productivity by about 25% for a very attractive point density range. Laser pulse
repetition rates can be fine-tuned in 12kHz steps, enabling subtle optimization of acquisition
parameters in order to meet specific project requirements.
Its unique "cross-fire" scan pattern and its wide operational range make the instrument one of
the most versatile airborne laser scanner on the market today. It is perfectly suited for any kind
of application – from ultra-dense corridor mapping from low altitudes, over high resolution city
mapping with minimum shadowing effects in narrow street canyons, to large-scale wide area
mapping at utmost efficiency of up to 1130km² per hour at a density of 4 points per square
meter.
The system is equipped with a seamlessly integrated high performance IMU/GNSS unit and a
150 megapixel RGB camera integrated in the primary camera bay.
Riegl VQ-1560 II-S Scan Pattern
Lidar System Specifications
Component Technical Specification Examples
Average Point Density 2ppsm 8ppsm 20ppsm 60ppsm
Flight Altitude 8,100ft 5,820ft 3,990ft 2,490ft
Ground Speed 300kn 300kn 190kn 101kn
Swath Width 3010m 1990m 1360m 850m
Productivity 1338km2/h 883km2/h 384km2/h 128km2/h
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 8 of 66
Measurement Rate 929 000
meas./sec
2.45mill
meas./sec
2.66mil
meas./sec
2.66mil
meas./sec
150mp RGB 50mm FL Camera
GSD 201mm 133mm 91mm 57mm
Camera Trigger Interval 5.6sec 3.7sec 4.0sec 4.7sec
Minimum Range 100m
Accuracy/Precision 20mm/20mm
Laser Pulse Repetition Rate 2 x 170kHz up to 2 x 2000kHz, selectable in steps of less than 1%
Effective Measurement Rate Up to 2 x 1.33MHz @ 60° scan angle
Lazer Wavelength Near infrared
Laser Beam Divergence Typ. 0.17 mrad @ 1/e, typ 0.23 mrad @ 1/e2
Scanning mechanism Rotating polygon mirror 60° scan angle range
2.9 Fixed Wing Aerial Data Collection
2.9.1 Mobilization
Fugro’s project manager, project planners, aviation supervisors, and technical staff will conduct
an internal project evaluation to review the details of the project prior to mobilizing crews to the
project site. This final quality control check compares the results of the kick-off meeting with
Fugro’s project design (flight plans, project boundaries, tile layouts, etc.). Once complete, the
finalized project plans are distributed to the appropriate departments, and mobilization of
aircraft, sensor(s), and flight crew(s) is scheduled.
2.9.2 Communication
Communication is vital when organizing and executing flight operations between the production
offices, flight department and local airspace owners. This includes up-front details on project
specifications, flight statistics, schedule, and deliverables.
The flight operations department organizes detailed flight maps overlaid on airspace charts to
be used for daily communication with air traffic control, Military Operations Areas (MOA),
restricted airspaces and local airports. Prior to the data acquisition, the pilot in command sends
each airspace owner a flight chart with flight lines (and line numbers) displayed to communicate
the crew’s objectives for the day.
2.9.3 Weather Monitoring
Daily flight operation components include accurate weather predictions, proper communication,
data collection efforts, project tracking, and quality control measures. Weather predictions and
monitoring are conducted hourly by Fugro’s aviation staff (pilots, sensor operators, managers,
etc.) utilizing FAA weather sources (WSI PilotBrief Optima) for detailed analysis of weather
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 9 of 66
patterns and the impact on each project. The weather analysis includes a review of the local
monitoring stations, radar, visible satellite (for cloud cover), temperature, barometric pressure,
winds aloft (wind speed and direction at flight altitude), and forecasts. Additional checks on
multiple weather monitoring programs (NOAA, Weather Underground, Weather.com etc.)
provide redundancy on predictions and forecasts which help attain the highest level of successful
data capture.
2.9.4 Daily Collection Activities
Data collection activities consist of safety inspections of the aircraft, operational inspections of
the sensors and the ability for the crew to successfully capture the data to the project
specifications when weather and airspace present the opportunity. Below is an acquisition
scenario for airborne data collection:
Inspect storage and system components to ensure all units are operational and have
enough storage space.
Select and confirm the lever arm coordinates.
Load navigation system and perform system check.
Perform 5-minute static alignment and record PDOP, GPS, and UTC start time.
Ensure IMU is operational.
Ensure all channels are operational, as applicable.
Observe in flight video display, POS status, and mass memory screens.
Begin flight line data recording: UTC start/stop times, GPS data, ground speed, altitude,
concerns, lines, waypoints and times on flight log.
Perform a 5-minute static alignment after the flight mission is complete, followed by a
systematic shutdown of the system.
Download data for in-field QC.
Arrange delivery of data and email flight log to team; perform data backup.
At the end of each day’s data collection, the sensor operator forwards the completed flight logs
to the Aviation and Project Manager to update Fugro’s Project Tracking system (Fugro Access).
Fugro Access is available for all project participants, providing up-to-date project information,
flight line status and acceptance.
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 10 of 66
Fugro Pilot and Aircraft Acquiring Geo-data
Digital Geo-data from each sortie will be downloaded at our on-site base of operations and
reviewed to verify data quality and complete project area coverage. Airborne GPS and IMU data
will be field processed within 48 hours of acquisition to ensure that the GPS satellite geometry
and IMU data will support the mapping accuracy requirements.
2.9.5 Aerial Data QC and Re-flights
Quality control measures are performed before the flight/acquisition crew(s) leaves the project
area. Airborne GPS and IMU data are field processed to ensure that GPS satellite geometry and
IMU data will support the accuracy requirements. If any coverage or quality issues are identified,
re-flights are called for immediately.
Upon confirmation that full coverage of the project area has been acquired and QC'd, the data is
transferred to one or more of Fugro's production facilities for processing.
2.10 Project Tracking and Quality Control – Fugro Access
Fugro Access is a robust web application that provides both online project tracking and QC
review tools.
The project tracking capabilities of Fugro Access make project-relevant milestones easily
accessible to all project partners and is an excellent supplement to standard communication.
Each day Fugro Access is updated with project-specific flight line and production status
information for immediate review by project participants.
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 11 of 66
Because there are typically multiple partners commissioning mapping projects, Fugro Access will
be an invaluable tool to streamline and expedite the data review process. Fugro Access will allow
the users to review aerial imagery, orthoimagery and project-relevant shapefiles (boundaries,
tiles, flight lines, seam lines, etc.) in a standard web browser. Fugro will issue the lead Project
Manager a secure login and password with permissions to issue other participants login and
passwords as necessary.
For more information on Fugro Access, please visit:
https://globe.fugro.com/documents/documents/Fugro_Access_user_manual.pdf
Fugro Access Project Tracking
2.10.1 Fugro Access Features and Benefits
Fugro Access Features and Benefits
Feature Benefit
Secure user access
The Project Managers assigned to the project can manage, create, edit, and delete users
to the project. Each user manages their username, contact information and password for
secure login and project access.
Edit User roles Editing user roles minimizes disputes and streamlines QC operations by providing each
user a unique, identified role based on their project participation.
Easy access on internet browser
Increase QC editing schedules by accessing the data on common web browsers, without
the need to downloading and installing software. Browsers include Internet Explorer,
Chrome, Firefox, Edge, and Safari.
QC team management Improve project schedules by managing team status and assigning resources for data
review within the online interface.
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 12 of 66
Transparent communication with
the entire team All users have access to the data calls, reviews, updates, and fixes.
Fugro Access manual for training
and operational referencing
Fugro Access manual is available on-line for users to reference QC interface functionality
and accessibility. This streamlines the team interaction by providing direct access to
common user questions and answers.
QC team organization and status
reporting
Increase participant buy-in by providing up-to-date information on team user roles and
project status reports.
Access to GIS data Verify data against existing GIS layers for confirmation of data geo location accuracy and
quality.
Toggle open street map Improve situational awareness for each user by accessing open street map data for
identifying current location during data QC.
Zoom to map resolution Reduce improper data calls by performing QC at map resolution. This minimizes data calls
created from zoom levels that extend beyond the image resolution.
Toggle QC mode Reduce improper data calls by toggling QC mode.
Toggle navigation controls Navigation controls provides users with an organized panning and zooming method for
keep organized while panning through the data.
2.11 Orthoimagery Processing
Data received from the aircrew initiate a number of data production processes. Firstly, the flight
data recorded is converted from raw format to tiff format using PhaseOne Capture One
program. The tiff files are then reviewed for project coverage, quality, and localized conditions
(water levels or cloud cover).
2.11.1 Orthoimagery Production Methodology
A complete differential rectification will be carried out using a cubic convolution algorithm that
removes image displacement due to topographic relief, rotational elements of the aircraft at the
moment of exposure, and radial lens distortion within the camera. The methodology adopted by
Fugro for orthorectification is based around the Inpho OrthoBox software suite. OrthoBox
consists of OrthoMaster and OrthoVista.
OrthoMaster is a software solution for rigorous differential orthorectification of digital imagery. It
offers high degree of processing automation and is optimized for high performance orthophoto
production. OrthoMaster generates high quality orthophotos, i.e. digital images with constant
scale, using digital aerial imagery, their exterior orientations and DTMs as the source data.
OrthoVista is radiometric adjustment/enhancement software which can automatically
compensate for a wide range of image intensity and color variations originating from the
imaging process. OrthoVista computes radiometric adjustments that compensate for visual
effects within individual images, such as hot spots, lens vignetting and color variations.
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 13 of 66
2.11.2 Radiometric Processing
Radiometric processing compensates for the effects of temperature, aperture, and other
radiometric factors. A set of intermediate images are generated from radiometric processing and
are written to the intermediate RAID storage on the central server. All intermediate images will
be deleted upon completion of geometric processing.
Before notifying the orthophoto production team that the images are available a visual QC pass
is performed on the processed images to ensure the expected quality and appearance has been
achieved. The contrast of the images will be checked to ensure that details are present in both
the dark areas (shadow) and light parts of the image and that the images show no flare and
retain their original sharpness.
2.11.3 GPS/INS Post Processing
In parallel to the image post-processing the acquired GPS/INS is post-processed. The GPS data
from the aircraft along with the data from the local base station(s) are processed using POSProc
software. The trajectories are processed in forward and reverse, in kinematic mode to maximize
accuracy and identify any potential problems. Built into the GPS processing is a series of QC
processes that check a range of parameters and results, quality factors for the processing,
estimated standard deviations, and separation of combined solutions to name a few. Once an
acceptable result has been achieved, normally after a number of iterations, the aircraft trajectory
is further processed in the Applanix POSProc software for the computation of the combined
GPS/IMU data. The result of this processing is a set of exterior orientation parameters for each
aerial photograph describing the photo’s spatial position and its attitude. This data is used
during the orthophoto production stage.
2.11.4 Orthorectification
Orthorectification is the process of removing the effects of image perspective and relief
displacement from an image. Orthophotographs have the positive attributes of a photograph
such as detail and timely coverage, and the positive attributes of a map including uniform scale
and true geometry. The resulting accuracies of the ortho images are based on the accuracy of
the GPS/IMU data, the resolution of the source image, the accuracy of the DTM and modelling of
sensor geometry.
The orthorectification of the aerial photography will require a number of source materials
consisting of post processed pan-sharpened RGB aerial images, camera calibration information
for each unique camera used in the project, a set of exterior orientation parameters and the
DTM.
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 14 of 66
2.11.5 Orthoimagery Generation
A project is set up within the Inpho Application Master interface and the ISAT aerial triangulation
project is imported.
OrthoMaster is initiated and the DTM derived from the lidar point cloud is imported.
In order to delineate the project boundary, an area line will be imported and the affected
orthophotos will be written-out to this line. On completion of the rectification process a visual
inspection of the imagery will be undertaken to check for observable distortions or other
anomalies. The geometric accuracy of the imagery will be reviewed using ground control and
measured detail check points which are imported for checking the projection of a point and its
true position. A visual inspection will also be undertaken at joins between adjacent rectified
images within and between flight lines.
The output parameters are set i.e. Ground Sample Distance (GSD), file format, compression etc.
and the individual orthophotos are generated.
2.11.6 Orthoimagery Dodging
Dodging is a technique employed to correct tonal imbalances across a tiled image file caused by
uneven lighting conditions and by the position of the camera/sensor with respect to the sun.
This can be carried out if necessary within OrthoVista as part of the radiometric process. The
OrthoVista software is non-destructive as only metadata is created. The dodge utility attempts to
overcome the tonal imbalances by generating an array of discrete correction values across an
image that will darken bright areas of the image and lighten dark areas, shifting the entire image
toward a user-specified tonal center.
2.11.7 Radiometric Correction
OrthoVista is a radiometric software product that improves the quality, utility and value of ortho-
rectified, digital image mosaics by performing a series of radiometric adjustments designed to
match color and intensity across component images and producing seamless image mosaics.
OrthoVista removes solar reflection “hot spots” and improves visual uniformity of most
orthophotos by automatically balancing the intensity and color variation across each frame. The
software compensates for various illumination effects by matching the color and intensity of
adjacent input images in order to provide smooth and consistent radiometric image properties
across all images. In order to check the quality and accuracy of radiometric correction,
histograms of the orthophotos will be examined to ensure that they conform to the
requirements of the technical specifications.
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 15 of 66
2.11.8 Seamline Generation
In order to avoid displacement problems and to provide a homogenous dataset, seam-lines will
be placed such that each pixel of the orthophoto will be taken from the photograph whose nadir
position is the closest to the pixel. To achieve this, seam-lines will be generated automatically to
find their best geometric position before being edited manually reviewed.
2.11.8.1 Seamline Editing
In order of priority, the seam-lines will be edited to preserve:
The geometric continuity and integrity of the road networks and of the buildings and
landscape objects.
Buildings and other elements that are not on the surface level remain in the central
projection.
“Hot spots” in urban zones
Clouds and cloud shadows
Specular mirroring on water
Blurred areas along the mosaic line
The Seam Editor is an add-on to OrthoVista, which enables either the manual creation of seam
polygons or the interactive modification of automatically generated seam-lines. Fugro will use
this tool to check and modify the generated seam-lines, making corrections were applicable. As
the seam-lines are modified interactively the effect of the edit are displayed on screen
immediately. This is particularly effective in modifying seam-lines in urban areas. It is also
possible to extract individual areas of a single orthophoto and insert them into the mosaic e.g.
buildings that extend the overlap area can be extracted and then be included in the final mosaic.
2.11.9 Final Radiometric Correction
The radiometric editor allows for the interactive adjustment of individual frames, strips or areas
of imagery. During normal processing, OrthoVista matches the colors, contrast and intensity
from one image to the next throughout the processing areas. If the input images are fairly
uniform in color, contrast or intensity, it is not always necessary to use the Radiometric Editor.
However, if some images were flown at different dates or the sensor settings varied for different
images (or groups of images), the Radiometric Editor can be used to make corrections to
individual images, strips or blocks of selected images.
2.11.10 Orthoimagery Tile Creation
The seamless Orthophoto image database will be organized as tiles in an agreed upon size. The
tiles will be supplied in uncompressed Tiff format with appropriate naming convention, each
ortho tile will have an associated Tiff world file and associated metadata.
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 16 of 66
Each stage will be documented by the operator and signed off by the senior person responsible
with any findings or issues highlighted. Fugro therefore create a wholly transparent “data trail”
where the quality aspect of the project and each component part can be monitored, traced and
assessed for compliance to our guidelines.
2.12 Lidar Processing
Data processing includes the following process for generating the final deliverables:
Raw data processing and boresight
Pre-processing and Classification
Post-processing
Product development
Quality control steps are incorporated throughout each step and are described in the following
sections.
2.12.1 Raw Data Processing
The technician will first process the raw lidar data to LAS format flight lines with full resolution
output before performing QC. A starting configuration file is used in this process, which contains
the latest calibration parameters for the sensor. The technician will also generate flight line
trajectory files for each of the flight lines during this process. The technician will conduct the
following checks of the lidar data:
Trajectory files will be reviewed to ensure completeness of acquisition for project flight
lines, calibration lines, and cross flight lines.
Intensity images will be generated for the entire lift at 1 meter nominal point spacing,
visually inspected against the project boundary to ensure full coverage, and have the
histogram analyzed to verify the quality of the intensity values.
Data will be reviewed for gaps in project area.
Sample TIN(s) will be generated to ensure no anomalies appear in the data.
Achieved post spacing will be evaluated against the project-proposed post spacing.
Turbulence is inspected and if quality is impacted the flight line will be rejected and re-
flown.
Failure of any of these checks will result in corrective actions or re-flights. Once all checks have
been passed, the lidar data is considered ready for boresight calibration and production.
2.12.2 GPS Accuracy
The absolute and relative accuracy of the data, both horizontal and vertical, and relative to
known control, will be verified prior to classification and subsequent product development.
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 17 of 66
Accuracies will be reported to meet the accuracy requirements required by the client. Lidar data
will only be acquired when GPS PDOP is less than 4 and at least 6 satellites are in view.
2.12.3 Boresight
The lidar calibration and boresight process is fundamental to achieving the required high accuracy
of the lidar data. Lidar system calibration identifies a set of calibration parameters that corrects for
misalignment between the lidar flight lines, as well as correctly positions them in the absolute
sense so that the flight lines can be seamlessly brought together and vertically matched to the
ground control points. The sensors are carefully calibrated following the manufacturer’s guidelines
and the results are validated prior to data acquisition.
Raw data processing is the reduction of raw lidar, IMU, and GPS data into XYZ points. This is a
hardware-specific, vendor-proprietary process. The raw lidar data processing algorithms use the
sensor’s complex set of electronic timing signals to compute ranges or distances to a reflective
surface. The ranges must be combined with positional information from the GPS/IMU system to
orient those ranges in 3D space and to produce XYZ points. As with any such electronic
measuring system, systematic errors can be introduced from a variety of internal and external
sources – instrument timing errors, effects of the atmosphere, initialization errors and so on.
The boresight for each lift is done individually as the solution may change slightly from lift to lift.
The following steps describe the Raw Data Processing and Boresight process:
Technicians process the raw data to LAS format flight lines using the final GPS/IMU
solution. This LAS data set is used as source data for boresight.
Technicians first use Fugro proprietary and commercial software to calculate initial
boresight adjustment angles based on sample areas within the lift. These areas cover
calibration flight lines collected in the lift, cross tie and production flight lines. These
areas are well distributed in the lift coverage and cover multiple terrain types that are
necessary for boresight angle calculation. The technician analyzes the results and makes
any necessary additional adjustment until it is acceptable for the selected areas. The
boresight angle adjustment process will ensure proper alignment between different look
angles as well as between flight line overlaps.
Once the boresight angle calculation is complete for the selected areas, the adjusted
settings are applied to all of the flight lines of the lift and checked for consistency.
Technicians utilize commercial and proprietary software packages to analyze the
matching between flight line overlaps for the entire lift and adjust as necessary until the
results meet the project specifications.
Once all lifts are completed with boresight adjustment individually, the technician will check and
correct the vertical misalignment of all flight lines and also the matching between data and
ground truth. The following criteria will be used:
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 18 of 66
Relative accuracy ≤ 9 cm within individual swaths (smooth surface repeatability)
Swath overlap difference, RMSDZ, ≤ 12 cm between adjacent swaths
Swath overlap maximum difference ± 24 cm
The technician will run a final vertical accuracy check of the boresighted flight lines against the
surveyed NVA check points after the z correction to ensure meeting the requirement of RMSEZ
(non-vegetated) ≤ 10 cm, NVA ≤ 19.6 cm 95% Confidence Level (Required Accuracy). The
accuracy validation report will be included in the deliverables.
2.12.3.1 Point Classification
Once boresight is complete, the project will be set up for automatic classification. First, the lidar
data will be cut into production tiles followed by automatically classifying the flight line overlap
points, noise points and ground points. We utilize commercial software as well as proprietary in-
house software for automated filtering. The parameters used in the process are customized for
each terrain type to obtain optimum results. These parameters can also be customized (if
required) to capture multiple categories of vegetation based on height (low, medium and high
vegetation). After all “low” points are classified, points remaining are reclassified automatically
based on height from the ground.
The classification algorithm can process large amounts of elevation point data in batch mode.
The goal of this initial automated process is to classify the points to their proper point
classification as accurately as possible (during the first pass); thereby reducing the amount of
manual editing that is required. The water points will be classified once hydro breakline vector
data is collected and checked for quality.
Once the automated filtering is complete, the files are run through a visual inspection to ensure
that the filtering was appropriately aggressive. In cases where the filtering is too aggressive and
important terrain features have been filtered out, the data is either run through a different filter
within a local area or is corrected during the manual filtering process. Interactive editing is
completed in commercial and proprietary visualization software that provides manual and
automatic point classification tools. All manually inspected tiles will then go through a peer
review to ensure proper editing and consistency before a final automated classification routine.
This process ensures only the required classifications are used in the final product (all points
classified into any temporary class during manual editing will be re-classified into proper
customer specified classifications). During this process vegetation points are classified, and the
flight line overlap points are tagged as withheld points.
The LAS point cloud data will then be packaged to the project specified tiling scheme and
clipped to project boundary and LAS delivery format. It will also be re-projected to project
specified projection, datum, and unit.
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 19 of 66
The file header will be formatted to meet project specifications. This ASPRS standard Classified
Point Cloud product will be used for the generation of derived products and will be delivered in
fully compliant LAS v1.4, Point Record Format 6 with Adjusted Standard GPS Time.
Georeferencing information will be included in all LAS file headers. Intensity values will be
included for each point and the Point Source ID will match to the flight line ID files.
3. Scope of Project
3.1 Project Understanding
Fugro’s Technical and Business Development Manager and Project Staging and Controls
department (PSC) has taken an in depth and detailed review of the Digital Orthoimagery and
Lidar Acquisition Project and has a complete understanding of City of Bozeman, Montana
requirements and specifications. This involves a project design with ample and well managed
equipment/personnel resources, and acquisition and production capabilities to complete this
project within the proposed schedule.
Deliverables will include:
Digital Orthoimagery: 1”=50’ map scale (i.e., 1”=300’ photo scale), 3” pixel, 4-band (RGB
& NIR), orthorectified digital imagery
o Survey Control and Quality Check Shots
o Digital Orthoimagery (4-band, 3” pixels, mosaic)
o Public Sidewalks centerline (within city limits only)
o Seamless mosaic at 1-foot (Optional: 0.5-foot) pixel resolution.
Lidar
o Hydrography (streams & water bodies) to latest USGS specs
o Building Footprints (extruded with height)
o Digital Terrain Model (DTM) & Digital Elevation Model (DEM) & Hillshade
(grayscale)
o Breaklines & Point Cloud (raw & classified)
o 1 ft Contours
Project Reports & Metadata
External hard drive with deliverables to be imported to the City Enterprise GIS
3.2 Project Schedule and Communication Plan
Effective communication is an integral part of Fugro’s project management plan. Ongoing
communication throughout the duration of the project ensures that unanticipated issues are
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 20 of 66
immediately and effectively addressed and resolved, and potential issues are often prevented as
a result.
We will work up front to develop a structured plan with scheduled meetings, status updates, and
points of communication so that both parties are able to commit in advance and allocate the
resources needed to ensure project success.
3.2.1 Reporting and Expectations
During the Kickoff Meeting, Fugro will work with the City to define the detail to which the reports
are presented. These requirements are built into the project work plan. This includes the type of
information required, the frequency of reporting, and the format of the reports. This enables us to
document expectations up front and provides a quality checklist that will be used to verify that all
requirements are met. Based on the SOW we, at a minimum, prepare the following reports, at a
frequency determined in the kickoff meeting, during the execution of the project.
Report on source data access
Report on mobilization
Report during acquisition until completion
Report during post processing until completion
Report on delivery of products and percentage of completion of project phase according
to schedule
3.2.2 Schedule and Delivery Dates
Status of project phases is generally provided through written reports, email notifications, and
daily interactions with Fugro staff. Fugro’s Project Manager is dedicated to this project daily and
is available to respond to questions regarding the project status and deliverable.
To further ensure that Fugro meets the requirements and expectations, the Project Manager
provides oversight and supervision on all aspects of the project and will provide final review and
sign-off on all deliverable before they leave our facility.
Fugro’s team has large production equipment and personnel capacity available to support
successful data access, processing, and delivery of the newly classified lidar data. Fugro’s
Production Manager is responsible for maintaining a detailed schedule to monitor the production
status of all current and upcoming projects. This schedule details:
Available and committed production hours per production department.
Estimated and actual (accrued daily) hours per production phase.
Anticipated projects expected to enter production in the next 30, 60, and 90 days.
Potential impacts on the current production schedule.
Fugro uses this master schedule to:
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 21 of 66
Determine whether or not we can take on new projects.
Evaluate the length of time required for production so we can work to develop a delivery
schedule that meets both parties’ expectations.
3.2.3 Project Schedule
The production scheduling system comprises the number of hours available in each major
production department against jobs booked (in hours) and potential opportunities that are highly
likely to become jobs. Team members are polled weekly to determine production capacity and
ability to perform within the desired timeframe.
Fugro also creates a project-specific production schedule that outlines all major production
phases, milestones, interim deliverable and due dates, and final deliverable and due dates. This
schedule is developed during the project initiation/kick-off phase and guides production
throughout the life of the project.
Project Schedule
Schedule Start Date End Date
Project Award 12/18/2023 12/18/2023
Project Kickoff 2/20/2024 2/20/2024
Survey 3/1/2024 3/31/2024
Flight 4/1/2024 4/30/2024
Imagery Delivery 4/30/2024 6/30/2024
Lidar Delivery 4/30/2024 7/29/2024
Sidewalk Centerline and Building Model 6/1/2024 7/29/2024
4. Related Experience
4.1 Project Experience
Fugro has successfully managed large multi-year Geo-data contracts for over 33 years. Our past
performance on state, local and federal task orders combined with our specialized experience in
geospatial and geophysical mapping, unprecedented resources, and strong project management
approach, demonstrates our team’s ability to successfully manage this project to achieve delivery
excellence and meet or exceed the GIS community requirements and expectations. Fugro’s
customer satisfaction measurement system has been created in accordance with the
ISO9001:2015 standard.
Fugro’s first large area/State-wide all-digital orthoimagery project was the State of Maryland in
1990. Since then, we have delivered over 2.5 million square miles of orthoimagery as part of state-
wide and other large area orthoimagery projects. Additionally, we hold many contracts with federal
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 22 of 66
agencies that periodically require large-area mapping efforts. Notably under the USDA National
Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP), the team of Fugro and Leica, has delivered state-wide
orthoimagery together since 2004.
Project Experience
Project Brief Description
City of Fargo, North Dakota
In the spring of 2023, Fargo in conjunction with the State of North Dakota
and Corps of Engineers contracted with Fugro to fly the City and
surrounding area for digital orthophotography, lidar/contours, planimetrics,
and impervious surfaces. KLJ provided the ground control services for the
contract.
City of Grand Forks, North
Dakota
Fugro provided 4 band orthoimagery services for Grand Forks - East Grand
Forks MPO, including 3" imagery for the entire MPO. KLJ provided the land
survey for an accurate ground control solution.
Cass County, North Dakota
Fugro provided 6" color ortho-rectified county-wide imagery for Cass
County, including mrSID mosaic compressions (both sections based and
county-wide), DEM used to rectify imagery, and FGDC compliant metadata.
KLJ provided the ground control services for the contract.
Washington, DC, Office of
the Chief Technology
Officer
Photogrammetric
Mapping/GIS Database
Update
Fugro acquired 3-inch, 4-band true orthoimagery, and QL2 lidar over the
Washington DC and collected 3-D 1"=100' scale planimetric data for the
purpose of updating the District's orthoimagery base map and GIS layers.
Fugro acquired the imagery in the Spring of 2017, 2019, and 2021 during
leaf-off conditions. Fugro generated stereopair imagery and compiled 3D
planimetric features, updating their GIS database. The process included
management of the existing data provided by the District, generating
stereo-pair imagery, performing a change analysis and compiling features
to update the Esri geodatabase. QL2 lidar was acquired in the Spring of
2018 during leaf-off conditions and QL1 lidar in the Summer of 2020.
Ortho and Oblique
Imagery, Software, and
Data Hosting, Cambria
County, PA
Fugro was awarded a contract from Cambria County to acquire nadir and
oblique imagery with supporting 3D GIS mapping software. Funded by the
county’s Department of Emergency Services this project included the
acquisition and processing of 4-way, 3-inch and 6-inch, nadir and oblique
digital imagery over an area approximately 700 sq. mi. Fugro created a 3D
model and model-based true ortho of the County, making an optimal
environment for emergency and infrastructure planning.
Horry County, South
Carolina, Oblique and
Ortho Imagery, Lidar &
Planimetric Mapping
The Horry County Aerial Photography and Planimetrics contract includes
the collection and processing of ground survey control points, aerial
imagery (both nadir and oblique), aerial topographic lidar and 1”=100’ scale
planimetric updates to an existing geodatabase from 2016 to 2021.
Deliverables include: 6-inch 4-band orthoimagery, 2 point per square meter
topographic lidar, 1”=100’ scale planimetrics, and 6-inch oblique and nadir
imagery and on-line viewing (SIMmetry). Conditions during project
acquisition required quick aircraft mobilization to the region to acquire data
prior to leaf-on conditions while managing high-water levels (flood events)
along inland rivers and streams.
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 23 of 66
5. Statement of Qualifications
5.1 Fugro Corporate Information
Fugro USA Land, Inc.
Company Overview
Staffing Role Leadership Name
102 Administrative Director/President Céline Gerson
6 CADD Technicians Director/Executive Vice President Blaine Thibodeaux
19 Construction Inspectors Executive Vice President W. Ray Wood, P.Eng.
103 Foundation/Geotechnica
l Engineers Vice Presidents Erik Hordijk
3 GIS Specialists Farid Motamed, PE
17 Geologists Osman El Menchawi,
PhD, PE, GE, FRM
1 Hydrographic Surveyors
1 Hydrogeologists
38 Project Managers Secretary/Treasurer Richard Baird
157 Technician/Analyst Assistant Secretary/ Assistant
Treasurer Dwayne Janecek
1 Seismic Engineers Fugro USA Land, Inc. Profile
4 Geophysicists Texas Corporation Established in 1947
19 Offices across the USA
Texas Geosciences Firm #50337
Federal ID No.: 74-2426512
3 Scientists
10 Pilots
47 Operators
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 24 of 66
7 Professional Land
Surveyors
DUNS No.: 36-187-1759
QHSE Certs:
ISO 45001:2018 certified
ISO 9001:2015 certified
ISO 14001:2015 certified
NAICS:
541330 Engineering Services
541370 Surveying and Mapping (Except Geophysical)
541360 Geophysical Surveying and Mapping
Cage No.: 1N4L2
7 Aerial Photographer
3 Computer Programmer
3 Photogrammetrist
2 Remote Sensing
Specialist
5 Mechanic
38 Other
573 Total
5.1.1 Office Locations
With offices across the continental US, including acquisition and project management performed
from our local Rapid City office, our position in North America is well established. A diverse
range of services and state-of-the-art technology enable us to help governments and diverse
industries meet their commercial objectives and environmental responsibilities. As a multi-
disciplined firm, we have a diverse group of professionals and technical specialists. To further
enhance our services, we utilize our world-wide team connections for the most efficient turn
around of production.
Fugro Office Locations
5.1.2 Commitment to Innovation
Fugro has a proven track record of innovation in surveying and mapping and has completed a
number of “firsts” in the geospatial, remote sensing, and mapping market. The following table
demonstrates our long-term commitment to maintain a leading position, and driver of state-of-
the-art technological solutions. Fugro’s ongoing investment in specialized resources and research
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 25 of 66
and development, combined with well-executed strategic acquisitions and alliances, ensure that
comprehensive, high quality service can be provided. Fugro’s extensive topographic lidar,
bathymetric lidar, multibeam (including backscatter and water column), and other remote-sensing
technologies can be offered as individual or integrated solutions, customized to meet specific
requirements.
Year Innovation
1993 First commercial deployment of airborne GPS for photogrammetric mapping.
1995 Developed innovation in First Floor Elevation data extraction
1996 First construction and operation of a Commercial Airborne lidar system.
1998 First commercial integration of IMU for aerial mapping.
2001 First to integrate bathymetric lidar and acoustic multi-beam data for nautical charting.
HP, first real-time decimeter accuracy wide area GPS augmentation system.
2002 First commercially available dual-band single-pass IFSAR with profiling lidar (GeoSAR).
UAV GeoRanger technology implementation
2003 First to implement TrueHeave technology (with Applanix) for vessel-based surveying.
2004 First to develop commercial in-flight data downlink to ground station for rapid response (ARIES).
2008 First to implement HiRES mode data processing from the Leica ADS digital camera.
2009 Implement airborne digital mapping sensors for acquires simultaneous vertical/oblique imagery G2, first
real-time GPS and GLONASS high precision Precise Point Positioning system.
2011
First-of-its-kind mapping project to include simultaneous topo/bathy lidar, natural color and hyperspectral
imagery, and topographic mapping for a seamless dataset of the California coastline, covering natural
resources and land and water infrastructure.
Produced Rapid Engineering Assessment of Levees (REAL™) to integrate multiple sources of data into a
single GIS database.
2012 Fugro Access - Online project tracking and QA/QC tool for client and internal use.
2013 GeoSAR implementation to support Sea Ice / Arctic Defense.
Developed BOAT-MAP and DRIVE-MAP Vessel-based and Terrestrial Mobile-based Lidar Systems.
2014
Roames™ (Remote Observation Automated Modeling Economic Simulation) is Fugro’s award-winning
technology that provides an accurate and dynamic 3D virtual model of infrastructure to create a digital
foundation for you to strategically manage your assets. By combining innovative 3D mapping techniques,
from lidar and imagery, with cutting-edge machine learning and cloud computing, Fugro Roames unlocks
new insights to help reduce operational costs, and deliver improved sustainability and better asset
reliability.
First to process high density lidar and imagery entirely in the cloud and deliver as a virtual world asset
management system.
2015
Remote Ocean Current Imaging System (ROCIS) is an aerial survey payload to measure surface ocean
currents. This oceanographic measurement tool provides near real-time synoptic surface current data over a
wide operational area, while retaining the ability to assess smaller scale current features of interest. The data
can be used in combination with satellite, numerical models and in situ measurements, offering better
understanding of offshore current features and enhancing operational planning. ROCIS current data can
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 26 of 66
also support the calibration and validation of predictive forecast models. ROCIS uses an innovative surface
current measurement technique to significantly enhance understanding of water surface current
phenomena. Using high-resolution airborne photography, the system images surface waves and retrieves
surface current data from the Doppler shift of successive surface wave images.
2016 PX mapper on-line oblique imagery viewing and QC platform, with data hosting options
2017
Developed a method and apparatus for improved orthometric DEM by the simultaneous acquisition of
gravity and lidar.
Patented method for generating of a geoid model via three (3) computation spaces and airborne acquired
gravity data
2018
Development of RAMMS, a paradigm shift in topobathymetric mapping systems with manned and
unmanned platforms and industry leading depth penetration and high data density. RAMMS solid state,
compact design allows for multimodal configuration with hyperspectral, thermal, and multispectral imagery
sensors to support custom and emergency response applications.
GAIA Insight delivers geological, geotechnical, and structural insights to accelerate projects. The platform
integrates site investigation, real-time IoT (sensor) and third-party data and it provides analytics required to
de-risk and shorten project cycles. The system reduces uncertainties of the subsurface and the risks of
failure, avoiding disruption to the environment. The platform delivers actionable intelligence, reducing total
project costs through lowered ground risk and accelerated project schedule.
2019
SIMmetry™ provides geo-intelligent information for improved communications, increased safety, and
efficient operations. For geospatial, facility, and GIS managers, it serves as foundational support for crucial,
day-to-day decisions that require fast and accurate details for critical components of land and coastal
assets.
Back2Base is a set of technologies and processes that enable large survey data files to be economically
transferred from field survey locations to a survey office and client, via internet links such as satellite or
mobile broadband and WiFi.
Implementation of high density lidar for rapid pre/post-event assessment and change detection to support
emergency response events and first responders.
Office Assisted Remote Services (OARS)® provides centralized command centers with direct access to
offshore survey projects. The system allows for optimization of survey crew size, client engagement and
access to Fugro’s subject matter experts around the world. OARS® command centers are manned 24/7 by
Fugro qualified surveyors, allowing for efficient monitoring and support of projects. The entire survey suite
can be operated remotely by command center staff or independently of the command center via a
purpose-built touchscreen navigation interface.
2020
SpaceStar is the next generation technology for the provision of high-accuracy real-time navigation services
in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), leveraging on the extensive Fugro expertise of delivering of GNSS (Global
Navigation Satellite Systems) augmentation services for professional applications. SpaceStar allows absolute
positioning and nanosecond-level timing in real-time. SpaceStar is based upon Fugro’s proven Precise Point
Positioning (PPP) technique, including multi-constellation and multi-frequency GNSS technology with real-
time GNSS corrections delivered via L-band signal from geostationary satellites.
2021
Sense.Lidar utilizes the advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies to classify
(identifying buildings, vegetation, and other ground features) a cluster of lidar points based on training
data. The data is processed in the cloud and scalable for large area production at affordable rates. The
newly classified lidar data is achieving 95%-99% accuracies.
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 27 of 66
5.1.3 Fugro Geo-Data Production Facilities
Fugro Production Centers
Fugro USA Land, Inc.
1. Geo-data Management, Production Facility
4991 New Design Road, Suite 105, Frederick, MD 21703
Tel: 301-948-8550
2. Aviation, Management, and Production Facility
4350 Airport Road, Rapid City, SD 57703
Tel: 605-343-0280 / Fax: 605-343-0305
3. Land Surveying, Management, and Production
200 Dulles Drive, Lafayette, LA 70506
Tel: 337-237-1300 / Fax: 337-268-3281
4. Additional Capacity Production Facility
3-1 Jinghe Road, ETDZ, Qinhuangdao, China, 066004
Tel: +86 335 8568130 / Fax:+85 335 8568730
Ownership: Corporation (Wholly owned subsidiary of Fugro NV)
Staff Count: 574 (US/Canada) 150 (OCONUS)
FEIN: 74-2426512 D&B: 361871759 CAGE: 1N4L2
Former Names of the Firm:
On 1-1-2018 Fugro Consultants and Fugro Geospatial merged to form Fugro USA Land, Inc.
Fugro Consultants Inc. 2007
Fugro Consultants, LP 2004
Fugro South LP 2002
Fugro South, Inc. 1998
Fugro McClelland, Inc. 1990
McClelland Consultants 1990
McClelland Engineers 1954
Greer McClelland 1946
Fugro Geospatial, Inc. 2013
Fugro EarthData, Inc. 2007
EarthData International, Inc. 2005
EarthData International, LLC 1998
Photo Science, Inc. 1955
5.2 Photogrammetric Production Operations
For nearly 20 years, Fugro has owned and operated a large photogrammetric production operation
in Qinhuangdao, China, offering our customers a combination of large, highly skilled production
resources at cost-competitive rates. This facility’s production resources include over 140 geospatial
professionals. Staff at this facility use identical ISO9001:2015 quality procedures for orthoimagery
production, planimetric compilation and lidar processing. All final quality assurance is performed
by Fugro’s US-based project management staff. Fugro has security protocols, documented and
DoD approved, which govern data security; no data is processed in any of our global facilities
without the explicit, written consent of our customers.
5.3 Health and Safety
The purpose of Fugro Corporate HSSE Standards is to provide a consistent approach towards
HSSE within Fugro by defining what shall be done for a range of activities to manage the
associated risks to a level acceptable to the company. The Fugro standard outlines the minimum
requirements to ensure that all reasonable care has been taken to minimize risk to people,
environment, assets, reputation, and those with whom we interact.
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 28 of 66
5.4 IT Policy
In the course of its business, Fugro relies greatly on data, information, and on Information &
Communication Technology (ICT) systems. The confidentiality, availability, and integrity of Fugro
data and information are critical to Fugro's business reputation and that of its clients, irrespective
of the medium on which it is held.
To help ensure this information is not compromised, Fugro has established a secure global ICT
infrastructure, monitored by an independent Managed Security Service Provider (MSSP) and an
internal team of Regional Security Officers (RSO’s). The RSOs work closely with all Operating
Companies (OpCo’s) and liaise with the appointed MSSP on Information Security issues. ICT risk
management and a process of continual improvement are critical to ensure that centrally
developed security policies are adopted into the OpCo work environment. The general approach
to Information Security (IS) is as follows:
Each OpCo Manager will be responsible for implementing this policy and maintaining
their OpCo’s Information Security Management System.
Fugro employees must be committed to achieving a high-standard of Information
Security at all times.
Contractors will be assessed and managed according to Fugro’s IS policy.
Business operations will be managed in such a way that they minimize the risks of loss or
misuse of information.
Measures will be implemented to minimize the likelihood of failure or misuse of ICT
systems, that could compromise Fugro or its clients in any way.
OpCo’s shall not only comply with IS measures as required locally by law but shall act
proactively to avoid compromising the company’s business, financial and personal
information.
A secure environment will be provided for the storage of information.
An appropriate level of security will be maintained for all ICT systems.
Employees will receive adequate ICT Security Awareness training and support in their
efforts to achieve Fugro’s IS objectives.
Operating companies will facilitate periodic IS audits by RSO’s and designated third
parties.
Fugro USA Land, Inc. (FUSALI) is strongly committed to Information Security and fully supports
Fugro’s objectives in this regard.
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 29 of 66
6. References
6.1 Client References
Client References
Client References
1. Horry County South Carolina Orthos, Obliques, Lidar and Planimetrics
Client Horry County Government, Horry County South Carolina
Reference POC
Name: Tim Oliver
Phone: 843-915-7367
Email: olivert@horrycountysc.gov
Duration 2016-Present
2. Washington D.C. OCTO
Client District of Columbia OCTO (Washington D.C. OCTO)
Reference POC
Name: Matt Crossett
Phone: 202-442-7100
Email: matthew.crossett@dc.gov
Duration 2016-2020
Ongoing Contract
3. City of Fargo, North Dakota
Client City of Fargo, North Dakota
Reference POC
Name: Daryl Masten
Phone: 701-241-8196
Email: DMasten@FargoND.gov
Duration 2023
7. Present and Projected Workloads
7.1 Resource Planning
Fugro’s Geo-data experience is complemented by ample resources, including a fleet of aircraft and
vessels, geospatial sensors (lidar, imagery (natural color, multispectral, hyperspectral, thermal,
oblique, SAR, sonar)), geophysical sensors (magnetometer, gravimeter), and more than 570 highly-
qualified engineering, surveying / mapping, and geospatial professionals in the US. Personnel
assigned to this project include registered ASPRS CP, PMP, PE, PLS, GISP and highly qualified and
experienced analysts and technical support personnel to ensure all products meet quality and
accuracy specifications. Additionally, we have on staff, FAA Certified/ Licensed Pilots, and FAA
Certified Airframe and Powerplant (A&P) mechanics to keep our aircraft in a peak state of readiness
for project operations and emergency response.
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 30 of 66
Our employees participate in ongoing, advanced technical training to keep at the forefront of the
rapid technological changes that are inherent in the field of surveying, mapping, and GIS. This
knowledge ensures that we embrace the latest technologies and apply the appropriate industry
standards to deliver robust mapping solutions.
7.2 Equipment Resources
7.2.1 Aircraft
Fugro has a total of six (6) fixed wing aircraft of varying makes and models available for
mobilization for aerial data acquisition. This large capacity allows us to match the appropriate
number of aircraft depending on the acquisition requirements. All aircraft are customized to
accept specific sensors, and all are equipped with Airborne GPS (ABGPS) and Inertial
Measurement Unit (IMU) and additional GPS location equipment.
Fugro Cessna Conquest II
Fugro Mapping Aircraft
Make / Model Type QTY
Cessna 441 Conquest-II Turbo Prop 2
Piper Navajo PA31-350 Piston 4
DJI Mavic Pro Unmanned 1
Microdrones MD4-100 Unmanned 1
7.2.2 Aerial Data Acquisition Systems
Fugro imagery sensor capacity allows us to maintain redundant sensors if unforeseen
complications create a need for additional acquisition capacity. The breadth of our sensor suites
allows Fugro’s project manager to design the acquisition, matching sensor to aircraft, for the
most efficient data collection possible while meeting all accuracy and quality expectations.
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 31 of 66
Airborne Imagery Acquisition Systems
Make / Model Type QTY
Leica ADS100 Digital Imagery (Sweep/Push Broom) 2
Leica ADS80-SH82 Digital Imagery (Sweep/Push Broom) 2
MIDAS Oblique Imagery Digital Imagery (Vertical & Oblique) 3
A3 Oblique Imagery Digital Imagery (Vertical & Oblique) 2
Airborne Lidar Sensors
Make / Model Type QTY
Leica ALS80 Topographic Lidar 2
Riegl LMS Q680i Topographic Lidar 7
Riegl LMS Q780i Topographic Lidar 6
Riegl VQ1560ii-S Topographic Lidar 2
Fugro FLI-MAP Fx Topographic Lidar 1
Fugro FLI-MAP 400 Topographic Lidar 7
Microdrones MD4-1000 Topographic Lidar – Digital Imagery 1
RAMMS Bathymetric 2
7.2.3 Airborne GPS & IMU Systems
To ensure precise geopositioning on the data acquired by the sensors in the previous sections,
Fugro has ABGPS and IMU installed in all aircraft for navigation and sensor control. As a
requirement, all data acquisition subcontractors and any leased aircraft will be equipped with
these systems. The tables below present the precision positioning equipment owned by Fugro.
Prior to the use of a subcontractor for data acquisition, Fugro will ensure proper positioning
equipment is installed in the mapping aircraft. Additional capacity from our data acquisition
subcontractors ensures airborne data is properly controlled and of high quality.
GPS / IMU Systems
Make/Model Type QTY
Topcon GR-3 L1/L2/Glonass Airborne GPS Receiver 7
Ashtech Z Surveyor GPS Receiver 3
Applanix POS/AV 510 IMU System 5
IPAS10 IMU system IMU System 2
7.2.4 Imagery Processing Software/Hardware
Fugro’s mapping workstations are equipped with software designed specifically by the
manufacturer to accomplish stereo orientation, feature collection, manual and automated
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 32 of 66
measurement for aerotriangulation and digital elevation models, contour generation,
photogrammetric data management tools, and quality analysis tools.
Imagery Processing Software
Make/Model Type QTY
Leica XPRO Software 5
KLT Atlas Software 5
VisionMap Software 20
Lightspeed / Finishing
Software Software 22
Pixel Factory Software 12
Pictovera Software 12
ERDAS LPS Software 5
Orthovista Software 5
Intergraph SSK Software 4
ESRI ArcGIS Desktop -
Advanced Software 57
ESRI ArcGIS Desktop -
Standard Software 58
ESRI ArcGIS Desktop - Basic Software 195
ESRI ArcGIS Pro Advanced Software 10
SOCET SET v5.3.1 Software 10
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 33 of 66
Production Resource Capacity
8. Key Personnel
8.1 Key Personnel Capacity and Experience
Fugro’s aerial acquisition and processing capabilities for orthoimagery, lidar, planimetric, and
topographic map data are supported by a highly experienced team of project planning staff, pilots,
sensor operators, field crews, production staff, and project managers who possess the experience
and expertise to meet the needs of our customers.
8.1.1 Personnel Capacity
Our staff of over 570 US-based technical professionals has specialized education and experience
in data acquisition (flight and sensor operations), photogrammetry, photo interpretation, remote
sensing, cartography, GIS, computer science, GPS surveying, and more. Fugro’s global processing
facilities are available for cost and schedule efficiency, increasing our staff count as shown in the
column in the table below.
Technical and Administrative Personnel Capacity
Labor Category Quantity (US) Additional Quantity (Global)
Acquisition >33 N/A
Production >78 +140
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 34 of 66
Project Management / Administrative >46 +3
Total Employees >570 +146
8.1.2 Professional Certifications
One major factor to Fugro's success over the last 65 years is attributed to employing highly trained
Geospatial and GIS professionals. Fugro staff maintains professional licenses, registrations, and
certifications related to the surveying and mapping profession. The personnel listed in the table
below are utilized in supervisory and management positions and are an invaluable resource
ensuring quality products and services are delivered.
Professional Certifications
Type Name
CP Lynn Baker; Jonathan Helta; Dave Holm; Doug Johnson; Nora May; Suzee Parsons; Kirk Spell; Michael
Wernau
PLS David Cormier; Lance Castille; Mark Buhrke; Brian Moyle
PMP Elise MacPherson Andelin; Michael Wernau; Shelby Coder; Simon New
GISP Debbie Simerlink; Dave Holm
PE Guy Meiron (SD)
CP: Certified Photogrammetrist PLS: Professional Land Surveyor PMP: Project Management Professional GISP: GIS
Professional PE: Professional Engineer
8.2 Key Personnel
The following table identifies key supervisory staff who will be assigned to the contract, indicating
the responsibilities and qualifications of such personnel. Full resumes for key personnel have been
provided on the following pages.
Staff Qualifications and Experience
Name Role/Responsibilities Qualifications Summary
Dave White Programs Director Over 30 years’ experience in the mapping industry. Instrumental in
developing Fugro’s IS09001:2015 Quality Management System.
Keith Owens Commercial Director
Over 25 years’ geospatial, experience. Manages and leads program-based
communication, from program initiation, to contract negotiations, to
production. He acts on behalf of the client to find topographic or 3D mapping
solutions that meet highly technical product specifications. Keith has hands
on experience with land surveying, aerial data acquisition, project planning,
project estimating, data processing, map compilation, project management
and business development - which helps manage and implement project
goals, accuracy specifications, expectations, execution and delivery.
Dave Holm, CP,
SP, GISP
Technical and
Business Development
Manager
Over 25 years’ experience in the mapping industry. Provides oversight of
Fugro’s largest IDIQ contracts and programs.
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 35 of 66
Rob Rombough Project Manager
Over 10 years’ experience in the mapping industry. Expertise includes project
planning, financial and cost management, managing subcontractors, and
liaising with clients to ensure all project needs are met throughout the
contract life cycle.
Debbie Simerlink,
GISP Operations Manager
Over 30 years’ experience in the mapping industry. Assesses production
workload and capacity, manages production schedules for all projects, and
reports on capacity, backlog, and forecasting to ensure new projects can be
taken on and existing projects are completed on schedule and within budget.
Tian Wang Production Manager
Over 20 years’ experience in the mapping industry. Instrumental in
developing and improving Fugro’s production / delivery processes. Ensures
quality data delivery on Fugro’s largest and most complex lidar projects.
Benjamin Downey Project Staging and
Controls Manager
Over 10 years’ experience in the mapping industry. Expertise includes project
planning, financial and cost management, managing subcontractors, and
liaising with clients to ensure all project needs are met throughout the
contract life cycle.
Suzee Parsons, CP Project Staging and
Controls Manager
Over 20 years’ experience in the mapping industry at Fugro. Supervises all
aspects of proposal/project planning, project execution, providing plans,
technical parameters, and direction for photogrammetric and remote sensing
projects.
Guy Meiron, PE Science and
Technology Manager
Over 30 years’ experience in the mapping industry. Provides day-to-day
technical support throughout production, providing critical QA/QC review.
Ensures each project conforms to technical specifications, budget, and
schedule.
Nora May, PhD,
CP
Senior Systems
Geodetic Engineer
Over 20 years’ experience in the mapping industry. Research interests include
surface extraction and modeling, sensor fusion, calibration of multi-sensor
systems, including lidar boresight calibration.
Mike Rusenko Aviation Manager
Over 40 years’ experience as a pilot and aerial photographer. Has completed
thousands of aerial photographic projects. Plans and directs all aerial sensor
and airborne GPS acquisition missions and manages Fugro’s flight crews,
aircraft, aerial camera systems, and GPS systems.
Doug Johnson, CP Flight Coordinator
Over 35 years’ experience in the mapping industry. Involved with virtually
every aerial data acquisition project to ensure data quality and coverage
before the flight crews leave the project AOI.
Nick Nearman Geospatial Technical
Lead
Over 15 years’ experience in the mapping industry. Responsibilities include
GNSS-IMU pre-planning and post-processing and initial acquisition data
QA/QC and data-management to ensure same-day validation of collected
data.
David Jendras Geospatial Technical
Lead
Over 10 years’ experience in the mapping industry. Serves as a technical
project lead for both lidar and oblique imaging projects. Has extensive
experience with production workflows for both passive and active airborne
sensors allow him to easily move between projects of varying requirements
Todd Giesey Technical Lead AT Over 30 years’ experience in the mapping industry. Focused on the continued
improvement of production workflows to create the best, most accurate Geo-
data product. Committed to continually improving the AT workflow efficiency
and product accuracy for creating an authoritative Geo-data product.
Kirk Spell, CP Orhtoimagery
Technical Lead
Over 25 years’ experience creating and managing complex orthoimagery
projects Has vast experience with imagery collection and processing
techniques
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 36 of 66
Jonathan Helta,
CP Lidar Production Lead
Over 15 years’ experience in the mapping industry. Specialist in lidar
processing techniques, software, and product development. Leads the lidar
processing team to adapt to changes in technology.
Lynn Baker, CP,
CPT
Manager of
Cartographic Editing
Over 40 years’ experience in the mapping industry at Fugro. Extensive
expertise in all key phases of technical operations, including photogrammetric
mapping, GIS, and remote sensing analysis.
David Stuck Imagery Department
Supervisor
Over 25 years’ experience in the mapping industry. Leads the Rapid City lidar
processing department as supervisor of imagery production.
Mark Buhrke, RPLS Chief Surveyor
Over 25 years’ experience in the energy industry. Current responsibilities
include development, implementation and maintenance of operating
procedures.
Maison Collins Chief Pilot
10 years' experience flying in General, Corporate, and Private Aviation
accomplishing thousands of hours of flying throughout the U.S, Canada, and
Mexico focusing in aerial acquisition.
Chris Fought Aerial Sensor
Technician
Over 10 years’ experience in aerial data acquisition. Responsibilities include
line navigation, sensor operation, flight planning/coordination, and
troubleshooting issues that may arise from system malfunction.
Debbie Wenner GIS Analyst /
Compilation Specialist
Over 25 years’ experience in the mapping industry. Provides cross training,
quality review, technical support, and project management duties. Performs
remote sensing and GIS for land cover mapping, image-based feature
extraction.
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 37 of 66
Dave White
Programs Director
Professional Profile:
Dave leads program-based operations, from initiation, to contract/client management and quality management, to
production. He is uniquely qualified to serve in this capacity, having advanced through technical and management positions in
every Fugro operations group since joining the company in 1990. He began his career with Fugro as a geospatial analyst and
quickly advanced to planning, developing, and managing the specialized processes for federal, state, and local government
agency programs and providing project oversight and coordination, work scope definition and guidance, resource allocation,
scheduling of tasks, and quality assurance management for programs and clients with large complex IDIQ contracts. Dave
works with the operations and production managers, project managers, and technical/administrative staff to ensure the
company has the personnel, equipment capacity, and financial wherewithal to provide a high level of quality and service for
our clients. His experience handling virtually every project we engage on is essential, and contributes to overall program
efficiencies, client satisfaction, compliance with Fugro’s ISO9001:2015 quality system, and continuous improvement of
management and production processes to achieve delivery excellence.
Experience: Hired at Fugro: 1990
Total years’ experience: 31
Education: Coursework in Information Science; Business Finance; Photogrammetry; Lead Quality
Auditor/Quality Systems Mgmt.
Equipment and Software
Experience: Microsoft Office Suite of Products, Fugro’s Project Tracking and Management Software
Professional/Project Experience:
USGS, Geospatial Products and Services Version 3, Contract No. G17PC00015
Principal in Charge: Under GPSC 3, after successful completion of the 5-year GPSC 2 IDIQ that the USGS awarded to Fugro, we
are providing mission critical products and professional mapping services to support the evolving and expanding needs of the
USGS and its partners. To date this has included 8 lidar-based task orders totaling over 41,000 sq. mi that meet or exceed
USGS specifications for QL2, QL2+, and QL1; and 1 pilot project to extract NHD compatible mapping from IfSAR data.
USGS, Geospatial Products and Services Contract, Version 2, Contract No. G11PC00014
Principal in Charge: The GPSC2 contract was active from 04/2011 to 03/2016. Work included 12 orthoimagery task orders for
delivery over 17,000 sq mi of imagery at various resolutions (3-inch, 6-inch, and 12-inch). 11 lidar related task orders were
completed totaling over 19,000 sq mi meeting and exceeding the USGS QL2 specification.
USACE, St. Louis District Surveying and Mapping A/E Contract, Contract No. W912P9-16-D-0020
Principal in Charge: In 2016 USACE awarded this consecutive 5-year IDIQ contract to Fugro. Under this contract we continue
to provide the USACE high quality mapping products. Task orders include wide area lidar for a historic multi-phased 75,000 sq.
mi program for ND and surrounding regions and imagery acquisition, processing (leaf-on and leaf-off), and high density lidar
(16 ppsm) of hundreds of National Guard Bases, armories, and installations throughout the US. Additionally, under this
contract we are continuing our Engineering Route Studies on dozens of countries through 12 task orders.
NOAA OCM, Geospatial Services Contract / EA-133C-16-CQ-0043
Principal in Charge: Fugro has contracted with NOAA OCM since 2005 under two consecutive 5-year IDIQ contracts. In August
2016 NOAA OCM awarded Fugro another 5-year IDIQ contract to continue providing high quality coastal mapping solutions
through 2021. Fugro provides a wide range of services, including acquisition and processing of airborne imagery, lidar, multi-
spectral, and gravity data, production of digital orthophotos, DEMs, planimetric and topographic mapping; land-use/land-
cover and SAV classification, surveying, bathymetric mapping, and hydrographic surveying.
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 38 of 66
Keith Owens
Commercial Director/Technical and Business Development Manager
Professional Profile:
Keith’s current responsibilities include product technical development, business development, proposal technical writing,
project estimating, client liaison, marketing, and business development management. As Fugro’s Commercial Director, Keith
focuses on new markets, technical advancements, product development, and price strategy. He facilitates business
partnerships to advance Fugro’s growth in the Remote Sensing and Mapping market throughout North and South America,
He maintains up to date on new technologies, process workflows, and industry pricing to keep Fugro at the forefront of
competitiveness as it relates to Remote Sensing and Mapping.
Experience: Hired at Fugro: 1996
Total years’ experience: 27
Education: Highschool graduate, Middletown High School, Middletown, Maryland
Course studies at Frederick Community College, Maryland
Registrations and
Certifications: ASPRS Member # 72519, URISA, GITA
Equipment and Software
Experience:
Software: Microsoft Office Suite of Products, Adobe Products, ArcGIS, AutoCAD, Fugro
SIMmetry, and Skyline TerraExplorer Pro
Equipment: Canon camera systems, Leica aerial camera and lidar sensors, Ashtech GPS
receivers, and Applanix IMU
Professional/Project Experience:
Horry County, South Carolina Orthoimagery, Obliques, Lidar and Planimetrics
Technical and Business Development: “We worked to design a program that would acquire and process 6-inch orthoimagery,
6-inch oblique imagery, and 2ppsm topographic lidar data during the Spring, leaf-off season every 2 years. The area is a mix
of coastal zone, urban, suburban, and rural land cover. Our design of the project required us to collect the three Geo-data
products within the short flight season. Our data acquisition had to be flown when the river, stream and lake water levels were
within the banks, the sky was cloud-free and the environment wasn’t obscured during controlled burns. The data processing
had to be of the highest level of quality to meet the County’s Geo-data expectations. The accuracy had to exceed ASPRS and
USGS standards for positional accuracy to ensure the County was making good decisions from authoritative data.”
The State of Texas Department of Information Resources Contract (TXDIR) – Automatic Lidar Point Classifications
Technical and Business Development: “Fugro was awarded a task order from TNRIS for receiving over 80,000 square miles of
USGS QL2 lidar data throughout Texas and re-processing this data to State specifications. I worked with the State to
understand their needs for transitioning the lidar data from USGS specs to State Specs. The specification was to classify the
lidar data to a 99% accuracy, which included buildings, vegetation (high, medium, and low), and culverts. Fugro has years’
experience creating machine learning techniques to classify lidar data at high densities for power utility clients. Our challenge
was to create the machine learning rules to accurately work on the lower USGS QL2 lidar data. The project is a success, we’re
able to take advantage of cloud processing, while utilizing Fugro’s programmer experience, and accurately and efficiently
transition the data to a more usable product through machine learning techniques. This increased the State’s return on
investment by making the data more accessible and usable to the many State and local agencies.”
Washington D.C. Office of the Chief Technology Officer (OCTO) Orthoimagery, Lidar and Planimetrics
Technical and Business Development Manager: “The D.C. OCTO project is a five-year contract where Fugro collects and
processes 3-inch true orthoimagery, 8ppsm lidar, and updates the District’s planimetric geodatabase. The data is acquired
annually during the Spring leaf-off season in coordination with the U.S. Secret Service and Capitol Police. This airspace is likely
one of the most difficult airspaces in the U.S. to gain access to due to security concerns over the White House, Capitol
Building, and Navy Yard. The design of this project required careful coordination with OCTO’s GIS management team to meet
their stringent requirements for accuracy and quality. I worked with the team to develop a process that provides the Geo-data
to OCTO requirements, budget, and schedule.”
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 39 of 66
Dave Holm, CP, SP, GISP
Technical and Business Development Manager
Professional Profile:
At Fugro, Dave specializes in client relations, communications, business development and program oversight. For the past 22
years, Dave has held a variety of positions at Fugro. This experience includes sales and marketing, project management and
program management. Early-on in his career at Fugro, Dave joined several national professional organizations and began the
process of gaining experience and knowledge leading to multiple certifications outlined below. Dave continues to be involved
in maintaining these through attendance and participation in conferences and online webinars.
Experience: Hired at Fugro: 1999
Total years’ experience: 24
Education: MS, Geography, South Dakota State University, 1993
BS, Geography, South Dakota State University, 1990
Registrations and
Certifications:
ASPRS Certified Photogrammetrist (CP) #1301
VA Surveyor Photogrammetrist (SP) #000120
Geographic Information Systems Professional (GISP) #91371
OR Professional Photogrammetrist, #80787RPP
Equipment and Software
Experience: Microsoft Office and Geo-data planning and project tracking software
Professional/Project Experience:
USGS Geospatial Products and Services Version 3 (GPSC3)
Photogrammetric Manager: Under GPSC 3, after successful completion of the 5-year GPSC 2 IDIQ that the USGS awarded to
Fugro, we are providing mission critical products and professional mapping services to support the evolving and expanding
needs of the USGS and its partners. To date this has included 8 Lidar-based task orders totaling over 41,000 sq. mi that meet
or exceed USGS specifications for QL2, QL2+, and QL1; and 1 pilot project to extract NHD compatible mapping
from IfSAR data.
FEMA PTS Contract, RiskMAP Lidar Derived Elevation Mapping
Photogrammetric Manager: Dave has managed multiple task orders for FEMA’s Production and Technical Services (Architect
and Engineer Services) in support of the nationwide RiskMAP Program. On this contract Fugro’s role is airborne and
waterborne data acquisition and processing to develop and derive elevation-based mapping products of local and regional
watersheds for floodplain mapping and hydrologic modeling. This is the second consecutive 5-year RiskMAP contract that
Fugro has supported. The current contract has included multiple task orders over the past 5 years for topographic,
bathymetric and land surveying services.
USACE Lidar and Orthoimagery, Missouri River Corridor, Omaha District
Photogrammetric Manager: High resolution 3-inch GSD, digital 4-band, aerial imagery over a selected area of the Missouri
River corridor just west of Bismarck, ND, covering approximately 157 sq. mi. The project also includes the collection and
processing of high accuracy classified Lidar as well as a combination of raster digital elevation models and additional
hydrographic breaklines, covering approximately 105 sq. mi. The acquired Lidar and digital orthophotography data is used for
various planning, design, research and mapping purposes.
USACE High Resolution Lidar, Multiple Counties, ND Phase 8
Photogrammetric Manager: The ongoing phase 8 Lidar data acquisition added 20,695 sq. miles to the over 75,000 sq. mi
historic dataset. The Lidar data is based on Quality Level 2 USGS National Geospatial Program Lidar Base Specifications
Version 1.2. The Lidar vertical accuracy was tested and confirmed to meet both FEMA/NSSDA and ASPRS/NDEP standards.
Additionally, this phase of the program includes the development of Lidar-derived building footprints for the entire project
area.
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 40 of 66
Rob Rombough
Project Manager
Professional Profile:
Rob brings a specialized education background designed to promote high proficiency within the administrative aspects in
technical fields. His specialized business degree combined with the completion of interdisciplinary engineering and geological
coursework provides Rob with a thorough comprehension regarding both the business and technical facets of the mapping
industry. Since joining Fugro, his proficiency and understanding of geospatial products and their production processes
provided a vehicle for rapid advancement to leadership roles within the company. He has acted as a point person for customer
interaction for many high profile projects leading the development of final deliverables; finishing and packaging deliverables;
reporting to management for schedule and percent complete; workflow development, implementation, and documentation
for GIS and remote sensing projects; organizing and conducting internal trainings sessions; and creating graphics and
presentation materials for marketing purposes.
Experience: Hired at Fugro: 2010
Total years’ experience: 15
Education: BS / Business Applications in Science and Technology / Minor in Business Administration /
South Dakota School of Mines & Technology / 2007
Professional/Project Experience:
USACE, St. Louis District Surveying and Mapping A/E Contract, Contract No. W912P9-16-D-0020
Project Manager: In 2016, USACE awarded this consecutive 5-year IDIQ contract to Fugro. Under this contract we continue to
provide the USACE high quality mapping products. Task orders include wide area Lidar for a historic multi-phased 75,000 sq.
mi program for ND and surrounding regions and imagery acquisition, processing (leaf-on and leaf-off), and high density Lidar
(16 ppsm) of hundreds of National Guard Bases, armories, and installations throughout the US. Additionally, under this
contract we are continuing our Engineering Route Studies on dozens of countries through 12 task orders.
USACE High Resolution Lidar, Multiple Counties, ND Phase 7
Project Manager: Fugro was tasked by the USACE to acquire leaf-off Lidar data over an area of approximately 6,612 square
miles. The data was acquired between spring 2016 and spring 2018. The Lidar data is based on Quality Level 2 USGS Base
Specifications Version 1.2. The Lidar vertical accuracy was tested and confirmed to meet both FEMA/NSSDA and ASPRS/NDEP
standards. Rob is currently managing the ongoing phase 8.
USACE, Engineering Route Studies (ERS)
Project Manager: Fugro has been issued 12 TOs for this country-scale GIS temporal map providing information on
transportation systems, terrain, and climate features. The ERS is used by Army and DoD contingency planners for crisis events
& other international responses.
USACE National Guard Base (NGB) / NGB Armory Sites
Project Manager: Fugro has been issued 7 task orders for 3” and 6” imagery, QL2+ (4ppsm, 10cm RSME) Lidar, 1”=50’ scale
photogrammetric and planimetric mapping (SDSFIE compliant), delivery of 1’ contours, hydro breaklines, and DEMs for
multiple NGB Installations and Armories. Each year we are tasked to perform a number of these projects and have mapped
over 100 NGB/Armory sites in the last 3 years.
USACE, Fort Pickett, VA – 3” Orthoimagery, Lidar, and Various Mapping Products
Project Manager: The National Guard Bureau (NGB-ARI) contracted with Fugro to acquire and produce a combination of full
color 3-inch and 6-inch pixel resolution, leaf-off digital imagery for the production of high-accuracy orthophotography as well
as full planimetric feature collection for the Fort Pickett National Guard base in Virginia. Fugro also collected high-accuracy
Lidar data at 4 points per meter density with a 10cm RMSE vertical point accuracy for the production of topographic data
including a classified point cloud, 1’contours, hydro breaklines and DEMs for the entire facility and training area.
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 41 of 66
Debbie Simerlink, GISP
Regional Airborne Operations Manager
Professional Profile:
Debbie manages our airborne operations group which is comprised of our fleet of 7 aircraft, geospatial sensors, flight crews,
and support staff; the data processing team that generates geospatial and GIS products; and the science and technology team
that develops software and technical solutions to create value-added products. Debbie is involved with every project from the
sales stage so that she understands the unique requirements, anticipates and quantifies needs, and ensures that the
operations teams have the necessary equipment and resources to perform the required work on time, on budget, and to meet
client expectations. She conducts analysis of operational and production progress to identify areas for continuous
improvement and to ensure that we achieve delivery excellence.
Experience: Hired at Fugro: 1998
Total years’ experience: 33
Education:
MBA, University of Maryland, 2005
MS, Technology Management, University of Maryland, 2005
BS, Systems Engineering, Wright State University, 1985
Registrations and
Certifications: Geographic Information Systems Professional (GISP)
Equipment and Software
Experience:
Microsoft Office Suite of Products, Fugro’s Project Tracking and Management Software,
Microsoft Project
Professional/Project Experience:
USGS, Geospatial Products and Services
Airborne Operations Manager: Under GPSC 3, after successful completion of the 5-year GPSC 2 IDIQ that the USGS awarded
to Fugro, we are providing mission critical products and professional mapping services to support the evolving and expanding
needs of the USGS and its partners. To date this has included 8 lidar-based task orders totalling over 41,000 sq. mi that meet
or exceed USGS specifications for QL2, QL2+, and QL1; and 1 pilot project to extract NHD compatible mapping from IfSAR
data. I have been involved in the advance planning and execution of all task orders under this contract. This includes
evaluation of seasonal, ground, and weather conditions and ensuring that that we have the proper aircraft and sensors
positioned to maximize data acquisition opportunities. I also ensure adequate data processing resources are allocated to
prioritize overlapping task orders to ensure high quality and timely delivery of all.
USACE, St. Louis District Surveying and Mapping A/E Contract
Airborne Operations Manager: In 2016, USACE awarded this consecutive 5-year IDIQ contract to Fugro. Under this contract
we continue to provide the USACE high quality mapping products. Task orders include wide area lidar for a historic multi-
phased 75,000 sq. mi program for ND and surrounding regions and imagery acquisition, processing (leaf-on and leaf-off), and
high density lidar (16 ppsm) of hundreds of National Guard Bases, armouries, and installations throughout the
US. Additionally, under this contract we completed processing of Engineering Route Studies on dozens of countries through
12 task orders. I have been involved in the advance planning and execution of all task orders under this contract. In fall of
2021, we were able to complete multiple task orders in a short timeframe in North Dakota through careful planning and
positioning of acquisition resources to take advantage of weather opportunities when and where they arose.
Virginia Base Mapping Orthoimagery Program, 2017 – 2020
Airborne Operations Manager: The Virginia Base Mapping Program was awarded to Fugro to acquire, process, and deliver
geospatial data products to the Commonwealth and participating agencies. The contract term of 2017 - 2020 included
delivery of 4-band orthoimagery at 3”, 6” and 12” pixel resolutions meeting ASPRS standards for the acquired scale. Buy-up
services were available to local agencies and included high resolution oblique imagery, topographic and planimetric mapping,
land use land cover mapping. I led the acquisition and processing teams that successfully acquired imagery at all 3 scales and
processed numerous products for the state, as well as options for local constituencies. The project was completed on time and
was deemed a success by the state.
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 42 of 66
Tian Wang
Production Manager
Professional Profile:
As Production Manager, Tian oversees every project that Fugro’s Remote Sensing and Mapping team performs. She has direct
experience on imagery and lidar projects and task orders involving ground ortho, true ortho and topographic and bathymetric
lidar production, data integration, and development of derived Geo-data products. Tian actively supports the development
and refinement of national standards for geospatial mapping, including the USGS Lidar Base Specifications.
Experience: Hired at Fugro: 2001
Total years’ experience: 22
Education: BS, Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 1994
Registrations and
Certifications: ASPRS Member # 72519, URISA, GITA
Equipment and Software
Experience:
Sensors: Leica ALS, Leica ADS, PhaseOne, Riegl 1560i
Software: MicroStation, TerraSolid products, GeoCue, ArcMap, ArcGIS Pro
Professional/Project Experience:
Washington, DC, Office of the Chief Technology Officer Photogrammetric Mapping/GIS Database Update
Production Manager: Fugro acquired 3-inch, 4-band true orthoimagery, and lidar over the Washington D.C. area and
collected 3-D 1"=100' scale planimetric data for the purpose of updating the District's orthoimagery base map and GIS layers.
Fugro acquired the imagery in the Spring of 2017, 2019, and 2021 during leaf-off conditions. Fugro generated stereopair
imagery and compiled 3D planimetric features and updating their GIS database. The process included management of the
existing data provided by the District, generating stereo-pair imagery, performing a change analysis and compiling features to
update the Esri geodatabase. QL2 lidar was acquired in the Spring of 2018 during leaf-off conditions and QL1 lidar in the
Summer of 2020. “I’m responsible for making sure production teams deliver good quality data to the customer on-time. I
make sure the production team fully understands the project specifications and the expected schedule. I make sure they have
the right software and the technical support they need from our Science and Technology team. I meet with the production
team and the project manager on regular basis to ensure the project meets all the planned milestones, schedule, and passes
all milestone QC checks.”
Virginia Information Technology Agency (VITA) Virginia Base Mapping Program 2017 - 2020
Production Manager: Fugro is the selected vendor for the Virginia Information Technologies Agency (VITA) / Virginia Base
Mapping Program (VBMP) to acquire, process and delivery geospatial data products to the Commonwealth and participating
agencies. The contract term is 2017 - 2020 providing commonwealth-wide, 4-band orthoimagery at 3”, 6” and 12” pixel
resolutions and a wide range of buy up mapping deliverables including lidar, planimetrics, increased resolution imagery,
building footprints, impervious surface mapping, and other GIS database layers. Ms. Wang oversees production of this 5-year
project and successfully delivered the ortho, lidar and planimetric products to customer on-time with good quality.
USGS, Geospatial Products and Services Version 3, Contract No. G17PC00015
Production Manager: Under GPSC 3, after successful completion of the 5-year GPSC 2 IDIQ that the USGS awarded to Fugro,
we are providing mission critical products and professional mapping services to support the evolving and expanding needs of
the USGS and its partners. To date this has included 8 lidar-based task orders totaling over 43,800 sq. mi. that meet or exceed
USGS specifications for QL2, QL2+, and QL1; and 2 projects to extract NHD compatible mapping from IfSAR data in Alaska. “I
lead the development of our standardized lidar data processing workflow and provided training and technical guidance to the
production team. We closely follow the USGS on their specification update and provided our feedback. We update our
procedure, QC criteria and reporting methods according to the latest USGS Lidar Base Specification. Before we start on each
task order, I make sure we have a production execution plan in place and communicate the expectation to the production
teams. During production phase, I meet with the teams on regular basis to ensure all quality procedures are followed,
milestone dates are met, and our production resources are adequate.”
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 43 of 66
Benjamin Downey, CP
Project Manager/Project Staging and Control (PSC) Coordinator
Professional Profile:
Benjamin has served as a Project Manager for Fugro since 2019, navigated his projects through a pandemic with minimal
disruption. He is experienced in planning, estimating, and managing complex Geo-data projects (lidar, orthos, obliques,
planimetrics and 3D modelling). He is also managing several federal and state IDIQ contracts, namely the North Central Texas
Council of Governments and NOAA contracts. Benjamin’s focus and priority is customer satisfaction. His early experience in
customer service, before graduating from college, provided the foundation and skillset for looking at a project backwards;
meaning “what is the benefit from the client’s point of view”? He has a great appreciation for the investment in Fugro each
time there is a tasking and is committed to providing the customer with the best data possible, first-time-right. He stays up-
to-date with market trends and standards and maintains a great professional attitude while being team-focused.
Experience: Hired at Fugro: 2008
Total years’ experience: 15
Education: Highschool graduate, South Forsyth High School, GA
BS, Geography, University of Georgia, 2007
Registrations and
Certifications: Certified Photogrammetrist (CP)
Equipment and Software
Experience:
ArcMap, ArcPro, Global Mapper, ERDAS Imagine, Leica XPro, Pushbroom Imaging Sensor
processing, Frame Imaging Sensor processing, Lidar processing, RADAR processing
Professional/Project Experience:
Hurricane Harvey Orthos, NOAA NGS, 2019-2020
Porject Manager: "I joined this project mid-stream, but was able to guide Fugro through several innovative processes to
successfully complete this complex Geo-data program. This was the first project NOAA NGS coordinated a contractor-led
ortho and bathy collection effort. It was also the first project NOAA NGS selected a contractor to work on the Continually
Updated Shoreline Project (CUSP), normally performed by NOAA personnel and equipment. I worked diligently to ensure that
our production team had clear understanding of technical specifications, data production support and a clear line of
communication from the production team to the client to ensure client satisfaction.”
Hurricane Michael, NOAA NGS, 2019-2021
Project Manager: "I worked with a conglomeration of different contractors to collect imagery in Florida for a majority of
Florida’s Gulf Coastline. While managing this project, I was able to connect with industry partners to experience the various
technical approaches, communications, and quality reviews as they relate to Geo-data programs. This insight allowed me to
measure Fugro’s current Geo-data practices as compared to our colleagues in the same technical field. This greatly advanced
my project management portfolio as it gave awareness into the different ways to effectively manage and deliver products.”
Virginia Information Technology Agency (VITA), Virginia Base Mapping Program, 2016-2020
PSC Coordinator: “The VITA Contract was a complex Geo-data program that included the collection and delivery of orthos,
lidar, obliques, planimetrics, contours, and 3D models. My responsibilities included the creation of detailed flight plans,
ground control layouts, the calculation of production metrics required to complete the job, manage cost, the allocation of
production resources, and creation of each production schedule. I divided my time between project design and project
management. This gave great opportunity to plan and manage various task orders issued through the VITA contract. I was
responsible for coordinating and managing the task orders while maintaining a clear line of communication with the VITA
contract participants (City, County, and State GIS Managers). Communication was equally important as building the accurate
and quality product. My daily activities included outreach to the contract participants and stakeholders to be sure they were
educated on the production processes and aware of the production schedule and status. I worked to identify project
challenges and coordinated creative solutions meetings (with client involvement) to see each challenge through to success.
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 44 of 66
Suzee Parsons, CP
Project Staging and Controls Manager
Professional Profile:
Suzee supervises all aspects of project planning, staging, and control - from initial tender response through project execution,
providing plans, technical parameters, and direction for photogrammetric and remote sensing projects. Her responsibilities
include but are not limited to, financial management, acquisition and survey planning, subcontractor outreach and
management, project design and technical feasibility, inter-department coordination, and technical management. Suzee has
immense experience in managing timelines, budget, team dynamics/development, and quality assurance, to ensure projects
transition smoothly. In addition, she continues to participate in continued education, by attending industry webinars and
conferences, reviewing the latest geospatial publications and journals, and participating in several federal specification
working groups and technical exchange forums.
Experience: Hired at Fugro: 2001
Total years’ experience: 22
Education: MPS, Geographic Information Systems, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 2016
BS, Geographic Science, James Madison University, 2001
Registrations and
Certifications: Certified Photogrammetrist (CP), #1536
Equipment and Software
Experience:
ArcGIS, Xpro, ImageStation, AutoCAD, Microstation, Blue Marble Geographics, Pixel Factory,
SimActive, OrthoVista, Terrasolid, RiParameter, Aeroplan, Pictovera, Adobe Photoshop, QGIS,
Leica ADS, Leica ALS, Leica City Mapper, RCD30, UltraCam, DMC, Phase One, Riegl, Midas, A3
Professional/Project Experience:
Virginia Information Technology Agency (VITA) Virginia Base Mapping
PS&C Manager: “I provided oversight on all aspects of estimating and project planning to provide commonwealth-wide, 4-
band orthoimagery at 3”, 6” and 12” pixel resolutions and a wide range of buy up mapping deliverables including lidar,
planimetrics, increased resolution imagery, building footprints, impervious surface mapping, and other GIS database layers. I
ensured that projects were planned to customer specifications and provided our survey subcontractors, production
department and aviation department with boundaries, tiling schemes, detailed flight plans and control survey plans to ensure
tasks were carried out accurately and on time.”
Arizona Grand Canyon Digital Orthoimagery (2021 collection, Task Order 140G0221F0062, Contract G17PC00015)
PS&C Manager: I was responsible for flight planning and estimating the 2021 Grand Canyon project, considering the unique
challenges present in the Grand Canyon in terms of terrain, airspace, and river flow level coordination. My previous experience
serving as Imagery Technical Lead on the Grand Canyon 2013 Ortho Imagery project (task order G13PD00082) proved
indispensable, as I was able to take lessons learned from a production department standpoint and apply this to the early
phases of project procurement and execution.”
US Geological Survey (USGS) Geospatial Products and Services V.3
PS&C Manager: “I am responsible for developing both technical and financial proposals for all USGS task orders, which have
included QL2, QL2+, QL1 lidar as well as NHD compatible mapping from IfSAR data. I rely on my vast experience with the
USGS lidar base specifications to guarantee that all federal, state and local projects requiring USGS specifications meet or even
exceed those requirements and can be seamlessly integrated into the USGS 3DEP program.”
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 45 of 66
Guy Meiron, PE
Science and Technology Manager
Professional Profile:
Guy is responsible for all production departments including compilation, orthophotography, lidar, graphics edit (GIS), quality
and project management. He has also worked closely with the aviation, accounting, sales, and marketing department
including assisting in the preparation of proposals, presentation of capabilities to potential clients, compliance with contract
terms and conditions, project setup, communicating specifications, monitoring and reporting progress, schedule, and budget
compliance, coordinating project teams, revenue recognition and invoicing, and project closeout for all projects. He ensured
optimum project performance and client satisfaction and effective solutions were developed for project problems that may
develop. He ensured a positive work environment was maintained which promoted high performance standards and fostered
individual and team development between all those involved in project activities. He keeps Fugro’s remote sensing and
mapping division at the forefront of technology by participating in various geospatial conferences including ILMF, ASPRS and
various UAV conferences as well as webinars on the latest geospatial technologies.
Experience: Hired at Fugro: 1990
Total years’ experience: 32
Education: BS, Aerospace Engineering, Parks College of St. Louis University, 1989
Registrations and
Certifications: Professional Engineer (PE) South Dakota #6594 (1998)
Equipment and Software
Experience:
Sensors: Leica ALS, Leica CityMapper, Leica ADS, PhaseOne, Riegl Q680i, VQ1560i. MiDAS
Software: ArcMap, ArcGIS Pro, SIMmetry, AutoCAD, Global Mapper, and FugroViewer. Leica
MissionPro, Leica Aeroplan, Riegl RiParameter, GoogleEarth Pro, QGIS, Microsoft Office Suite
Professional/Project Experience:
Washington D.C. OCTO Orthos, Lidar, and Planimetrics 2021
Science and Technology Manager: Assisted the entire production team in the execution of the project from flight planning
recommendations, processing advice and worked closely with the orthophoto department on the implementation of
CATALYST software to not only automate our true orthophoto production workflow but provide the highest quality
orthophotos ever produced for DC OCTO.
Horry County, SC Orthos, Obliques, Lidar, and Planimetrics 2019 - 2021
Science and Technology Manager: Assisted the entire production team in the execution of the project from flight planning
recommendations, processing advice and the S&T team worked closely with the customer to successfully implement our
oblique viewing software on the client’s servers.
Virginia Information Technology Agency (VITA) Virginia Base Mapping Program (2017 – 2020)
Science and Technology Manager: Assisted the production team through the entire project lifecycle. Guy worked with the
production team to implement quick look processing of the orthophotos and posting on Fugro Access our project tracking
portal so the customer could review quick looks of the imagery online within days of acquisition. Fugro implemented many
improvements in the lidar processing to reduce labor while enhancing the quality of the product.
USGS, Geospatial Products and Services Version 3, Contract No. G17PC00015
Science and Technology Manager: The Science and Technology department assisted the production team through the entire
project lifecycle. The S&T team work closely with the production team to implement new lidar processing procedures to more
accurately boresight lidar data while saving production hours as well as enhanced hydro extraction and processes for hydro-
flattening the data. We also wrote and/or modified many in-house programs to meet the latest USGS standards as they
evolved.
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 46 of 66
Nora Csanyi May, PhD, CP
Sr. Systems/Geodetic Engineer
Professional Profile:
Nora’s responsibilities include developing processing workflows and algorithms for new systems/solutions and improving
existing workflows, developing and testing prototype tools, as well as system calibration of various mapping systems. She is
also responsible for providing technical oversight for production, resolving technical issues, and developing training materials
and training other employees. She also provides global and regional data quality and system support, geodesy support and
technical advice globally within Fugro. Nora is dedicated to ensuring customer satisfaction by providing excellent quality and
accurate products and adhering to industry best practices and standards.
Experience: Hired at Fugro: 2007
Total years’ experience: 21
Education:
PhD, MS, Geodetic Science, The Ohio State University, 2007
MS, Surveying and Geoinformatics Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and
Economics, Hungary, 2001
Registrations and
Certifications:
Certified Photogrammetrist (CP #1497), by the American Society for Photogrammetry and
Remote Sensing
Equipment and Software
Experience:
Sensors: Leica ALS, Leica ADS, Leica CityMapper, Leica TerrainMapper, Riegl Q680i, VQ-780i
and VQ-1560i, MIDAS
Software: MATLAB, MicroStation, TerraSolid products, ArcMap, ArcGIS Pro, Leica Aeroplan,
Leica CloudPro, Leica HxMap, Riegl Lidar Processing Suite, Erdas Imagine, OrthoVista, Applanix
POSPAC, Novatel Inertial Explorer, StellaCore PictoVera, Global Mapper, Geographic
Calculator, eCognition Developer, BayesMap StripAlign, WavEx, GoogleEarth Pro, Microsoft
Office Suite
Professional/Project Experience:
USGS, Geospatial Products and Services Version 3, Contract No. G17PC00015
Geodetic Engineer: Under GPSC 3, after successful completion of the 5-year GPSC 2 IDIQ that the USGS awarded to Fugro, we
are providing mission critical products and professional mapping services to support the evolving and expanding needs of the
USGS and its partners. To date this has included 8 lidar-based task orders totaling over 43,800 sq. mi. that meet or exceed
USGS specifications for QL2, QL2+, and QL1; and 2 projects to extract NHD compatible mapping from IfSAR data in Alaska.
She served as the geodetic engineer on this project and provided technical oversight and guidance to the production team to
ensure project specifications were met. She was responsible for making sure our Lidar systems were well calibrated
throughout the collection and resolving any technical issues that arose. She worked on implementing new Lidar data
adjustment workflow to more accurately and more efficiently boresight Lidar data. She also conducted multiple training
sessions on processing workflows to team members.
Lidar Survey of Sint Maarten
Geodetic Engineer: The objective of this project was to collect high resolution, highly accuracy airborne topographic Lidar
data and bathymetric Lidar data for the entire island of Sint Maarten. The purpose of this project is to assist the Government
of Sint Maarten (GoSXM) with improving disaster and climate resilience through the development of tools and modeling
systems supporting engineering scale analysis of coastal and hydrological systems throughout the island. These tools will
promote an improved understanding of these natural systems to inform development and land use decisions and promote
improved engineering design of infrastructure. She worked on this project as the geodetic engineer. Multiple Fugro offices
were involved, and it was a very challenging project due to the project location and extremely tight accuracy requirements.
She was responsible for the calibration of the Lidar system, overseeing the GPS/IMU processing, checking the ground control
survey results, and adjusting the Lidar data to ensure project specifications and accuracy requirements were met.
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 47 of 66
Mike Rusenko
Aviation Business Manager
Professional Profile:
Mike serves as the aviation business manager at Fugro. He has extensive experience planning and directing all aerial sensor
and airborne GPS acquisition missions and managing Fugro’s flight crews, aircraft, aerial camera systems, and GPS systems. He
is an experienced pilot and sensor operator and has completed thousands of aerial data acquisition projects. Managing the
development and incorporation of a variety of airborne sensors into the airborne data acquisition process, Mike established
technical and quality control procedures, hardware and software configurations, and personnel training. This range of
experience enables Mike to advise clients concerning the best solutions for projects and to provide the technical direction and
leadership necessary to ensure that projects are completed successfully, and the final product fulfills all expectations.
Experience: Hired at Fugro: 1975
Total years’ experience: 48
Education: Coursework/Photogrammetry, Photography, Geography, Urban Planning, Montgomery
College/1973
Professional/Project Experience:
VITA, Virginia Base Mapping Program
Aviation Manager: Fugro is the selected vendor for the Virginia Information Technologies Agency (VITA) / Virginia Base
Mapping Program (VBMP) to acquire, process and delivery geospatial data products to the Commonwealth and participating
agencies. The contract term is 2017 - 2020 providing commonwealth-wide, 4-band orthoimagery at 3”, 6” and 12” pixel
resolutions and a wide range of buy up mapping deliverables including lidar, planimetrics, increased resolution imagery,
building footprints, impervious surface mapping, and other GIS database layers.
TXDIR, GIS Hardware, Software, and Services Contract
Aviation Manager: Under this contract Fugro has been awarded 7 projects when combined total over 19,000 sq mi of lidar
elevation products meeting the required TNRIS specification, similar to the USGS QL2+, with added classifications and
accuracy requirements. As a contractor to both agencies, Fugro worked with the USGS and TNRIS partnerships to execute
jointly funded programs that met these hybrid specifications. Imagery task orders have resulted in the delivery of over 4,000
sq. mi of 6” imagery, over 16,000 sq. mi of 12” imagery, and planimetric mapping.
USACE, National Guard Base (NGB) / NGB Armory Sites
Aviation Manager: Fugro has been issued 7 TOs for airborne imagery/orthoimagery, lidar and planimetric mapping of
multiple NGB Installations and Armouries, many requiring coordination to access restricted airspace. Each year we are tasked
to perform a number of these projects and have mapped (SDSFIE compliant) over 100 NGB/Armory sites in the last 3 years.
Washington DC, Photogrammetric Mapping/GIS Database Update
Aviation Manager: Fugro acquired 3-inch, 4-band orthoimagery, and QL2 lidar over the Washington DC and collected 3-D
1"=100' scale planimetric data for the purpose of updating the District's orthoimagery base map and GIS layers. Fugro
acquired the imagery in the Spring of 2017 during leaf-off conditions. Fugro generated stereopair imagery and compiled 3D
planimetric features, updating their GIS database. The process included management of the existing data provided by the
District, generating stereo-pair imagery, performing a change analysis and compiling features to update the Esri geodatabase.
Lidar was acquired in the Spring of 2018 during leaf-off conditions.
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 48 of 66
Doug Johnson, CP
Senior Flight Manager
Professional Profile:
Since starting at Fugro, (formally Horizons Aerial Surveys) in 1988, Doug has been an aerial photographer, color lab manager,
Flight Operations Supervisor and currently the Senior Flight Manager. Throughout his career, Doug has literally worked his
way from the ground up and back down, now doing advanced logistical support, weather forecasting and dispatching flight
crews for optimum results. While keeping his Certified Photogrammetrist current, he continually advances his career by
keeping at the forefront of technology and by being engaged in the mapping community. Participating in continuing
education, webinars, and podcasts are ways he remains current in his respective practice. Doug works as a liaison between the
project managers and flight crews keeping all abreast of the working situations while progressing towards smooth data
acquisition.
Experience: Hired at Fugro: 1988
Total years’ experience: 44
Education:
BA Geography, University of Minnesota – Minneapolis 1978
Physical Geography emphasis, University of Minnesota – Duluth 1974-1976
Highschool graduate John A. Johnson High School, St. Paul, MN
Registrations and
Certifications:
American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS) Certified
Photogrammetrist (CP)
Equipment and Software
Experience: Excel, AutoCAD
Professional/Project Experience:
Eastern South Dakota Lidar, Phase 1 & 2 +19000 sq miles; USGS 4/2020-present
Senior Flight Manager: “I worked with FBOs making advanced arrangements for the aircraft and flight crews. Dispatched
crews when ground conditions were acceptable. The challenge is making use of the short weather window between the spring
snow melt, river flooding and trees budding and leafing out.”
James River Basin, ND Lidar, Phase 9; 11,910 sq miles; USACE 11/2020-4/2021
Senior Flight Manager: “My responsibilities included FBO coordination based on fuel and hangar costs. Then weighing
conditions as to when to mobilize flight crews. We had 4 different aircraft utilizing 2 different sensor types, so we needed to
make sure they flew the proper blocks for acquisition."
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 49 of 66
Nick Nearman
Geospatial Technical Lead
Professional Profile:
Nick’s primary duties include the QA-QC of remote-sensing acquired data and data pre-processing, including GNSS-IMU
trajectory processing. He has extensive experience in GNSS-IMU field-operations and processing techniques to produce the
best possible accuracy for each project. He continually researches new GNSS practices to produce the highest level of accuracy
and efficiency to support current and future projects. Secondary duties in this role include assisting in lidar boresight,
aerotriangulation and product development. Nick maintains a strong understanding of current mapping standards, coordinate
system and datums. He frequently attends vendor and mapping industry webinars to stay up to date on standards and
mapping trends.
Experience: Hired at Fugro: 2003
Total years’ experience: 20
Education: BA, Geography, University of Nebraska, 2000
Equipment and Software
Experience:
Sensors: Leica ALS, Leica ADS, Riegl 1560i/680/780, PhaseOne
Software: ESRI, BlueMarble, MicroStation, TerraSolid, Applanix, Waypoint
Professional/Project Experience:
Grand Canyon River Mapping Projects 2003, 2009, 2014, and 2021
Sensor Operator/Ground Control Operator, QA/QC, and Project Manager: ISTAR and Fugro were tasked with the collection
of orthophotography and topography of ~277 miles of the Colorado River between Lake Powell and Lake Mead by the Grand
Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) of the USGS. “In 2003, I participated in the flight-planning, aerial image and
ground control collection. Between 2009 and 2021 my role was to assist in project pre-planning, day-to-day acquisition
strategy, field QA-QC and reporting. This project presents several challenges to overcome regarding timing and logistics.
Within a typical allowance of ~9 days for completion of the project, our crews must manage the effects of extreme terrain and
sun-angle restrictions, airspace, weather and river-flow requirements to achieve project specifications.”
Alaska Statewide Mapping Project 2010 - 2014
Aerotriangulation Specialist: With the assistance of ISTAR/Airbus, Fugro was tasked to utilize archival and newly collected
SPOT-5 satellite imagery to produce base mapping for the entire state of Alaska. The satellite frame imagery was imported
into Pixel-Factory software, developed by ISTAR, and processed from aerotriangulation to orthophotography generation. “I
participated in all aspects of the project and developed a workflow and documentation to support future satellite mapping
projects.”
Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry (OMNR&F) 2013 - 2018
Geospatial Technical Lead: 5-year contract (2013-2018) to acquire haze-free, leaf-off, snow/ice-off (spring) aerial acquisition
of digital 4-band (R/G/B/IR/Pan) aerial orthoimagery. The 4-band imagery is acquired with the Leica ADS100 digital sensor
and processed to produce 20cm pixel resolution. Over 195,000 sq. km. of imagery was acquired, processed, and delivered on
schedule, within the prescribed budget, and meeting all specifications and quality expectations. “I assisted in the flight-
planning, GNSS-IMU processing, acquisition QA-QC and data pre-processing throughout the entire course of the project.”
Virginia Information Technology Agency (VITA) Virginia Base Mapping Program
Geospatial Technical Lead: Fugro was the chosen vendor for the VBMP contract from 2017 - 2020 providing commonwealth-
wide, 4-band orthoimagery at 3”, 6” and 12” pixel resolutions and a wide range of buy-up mapping deliverables including
lidar, planimetrics, increased resolution imagery, building footprints, impervious surface mapping, and other GIS database
layers. “I assisted in the flight-planning, GNSS-IMU processing, acquisition QA-QC and data pre-processing throughout the
entire course of the project.”
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 50 of 66
David L. Jendras
Technical Lead
Professional Profile:
David serves as a technical project lead for both lidar and oblique imaging projects. His extensive experience with production
workflows for both passive and active airborne sensors allow him to easily move between projects of varying requirements. In
2016, David furthered his education in GIS and remote sensing, and received a graduate certificate of professional studies in
Geographic Information Systems from Northeastern University. He continues to stay on top of industry-leading geospatial
software and news, and strongly believes in Fugro’s goal to create the best, most accurate geo-data product for their
customers. He’s committed to continually improving his workflow efficiency, product quality, and product accuracy for
creating an authoritative geo-data product.
Experience: Hired at Fugro: 2009
Total years’ experience: 14
Education:
Highschool graduate, Century High School, Sykesville, MD
BA in Geography & Environmental Planning, Towson University, 2008
GISP, Northeastern University, 2016
Registrations and
Certifications: Geographic Information Systems Professional Studies Certificate (GISP)
Equipment and Software
Experience:
Sensors: Leica CityMapper, Trac’Air MiDAS, Leica ADS, Leica ALS, PhaseOne, Riegl 1560i.
Software: ArcGIS Desktop, ArcGIS Pro, Applanix POSPAC, Novatel Inertial Explorer, Hexagon
HxMap, MicroStation, TerraSolid, Skyline PhotoMesh, StellaCore PictoVera, SOCETSET,
OrthoVista, SIMmetry
Professional/Project Experience:
Cambria County Pennsylvania Obliques 2016-2018
Technical Lead: As a technical lead, “I helped lead production workflow for delivery of multi-resolution, 5-look oblique images
and 3D models to Cambria County, Pennsylvania for their 3D GIS Base Mapping and e911 program.” Responsibilities included
initial data QC and coordination with flight crews and project managers, GPS/IMU processing, radiometric correction, aero-
triangulation (AT) QC, and 3D model reconstruction using AWS cloud processing.
Entergy Post Hurricane Laura Transmission Lidar and Imagery Survey 2021
Aerotriangulation Specialist: "My responsibilities included performing precise image aero-triangulation (AT) measurements
for a predominately single-swath corridor flight plan using only lidar-derived ground control points. The processed lidar data
needed to be manually inspected for optimal GCP derivation and sampled with the overlapping, bundle-adjusted frame
imagery for use in aero-triangulation. The AT results required a thorough QC prior to delivery to a contractor for orthoimage
processing.”
Lake Ontario Survey and Mapping Services for US Army Corp of Engineers 2017
Technical Lead: “I helped lead production workflow for delivery of 6-inch multi-view oblique imagery of the United States
coast of Lake Ontario for the USACE. The 4-band imagery was collected using the Leica City Mapper and processed through
Hexagon HxMap software. This project required tight trajectory accuracy for direct geo-referencing.”
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 51 of 66
Todd Giesey
Technical Lead-AT
Professional Profile:
Todd has worked as a stereo-plotter technician, aerotriangulation technician, compilation supervisor, and technical lead for
aerotriangulation. He participates in continued education and training to keep at the forefront of technology in the field of
Photogrammetry. Todd now focuses on continued improvement of production workflows to create the best, most accurate
Geo-data product. He is committed to continually improving the AT workflow efficiency and product accuracy for creating an
authoritative Geo-data product.
Experience: Hired at Fugro: 1989
Total years’ experience: 34
Education: High school graduate, Douglas High School, Box Elder, SD
AS, Computer-Aided-Design, Western Dakota Tech, 1989
Equipment and Software
Experience: ArcGIS, Leica Xpro, Orima, AutoCAD, KLT Atlas, MicroStation, Socet Set
Professional/Project Experience:
Washington D.C. OCTO Orthos, Lidar, and Planimetrics 2021
Compilation Lead: Responsible for collection of 1"=100' scale planimetric data for the purpose of updating the District's
orthoimagery base map and GIS layers. Fugro acquired the imagery in the Spring of 2017, 2019, and 2021 during leaf-off
conditions. Fugro generated stereopair imagery and compiled 3D planimetric features, updating their GIS database. The
process included management of the existing data provided by the District, generating stereo-pair imagery, performing a
change analysis and compiling features to update the Esri geodatabase.
NOAA Florida Shoreline Mapping
Compilation Lead: Technical lead for planimetric collection. Project scope required to provide digital shoreline covering 1617
miles of both high and low water levels for nautical charts.
Northwest U.S. Various Mine Site Mapping and Cartographic Editing
Compilation Lead: Todd has 32 years of experience with update mapping on numerous mines. Mine updates occur monthly,
quarterly and annually, with several requiring rapid turnaround which Todd has consistently led with speed and accuracy.
US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Photogrammetric and Lidar Mapping and Surveying
AT and Compilation Technical Lead: 5-year IDIQ (2016-2020) contract to provide the USACE high quality mapping products.
Task orders (TOs) include wide area lidar for over 27,000 sq. mi. in ND and SD (2 TOs), imagery acquisition and processing
including leaf-on and leaf-off ortho imagery (7 TOs) and high density lidar of hundreds of National Guard bases, armories, and
installations throughout the US.
Virginia Information Technology Agency (VITA) Virginia Base Mapping Program
AT and Compilation Technical Lead: Fugro was the chosen vendor for the VBMP contract from 2017 - 2020 providing
commonwealth-wide, 4-band orthoimagery at 3”, 6” and 12” pixel resolutions and a wide range of buy-up mapping
deliverables including lidar, planimetrics, increased resolution imagery, building footprints, impervious surface mapping, and
other GIS database layers.
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 52 of 66
Kirk Spell, CP
Orthoimagery Technical Lead
Professional Profile:
Kirk is experienced in creating and managing complex orthoimagery projects He has led production teams, workflows and
development that meet or exceed industry and client expectations. His vast experience with imagery collection and processing
techniques gives him unique insight to expected or potential client needs. His goals are to create the best, most accurate and
quality Geo-data product for Fugro customers. He is committed to continually improving their workflow efficiency, product
quality, and product accuracy for creating an authoritative Geo-data product.
Experience: Hired at Fugro: 1993
Total years’ experience: 30
Education:
Dakota Western Technical
Black Hills State University
South Dakota School of Mines and Technology
Registrations and
Certifications:
Certified Photogrammetrist - ASPRS
Mapping Scientist, Remote Sensing - ASPRS
Equipment and Software
Experience:
Software: Autodesk, ArcGIS, Global Mapper, GeoExpress, Catalyst, Multiple Proprietary
software packages, Microsoft office, Leica XPRO, Erdas, Geographic Calculator, Atlas,
Orthovista
Professional/Project Experience:
Virginia Information Technology Agency (VITA) Virginia Base Mapping Program (VBMP)
Ortho Technical Lead: “I was responsible for developing and implementing workflows for production over several years
covering multiple deliveries of varying areas at different resolutions.” Fugro was the chosen vendor for the VBMP contract
from 2017 - 2020 providing commonwealth-wide, 4-band orthoimagery at 3”, 6” and 12” pixel resolutions and a wide range of
buy-up mapping deliverables including lidar, planimetrics, increased resolution imagery, building footprints, impervious
surface mapping, and other GIS database layers.
US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Photogrammetric and Lidar Mapping and Surveying
Ortho Technical Lead: “I led production for ortho products, using various sensors, over multiple years with delivery to the
client on time and within the required technical specifications.” This program operated under a 5-year IDIQ (2016-2020)
contract to provide the USACE high quality mapping products. Task orders (TOs) include wide area lidar for over 27,000 sq. mi.
in North Dakota and South Dakota (2 TOs), imagery acquisition and processing including leaf-on and leaf-off ortho imagery (7
TOs) and high density lidar of hundreds of National Guard bases, armories, and installations throughout the US.
Washington, D.C., Office of the Chief Technology Officer Photogrammetric Mapping/GIS Database Update
Ortho Technical Lead: "I successfully led production on this project since it’s award. Using lessons learned from each year, and
working closely with software developers, I have consistently been able to improve both product quality and turnaround time
to exceed client expectations.” Fugro acquired 3-inch, 4-band true orthoimagery, and QL2 lidar over the Washington D.C. and
collected 3-D 1"=100' scale planimetric data for the purpose of updating the District's orthoimagery base map and GIS layers.
Fugro acquired the imagery in the Spring of 2017, 2019, and 2021 during leaf-off conditions. Fugro generated stereopair
imagery and compiled 3D planimetric features, updating their GIS database. The process included management of the existing
data provided by the District, generating stereo-pair imagery, performing a change analysis and compiling features to update
the Esri geodatabase. QL2 lidar was acquired in the Spring of 2018 during leaf-off conditions and QL1 lidar in the Summer of
2020.
Arizona Grand Canyon Digital Orthoimagery
Ortho Technical Lead: “I led multiple awards on this project over my 28 years with Fugro, each award I gained more insight to
unique issues involved with this geographic area. The deliverables over the years are still considered a high-level standard for
Grand Canyon imagery.”
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 53 of 66
Jonathan Helta, CP
Technical Lead
Professional Profile:
Jonathan is a trusted team member, project leader, and overall geospatial knowledge source for multiple departments. He
recently became a member of ASPRS, became a Certified Photogrammetrist, and attends conferences and webinars to remain
current in the highly technical field. He is consistently developing new workflows to improve efficiency and adapting to
changing specifications. He is professional, maintains good relations with co-workers, and can be counted on for input,
expertise, and assistance with problem solving. During production and through the feedback process, he strives for clear and
timely communication to ensure the client’s needs are met.
Experience: Hired at Fugro: 2000
Total years’ experience: 23
Education: BS, Environmental Analysis and Planning, Frostburg State University, 1997
Registrations and
Certifications: Certified Photogrammetrist (CP), GIS Certificate, Penn State University
Equipment and Software
Experience:
ArcMAP, MicroStation Connect, Riegl Lidar Processing Suite, Leica CloudPro, Global Mapper,
Erdas Imagine, LP360, Geocue, TerraSolid Lidar Processing Suite
Professional/Project Experience:
USGS Southwest South Dakota, Lidar 2018 - 2021
Technical Lead: "This project was for the USGS and required five blocks over the course of five years to complete. After data
acquisition was complete, I was responsible for boresighting individual lifts and performing block adjustments on multiple lifts
to ensure relative and absolute control specifications were met. The data was then processed through a unique macro to auto-
classify the ground. I was then in charge of a team that visually QC’d the results and performed any additional edits. I created
final products including DEMs, intensity images, classified point clouds, and authored various metadata and
accuracy reports. The project was a challenge in incorporating the temporal differences over a five-year project. Blocks need to
be processed so that the data was seamless between deliveries. Tying these blocks together when hydro features and
vegetation may have changes over time made processing very complex. Over the course of the project different sensors were
also used. Each sensor type and serial number has its own idiosyncrasies and blending those from lift to lift and block to block
required great attention. In the end, the USGS has been pleased with the results and requested only minor fixes to the data.
Based on our performance, over the last few years the USGS has contracted Fugro for additional work in both Dakotas and
multiple sites in Maryland and Virginia."
USACE National Guard Bases and Training Centers, Lidar 2018 - 2021
Technical Lead: This is a series of contracts that has involved many separate sites all over the country. I am responsible for
handling the data from acquisition to the final deliverables which includes various point cloud datasets, various DEM types,
and other ancillary deliverables. The challenge in this project is in the complexity of processing that is involved in having sites
all over the country. Because of this diversity, the client requires a unique horizontal and vertical projection, layout, and units
for each site. As a result, each site becomes its own project which means a massive duplication of effort. Data management is
critical to keep all sites moving forward on schedule and geared towards the client’s unique specifications. Special tracking
was developed to keep the project on schedule and budget. The client has been satisfied and has requested additional sites as
a result.
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 54 of 66
Lynn Baker, CP, CPT
Cartographic Supervisor, Team Lead
Professional Profile:
Lynn worked as a production analyst for a short time before advancing to a supervisory position, leading a team of 9
cartographic editors. Her extensive experience in the spatial cartography field involved the management and creation of
topographic contours, topologically correct planimetrics. Lynn participates in continued education, webinar sessions, and
company-sponsored training to be sure she maintains current in her respective practice. Her goals are to create the best, most
accurate and quality Geo-data product for Fugro’s customers. She is committed to continually improving the cartographic
team workflow efficiency, product quality, and product accuracy for creating an authoritative Geo-data product. Lynn
participates in technical forums, NGTOC Technical Exchange meetings, NSGIC EDH Working Group: USGS 3DHP and webinars
to be sure she maintains current in mapping technology and standards.
Experience: Hired at Fugro: 1978
Total years’ experience: 45
Education: Highschool graduate, Einstein High School, Kensington, MD, 1971
BA, University of Maryland, 1975
Registrations and
Certifications:
ASPRS Certified Photogrammetrist #1343
ASPRS Certified Photogrammetric Technologist # 1332
Equipment and Software
Experience:
ArcGIS, ArcPro, Data Reviewer, MicroStation, TerraSolid modules, TerraScan and TerraModeler,
AutoCAD, Global Mapper
Professional/Project Experience:
Washington D.C. OCTO Orthos, Lidar, and Planimetrics 2021
Cartographic Spatial Team Lead: “I’ve work on the DCOCTO planimetric data since 1995 up to the present 2021 job. The
project included updating the District’s planimetric features every two years in a GIS database. The process included
management and coordination between the compilers and vector team for creating the GIS database to the District’s
standards and specifications. The production process included generating stereo-pair imagery, performing a change analysis
and compiling features to update the Esri Geodatabase.. The biggest challenge was ensuring all the client topology rules were
followed correctly.”
Horry County, SC Orthos, Obliques, Lidar, and Planimetrics 2016 - 2021
Cartographic Spatial Team Lead: "My responsibilities included ensuring the compiled data is converted to an Arc format,
which is edited in GIS and verified using Arc topology to check for coincident features.”
Virginia Information Technology Agency (VITA) Virginia Base Mapping Program (2017 – 2020)
Cartographic Team Lead: Fugro is the selected vendor for the Virginia Information Technologies Agency (VITA) / Virginia Base
Mapping Program (VBMP) to acquire, process and delivery geospatial data products to the Commonwealth and participating
agencies. The contract term is 2017 - 2020 providing commonwealth-wide, 4-band orthoimagery at 3”, 6” and 12” pixel
resolutions and a wide range of buy up mapping deliverables including lidar, planimetric, increased resolution imagery,
building footprints, impervious surface mapping, and other GIS database layers. “My responsibilities included the creation and
quality control of 1’ and 2’ contours generated over stereo compiled digital elevation models, breaklines and mass points. The
final product was delivered in shapefile and geodatabase formats.”
USGS, Geospatial Products and Services Version 3, Contract No. G17PC00015
Cartographic Spatial Team Lead: Under GPSC 3 “I managed, trained and provided technical guidance to the
production/hydro team for producing the monotonic hydro breakline data collection efforts for flattening stream, river, lakes
and ponds within the USGS lidar data project areas. We closely follow the USGS on their specification update to be sure our
production processes align with USGS requirements. Before we start on each task order, I make sure we have a production
execution plan in place and communicate client expectations to the production teams. During production phase, I meet with
the teams on regular basis to ensure all quality procedures are followed.
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 55 of 66
David Stuck
Imagery Department Supervisor
Professional Profile:
David leads the Rapid City lidar processing department as supervisor of imagery production. His 25 years’ experience in this
field allows him to successfully manage multiple teams on complex projects. His goals are to create the best, most accurate
and quality Geo-data product for Fugro customers. He is committed to continually improving their workflow efficiency,
product quality, and product accuracy for creating an authoritative Geo-data product.
Experience: Hired at Fugro: 1996
Total years’ experience: 25
Education: Highschool graduate, Rapid City Central High, Rapid City, SD
Equipment and Software
Experience:
Software: ArcGIS, Global Mapper, GeoExpress, Microstation, Terrascan, Terramodel, Catalyst,
Multiple Proprietary software packages, Microsoft office, Leica XPRO, Erdas, Geographic
Calculator
Professional/Project Experience:
Virginia Information Technology Agency (VITA)
Program Imagery Supervisor: David was responsible for the coordination of staff and resources for Geo-data production.
Directing production over several years covering multiple deliveries of varying areas at different resolutions was a complex
task that David’s experience was well suited to. Fugro was the chosen vendor for the VBMP contract from 2017 - 2020
providing commonwealth-wide, 4-band orthoimagery at 3”, 6” and 12” pixel resolutions and a wide range of buy-up mapping
deliverables including lidar, planimetrics, increased resolution imagery, building footprints, impervious surface mapping, and
other GIS database layers.
US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)
Imagery Supervisor, Production Analyst, and Terrain Lead: David coordinated local team resources to process and deliver
lidar and ortho products over multiple years with delivery of products on time. The USACE contract is a 5-year IDIQ (2016-
2020) contract to provide the USACE high quality mapping products. Task orders (TO’s) include wide area lidar for over 27,000
sq. mi. in ND and SD (2 TO’s), imagery acquisition and processing including leaf-on and leaf-off ortho imagery (7 TO’s) and
high density lidar of hundreds of National Guard bases, armories, and installations throughout the US.
Washington, DC, Office of the Chief Technology Officer
Imagery Department Supervisor: David coordinated imagery production over multiple years. Fugro acquired 3-inch, 4-band
true orthoimagery, and QL2 lidar over the Washington DC and collected 3-D 1"=100' scale planimetric data for the purpose of
updating the District's orthoimagery base map and GIS layers. Fugro acquired the imagery in the Spring of 2017, 2019, and
2021 during leaf-off conditions. Fugro generated stereopair imagery and compiled 3D planimetric features, updating their GIS
database. The process included management of the existing data provided by the District, generating stereo-pair imagery,
performing a change analysis and compiling features to update the Esri geodatabase. QL2 lidar was acquired in the Spring of
2018 during leaf-off conditions and QL1 lidar in the Summer of 2020.
Rapid City South Dakota Orthoimagery, Obliques, Lidar and Planimetrics
Imagery Department Supervisor and Lidar Lead: David coordinated production teams for both Imagery and local Lidar
processing resources. The City of Rapid City contracted with Fugro for new 6-inch, 4-band orthophotography, lidar data for
development of DEM/DTM and 2-foot contours, 6 inch 4-way oblique imagery, and planimetric mapping at a scale of 1”=100’
for the city and surrounding area. Imagery was acquired at 4,800’ AMT with the ADS digital sensor. Color and CIR, 6-inch pixel
orthoimagery was processed and delivered on time as were all planimetric mapping products.
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 56 of 66
Mark Buhrke, RPLS, CH, MSc, MBA
Chief Surveyor
Professional Profile:
Mark is a registered Professional Land Surveyor and Certified Hydrographer with more than 25 years’ experience in the energy
industry. He has global experience with conventional, acoustic, lidar and GNSS surveying systems in terrestrial, near shore and
marine environments for construction, dimensional control, geodetic and site survey projects; and extensive experience with
data processing, algorithm development and software testing. His current responsibilities include development,
implementation and maintenance of operating procedures; evaluation of new technology and leadership in the operational
progression of “ready to market”; establishing and enforcing quality standards in compliance with applicable corporate
policies, company work instructions, and state and federal laws and rules. Mark also manages a Data Services group.
Experience: Hired at Fugro: 1995
Total years’ experience: 33
Education:
2001 – 2005 University of Houston – Victoria, Master of Business Administration
1989 – 1991 University of Florida, Master of Science in Civil Engineering
1986 – 1989 University of Florida, Bachelor of Science in Surveying and Mapping
1983 – 1985 Florida International University, Associate of Arts
Registrations and
Certifications: Surveyor: Florida #5663, Acquired on 10/03/96.
Professional/Project Experience:
Neuhaus No. 2 Well Survey, Lavaca County, Texas
Registered Professional Land Surveyor: Fugro provided regulatory and survey services for this project. Final deliverables were
plats to submit to USACE for permitting purposes.
Tennessee Gas P/L Lonestar Comp Stations 4 and 12, San Patricio County, Texas and Jackson County, Texas
Registered Professional Land Surveyor: The Tennessee Gas Pipeline Company needed boundary and topographic survey
services to support land acquisition, design, and engineering of a proposed compressor station (CS-4) located in San Patricio
County, Texas and compressor station (CS-12) located in Jackson County, Texas. The scope of work consisted of a boundary
survey for five (5) sites and topographic surveys of the two (2) sites that were finally selected. The boundary survey included a
signed and sealed plat with legal description and separate topographic surveys for each site.
Faith – Toro Common C Pad, Dimmit County, Texas
Registered Professional Land Surveyor: Fugro collected survey data for proposed well locations DIM C 9HU and DIM C 10HU.
A topographic survey was collected over the proposed pad with a shot collected every 50 feet. Fugro also staked out the
revised proposed Faith – Toro locations.
Yana West Water Impound, Dimmit County, Texas
Registered Professional Land Surveyor: Fugro collected survey data to prepare plats for the proposed Faith – Yana West
Water Impoundment. Fugro surveyed in the fence lines and created a work area as per dimensions shown on a plat provided.
Fugro also staked out the proposed water impoundment area and conducted a topographic survey over the area with spacing
approximately every 50 feet. A magnetometer survey was also conducted.
Faith – San Pedro Common Pad D, Dimmit County, Texas
Registered Professional Land Surveyor: Fugro collected survey data for proposed well location. A topographic survey was
collected over the proposed pad with a shot collected every 50 feet.
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 57 of 66
Maison Collins
Chief Pilot
Professional Profile:
Masion started his aviation career in 2013 when he studied aerospace and started with flying as a Corporate Pilot for Rocky
Mountain Line Services in Central Wyoming. Throughout his career, he has worked in General, Corporate, and Private Aviation
accomplishing thousands of hours of flying throughout the U.S, Canada, and Mexico. Maison's focus has been in aerial
acquisition, and he continually advances in his career by keeping at the forefront of technology and by being engaged in
Aviation community. He actively participates in continued education, flying groups, and recurrent training to be sure he
maintains current in his respective practice, continually striving to be the best in the professional aviation and survey field. As
Fugro’s Chief Pilot, his goals are to support client initiatives in creating the best, most accurate, and quality Geo-data products.
He is committed to continually improving his workflow efficiency, product quality, and product accuracy for creating an
authoritative Geo-data product.
Experience: Hired at Fugro: 2018
Total years’ experience: 10
Education:
Sim-com Flight Training Orlando, FL (November 2018) PA-31-350, SimCom Flight Training
Orlando, FL December 2019, April 2021, April 2023 for Cessna Conquest C441, (March 2022
ATOC or Air Tactical Operations Command) Cider City, UT High School Gillette Campbell
County (2007) Never failed a check ride or written flight exam. No FAA violations, accidents or
incidents.
Registrations and
Certifications:
FAA Commercial Pilot Airplane, Instrument, Single Engine Land, Multi-Eng Land, FAA High
Performance/Complex, and Tailwheel FAA First Class medical, U.S passport, FCC Radio License,
RVSM High Alt
Equipment and Software
Experience:
C441, PA31, C310, C210, C206, C182, C180, C172, DA40, and PA18. All Garmin lines G3000,
G1000, G750, G796, G650, G600, G500, G530 and G430.
Professional/Project Experience:
Total Flight Time: 3500 PIC: 3400+ Multi-Eng:1900 Single-eng:1600 Multi-Eng Turbine PIC: 700 Cross Country: 1500 Night:
180 Instrument: 60 Simulated Instrument: 76 Ground Trainer/Simulator: 45 Tail Wheel: 550
Oversee and make sure Fugro adheres to all FAA regulations pertaining to the fixed wing aircraft fleet
As Chief Pilot: required to oversee all flight training to ensure all pilots stay current and proficient
Work closely with the Flight Operations team to coordinate maintenance, flight missions, airspace, and crew rotations
Coordinate flight missions inside some of the busiest and most restricted airspace in the US, Canada and Mexico and sure that
the pilots do not violate any airspace or restricted areas
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 58 of 66
Chris Fought
Sensor Operator
Professional Profile:
Chris has successfully completed numerous airborne acquisition projects of high complexity and with exacting timelines. His
responsibilities include primary remote sensing acquisition, researching locations of the existing government control network,
coordinating with flight crews, and on-site surveying utilizing survey GPS units. Additionally, he is trained to operate the Leica
series of cameras and lidar systems, the Riegl lidar series of sensors, Fugro’s proprietary lidar sensors (topographic and
bathymetric), and the TAGS dynamic gravity meter. His experience includes use of these sensors in Cessna 441 Conquest,
Cessna 310, Cessna 210, Piper Navajo, King Air 90 and 200, Gulfstream 200, Bell206B and 206L helicopters. In-flight
responsibilities include line navigation, sensor operation, flight planning/project coordination, and troubleshooting any issues
that may arise from system malfunction or anomalies. He has received extensive in-house training in flight planning, project
layout, aerial sensor operation, digital airborne GPS operation, and quality control.
Experience: Hired at Fugro: 2008
Total years’ experience: 16
Education: Attended South Plains Jr College -- IT program 1995
Attended Central New Mexico College -- GIS 2005-2006
Equipment and Software
Experience: FLI-MAP400, ADS80/100/120, SPL100, ALS80, and RIEGL lasers
Professional/Project Experience:
NOAA Shoreline Mapping TX2201 2021
Sensor Operator: Bathymetric survey collecting 50 lifts in the Laguna Madre of Texas with the Leica Chiroptera sensor.
Fugro is providing the USGS with planning, acquisition, processing, and derivative products of high resolution lidar data
(QL2+) collected at an aggregate nominal pulse spacing (ANPS) of 0.5 meters (4ppsm) over Bennett, Custer, Fall River, Haakon,
Jackson, Pennington, Shannon, and Todd counties in South Dakota totaling approximately 14,386 square miles (14,505 square
miles with buffer area). Lidar data and derivative products produced in compliance with this task order will be based on the
“National Geospatial Program Lidar Base Specification Version 1.2".
Texas Water Development Board (TWDB) Coastal Texas QL2+ Lidar Project 2018
Sensor Operator: Fugro was selected to deliver high-resolution QL2+ (Increase to 4ppsm and deliver hydro flattened DEM)
lidar elevation data over the 10,185 sq. mi. project covering Orange and Matagorda County along with Harris County and the
surrounding area. The project was affected by Hurricane Harvey; however, the data was delivered for its intended used for
flood modeling, on the agreed upon schedule. With new needs arising in Harvey’s wake, the imagery is also being used for
post-storm remediation, delineation of change introduced by the hurricane, and to map features in newly identified hazard
zones.
NOAA Hurricane Harvey Post Storm Imagery 2020 - ongoing
Sensor Operator: In the wake of Hurricane Harvey, NOAA NGS tasked Fugro to collect 772 sq. mi. tide coordinated digital
imagery data and process to support the Coastal Mapping Program (CMP), for an accurate and consistent shoreline. Currently
all orthoimagery has been acquired, processed and delivered. Fugro will perform all feature compilation using high quality
digital photogrammetric mapping systems to develop maps of the shoreline and associated natural and cultural features of
the coast meeting all specifications in NOAA Coastal Mapping Program’s Version 14A Scope of Work for Shoreline Mapping.
The Virginia Base Mapping Program (VBMP) Orthoimagery 2019
Sensor Operator: The Virginia Base Mapping Program (VBMP) has contracted with Fugro to acquire statewide aerial
photography for three flight years during a 4-year term (the 4th year is reserved for buy-up products and services. In 2018
Fugro acquired processed and delivered 16,430 sq. mi. of 12 inch 4-Band imagery. As a buy up option by the State an
additional 85 sq. mi. of 6 inch, and 300 sq. mi of 3 inch imagery was also delivered.
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 59 of 66
Debbie Wenner
GIS Analyst
Professional Profile:
Debbie joined Fugro in 2005 as a GIS analyst where she processes and edits various types of remote sensing data from
multiple sources to create products that meet or exceed contract requirements and client expectations. She provides cross
training, performs independent quality review of other staff members’ work, provides technical support, and performs project
management duties. Debbie is responsible for using remote sensing and GIS applications for land cover mapping, image-
based feature extraction, and processing and analysis of raster and vector data.
Experience: Hired at Fugro: 2005
Total years’ experience: 28
Education: MS, Geography, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 2001
BA, Geography, West Virginia University, 1995
Professional/Project Experience:
NOAA Shoreline Mapping: FL1305 Cedar Keys to Tarpon Springs, Florida 2018
GIS Analyst: This task order was for shoreline mapping for NOAA nautical charts and other uses. All digital imagery required
to compile new shoreline vectors for this project was supplied in digital form by the National Geodetic Survey (NGS). The work
under this task order includes surveying of ground control checkpoints, aerotriangulation (AT) of government supplied
imagery, compilation of both MHW and MLLW levels, feature attribution of the shoreline/alongshore features within the
project area (1,616 total shoreline miles) and preparing reports. $502,576
USACE Engineering Route Studies (ERS) 17 Countries 2017
GIS Analyst: Fugro produces these GIS heavy maps for the US Army Corp of Engineers and has completed hundreds of ERS
over the last 20 years while under contract with the USACE. This Task Order is for ERS production of 17 Individual Countries -
Laos, Nepal, Papa New Guinea, French Guiana, Lithuania, Venezuela, Syria, Lebanon, Egypt, Wake Island, Martinique, Moldova,
Saint Vincent & Grenadines, Turks & Caicos, Poland, Equatorial Guinea and Iraq. $233,000
NOAA Hurricane Harvey Post Storm Imagery 2020
GIS Analyst: In the wake of Hurricane Harvey, NOAA NGS tasked Fugro to collect 772 sq. mi. tide coordinated digital imagery
data and process to support the Coastal Mapping Program (CMP), for an accurate and consistent shoreline. Currently all
orthoimagery has been acquired, processed and delivered. Fugro will perform all feature compilation using high quality digital
photogrammetric mapping systems to develop maps of the shoreline and associated natural and cultural features of the coast
meeting all specifications in NOAA Coastal Mapping Program’s Version 14A Scope of Work for Shoreline Mapping.
$672,751.69
NOAA Coastal Change Analysis Program CCAP LU/LC Skagit County, WA
GIS Analyst: Fugro was tasked by NOAA OCM to provide land cover and change data products used to assess urban growth,
map and inventory wetlands, delineate wildlife habitat, determine changes in land cover over time, and more. Land cover data
is produced to be taxonomically correct and consistent with the simplified C-CAP Coastal Land Cover Classification
System. The total AOI for this mapping is approximately 1,800 sq. mi. excluding the coastal water. $79,960
Texas Coastal Benthic Mapping, NOAA 2016
GIS Analyst: This project for NOAA involved mapping benthic (underwater) habitats, primarily seagrasses, along the southern
Texas coast using digital true color and color IR orthoimagery. The project developed semi-automated mapping methods to
map seagrass beds and other underwater habitats in the estuarine systems along the coast. Ms. Wenner was involved in the
editing and geoprocessing steps of the project. $420,000
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 60 of 66
9. Additional Information
9.1 Lidar Value Add Products
9.1.1 Improved Classifications
Improved lidar point classification is a process to take newly collected (or existing) lidar data and
manually select and classify lidar points beyond standard specifications. Improvements can be
made to existing classifications by performing detailed analysis of the point cloud and applying
the appropriate classification to that point. Improvements may include:
Buildings
Optional Vegetation (trees and shrub)
Optional Roads
Optional Utilities
9.1.2 Building Classification
Building classification runs through a series of automated and manual routines to improve newly
collected (or existing lidar) point clouds to highlight the detail of buildings and the surrounding
features. The detail in the classification is determined by the time spent on each building and the
available point density covering the structure.
9.1.3 Building Footprints
Fugro provides building footprint services by performing a mixture of automated and manual
production tasks to create vector building footprint data from existing lidar data. Production
tasks include:
Review and QC of building classification in the LAS data
Convert LAS points to raster datasets
Convert raster to polygon
Perform building footprint regularize
QC inspection of results
Manual compilation tasks for higher definition building outlines
Optional building footprint data products include:
Building footprint attributes to include Highest building Point (HP), Highest Adjacent
Grade (HAG) and Lowest Adjacent Grade (LAG) as compared to the bare earth.
Building footprint centroid point
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 61 of 66
9.1.4 Building Flattened DEM
In urban, suburban, and rural areas, buildings and other structures can significantly influence the
elevation data captured by traditional digital elevation models (DEM). Due to their height and
vertical structures, buildings may create spikes or irregularities in the elevation model. Often
times the elevation data is interpolated where buildings exist, making it difficult to accurately
assess the underlying terrain or land surface. This interference can impact various applications,
such as flood modeling or landscape visualization.
To overcome this challenge, a building-flattened DEM is generated by digitally removing the
elevation values associated with buildings from the original DEM. This process involves
identifying the location and extent of buildings within the dataset and assigning a consistent,
uniform elevation value to those areas. By flattening the elevation of the buildings, the resulting
DEM provides a more accurate representation of the bare terrain or natural surface.
9.1.5 Lidar-derived 3D Building Models
Buildings will be collected to LOD1 specifications.
The source data, classified LAS tiles from the project in which the ground and building points are
classified, is used to produce building models.
Fugro utilizes proprietary software to extract the building footprints. The initial footprint shapes
are then simplified and regularized using ArcGIS tools and reviewed / modified to improve the
quality and accuracy.
9.1.6 Highest Adjacent Grade Lowest Adjacent Grade
Fugro provides a service to extract HAG/LAG values for buildings/structures using the ground
and building classifications and elevation information from the classified lidar point cloud. The
structures could be existing vector data that the customer provided or newly generated building
footprint vectors derived from the same lidar data set. When using existing structure vectors,
Fugro will review and can also update the vector data prior to the HAG/LAG process. The HAG
and LAG information will be assigned to the vectors as attributes. This service can be provided
on-demand basis or as bulk process for the full data set.
9.1.7 Lidar-derived 1-foot Contours
Fugro’s contour experience dates back 60 years when providing contour data was the core
product line offered from aerial imagery by way of photogrammetric compilation
methods. Today Fugro utilizes a handful of technologies and processes to generate contour
data. Utilizing the high density lidar, technicians generate contour key points that best represent
the ground features and combine automated and manual editing tasks for adding breaklines,
smoothing or fixing spikes. Contour data techniques are defined by client specifications and
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 62 of 66
Fugro has the experience and technical capability to package the data tailored to the localized
requirements.
Utilizing Fugro trained cartographic enhancement personnel, the contour production process
begins with the input of the lidar data and Digital Terrain Model (DTM) surfaces as a base and
ends with the generation 1-foot contours. The process continues through production and quality
control activities and ends when the identified tasks are completed, archived to the network, and
the Project Manager, Production Analysts and Geospatial Team Lead conduct a final
review/approval of the product. Production tasks include:
Input criteria review to determine if input data is suitable to create contours
Preparation of lidar and breakline data for contour generation
Optional hydro breakline improvements (including the collection of single-line streams)
Contour key point generation
Contour generation
Contour finishing and QC
9.1.8 Input Criteria Review
An initial inspection of the input data will verify data is suitable for contour generation and all
information received meets the following standards:
Lidar inspection for quality, accuracy, and completeness
Hydro breakline inspection to ensure breakline data correctly represents hydro features
as compared to the bare earth DEM
Features will be interpreted correctly and QC’d for incorrect elevations. Flagged
elevations will be fixed before submission to contour generation steps
Data will cover the entire area, without gaps or overlaps, and will contain all data required
to fill the client-specified project boundary with any relevant overage
Data will adhere to client-specified production parameters (including accuracy standards)
9.1.9 Preparation of Lidar and Breakline Data for Contour Generation
Preparing the lidar and breakline data for contour generation consists of the following activities:
Duplicate input dataset to maintain the integrity of the original lidar data.
Inspect DTM to be sure all elements collected are on the ground. Any features
considered floating, digging or do not have an elevation attribute will be removed from
the DTM or may result in rejecting source data for proper contour generation.
9.1.10 Enhanced Hydro-breakline Collection
To improve the results from the lidar-derived contour generation, Fugro is proposing the
collection of additional hydro features:
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 63 of 66
15-ft wide stream
½ acre ponds and lakes
15-ft to 10-ft wide single-line stream collection for contour improvement
(not all streams collected)
Lidar data consists only of points, which are not suitable to define water flow through the terrain,
but hydro breaklines are suitable for current hydrologic and hydraulic (H&H) modeling
practices. Hydro breaklines are required to flow in a downhill direction and may deviate from the
underlying lidar terrain surface. The elevation components of the breaklines are derived from the
lowest adjacent bare-earth lidar point. Hydrographic features are collected as separate feature
types which can be classified as water body polygons, centerlines and bank lines and digitized
into a shapefile.
9.1.11 Pavement Breaklines
Edge of pavement breakline data collection is applied where needed to improve the quality and
accuracy of the contour data. While we recognize the importance of pavement breakline
collection, it is not always needed to improve the contour data results. Here is a general
workflow for pavement breakline collection:
Create initial Contours using contour key points (KCP) (described later)
Load Intensity image; (and/or recent Orthos, if made available).
Review the initial contours and imagery, to check if we need to collect breaklines to
support contours in the pavement areas
Collect edge of pavement (EOP) breaklines (only where needed) based on the edited
Lidar points.
Rerun Contours using EOP breaklines and CKP, and QC
9.1.12 Contour Key Point Generation
Contour generation in MicroStation using TerraSolid begins with the project setup to include
preparing software packages to receive input data, set storage criteria, input tile layouts, project
details and the contour key point macro creation. The contour key point macro parameters are
set to select points from the LAS file that best represent the ground features for contour
generation.
Contour key points are classified as “Class 8” with input criteria that best represents the project
specifications and client preferences for contour aesthetics. This process analyzes points on the
ground in groups and selects the point that best represents the bare earth while eliminating
points unnecessary for generating contours.
Contour interval set to 1-foot
Adjust contour key processing sensitivity to manage accuracy versus aesthetics
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 64 of 66
(1=accurate … 100=aesthetically pleasing)
9.1.13 Contour Generation
Breakline data is imbedded and buffered to two times the density to select and remove key
points that coincide with the breakline vector data to force the contour location to the breakline
during contour generation.
Internally the program creates a tin overlapping the tiles by using the neighboring points to
ensure the contours tie. This overlap is inspected for any anomalies or errors that may cause the
contour data to misalign. Any misalignments are corrected for a seamless transition of contour
data between tiles.
9.1.14 Contour Finishing and QC
Contour data will cover the entire area of the entire project boundary
Levels and symbology will be classified in accordance the identified layering symbology
Topology checks to verify data set will not contain gaps, overlaps, overshoot, undershoot,
crossing contours, self-intersect (i.e., butterfly) and multipart errors
Data leaving the cartographic enhancement department and going to the client will meet
the following additional minimum requirements
Contours will be edited as necessary and reflect the ground surface
Deliverables will be in an Esri Geodatabase and DWG formats
9.1.15 Optional Vegetation Canopy Height and Density Raster
Vegetation Height - Shows the elevation of the first return vegetation points. Can be done at the
same resolution as the DEM lidar nominal pulse spacing but generally scaled to 3X the lidar
nominal post pulse spacing to reduce noise. Product deliverables include unclassified raster,
classified raster (classification customized to client) and classified vector shapefile.
Vegetation Density – Raster output from lidar data at a GSD of 3x the lidar nominal post
spacing. Shows the number of lidar points from the vegetation class/all points within the defined
pixel size and outputs a value of 0.0 -1.0, 0.0 having no vegetation (no density) 1.0 having only
vegetation points (high density). Product deliverables include unclassified raster, classified raster
(classification customized to client) and classified vector shapefile.
9.1.16 Optional Slope Raster and Vector Data
Degree or percent of slope derived from a lidar DEM. Newly collected (or existing) lidar data is
used to calculate the steepness of a hillside. Product deliverables include:
Unclassified raster
Classified raster (customized for client), and
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 65 of 66
Classified vector
The slope raster and vector data deliverable consist of a calculation of the maximum rate of
change in value from neighboring cells. Low values represent flat terrain while higher values
represent steeper terrain. Fugro will work with the client to determine the output raster
calculation (units, degrees or percent rise).
City of Bozeman, Montana
246058 01 | Digital Orthoimagery and Lidar Acquisition
Page 66 of 66
10. Affirmation of Nondiscrimination & Equal Pay