HomeMy WebLinkAbout05-24-23 TB Agenda & Packet MaterialsA.Call to Order - 6:00 PM
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B.Disclosures
C.Changes to the Agenda
D.Public Service Announcements
E.Approval of Minutes
E.1 I move to approve the April 26, 2023 Transportation Board Meeting Minutes (Ross)
F.Consent Items
G.Public Comments
This is the time to comment on any matter falling within the scope of the Transportation Board.
There will also be time in conjunction with each agenda item for public comment relating to that
THE TRANSPORTATION BOARD OF BOZEMAN, MONTANA
TB AGENDA
Wednesday, May 24, 2023
General information about the Transportation Board can be found in our Laserfiche repository.
If you are interested in commenting in writing on items on the agenda please send an email to
agenda@bozeman.net or by visiting the Public Comment Page prior to 12:00pm on the day of the
meeting.
Public comments will also be accepted in-person and through Video Conference during the appropriate
agenda items.
As always, the meeting will be streamed through the Commission's video page and available in the
City on cable channel 190.
For more information please contact Nick Ross, nross@bozeman.net
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item but you may only speak once per topic. Please note, the Board cannot take action on any
item which does not appear on the agenda. All persons addressing the Board shall speak in a civil
and courteous manner and members of the audience shall be respectful of others. Please state
your name and place of residence in an audible tone of voice for the record and limit your
comments to three minutes.
General public comments to the Board can be found on their Laserfiche repository page.
H.Special Presentations
H.1 Proposed Fiscal Year 2024 Budget - Department of Transportation and Engineering (Nick
Ross, P.E. - Transportation and Engineering Director)
I.Action Items
I.1 Resolution 5495 to increase permit fees in the University Residential Parking Permit District
and the Bozeman High School Residential Parking Permit District(Veselik)
J.FYI/Discussion
J.1 Shared Micromobility Policy Recommendations(Ross)
K.Adjournment
This board generally meets the fourth Wednesday of the month from 6:00 pm to 8:00 pm.
Citizen Advisory Board meetings are open to all members of the public. If you have a disability and
require assistance, please contact our ADA coordinator, Mike Gray at 406-582-3232 (TDD 406-582-
2301).
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Memorandum
REPORT TO:Transportation Board
FROM:Nicholas Ross, Director of Transportation and Engineering
SUBJECT:I move to approve the April 26, 2023 Transportation Board Meeting Minutes
MEETING DATE:May 24, 2023
AGENDA ITEM TYPE:Minutes
RECOMMENDATION:I move to approve the April 26, 2023 Transportation Board Meeting Minutes
STRATEGIC PLAN:1.1 Outreach: Continue to strengthen and innovate in how we deliver
information to the community and our partners.
BACKGROUND:Minutes from the April 26, 2023 Transportation Advisory Board.
UNRESOLVED ISSUES:None
ALTERNATIVES:As recommended by the board.
FISCAL EFFECTS:None
Attachments:
042623 Transportation Board Meeting Minutes
Report compiled on: May 9, 2023
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Bozeman Transportation Board Meeting Minutes, April 26, 2023
Page 1 of 4
THE TRANSPORTATION BOARD MEETING OF BOZEMAN, MONTANA
MINUTES
April 26, 2023
Present: Christine Roberts, Courtney Oyler, Kelly Pohl, Paul Reichert, Cyndy Andrus
Absent: None
Excused: Bryce Gordon, Shannon Mahoney
Staff present at the Dias: Director of Transportation and Engineering Nicholas Ross, Mayor Cyndy
Andrus, Transportation Engineer Taylor Lonsdale and Public Works Office Manager Marcy Yeykal.
A) 00:03:45 Call to Order - 6:00 PM
B) 00:03:55 Disclosures
C) 00:04:02 Changes to the Agenda
00:04:11 Chair Pohl asked the board to excuse board members Bryce Gordon and Shannon
Mahoney from tonight's meeting.
00:04:21 Motion to approve C) Changes to the Agenda to excuse board members Bryce Gordon and
Shannon Mahoney.
Courtney Oyler: Motion
Paul Reichert: 2nd
00:04:26 Vote on the Motion to approve C) Changes to the Agenda The Motion carried 4 - 0.
Approve:
Christine Roberts
Courtney Oyler
Kelly Pohl
Paul Reichert
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Bozeman Transportation Board Meeting Minutes, April 26, 2023
Page 2 of 4
Disapprove:
None
D) 00:04:37 Public Service Announcements
00:04:50 Director of Transportation and Engineering Nicholas Ross gave an FYI to the board.
00:08:07 Chair Pohl wanted to remind everyone that there is a vacancy on the board.
E) 00:08:41 Approval of Minutes
E.1 I move to approve the March 22, 2023 Transportation Board Meeting Minutes
032223 Transportation Board Meeting Minutes
00:08:51 Motion to approve E) Approval of Minutes
Paul Reichert: Motion
Courtney Oyler: 2nd 00:09:03 Vote on the Motion to approve E) Approval of Minutes The Motion carried 4 - 0.
Approve:
Christine Roberts
Courtney Oyler
Kelly Pohl
Paul Reichert
Disapprove:
None
F) 00:09:14 Consent Items
G) 00:09:16 Public Comments
There was no public comment.
H) 00:10:02 Special Presentations
I) 00:10:07 Action Items
I.1 UDC Project - Receive Information, Review, and Offer Input Regarding the Update to the
Unified Development Code, Chapter 38, Bozeman Municipal Code to Address Potential
Changes to Standards Relating to Numbers of Parking Spaces, Application 21381
4-26-2023 Transportation Board Work Session cover memo .pdf
00:10:14 Staff Presentation
Community Development Manager Chris Saunders presented the UDC Project - Receive, Review and
Offer Input Regarding the Update to the Unified Development Code, Chapter 38, Bozeman Municipal
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Bozeman Transportation Board Meeting Minutes, April 26, 2023
Page 3 of 4
Code to Address Potential Changes to Standards Relating to Numbers of Parking Spaces, Application
21381.
00:21:40 Questions of Staff
00:22:01 Vice Chair Reichert made a disclosure about being on the MSU Board of Directors.
00:33:25 Public Comment
00:33:46 Marilee Brown, Public Comment
Marilee Brown commented on not having parking requirements and the ramifications it could have
especially with the winter we have had this past year.
00:36:08 Board Discussion
J) 00:55:54 FYI/Discussion
J.1 00:56:08 Kagy Revisited Work Session
KagyRevisitedMemo.pdf
Kagy_Draft_Traffic_Report.pdf
Director of Transportation and Engineering Nicholas Ross presented the Kagy Revisited Work Session.
01:43:46 Questions of Staff
02:05:53 Public Comment
There was no public comment.
02:06:25 Chair Pohl Extended the meeting until 8:30.
J.2 02:06:37 Bozeman is a Bicycle Friendly Community
BFC_Fall_2022_ReportCard_Bozeman_MT.pdf
02:07:02 Staff Presentation
Transportation Demand Management Coordinator Candace Mastel Presented the Bozeman is a Bicycle
Friendly Community.
02:20:54 Questions of Staff
02:28:48 Public Comment
There was no Public Comment.
K) 02:29:08 Adjournment
This board generally meets the fourth Wednesday of the month from 6:00 pm to 8:00 pm.
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Bozeman Transportation Board Meeting Minutes, April 26, 2023
Page 4 of 4
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Memorandum
REPORT TO:Transportation Board
FROM:Nick Ross, P.E. - Director of Transportation and Engineering
SUBJECT:Proposed Fiscal Year 2024 Budget - Department of Transportation and
Engineering
MEETING DATE:May 24, 2023
AGENDA ITEM TYPE:Plan/Report/Study
RECOMMENDATION:Review proposed fiscal year 2024 Budget for Department of Transportation
and Engineering
STRATEGIC PLAN:2.2 Infrastructure Investments: Strategically invest in infrastructure as a
mechanism to encourage economic development.
BACKGROUND:Director Ross will present a draft of the proposed fiscal year 2024 budget for
the Department Transportation and Engineering. The draft budget will be a
preview of the full presentation given to Commission in June.
This special presentation is intended for informational purposes only.
Advisory Board review and input of the capital portion of the fiscal year
budget occurred through the FY23 Capital Improvement Plan process during
the fall of 2022.
UNRESOLVED ISSUES:N/A
ALTERNATIVES:N/A
FISCAL EFFECTS:Multiple fiscal effects will be presented.
Report compiled on: May 17, 2023
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Memorandum
REPORT TO:Transportation Board
FROM:Mike Veselik, Economic Development Program Manager
Nick Ross, Transportation and Engineering Director
SUBJECT:Resolution 5495 to increase permit fees in the University Residential Parking
Permit District and the Bozeman High School Residential Parking Permit
District
MEETING DATE:May 24, 2023
AGENDA ITEM TYPE:Resolution
RECOMMENDATION:I move to recommend the City Commission adopt Resolution XXXX to
increase permit fees in the University Residential Parking Permit District and
the Bozeman High School Residential Parking Permit District
STRATEGIC PLAN:7.5. Funding and Delivery of City Services: Use equitable and sustainable
sources of funding for appropriate City services, and deliver them in a lean
and efficient manner.
BACKGROUND:The Transportation Advisory Board acting as the Parking Commission advise
the City Commission on permit fees in the residential districts. Staff's goal in
operating the district is to have permit fees cover the costs of the district.
Recently, staff readjusted how the budget is calculated to determine fees for
the district. More information is included in the attached memo and
spreadsheet.
UNRESOLVED ISSUES:No Unresolved issues
ALTERNATIVES:Alternatives as proposed by the board
FISCAL EFFECTS:The increase in the fees will allow us to accurately pay for the program
Attachments:
RPPD and BHS FY23 Budget.xlsx
Resolution 5495 MSU and BHS Residential Permit Fees.docx
TAB Memo--Permit Rates for RPPD and BHS Permit Districts
FY24.doc
Report compiled on: May 18, 2023
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FY23 BUDGET
REVENUE FY 23 BUDGET FY 23 ACTUAL
%
EARNED
YTD
RESIDENTIAL NGHBD. PERMITS 36,743.00$ $30,810.00 84%
EMPLOYEE NGBHD. PERMITS 6,000.00$ $5,970.00 100%
VISITOR NGBHD. PERMITS 14,730.00$ $8,160.00 55%
TOTAL 57,473.00$ 44,940.00$ 78%
EXPENDITURE FY23 BUDGET FY23 ACTUAL
% SPENT
YTD
ADMIN - PERSONNEL 52,076.57$ 47,736.86$ 92%
ADMIN - OPERATING 16,000.00$ 13,505.20$ 84%
TOTAL 68,076.57$ 61,242.06$ 90%
RESIDENTIAL PARKING PERMIT DISTRICT
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Version February 2023
RESOLUTION 5495
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF BOZEMAN, MONTANA, to
increase permit fees in the University Residential Parking Permit District and the Bozeman High
School Residential Parking Permit District
WHEREAS,the Residential Parking permit districts were established in Bozeman
Municipal Code Sec. 36.04.360 and Sec. 36.04.365 to ensure residents had access to on-street
parking in their neighborhoods.
WHEREAS,the Parking Commission and City Commission are responsible for establishing
permit rates in said districts as stated in in Bozeman Municipal Code Sec. 36.04.360(F) and Sec.
36.04.365(F).
WHEREAS, the Parking Program is an enterprise fund and therefore must generate
revenue to cover the costs of operating the program. Best practice in the industry is that permit
fees pay for operating permit districts and enforcement fines pay for enforcement operations.
WHEREAS, the program has seen a decline in the number of permits purchased and rising
costs in paying for the operations.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Commission of the City of Bozeman,
Montana, parking permit fees for all types of permits in both the University Residential Parking
Permit District and the Bozeman High School Parking Permit District are increased by $5 to $35
per anuum with a $1.75 service fee included by the software provider. The total cost of a permit
for a year is $36.75,
PASSED, ADOPTED, AND APPROVED by the City Commission of the City of Bozeman,
Montana, at a regular session thereof held on the _____ day of ___________________, 20____.
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Version February 2023
___________________________________
CYNTHIA L. ANDRUS
Mayor
ATTEST:
___________________________________
MIKE MAAS
City Clerk
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
___________________________________
GREG SULLIVAN
City Attorney
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Page 1 of 2
MEMORANDUM
REPORT TO:Transportation Advisory Board
FROM:Mike Veselik, Economic Development Program Manager
RE:Resolution 5495 MSU and BHS Residential Permit Fees
MEETING DATE:May 24, 2022
AGENDA ITEM: Action Item
RECOMMENDATION: Recommend the City Commission increase the permit fees in
the two residential permit districts by $5 to cover increasing costs and falling permit
purchases.
BACKGROUND: City of Bozeman Parking Division staff held community
engagement session with residents of the University Residential Parking Permit
District (RPPD) and the Bozeman High School Permit District during Winter 2021.
At the time, residents asked for more transparency in the budgeting process for
permits in their districts.
Staff proposed formulating a new budget for how permit fees are allocated to cover
expenditures in the district. The permit fees would only cover the costs of
administering the district, not the cost of enforcing the district. Using permit fees for
administration and citation fees for enforcement is considered best practice in the
parking industry.
This year is the second year staff prepared a new budget for the district. It is
included in the packet for the Board’s consideration. The packet includes
information about fees collected over the last year and the costs for running the
district.
RESIDENTIAL PARKING PERMIT DISTRICT FEES: Staff is recommending the
Transportation Advisory Board increase permit fees by $5 for FY2024. As reflected
in the budget presented, permit sales were below staff’s initial estimates for the
2022-2023 permit cycle.
For several years before, staff had tracked declining permit sales, except for an
uptick last year. The uptick in permit sales is attributed to a well organized
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Page 2 of 2
neighborhood association that assists in promoting permit sales, finance staff
distributing renewal notices in a timely manner, and parking enforcement officers
providing consistent enforcement in the district especially when permit renewals
occur. However, this year, sales resumed the decreasing trend.
Staff has included money to develop a comprehensive parking management plan for
the city in the recommended FY24 budget. One goal of this program will be to
evaluate both residential parking permit districts. The evaluation would include
data collection, community engagement, and a recommendation for how to improve
the efficacy and performance of the district.
For the cost side of the budget, staff included personnel costs for the parking
manager and finance staff who administer the district. Parking staff process more
than 2,000 applications for parking permits in only a few weeks during renewal
season. Additionally, staff routinely assists residents with parking holidays, permit
renewals, and anything else that might arise in relation to the district. Finally, costs
also include a portion of the insurance and internal overhead costs the parking
division incurs.
Staff was able to eliminate the cost of a subscription fee for the software used to
administer permits through the transition to Passport. The fee for permits is now
included at the time of permit sale in a convenience fee of $1.75 for permits
renewed on an annual basis.
CONCLUSION: Staff has concluded based on the costs, permit sales, and projected
revenue into next year that the permit fees for both the University Residential
Parking Permit District and the High School District should increase by $5.
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Memorandum
REPORT TO:Transportation Board
FROM:Nick Ross, Director of Transportation and Engineering
SUBJECT:Shared Micromobility Policy Recommendations
MEETING DATE:May 24, 2023
AGENDA ITEM TYPE:Policy Discussion
RECOMMENDATION:Recommend support of staff recommendations to Commission.
STRATEGIC PLAN:4.5 Housing and Transportation Choices: Vigorously encourage, through a
wide variety of actions, the development of sustainable and lasting housing
options for underserved individuals and families and improve mobility
options that accommodate all travel modes.
BACKGROUND:Staff has worked with Cityfi on changes to the city's shared micromobility
policies. The Board had a work session with Cifyfi at the February meeting.
Cityfi provided the city with the attached City of Bozeman Shared
Micromobility Policy Toolkit. Staff reviewed this toolkit and developed
recommendations for updates to City of Bozeman policies related to Shared
Micromobility. Staff will review the attached 2023 Shared Micromobility
Policy Recommendations and answer questions from the Board.
UNRESOLVED ISSUES:None identified.
ALTERNATIVES:None identified or recommended.
FISCAL EFFECTS:None.
Attachments:
Bozeman Micromobility Policy Toolkit.pdf
Report compiled on: April 18, 2023
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City of Bozeman
Shared Micromobility
Policy Toolkit
March 2023
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Table of Contents
Background 3
Citywide Objectives 4
Big Ideas 5
Setting the Stage 7
History of Micromobility in Bozeman 7
Current Policy and Regulatory Landscape 8
State of the Industry 10
Market Realities 10
Evolving Business Models 10
Industry Consolidation 10
Operator Stickiness 10
Learning from Other Places 12
License Agreement Structures 12
Innovative Fee Structures 13
Parking Management Strategies 14
Data Sharing, Management, and Open Data 15
Policy Toolkit 16
Big Ideas 16
Big Idea 1: Broadened Regulatory Framework 17
1.1 Enable Future Form Factors 17
1.2 Update Operating Parameters within a Service Level Agreement 17
Big Idea 2: Single Multi-Year Operator 19
2.1 Shift to a Selective Procurement Process 20
2.2 Offer Incentives to Encourage Desired Behavior 20
Big Idea 3: Equitable Service Design 20
3.1 Identify Areas of Mobility Need 21
3.2 Require Community Outreach and Engagement 21
3.3 Establish Equitable Pricing Requirement 21
Big Idea 4: Orderly Parking Strategies 22
4.1 Establish Performance-Based Fleet Sizing 22
4.2 Formalize and Expand Micromobility Parking Program 22
4.3 Expand Designated Parking Zones 23
Big Idea 5: Iterative Learning through Data 23
5.1 Develop Data Sharing and Management Policy 23
5.2 Establish Reporting Requirements 23
Policy Toolkit Summary 24
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Background
The City of Bozeman contracted with Cityfi to align on a clear set of goals and objectives for
shared micromobility and to provide best-in-class shared micromobility policy and
programmatic recommendations to best position Bozeman for a sustainable and outcome-
centered partnership. The Shared Micromobility Policy Toolkit is a guiding document that
recommends new policies and regulations, procurement strategies, and management tools for
the Shared Micromobility Program’s 2023 and 2024 operating season. The Toolkit outlines
longer-term strategies that will establish a foundation on which Bozeman and its partners can
take a proactive approach towards managing, regulating, and guiding emerging mobility
services and programs. This framework is informed by an assessment of Bozeman’s past and
current shared micromobility rules and regulations, key trends in shared micromobility,
stakeholder engagement, and best practices for implementation and management.
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Citywide Objectives
Bozeman is one of Montana’s fastest growing cities and, now, one of the fastest growing
micropolitan statistical areas in the country. As the population and economy continues to grow
and diversify, residents and visitors seek a wider array of mobility options to get around
Bozeman. Bozeman is generally a car-dependent community, with the majority of work-based
and non-work based trips involving driving alone or carpooling. Up until Bozeman began
permitting scooters, public transit, operated by Streamline bus, was one of the few alternatives
available, with service limited to five fixed-route bus lines operating on 30-minute headways
during traditional business hours. Encouraging the use of shared micromobility gives residents
and visitors sustainable and affordable options to meet daily travel needs. It also advances
Bozeman’s commitment to environmental stewardship by decreasing drive alone trips, and
consequently pollution and congestion.
The Shared Micromobility Policy Toolkit will steer the Shared Micromobility Program towards
achieving broader citywide mobility, safety, and sustainability goals. These goals were
developed in close collaboration with City staff and reflect a long-term vision for the city. These
are to:
● Provide safe, convenient and low-emission options to get people where they need to go .
● Protect the safety and accessibility for all travelers - walking, rolling, or driving.
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● Reduce transportation costs and increased affordability and connectivity.
● Improve Bozeman as a great place to live, work, learn, play and do business.
● Strengthen Bozeman’s environmental stewardship.
Big Ideas
While shared micromobility is popular and increases mobility choice in Bozeman, the current
permitted system is not without its issues. Bozeman’s Shared Micromobility Toolkit provides a
menu of strategies to address key issues while ensuring the CIty can develop long-term,
invested partnerships with private sector micromobility vendors. The Toolkit is anchored by five
big ideas, each of which play a critical role in helping to realize the near- and long-term desired
outcomes of the program:
1 Broadened Regulatory Framework
2 Single, Multi-Year Operator
3 Equitable Service Design
4 Orderly Parking Strategies
5 Iterative Learning Through Data
These big ideas are anticipated to aid in addressing key concerns of current operations, improve
overall performance, and better position the Shared Micromobility Program for a future which
satisfies the aforementioned goals.
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Setting the Stage
As new mobility services and technologies come online, Bozeman is focused on steering
policies, programs, and pilots around the public’s interests. Achieving that outcome requires
identifying lessons learned from past pilot programs and assessing current state and local
policies and regulations.
History of Micromobility in Bozeman
Bozeman launched the state’s first shared scooter pilot program in Spring 2019 in partnership
with Blink Rides. The city used the pilot program as a means to evaluate existing regulatory
frameworks and operator requirements, test new methods for managing micromobility services,
and identify opportunities to refine the existing regulatory framework in service to community
goals and values. Starting with 65 e-scooters deployed across downtown and the fairgrounds,
the program later expanded to 150 devices.
Demand was initially strong during the pilot launch, signaling the community’s growing interest
in micromobility. During its first six weeks, the program saw over 3,000 app downloads (in a city
of roughly 50,000 residents), over 12,000 miles ridden, and more than 7,000 rides completed,
keeping pace with the industry standard utilization of three rides per device per day. Like many
other cities, Bozeman also experienced challenges while piloting micromobility solutions. Police
reported incidents of e-scooter misuse, such as sidewalk riding, parking violations, and
collisions involving other road users. By 2021, such reports surged. To address these concerns,
Blink implemented Red Zones - geofenced areas where scooters could not operate. Red Zones
included the Gallatin Valley Mall, the Montana State University campus, and the Downtown
parking garage. At the same time, Blink extended service hours to accommodate shift workers
who required additional travel options as they commuted outside of traditional working hours.
In February 2021, Bozeman passed its micromobility ordinance and partnered with Bird. As part
of the new permit cycle, Bozeman piloted a parking management strategy that required riders
traveling within downtown to end their rides in one of 15 designated parking zones sited along
key commercial corridors. Between 2021 and 2022, more than 10,000 unique riders have used
the service and traveled more than 100,000 miles.
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Current Policy and Regulatory Landscape
Montana state law generally devolves authority around traffic regulations and management of
the public right-of-way to local governments. State law defines and classifies e-bikes,
establishes licensure and insurance regulations, codifies helmet use and age restrictions, and
provides guidance on where e-bikes can travel. Under this arrangement, cities can test locally-
appropriate measures and play a proactive role in managing their shared micromobility
programs, such as establishing the fleet size and charging fees and determining where devices
are distributed.
Bozeman’s municipal code defines micromobility and motorized foot scooters based on the
physical attributes of existing form factors, such as size, wheel dimension, and low weight.
Ordinance 2072 establishes the City’s authority to create and regulate a Commercial Shared
Micromobility License. All operators must apply for and receive this license annually to operate
within City limits. The City Manager is authorized to establish permit application requirements
and the terms of operations, while the City Commission is authorized to set, by resolution, the
commercial shared micromobility license fees. Montana State University established a Personal
Transportation Device (PTD) Policy in 2020 that prohibits the use of privately-owned or
commercially-operated devices that lack the option for human-powered propulsion from being
used in certain parts of campus, which limits how Bozeman residents use shared micromobility.
Since the introduction of dockless shared scooters and bikes in the United States in 2017, many
cities have developed sophisticated, outcome-oriented rules and regulations to manage and
advance shared micromobility. Several Intermountain West communities have also recently
adopted policies to enable, expand, and further regulate shared micromobility operations in their
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jurisdiction that can help to inform future iterations of Bozeman’s program. Missoula’s
municipal code, for example, includes a more expansive definition for shared micromobility that
differentiates bicycles from different classes of e-bikes. It also includes prescriptive regulations
that inform deployment, vehicle safety features, and desired parking practices. The Billings MPO
completed a Bike & Scooter Feasibility Study to determine whether a bike or scooter share
system is an appropriate mobility solution. Completed in 2021, the study included an
assessment of different operating models and proposed recommendations on service area
boundaries, governance models, and program fee structure.
Appendix A summarizes the policy and regulatory landscape in greater detail.
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State of the Industry
Market Realities
Despite declines in ridership and revenue during the COVID-19 pandemic, the micromobility
industry is expected to recover as micromobility travel becomes a fixture in the mobility
landscape. The U.S. is predicted to dominate the global business-to-consumer shared mobility
market by 2027, with a market value of $2 billion.
Evolving Business Models
The most common shared micromobility models are business-to-consumer (B2C) docked
systems, typically for station-based bike share, B2C dockless systems, frequently used for e-
scooters and free-floating bike share, and B2C subscription models where users have access to
an individual vehicle for longer periods of time and for which they are responsible for storage.
Coupled with sensible, outcome-focused regulation, some business models are better suited
than others in meeting specific community needs. Larger cities with more mature markets, such
as Los Angeles, Seattle, and San Francisco, have implemented hybrid systems that combine
two or more models, thereby enabling micromobility providers and their partners to right-size
mobility solutions to diverse contexts. Bozeman may choose to pursue a hybrid model, though
community-centered shared micromobility systems require public investment to support
ongoing operations.
Industry Consolidation
The micromobility industry consolidation is accelerating as the market matures, with larger,
more entrenched providers acquiring smaller providers. Bird, Helbiz, and Lyft, all publicly-traded
mobility companies, engaged in acquisitions since 2019 to gain access to larger markets.
Earlier in 2022, German-based Tier acquired Spin (previously operating out of Ford Mobility).
Despite the scale of these acquisitions, many providers still struggle with profitability. From the
perspective of providers, these challenges are attributed to over- and under-regulated partners,
short-term tenders with public agencies, and the patchwork of city-by-city regulatory landscape
that impact their ability to scale operations.
Operator Stickiness
The micromobility market within the U.S. is dynamic, with providers entering and exiting
markets in response to changing demand and evolving regulations. Many cities, including
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Bozeman, experienced the seemingly overnight launch of these services. Now, many cities are
experiencing the opposite as more entrenched providers start to withdraw from international
markets and small to mid-size U.S. cities. In Fall of 2022, Bird ceased operations in several U.S.
cities, citing a lack of a “robust regulatory framework” as a key concern leading to too much
competition and an oversupply of vehicles on crowded streets. Spin exited 10 U.S. cities in
2022, which included large, established markets such as Los Angeles and Miami, due to low
demand, oversaturation of competitors, and challenging operating cost structures that limited
their ability to operate profitably.
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Learning from Other
Places
License Agreement Structures
Cities are beginning to shift towards goals-based selection processes as they transition from
pilots to more permanent micromobility programs. Contract terms are becoming longer and
fewer permits are made available, enabling cities to establish long-term partnerships and to play
a more prominent role in shaping program outcomes. Longer contract terms signal to mobility
providers a city’s level of confidence in the local market. It also signals to cities an operator’s
long-term investment and commitment to local operations. For example, Denver, which
previously allowed up to seven providers to operate during its initial pilot, recently issued two,
five-year licensing agreements for its shared micromobility program. In Pittsburgh, the city
offered exclusivity and other incentives to encourage mobility providers offering different
solutions to collaborate with one another to create all-in-one mobility hubs near transit stops.
Other cities, like Seattle and Denver, have used their license agreements to ensure a mix of
micromobility form factors, including e-scooters, e-bikes, pedal bikes, and other seated
rideables.
Seattle Scooter Share Data & Permitting Program
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Innovative Fee Structures
Permit fees, penalty fees, and incentives are key levers cities use in managing micromobilty
programs in service of community goals. Cities use innovative fee structures to incentivize
desired operator behavior. For example, in addition to a standard per-vehicle fee, the City of
Portland’s program includes a Right-of-Way Use Surcharge Fee, where providers pay a variable
rate per available scooter per day based on where the scooter is made available. Rates are
discounted for scooters deployed in low-income neighborhoods or transit deserts compared to
those deployed in the central city. With this fee structure, Portland has the ability to enable
equitable deployment while managing vehicle saturation in coveted, high-activity areas. Portland
invests surcharge fees in safe travel infrastructure, dedicated micromobility parking, and
expanding equitable access to the program. The City of Charlotte implemented dynamic parking
fees in lieu of standard permit fees. A reduced fee is charged for scooters placed in areas
directly linked to or within walking distance of major transit stops while higher fees are charged
for scooters placed in the downtown core. Fee structures and amounts should balance financial
burden on the operator with desired outcomes. Likewise, fee revenue should be used to manage
the shared micromobility program, ensure rider safety, and invest in equitable access programs.
Portland Bureau of Transportation e-Scooter Program
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Parking Management Strategies
As stewards of the public right-of-way, cities continue to test and implement micromobility
parking strategies that maintain the orderliness of their streets. Several cities have paired fleet
maangement, physical infrastructure, digital tools, and rider education to guide where vehicles
are deployed and parked. Many cities manage fleet sizes that balance reliability with order.
More recently cities have shifted from artificial fleet caps to either:
● Device density between 30-40 devices per square mile, adjusted up or down depending
on trip productivity
● Flexible fleet minimums that are adjusted according to key metrics, such as trips per
device per day, system maintenance, and parking compliance, among others
Santa Monica, Austin, and Denver converted underutilized parking spaces or on-street bike
corrals into geofenced, designated shared micromobility parking zones. Other cities have used
geofencing to manage where parking is not permitted. For example, Seattle disallows parking in
Pike Place Market–the city’s highest pedestrian corridor. Both solutions can be paired with user
incentives to encourage desired parking practices. More recently, cities have piloted universal
charging stations that would allow docking of both e-bikes and e-scooters.
City of Santa Monica E-Scooter Parking Corrals
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Data Sharing, Management, and Open Data
Cities generally require mobility providers to share trip, deployment, and baseline operations
data so they can effectively manage the public right-of-way. The industry standard is to require
data sharing using the Mobility Data Specification. Some cities are also requiring providers to
develop open data portals or compliance dashboards to allow staff and the general public to
monitor performance. In many cases, cities use program fee revenue to subscribe to
micromobility data platforms that evaluate system performance and enable basic system
management functions, such as real-time geofencing and drafting digital policies.
As part of its permit program, San Francisco required providers to contribute to the San
Francisco Shared Mobility Dashboard, which provides publicly available data on trip origins and
destinations, citations, and deployment by neighborhood. Providers are also required to report
on metrics that align with the city’s safety, equity, sustainability, and workforce development
goals. Minneapolis also created an open data portal that tracks aggregated trip volumes, the
number of idle scooters at different time points throughout the day, and even complaints at the
neighborhood level.
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Policy Toolkit
Big Ideas
The Policy Toolkit is anchored by five Big Ideas intended to realize positive community
outcomes and a long-term vendor partnership. The Big Ideas, informed by the desired
outcomes, objectives, and gaps identified from the policy and regulatory scan and through
stakeholder engagement, guide the future direction of and regulatory methods for Bozeman’s
Shared Micromobility Program. Embedded within each Big Idea is the recognition of the
immense growth and change currently underway in Bozeman and with that, the real opportunity
to bring forth a broader mobility platform beyond scooters and e-bikes that can grow, expand,
and evolve with the community.
Each Big Idea consists of an array of supportive actions, procurement strategies, and tools that
have varying levels of influence on the micromobility industry and their ability to respond to
community needs. For instance, if few or insufficient incentives are available to providers
relative to operational exactions (e.g., fees, required deployment in equity-focused areas, etc.),
mobility providers may limit deployment in certain neighborhoods to reduce operating costs.
Striking the right balance, and taking into consideration the broader landscape in which
micromobility providers must navigate, is imperative in attracting and retaining sustainable
partnerships.
Balancing Regulation and Industry Support
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Big Idea 1: Broadened Regulatory Framework
Currently, the overarching regulatory approach is structured such that there is one regulation for
each mode, as reflected in the mode-based micromobility-related definitions within the
municipal code. Creating an umbrella set of regulations that apply to many types of form
factors and service models promotes innovation and enables Bozeman to adapt to changes
occurring within the ever-evolving micromobility industry.
The existing license agreement also provides limited guidance for how mobility providers
should shape local operations in service of citywide goals. Current regulations are limited to
include general provisions that establish a commercial license, insurance and licensing
requirements, and authorizing the City Manager to establish and enforce the terms of operation.
an outcomes-based regulatory framework that clearly defines mobility provider obligations,
terms of operations, and performance metrics is a foundational step towards achieving
program goals.
1.1 Enable Future Form Factors
Bozeman should amend its Traffic Ordinance with a broader definition of “Micromobility” and
“Motorized foot scooter.” Broadening the definition for micromobility, enables Bozeman to
better prepare for and proactively govern an evolving micromobility marketplace while driving
innovation. Broader, more inclusive definitions establish the foundation for a consistent,
standard, and form-factor-agnostic regulatory framework that benefits staff and micromobility
providers. The umbrella term must be expansive enough such that it can be applied to multiple
form factor-specific licenses, thereby minimizing the administrative burden of having to amend
the municipal code each time a micromobility device with slightly different shape or features is
introduced. The policy should specify, at a minimum, maximum vehicle weight of no more than
1000 lbs (to enable mopeds and other light duty shared vehicles that can operate in winter
conditions), propulsion type, general top-end vehicle dimensions, and top speed. Similarly, the
definition for motorized foot scooter should also be updated to include a maximum weight and
general vehicle elements robust enough to support shared public use. Additional caveats that
differentiate motorized foot scooters from other devices powered by an electric motor (e.g.,
wheelchairs, mopeds, etc.) should also be included.
1.2 Update Operating Parameters within a Service Level Agreement
Bozeman’s municipal code enables certain vehicles for public and shared use and should be
appended to the commercial license. The service level agreement that dictates operating
parameters should clearly convey operating guidance and provider responsibilities for the
Shared Micromobility Program. Additional provisions and revisions to existing terms should
include, at a minimum, the following:
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● Service Area - Define the service area within which a vendor may operate. The service
area should include MSU, but geofenced with restrictions based on their PTD policy.
● Restricted Areas of Operation - Define areas where micromobility devices cannot be
ridden (e.g., sidewalks, open space preserves, certain roadway types, along city
boundaries, shared-use paths, and any restricted riding areas designated by the City
Manager).
● Maximum Operating Speed - Specify the maximum operating speed and grant the City
Manager the authority to designate Reduced Speed Zones where lower speed limits
would apply. We recommend a maximum throttled speed of 15mph.
● Age Requirement and Helmet Use - Requirements should align with state laws. Helmets
should be encouraged but not required.
● Rider Limit - Specify the maximum capacity and number of riders that the device is
designed to carry.
● Parking Policy - Describe where devices must be parked (e.g., designated parking corral
or hub, bike rack, outside of restricted parking zones) and how devices should be parked
(e.g., parked upright such that it does not obstruct travel lanes, bike lanes, and
pedestrian walkways; maintain clearance within pedestrian walkways in compliance with
ADA regulations; and does not obstruct fire hydrants, curb ramps, driveways, bus stops,
loading zones, or other street access points).
● Enforcement - Identify the agency (Bozeman Police Department) that will enforce
parking rules, speeding, sidewalk riding, and other micromobility regulations.
The Commercial Shared Micromobility Licensing Agreement should be updated to include, at a
minimum, the following:
● Fleet Size - Defines the allowed minimum and maximum number of vehicles. Include
assessment criteria for fleet increases (e.g., utilization, compliance, deployment in
equity focus areas) and general guidance for rebalancing and fleet distribution. See Big
Idea 4 for more details on right sizing the fleet for reliability and parking orderliness.
● Fees - Defines the fees applicants and permitted providers pay to the City. All fees
should cover the cost for administering the program and should be commensurate with
staff capacity, available resources, and the City’s commitment to sustainable mobility.
Any excess fees should cover the planning, implementation, and installation of
micromobility parking areas. We recommend a per vehicle fee of $50 per vehicle,
assuming a fleet maximum, with incentives, of 250 vehicles.
● Deployment Policy - Determines where devices should be distributed by the operator at
regular intervals (e.g., daily or at specific times).
● Geofencing Requirements - Establish use cases for limiting or restricting where riders
can (or cannot) use and park devices. Typical use cases include throttling device speeds
in high-traffic areas and establishing temporary geofences for special events. The City
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should collaborate with MSU to pilot parking areas and restricted areas of operation on
campus using no ride and throttle geofences.
● Device, Equipment and Safety Features - Require devices to include specific safety
features, such as front and rear lights, reflectors, fenders, and device tag that includes
customer service contact information.
● Reporting Requirements - Specify the metrics that will be used to evaluate program
performance. Specify the format and frequency for which reports must be submitted to
Bozeman.
● Data Request - Ensure access to accurate, high-quality data. Specify data necessary
data points, the preferred data format, and the level of aggregation (e.g., by service area,
neighborhood, or special zones). Require the provider to share data and communicate
with the City via standardized APIs. Data should adhere to the Open Mobility
Foundation’s Mobility Data Specifications (MDS). Require the provider to share a user-
friendly, customizable data dashboard.
● Equity Considerations - Establish requirements to promote access amongst residents
experiencing a need. This may include requiring vendors to establish a low-income
discount program or dedicating a portion of their fleet in historically disinvested
neighborhoods. See Big Idea 3 for recommended direction.
● Procurement and Operator Incentives - Specify financial or other types of incentives
should vendors consistently meet or exceed service level agreements. Incentives may
include reduced fees, fleet expansion, or opportunities to deploy in high utilization areas.
Big Idea 2: Single Multi-Year Operator
The Commercial Shared Micromobility License is currently open to any vendor or operator that
meets the minimum requirements. The City issues the license on an annual basis to
micromobility providers that meet license requirements–an approach that was commonly
adopted for short-term shared micromobility pilots. While there are some advantages in
supporting multiple providers for a service (e.g., access to different vehicle types and diversified
risk), market demand is typically limited in communities of this size. A longer term agreement
with one operator is better suited for this context and its benefits outweigh the potential
downside of having access to fewer device types. These benefits include improved market
attractiveness, more active program management, better compliance outcomes, greater
investment in the community, and a simplified user experience. With less competition, providers
will have more resources to partner with city staff to co-design a program that accomplishes
operational and policy goals. The City will also have more leverage to establish stronger service
level agreements in exchange for long-term predictability. The primary goal of the single multi-
year operator environment is to build a lasting and rooted relationship between the City,
operator, and its customers.
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2.1 Shift to a Selective Procurement Process
Before the next operating cycle (2024), Bozeman should transition from an open license
agreement to a competitive procurement process. A fundamental first step is to begin
developing an objectives-based Request for Proposals (RFP) rooted in program goals and
objectives. The RFP should include language that clearly states Bozeman’s intent to work with a
single, exclusive operator. In addition, the RFP should align any program goals and objectives
with assessment criteria (e.g., strong compliance record, commitment to equity, multimodal
fleet requirements) that will be used to select a provider. Terms should be structured such that
it offers enough flexibility to attract providers with different offerings but prescriptive enough to
clarify the city’s expectations for engaging in this partnership.
An alternative approach that aligns with Big Idea 1.1 is to expand the types of micromobility
form factors in the RFP (e.g., shared scooters, bikes, mopeds, cargo bikes, etc.) and request
vendors (or vendor consortia) to provide a multimodal micromobility fleet that are or will be
integrated into a single customer app. All operating parameters would apply regardless of the
modes offered. The RFP evaluation criteria favor responses that provide the greatest mix of
micromobility solutions (so long as they present a sound business model to support their
portfolio of solutions).
2.2 Offer Incentives to Encourage Desired Behavior
Incentives are key levers cities can employ to guide micromobility providers and their operations
towards achieving desired outcomes. Incentives may include fleet expansion, access to high
utilization areas, and discounted per vehicle fees. These incentives should be tied to program
performance and compliance. Within the RFP, Bozeman should also describe any in-kind
support, public subsidies, revenue sharing, or access to local partnerships and other resources
the City is able to offer to demonstrate its commitment to a successful, long-term partnership
with the contracted micromobility provider.
Big Idea 3: Equitable Service Design
For some residents and visitors, micromobility is a convenient means of getting around at a
lower cost compared to driving alone. For others, it may be challenging to access these services
because devices are too costly, only rentable via smartphone, unavailable in their neighborhood,
or available form factors do not support daily travel needs. Some communities may be excluded
from accessing the system altogether if the program is not thoughtfully designed to remove
barriers. Under a single, multi-year operator contract, Bozeman has the opportunity to play a
more active role in engaging the community to co-design and integrate equitable program
elements.
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3.1 Identify Areas of Mobility Need
To tailor solutions to meet different community needs, Bozeman should perform analysis to
identify neighborhoods and communities that disproportionately experience mobility
challenges. This can be accomplished by analyzing the spatial distribution of different
socioeconomic indicators that correlate to mobility needs. Data can be sourced from the U.S.
Census, household travel surveys, and bespoke data sets such as Replica Places data. Outputs
from analysis serve as a starting point to initiate dialogue between the community and the
provider. Indicators to consider include:
● Median household income
● Poverty status
● Disability status
● Density of renter households
● Density of zero-vehicle households
● Proximity to high quality transit stop
Once equity-focused areas are identified and vetted with the community, Bozeman should
overlay fleet distribution strategies along with vendor incentives to ensure vehicles are made
available in those areas, while offering direct or cross-subsidies that limit financial burden on
operators.
3.2 Require Community Outreach and Engagement
Bozeman should require providers to address barriers for under- and unbanked populations,
those without smartphones, non-English speaking households, and low-income riders. Many
providers have implemented equitable solutions in different markets, however, these solutions
may not be appropriate for the Bozeman context. While these options can serve as a helpful
starting point to familiarize community members of standard offerings, Bozeman should require
providers to periodically conduct outreach and engagement to not only educate the community
of these solutions but also gather feedback to refine program elements and tech-based
solutions to better meet community needs. Providers may lean on City staff to support outreach
and engagement activities.
3.3 Establish Equitable Pricing Requirement
Bozeman should require providers to offer discounted pricing options for qualifying low-income
residents. This may involve eliminating unlocking fees and providing a reduced per minute rate
up to a certain time threshold. Bozeman should also consider working with providers to create a
discounted monthly pass to reduce costs for frequent riders and identify existing federal, state,
or local subsidy programs to streamline the enrollment process.
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Big Idea 4: Orderly Parking Strategies
Bozeman has made significant strides in maintaining the orderliness of sidewalks in high-traffic
areas where micromobility utilization is high. Currently, scooters can be parked anywhere
outside of Downtown, however, along major commercial corridors of downtown, riders are
required to end their rides in one of 15 designated parking areas. Riders also receive a
notification when they are in a no-parking zone, urging them to move out of it, however, riders
can override the suggestion and still end the trip. To maintain the orderliness of the public right-
of-way, and to ensure shared micromobility devices are not conflicting with other roadway
users, Bozeman should formalize and expand its micromobility parking program and include an
array of parking strategies and supportive physical infrastructure and digital tools.
4.1 Establish Performance-Based Fleet Sizing
Bozeman should establish dynamic fleet caps, which would allow the City to increase or
decrease the total number of vehicles based on performance metrics and compliance with
license agreement terms. Bozeman should adjust fleet caps according to performance metrics
that align with the desired outcomes of the program and city priority, such as utilization (trips
per device per day), vehicle density (vehicles per square mile), system maintenance, and parking
compliance. When determining the appropriate vehicle density, Bozeman should factor current
and latent demand, surrounding land use contexts, and availability and proximity to other
services, among others.
4.2 Formalize and Expand Micromobility Parking Program
Bozeman should set clear rules and expectations on where and how devices should be stored,
parked, and managed. This would require expanding the scope of the micromobility parking
program as described in Ordinance 2072. The parking program should include the following
elements and request prospective bidders to propose how they intend to deliver or support
these strategies:
● Identify parameters for which a shared micromobility corral or other parking solution is
appropriate (e.g., proximity to large employment centers, number of complaints on a
given block face)
● Define thresholds for shared micromobility corral installation and removal
● Require providers to communicate, educate, and train users on how to park vehicles in
shared micromobility corrals
● Collaborate with the micromobility provider to develop user incentives or penalty fees to
optimize user compliance
● Create a mechanism to employers, institutions, and business owners to request a
shared micromobility corral
● Establish protocols for shared micromobility corral maintenance
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Bozeman should consider investing in light, supportive infrastructure (e.g. stencils, paint, and
bollards) to increase the visibility of popular parking corrals and to complement geofences that
are currently in place. This could also involve working with other city agencies to integrate
parking corrals as part of street improvement projects.
4.3 Expand Designated Parking Zones
Bozeman currently has 15 designated parking zones within downtown, however, additional
parking zones will be needed outside of downtown. Bozeman should work with providers to
identify additional parking zones. Bozeman can consider requiring bidders to submit a parking
plan as part of their application to identify areas they believe require installing a designated
parking zone. Designated parking zone locations may also be informed by trip start and end
hotspots or through community and stakeholder engagement. Where feasible, Bozeman should
identify designated parking zones that may also serve as designated deployment drop zones.
Big Idea 5: Iterative Learning through Data
Micromobility providers have access to robust, real-time datasets that cities can use to make
informed policy decisions and to deepen their understanding of how people travel and to inform
policy decisions. Regular reporting is also crucial in helping staff to monitor program
performance and compliance. Extending access to this data, and where appropriate, making it
publicly available, also builds trust between micromobility providers, regulators, stakeholders,
and the general public.
5.1 Develop Data Sharing and Management Policy
Bozeman should establish a data sharing agreement as part of the Shared Micromobility
Program. The agreement should comply with state and federal privacy regulations and include
language describing who has access to micromobility data, how the data will be used to support
program operations, and how data will be shared, stored, and managed during and after the
contract expires. The data sharing agreement should clearly state Bozeman’s expectations
around the handling and storage of personally identifiable information. Providers should also be
required to report on their policies, procedures, and practices for maintaining data security.
5.2 Establish Reporting Requirements
Bozeman should establish clear reporting requirements that outline the information necessary
to administer the program, the preferred reporting format, and how often data is shared with the
City. At a minimum, Bozeman should require the micromobility provider to provide anonymized
trip-level data at a level of detail that enables staff to monitor compliance, evaluate
performance, and make informed policy and planning decisions. In addition to performance
metrics, providers should report on baseline operations, which should be defined within the RFP.
These might include:
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● Total number of trips
● Total number of users
● Total number of discount program enrollees
● Total number of trips ended within designated parking zones
● Average trip duration
● Average trip length
● Average daily deployments
● Total reported parking complaints
● Total reported collisions
● Quarterly customer survey results
Bozeman should also collaborate with the micromobility provider to create a public-facing data
portal to provide public access to micromobility data.
Policy Toolkit Summary
The table below summarizes the supportive actions for each Big Idea. Supportive actions are
organized based on whether it should be included as part of the 2023 operating season (Near-
term) or after (Long-term) as it would require additional staff capacity, funding, or legislative
changes.
Big Idea Supportive Action Near-term
Implementation
Long-term
Implementation
Broaden
Regulatory
Framework
1.1 Enable Future Form Factors X
1.2 Update Operating Parameters
within a Service Level Agreement
X
Single Multi-year
Operator
2.1 Shift to Selective Procurement
Process
X
2.2 Offer Incentives to Encourage
Desired Behavior
X
Equitable Service
Design
3.1 Identify Areas of Mobility Need X
3.2 Require Community Outreach and
Engagement
X
3.3 Establish Equitable Pricing
Requirement
X
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Orderly Parking
Strategies
4.1 Establish Performance-Based
Fleet Sizing
X
4.2 Formalize and Expand
Micromobility Parking Program
X
4.3 Expand Designated Parking
Zones
X
Iterative Learning
through Data
5.1 Develop Data Sharing and
Management Policy
X
5.2 Establish Reporting
Requirements
X
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