HomeMy WebLinkAbout03-08-22 Public Comment - J. Kauffman & B. Gallik - North Central Appeal KAS'nNG, KAUFFMAN&MERSEN,P.c.
A T T O R N E Y S A T L A W
JOHN M.KAUFFMAN 7I6 SOUTH 2Oth AVENUE,SUITE I0I
JANE MERSEN BOZEMAN,MONTANA 597I8
DENNIS L.MUNSON TEL:(406)586-4383 FAX:(406)587-787I
LILIA N.TYRRELL E-MAIL:reception@kkmlaw.net
JORDAN P.HELVIE
KENT M.KASTING,OfCownel
March 8, 2022
VIA EMAIL AND BY HAND
Bozeman City Commission
c/o Mike Maas, City Clerk
City of Bozeman
121 N. Rouse, Suite 201
Bozeman, MT 59715
Re: Appeal No. 22005- North Central Master Site Plan
Addressing Standing Issue and Requesting In Person Meeting
Dear Commissioners:
Along with Brian Gallik and his office, we represent the Appellants in the
above-referenced matter that will come before the City Commission on March 8,
2022. We reviewed the agenda item for our clients' appeal and noticed there was a
recommendation that the City Commission preserve an issue should its decision be
appealed, namely whether the Appellants have met the standing requirements of
Section 38.250.030.A. Such a recommendation is not only without merit but reflects
an anti-democratic and hostile approach to the citizens and neighbors of the
properties at issue who are bold enough to exercise the right to appeal a staff
decision. This letter addresses the standing issue. In addition, given the gravity
and the fundamental change represented by the issue being appealed, Appellants
request the hearing on this matter be continued so that it can be held in person,
rather than through the buffers of computers and Webex.
MANUFACTURING A STANDING ISSUE BETRAYS PUBLIC TRUST
The doctrine of standing evaluates whether a party is entitled to have a
deliberative body, like the City Commission, decide a dispute. See Heffernan v.
Missoula City Council, 2011 MT 91, ¶ 30, 360 Mont. 207, 255 P.3d 80. "Standing
requires a party to have a personal stake in the outcome of the controversy. Id.
Relative to this appeal, one or more of the Appellants must have standing or, as
stated in the BMC, be an "aggrieved person". §38.250.020.A; see also§38.700.020
(An aggrieved person is one "who has a specific, personal and legal interest in the
final decision of any agency, board or commission, as distinguished from a general
March 8, 2022
Page 2
interest such as is the concern of all members of the community, and which interest
would be specifically and personally prejudiced by the decision or benefited by its
reversal."
In Hefferman, the Missoula City Council approved a subdivision and the
neighbors appealed. Missoula argued that the neighbors did not have standing
because they did not come forward with an injury to a specific personal or legal
interest. The trial court and the Montana Supreme Court rejected this argument.
The trial court reasoned "that the adverse impacts cited by Neighbors (such as
increased traffic, noise, and pollution, and disruption of wildlife in the area) could
materially injure their properties or the value of their properties; and that it was
not necessary to allege specific physical property damage or dollar amounts for
injuries to property values. Id., ¶37. The Montana Supreme Court affirmed the
trial court's decision. Id., ¶47.
Here, there is no legitimate reason to "preserve" the issue of standing as to
Appellants. Rather, it merely serves to chill public participation in the City's affairs
by attempting to intimidate its citizenry into believing they have no say or, at a
minimum improperly confuse them over their rights. It is inconsistent with their
rights under the Montana Constitution and implementing statutes.
Montana's Constitution guarantees Montanans the right to participate in
their government. This is embodied in Art. II, § 8 ("Right of participation") and
Article II, §6 (Right to assemble, petition for redress or peaceably protest
government action). See also, MCA § 2-3-111 (Opportunity to submit views—public
hearings). While the City is allowing for limited public comment, the threat to the
public's right to participate is plainly evident in the late-declared recommendation
that Appellants may not have standing to protect their rights in the first place. The
recommendation to "preserve" a standing argument undermines the Appellants'
rights, erodes confidence in the Commission's openness to hear appeals and is
fundamentally misplaced in this instance.
The developer promoting the Master Site Plan had an affirmative obligation
to notice its application to all property owners within 200 feet of the proposed
project area. §38.220.420. This requirement stems from the City's own policy that
it "provide adequate notice of governmental actions to those affected by such
actions." §38.220.400. By its own ordinance, the City has acknowledged that
property owners within 200 feet of the project area are affected by its decisions.
Moreover, other property and business owners in the near vicinity, who are also
Appellants, clearly have rights and interests unique to them to protect their
interests from the adverse impacts of the proposed Master Site Plan.
In fact, on December 20, 2021 (at p. 6) the City's Department of Community
Development notified the public, including the Appellants, that they had the right
to appeal the staffs decision to approve the Master Site Plan. Appellants note, the
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Page 3
City does not make it easy for its citizens to appeal a staff decision. In order to
even get their appeal before the Commission, given its labyrinthine regulations, the
Appellants had to:
A. Engage counsel (critical now given the specter of"standing")
B. Meet the 5 elements of§ 38.250.030 BMC
C. Pay the appeal fee of$2,060.00 (which is not in the BMC)
D. Prepare and then send notices to the property owners with 200 feet
In the two (2) months since Appellants complied with the City's various
regulations, no one from the City has ever indicated or suggested that any of the
Appellants lacked standing to appeal the staffs decision or a future decision of the
Commission. Rather the City:
(1) created policies of inclusiveness that have led Appellants to believe
their concerns will be heard, valued and considered;
(2) invited Appellants to appeal a decision that fundamentally and
adversely impacts their neighborhoods;
(3) took the Appellants' $2,060 appeal fee;
(4) required Appellants to send out notices to all property owners within
200 feet of the project;
(5) acknowledged the Appellants timely appeal in the City's January 24,
2022 letter to Appellants' counsel;
(6) advised Appellants in that January 24 letter of how to proceed at the
hearing on the appeal;
(7) set the appeal for March 8, 2022, and now on the eve of the hearing
(8) indicates Appellants may have no right to have their issues heard in
the first instance or challenge such a decision in Court.
The staffs recommendation to you to "preserve" the standing issue for these
Appellants is antithetical to the constitutional provisions noted above, unwarranted
and a betrayal of public trust. It communicates a disregard for citizens who dare to
exercise their voices in opposition to a decision by staff—citizens who have made
personal investments in their neighborhoods and communities. It makes a
mockery of the Appellants' right to appeal and the Commissions right (and duty) to
review staff decisions and to protect Bozeman residents. See§38.200.010 BMC.
It may be the recommendation has become part of the staffs standard
recommendations when faced with an appeal of a staff decision. If this is the City's
"one size fits all" approach to appeals by its residents, Appellants respectfully
submit it is callous, unnecessary and conveys to the public that the Commission
does not want to hear from its residents.
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The Commission should stop the practice of chilling public participation in
this way and reject the recommendation that it "preserve" the standing argument
for Appellants.
THE HEARING SHOULD BE CONTINUED TO BE HELD IN PERSON
The Appellants request that the City revisit its decision to hold this public
hearing remotely, by Webex. The proposed Master Site Plan is a matter of
monumental public importance as it will define the character of Bozeman forever.
Creating a computer buffer between the Commission and the public eliminates the
in-person communication that defines and promotes community, particularly as the
Commissioners cast their votes. In-person meetings for the Gallatin County
Commission have been conducted without incident, and over 4,000 fans gathered
over the weekend to cheer on the MSU mens'basketball team. We respectfully
submit the hearing on this matter should be continued to allow for the public to
appear, face to face with this Commission, before you cast your votes.
As you consider this request, we note the fundamental importance of
meaningful (as opposed to just the appearance of) public participation in the
planning process
"Whe public hearing prescribed by statute is not a mere matter of form,
but is an integral part of the legislative process required by statute. The
public hearings, therefore, must not only be fairly undertaken in a
genuine effort to ascertain the wiser legislative course to pursue, but
must also appear to be done for that purpose. In short, when the law
which calls for public hearing gives the public not only the right to
attend but the right to be heard as well, the hearings must not only be
fair but must appear to be so.
Rathhkcp's The Law ofZoning and Planning, § 12.34 at p. 12-83 (2021 ed.) (emphasis
in the original). In Smith v. Skagit County, 453 P.2d 832 (Wa. 1969) (holding
modified on other grounds) the Washington Supreme Court explained:
"It is axiomatic that, whenever the law requires a hearing of any sort as
a condition precedent to the power to proceed, it means a fair hearing,
in appearance as well. A public hearing, if the public is entitled by law t
to participate, means then a fair and impartial hearing. When applied
to zoning, it means an opportunity for interested persons to appear and
express their views regarding proposed zoning legislation. The term
"public hearing" then presupposes that all matters upon which public
notice has been given and on which public comment has been invited
will he open to puhlic discussion, and that persons present in response
to the puhlic notice will he afforded reasonable opportunity to present
their views, consistent, of course, with the time and space available.
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March 8, 2022
Page 5
The test of fairness, we think, in public hearings conducted by law on
matters of public interest, vague though it may be, is whether a fair-
minded person in attendance at all of the meetings on a given issue, could,
at the conclusion thereof, in good conscience say that everyone had been
heard who, in all fairness, should have been heard and that the legislative
body required by law to hold the hearings gave reasonable faith and credit
to all matters presented, according to the weight and force they were in
reason entitled to receive.
Id. at 846 (emphasis added)(internal citations omitted).
Upon due consideration, we respectfully submit that the Commission should
conclude that an in-person meeting is the proper way to address the issues raised by
the appeal based upon the facts and circumstances here.
Sincerely,
;;J/ohn,A-,I. Kafiffman Brian Gallik 114<
c. Clients
Greg Sullivan, City Attorney (email only)