HomeMy WebLinkAbout21- Downtown PBZ Report
In January and early February of 2021, the City of Bozeman Economic Development Department
hosted a series of community engagement meetings to build trust between the city and residents,
and to solicit input from stakeholders on the remaining strategies of the 2016 Downtown Strategic
Parking Management Plan and recently approved Parking Benefit Zone (PBZ), which is adjacent to
downtown. Also, staff hoped to surface any additional parking management challenges the
stakeholders are experiencing. The engagement sessions were was undertaken at the direction of
both the Bozeman City Commission and the Parking Commission.
Parking management is a complex, and sometimes emotional, area of focus that must address
numerous interests and perspectives. The purpose of the engagement process was to inform all
stakeholders as to intent and desired outcomes of parking management, while ensuring that the
strategies used to reach those outcomes are informed by best practices and community input.
To accomplish this, two meetings for the Downtown/PBZ were held. The first meeting established a
common understanding of Values and Guiding Principles that define the desired outcome of parking
management. This objective information established the framework for discussion in 30-minute small
breakout sessions to compile community feedback, which was reported back to the entire group. This
information shaped the key findings, and corresponding recommended solutions, that were
presented at the second meeting for each focus area. Meetings specific to the Downtown and PBZ
discussions were conducted on the following dates. Because similar themes and challenges were
raised in the first two meetings it was decided that one Recommended Solutions meeting pertaining
to both programs would be most efficient and informative.
• January 28, 2021 -Values and Guiding Principles (PBZ)
• February 3, 2021 -Values and Guiding Principles (Downtown)
• March 8, 2021 – Recommended Solutions (Combined Downtown and PBZ)
This document summarizes information presented at these meetings with stakeholders as well as the
key challenges and concerns expressed by participants regarding the existing Downtown and PBZ
program format. Additionally, it documents the recommended solutions from the consultant team to
address expressed concerns and serves as an action plan for staff and the community to move
forward.
At the outset of the engagement process, the Bozeman Parking Handbook was created to serve as a
guide to document and communicate the community foundation, intention and desired outcomes of
parking policies. The Handbook will help facilitate decisions for future parking management policies
that will help achieve the desired values for the community.
Parking management entails far more than simply providing access to a parking stall. It is a
comprehensive system that integrates alternative modes of transportation (e.g. transit, biking, walking,
ride-share) to maximize opportunities for people to efficiently access different locations across the
city. How this system is implemented, and where investments are made, depends on a city’s set of
Values for managing growth and Guiding Principles that clearly state desired outcomes for managing
parking and transportation access; in residential neighborhoods and in commercial areas.
The intent for both Values and Guiding Principles is to establish a basis for consensus and provide the
city an evaluative filter for decision-making; ensuring that recommended actions and implementation
of city plans are shaped by adopted policy and best practices. City Values and Guiding Principles for
parking management were presented and discussed with stakeholders at the first public engagement
sessions on January 28 and February 3, 2021. These are listed below.
The following values prioritize outcomes for future city development in alignment with the city
Commission Strategic Plan adopted in 2018. A more detailed explanation of these values and specific
alignment with the Strategic Plan is provided in the Parking Handbook.
ENVIRONMENT
• Address City Climate Goals – Provide diverse transportation options (e.g. walk, bike, bus,
remote work, rideshare) to reduce climate impacts.
• Prevent Sprawl - Use land more efficiently to reduce over-building roads, infrastructure, and
parking surfaces.
• Build a Healthy Environment – Encourage walkable development patterns.
COMMUNITY
• Accessible Neighborhoods – Residents should be able to park on their street and have
guests easily visit.
• Strong Local Businesses - Businesses should have parking accessible to customers in order
to thrive.
CIVIC RESPONSIBILITY
• Public Fiscal Responsibility – Cover the costs of programs and services with appropriate
fees.
• Community Engagement – The city will employ transparent, upfront, clear communication
to gather input from the public to help shape policy.
• Equity – Public policy should strive to eliminate negative impacts on those least able to bear
costs.
Parking management is intended to maximize public investments in infrastructure that align with the
established values. The following Guiding Principles for managing the public supply of parking are
reflective of priorities established in the Downtown Strategic Parking Management Plan that was
adopted in 2016. A more detailed explanation of these Guiding Principles is also provided in the
Parking Handbook.
1) Neighborhoods – The city will ensure adequate parking for residents and guests in
neighborhoods
2) Downtown – The city will ensure adequate parking for customers and visitors downtown
3) Role of Private Sector – The private sector (developers and employers) is primarily
responsible for providing employee parking.
4) Decision-Making – Objective and publicly available data and performance measures will
determine when new types of management or construction of additional supply is needed.
5) Efficiency - Unlock existing parking supply and promote use of alternative modes of
transportation. Create capacity through strategic management of existing supply (public and
private), reasonable enforcement, and integrating parking with alternative modes. The
amount of available supply is determined by two factors 1) measuring performance of the
existing parking supply through objective data collection, and 2) evaluating demand against
an occupancy standard determined by neighborhoods and the Parking Commission that
reflects the character of the neighborhood. This allows some areas to maximize the use of
parking areas, while others will retain more vacancies. On-street parking is a finite supply. By
maximizing the use of the supply, it reduces the need to build more stalls within the overall
system.
Information derived from the January 28 and February 3, 2021 breakout sessions was consolidated
into several key themes that were consistently expressed by stakeholder participants. The city believes
that this community input reflects important issues for consideration in managing the Downtown and
PBZ districts.
The following key findings and recommended solutions were presented at the March 8, 2021
Downtown/PBZ stakeholder meeting. Solutions were crafted to address specific concerns and
challenges derived from the community feedback gathered during the initial meetings on January 28
and February 3, 2021.
There were several consistent themes heard from stakeholders as to currently perceived challenges
inherent to the existing format. These challenges and desired outcomes shape the recommended
solutions outlined later in the Section – Downtown/PBZ Recommended Solutions.
Invest in Values – The city should invest in alternative transportation modes, but there is skepticism
that this value is not evident in practice. Stakeholders were supportive of the beneficial relationship
between parking management and alternative modes and are uncomfortable moving forward with
some solutions (e.g., paid on-street parking) without more commitment to planning and budgeting
for transit, biking, ridesharing, and other alternative modes.
Data – Concern that implementation of the 2016 Downtown Strategic Parking Management Plan by
staff and Parking Commission is not based on clear, objective and up-to-date data. Stakeholders see
the benefit to transparency that routine monitoring of best practice performance metrics can bring to
discussing (with the community) and implementing key recommendations within the 2016 Plan.
Prioritize Residential Parking – There was support for, and skepticism of, the Parking Benefit Zone
(PBZ) concept as a potential solution for managing parking in residential areas within the new PBZ
boundary. For stakeholders, the city must demonstrate commitment to manage to the priority
(residential parking) and mitigate potential spillover issues from downtown employees in the B-3
zone. The city must demonstrate that the PBZ program intent is not a tool to allow new development
to avoid parking code requirements at the expense of neighborhood livability and congestion. Data
and on-going collaboration between the Parking Commission and affected neighborhoods will be
important elements for addressing these concerns.
Prioritize On-Street Customer Parking – Stakeholders support the Guiding Principle that prioritizes
on-street parking in the downtown for customer access, underscoring the importance of customer
traffic to business (and downtown) vitality. There is concern regarding how the city defines "adequate
parking" as well as the process for implementing changes or for the possible transition to paid
parking. Data, transparency, and outreach/education need to be a part of the solution for managing
the on-street system.
Manage Employee Parking – Concern was expressed about use of the on-street system by
employees, which conflicts with customer need. Concern was also expressed that employees need
reasonable options, in the public supply, the private supply and for alternative modes (e.g., transit,
bike, walk, shared parking agreements, monthly permit parking in the garage). Addressing and
balancing this concern needs to be strategic; through an exploration of shared use options, education
and data.
The city wants to address the community concerns stated above and ensure that moving forward, the
downtown and PBZ's are managed and aligned with current city policy. Key city policies that may
challenge concerns expressed by stakeholders include paid parking, new supply, and spillover of
downtown demand into neighborhoods
These potential conflicts were presented to participants in the February and March 2021 public
engagement meetings. It is the intent of the solutions section proposed below that concerns can be
addressed effectively, and City policy can remain consistent and forward moving. Specific City values
and principles are clarified further below.
Manage On-Street Supply (Curb Space) More Efficiently
The city's goal is to maximize use of curb space in a manner that preserves on street parking for
customers and visitors, provides other options for employees, and mitigates spillover into
neighborhoods. The primary desired outcome is to maximize the cost effectiveness of city investment
is in the parking supply. Elements that would drive this goal include better data, outreach and
education, and coordinated use of PBZ's to manage downtown spillover into neighborhoods and
"unlock" underutilized existing supply as appropriate. Similarly, strategies that could transition more
parking areas to paid parking are key elements in the city's parking toolbox; that need to be
evaluated and implemented strategically, equitably, and transparently.
Manage Off-Street Public Supply More Efficiently
Building new supply is very expensive and the use of public dollars for parking needs to be leveraged
within the context of long-term priorities for use of the public supply to serve visitors. Similarly, there
will need to be greater reliance and investment in non-auto mode options for users. Parking cannot
be the only access solution for Bozeman.
To this end, the City will manage its existing off-street supply (i.e., the Bridger Parking Garage and
public lots) to their highest and best use and in a manner that is flexible to how demand for parking
changes over time (hourly, daily, and seasonally). Ultimately, new public supply will be influenced by
growing visitor parking demand.
The following solutions were presented at the March 8, 2021 RPPD neighborhood stakeholder
meeting. Solutions were crafted to address specific concerns and challenges derived from the
community feedback gathered during the meeting on January 28 and February 3, 2021.
Solutions are provided in an Immediate/Short-term (6 – 12 months) and Mid-term format (12 – 24
months) implementation format. Those charged with leading these efforts is provided under the
column "determination to proceed." Immediate/Short-term solutions address actions that require
minimal to moderate funding, presenting quick and timely solutions to some commonly expressed
community concerns. Mid-term solutions will require additional time and higher levels of funding and
longer-term community discussion, planning and decision-making.
Topic Description Determination to
Proceed
Demonstrate an
Investment in Values:
Integrate parking
management into broader
transportation planning to
improve access via all
modes to downtown.
Communicate existing investment in alternative
modes (transit, bike/ped projects in CIP, major road
projects)
City Management,
Public Works, Finance
and Economic
Development Staff
Demonstrate commitment to the City’s values of
alternative modes and sustainability by budgeting for
alternative modes of transportation.
City Management,
Public Works, Finance,
Economic
Development Staff –
Parking Commission
and City Commission
Collect Data Commit to key performance metrics and a collection
methodology. Commit to scheduled routine
collection that is transparent with the public. Refresh
and compare collected data with baseline to ground
and inform decisions.
Parking Services and
Strategic Services,
specifically GIS
Manage Employee
Parking
Identify Employee Parking Opportunities – Clearly
identify employee access opportunities that include
parking and alternative modes. Recognize that they
need to drive due to affordable housing issues that
won’t let them live nearby and walk or bike (parking
equity).
Parking Services and
Downtown Bozeman
Partnership
Communication/Education – Through a partnership
with the downtown association and business
champions, educate business owners and employees
regarding the importance of customer parking and
provide alternative parking options through shared
use of private lots and garage permits.
Parking Services and
Downtown Bozeman
Partnership
Topic Description Determination to
Proceed
Prioritize On-Street
Parking for Visitors and
Customers
When all the following conditions exist, then paid on-
street parking will be considered:
• Employer and employee education and outreach is
not sufficient to open up on-street parking for
visitors and customers
• Occupancy data determines that parking demand
is in excess of an established threshold (e.g., over
85% of the parking supply is occupied for extended
periods)
• Parking data determines that turnover is frequent
enough to accommodate for the cost of
implementing a paid on-street parking system
Parking Commission
Protect Residential
Parking in
Neighborhoods
If residents support it, and supply occupancy data
warrants it, the Parking Commission may propose the
creation of a PBZ. If created, determine a minimum
block area to protect resident access to on-street
parking
Neighborhood
Residents and
Parking Commission
Maximize Use of Public
off-street supply
(Bridger Garage and
City Lots)
Continue to manage demand to the highest and best
use of existing off-street public parking supply based
on data.
Parking Services
Communicate and educate the public to:
• Create an objective understanding on current
garage/lot utilization
• Maximize the utilization of the City's off-street
supply 24/7
• Convey that the ultimate long-term intent for use
of the City's off-street supply is to prioritize and
ensure customer & visitor parking (i.e., "the full sign
never goes up.")
Parking Services
Explore Funding
Options for Future
Visitor Supply
Determine Need - Based on data, determine the need
to build or invest in new visitor parking supply.
Parking Services
Determine Funding - If determined necessary, a new
330 stall garage would cost approximately $15 - $18M.
Define a strategic package of funding options (e.g., TIF,
land donation, facility operating revenues, paid on-
street fees, Special Improvement District). Other
options for expanding supply include adding an
additional deck to the existing parking structure ($4 -
$6M)
Parking Commission
and City
Commission
Community stakeholders provided valuable insights into the challenges they see for managing
parking in the downtown and in potential residential permit programs within the new Parking Benefit
Zone (PBZ) boundary. There was support for both the city's Values and its Guiding Principles for
parking management. Vital neighborhoods and a thriving downtown are common visions shared by
all participants.
The most significant underlying concern seems to be transparency in decision making and trust
between the public, Parking Commission and staff. Solutions offered by the consultant are directly
tied to addressing this concern, through commitment to providing access to downtown via multiple
modes, collaboration with downtown stakeholders, and clear measures (both parking and other
modes) which includes outreach, collaboration and education, and clear measures of system
performance to inform the implementation of strategies. Equally important was the city's continued
support of the values and goals contained in the 2016 Downtown Strategic Parking Management Plan
related to its role in parking, priority users in the public supply, maximizing existing parking supply,
and data collection.
The solutions offered here provide a means to both improve parking downtown and in adjacent
neighborhoods. They also directly address concerns expressed by stakeholders; providing a sequence
of actions that safeguard businesses, residents and users' access to information and options to get to,
and use, downtown. As with any plan, on-going communications and collaboration between the city
and stakeholders, and a commitment to data, will facilitate transparency and sound decision-making.
Parking is, and will likely continue to be, an emotional and controversial issue – in Bozeman and in
other cities around the country. In parking, it has been found that the inevitable outcome of growth is
change. Recognizing this reality and commitment to a plan that strategically anticipates change, with
objective information (data) and realistic and equitable solutions, is the key to whether a city falls
behind or leverages change to the advantage of business vitality and neighborhood livability.