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HomeMy WebLinkAboutMPDES SWPPP Admin 1.18_F2/23/2019 1 SWPPP PREPARER & ADMINISTRATOR TRAINING PRESENTED BY NATHAN HARDEBECK © Copyright CWT, LLC 2018 INTRO AND OUTLINE •DAY 1 – •ALL CLASSROOM –8AM –3PM •DAY 2 – •START IN CLASSROOM –8AM –11:00AM •EXAM –11:15 -NOON •FIELD 1PM –3PM FIELD ACTIVITIES •BMP SHOW-N-TELL •BMP INSTALL •“RAIN” •BRING •GLOVES •STURDY FOOTWEAR •GOOD ATTITUDE TRAINING CONTENT •SECTION 1 –STORMWATER, EROSION AND POLICY •SECTION 2 –MPDES FOR CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY •SECTION 3 –SWPPP •SECTION 4 –INSPECTIONS & MONITORING •SECTION 5 –BMP OVERVIEW •SECTION 6 –SOURCE CONTROL BMPS •SECTION 7 –CONVEYANCE BMPS •SECTION 8 –TREATMENT BMPS •SECTION 9 –CASE STUDIES STORMWATER •WHAT IS IT? •STORMWATER MEANS WATER FROM PRECIPITATION THAT COLLECTS ON OR RUNS OFF SURFACES SUCH AS ROOFS, BUILDINGS, ROADS, OR PAVED OR UNPAVED LAND SURFACES; THAT PORTION OF PRECIPITATION THAT DOES NOT NATURALLY PERCOLATE INTO THE GROUND OR EVAPORATE, BUT FLOWS, VIA OVERLAND FLOW, INTERFLOW PIPES AND OTHER FEATURES OF A STORMWATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM, INTO A DEFINED SURFACE WATER BODY OR CONSTRUCTED INFILTRATION OR EVAPORATION FACILITY. •WHY DOES IT MATTER? •75% OF AMERICANS LIVE NEAR POLLUTED WATERS •50,000 IMPAIRED WATER BODIES (TMDLS) •$44,000,000,000 –ANNUAL TOTAL COST TO SOCIETY •850 –US CITIES W/ OUTDATED & UNDER-DESIGNED SWM INFRASTRUCTURE 1 2 3 4 5 6 2/23/2019 2 Erosion •DISPLACEMENT/TRANSPORTATION OF SOIL PARTICLES •NATURAL PROCESS, ACCELERATED BY HUMAN DISTURBANCES TYPES OF EROSION •WATER •SPLASH •GULLY •RILL •SHEET •MASS WASTING •WIND •SURFACE CREEP •SALTATION •SUSPENSION SPLASH EROSION •IMPACT OF RAINDROPS RELEASES LARGE AMOUNT OF ENERGY, DISPLACING A GREAT DEAL OF SOIL. •OVER THE DURATION OF A STORM, SIGNIFICANT VOLUMES OF SEDIMENT ARE MADE AVAILABLE TO BE TRANSPORTED. SHEET EROSION This sheet flow transports detached soil, as well as plucks off additional soil particles caused by the shear stress of the runoff. As rain accumulates a non concentrated, uniform layer of runoff is formed. RILL EROSION •WHEN SHEET FLOWS CONVERGE, INCREASED VOLUMES AND VELOCITIES OF WATER ARE CONCENTRATED. •SMALL, INTERMITTENT WATERCOURSES WITH STEEP SIDES, KNOWN AS RILLS, ARE FORMED. GULLY EROSION •WHEN RILLS CONVERGE AND/OR IMPERVIOUS SURFACES FOCUS RUNOFF IN A SINGLE LOCATION, A LARGE CHANNEL (OR GULLY) IS FORMED. •Volumes and velocities of water, along with shear stress increase dramatically. •Significant material migration 7 8 9 10 11 12 2/23/2019 3 MASS WASTING •MASSES MOVE UNDER FORCE OF GRAVITY •I.E. ROCK SLIDES, DEBRIS SLIDES, DEBRIS FLOWS, AND EARTHFLOWS •CAVE-INS ALONG RIVERBEDS •SLIDES ALONG ROAD BANKS MASS WASTING ON CONSTRUCTION SITES WIND EROSION •SURFACE CREEP -ROLLING SOIL PARTICLES •SALTATION -BOUNCING SOIL PARTICLES •SUSPENSION -FINE PARTICLES SUSPENDED IN AIR FACTORS INFLUENCING EROSION •TOPOGRAPHY •SOIL TYPE •VEGETATION •CLIMATE SOIL TYPES SANDY SOIL SILTY SOIL CLAY SANDY SOIL •HARSH AND COARSE GRAINS VISIBLE •EASILY ERODED BY WIND AND WATER. 13 14 15 16 17 18 2/23/2019 4 SILTY SOIL •MOIST, FEELS SLIPPERY AND SMOOTH. •FINE ENOUGH TO BE SUSPENDED IN FLOWING WATER. •CAN BE PICKED UP AND CARRIED LONG DISTANCES. CLAY •CLAY IS STICKY SOIL, WILL RUB INTO RIBBON •CLAYS SWELL WHEN WET AND SHRINK WHEN DRY •LOW INFILTRATION, HIGH RUNOFF. EROSIVITY BASED ON SOIL TYPE AND SLOPE Soil Type Slope Angle Silty Clays Sandy Very Steep (2:1 or more)Very High High High Steep (2:1 -4:1)Very High High Moderate Moderate (5:1-10:1)High Moderate Moderate Slight (10:1-20:1)Moderate Moderate Lower KY ESC FIELD MANUAL SOILS OF MONTANA http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/ JAR TEST VEGETATION •VEGETATIVE COVER DISSIPATES RAINDROPS AND RUNOFF ENERGY, REDUCING EROSION. •TRAPS SEDIMENTS 19 20 21 22 23 24 2/23/2019 5 SOIL PROFILE •ROOTS STABILIZE SOIL AND HOLD IT IN PLACE. •INFILTRATION IS INCREASED. USDA NRCS TOPOGRAPHY SLOPE LENGTH AND GRADIENT AFFECT RUNOFF AND EROSIVE FORCES •LONG, GRADUAL SLOPES SLOW RUNOFF AND REDUCE EROSION. •SHORT, STEEP SLOPES INCREASE RUNOFF VELOCITY, INCREASING EROSIVITY. •HOWEVER, RAINFALL INTENSITY AND SOIL CHARACTERISTICS HAVE ALSO PROVEN TO INFLUENCE THE RUNOFF AND EROSION ON A SLOPE (CHAPLOTAND LE BISSONNAIS2003). CLIMATE •PRECIPITATION AND TEMPERATURE •COMBINED AND INDIVIDUAL IMPACTS •WATER EVAPORATES SLOWLY IN COOL TEMPERATURES AND MORE RAPIDLY IN WARM TEMPERATURES •PHASE PROJECTS SEASONALLY TO REDUCE EROSION POTENTIAL •PREPARE FOR EXTREME RAIN EVENTS, NOT AVERAGE Capital Weather Gang–May 9, 2016 Washington’s streak of consecutive rainy days is longest on record Ranking the Worst El Niños–Jan 6, 2016 https://rainfall.weatherdb.com/stories/9588/ranking-worst-el-ninos WEATHER HEADLINES PRECIPITATION •FREQUENCY •TIME BETWEEN STORM EVENTS MAY EXPOSE A SITE TO GREATER POTENTIAL FOR EROSION DUE TO INCREASED SATURATION. •100-YEAR, 10-YEAR, AND 2-YEAR STORM EVENTS •INTENSITY •AMOUNT OF RAIN FALLING IN A CERTAIN PERIOD OF TIME (MM OR INCHES PER HOUR) •HARD RAIN VS. SPRINKLING •DURATION •PROLONGED STORM EVENTS WILL INCREASE EROSION POTENTIAL•ONE HOUR VS. 24 HOURS AVERAGE ANNUAL PRECIPITATION 25 26 27 28 29 30 2/23/2019 6 Before Development Bruce Wulkan, Puget Sound Partnership Problem: Development Alters Natural Hydrology After Development Problem: Development Alters Natural Hydrology Bruce Wulkan, Puget Sound Partnership WHERE THE RAIN GOES Erosion Facts •Estimatesindicatethat80percent ofphosphorusand73percent of nitrogen in streams is associated with eroded sediment from construction and other activities. •Sediment yieldsfrom smaller construction sitesare as high orhigher than the20 to 150tons/acre/year measured from larger sites. •Erosion of 1/8”of soil over an area of one acre results in the transport of 16.8 cubicyards ofsoil –approximately 25 tons. →Sites as small as ONE ACRE will fall under the Phase II rulesbeginning October1,2006. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1999 Report to Congress on the Phase II Storm Water Regulations SEDIMENTATION •Caused by erosion •Soil picked up and carried by flowing water •Deposited when flow slows enough to settle out sediment load MONTANA TOURISM 31 32 33 34 35 36 2/23/2019 7 TURBIDITY VALUES Settling Velocities of Sediment Particles in Water EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION IMPACTS •ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION •BIOLOGICAL IMPACTS •IMPACTS TO WATER QUALITY •AQUATIC HABITAT DEGRADATION •IMPACTS TO CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS •INTRODUCTION TO BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES STORMWATER RUNOFF FROM CONSTRUCTION SITES OFTEN RELEASE HIGH SEDIMENT LOADS TO RECEIVING WATERS Construction runoff is the LARGEST CAUSEof impaired water quality in rivers and the third largest cause of impaired water quality in lakes. EPA 305(b) Report to Congress ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION •WATER POLLUTION •TURBIDITY •PH •HYDROCARBONS •METALS •INCREASED FLOODING Sediments can be eroded from construction sites, developed areas, and cropland. In addition to the impact the sediment particles can have themselves, sediment runoff can pick up and transport additional pollutants such as metal flakes, debris, toxics, and even more phosphorus into our lakes. -Wisconsinlakes.org IMPACTS TO AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT •EUTROPHICATION •SMOTHERS EGGS & FRY •DECREASE IN FOOD-CHAIN ORGANISMS •REDUCED LIGHT PENETRATION (FOOD) •DIMINISHED SPAWNING •INCREASED TEMPERATURE 37 38 39 40 41 42 2/23/2019 8 TURBIDITY IMPACT ON FISH Courtesy of: Water Action Volunteers, Monitoring Factsheet Series. UW-Extension, Environmental Resources Center IMPACTS TO WATER QUALITY WATER QUALITY CAN BE IMPACTED WHEN RUNOFF CARRIES SEDIMENT OR OTHER POLLUTANTS INTO STREAMS, WETLANDS, LAKES, AND MARINE WATERS OR INTO GROUND WATER. THE UNITED STATES NOT WANTING TO FOLLOW IN OTHER COUNTRY HEADLINES Keep Your Mouth Closed: Aquatic Olympians Face a Toxic Stew in Rio Rural Water, Not City Smog, May Be China’s Pollution Nightmare Site DischargeSurface Water Slide Courtesy of CSI Geosynthetics 10 NTU 250 NTU 8.5 Tons / Year 595 Tons / Year TSS Ratio 1:70 CONSTRUCTION OF A LID PROJECT 43 44 45 46 47 48 2/23/2019 9 EROSIONS EFFECT ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS •INCREASED OVERSIGHT AND PLANNING •PROPERTY DAMAGE/LOSS •STORM SYSTEM REPAIR •RESOURCE MITIGATION •REPAIRS TO GRADE •FINES •STOP WORK •LAWSUITS ENFORCEMENT •ENFORCEMENT GROUPS •REGULATORY AGENCY •EPA •MT DEQ •LOCAL •CITIZEN GROUPS •HOW DO YOU BECOME A DOT ON THE RADAR? •DIRTY WATER •DEAD FISH –HIGH PH •ROCK IN A WINDSHIELD •POOR HOUSEKEEPING CITY AND CONTRACTOR FINED $430,851 ENCINITAS, CA •CITY OWNS AND OPERATES A MUNICIPAL SEPARATE STORM SEWER SYSTEM (MS4) •REQUIRED TO PROHIBIT DISCHARGES INTO AND FROM ITS MS4 THAT CAUSEOR THREATEN HARM TO WATERS OF THE STATE •PROJECT DISCHARGED SEDIMENT INTO A CREEK UPSTREAM OF A LAGOON •City was in violation because they–Allowed discharge of sediment from the project–Failed to require the project to comply with state orders –Obtained permits to complete the project•Contractor was in violation because of failure to implement adequate controls, structures, and management practices INCREASE IN ENFORCEMENT BY CRAIG WELCH , SEATTLE TIMES ENVIRONMENT REPORTER OFFICIALS SPOKE REPEATEDLY WITH THE CONTRACTOR AND HIS EMPLOYEES. WHEN IT DIDN'T STOP, AUTHORITIES ORDERED WORK HALTED. STATE AND FEDERAL REGULATORS WRANGLED FOR MORE THAN THREE YEARS WITH BRYAN STOWE… NOW STOWE, HIS COMPANY AND AN EMPLOYEE HAVE EARNED A DUBIOUS DISTINCTION: THEY ARE THE FIRST WESTERN WASHINGTON DEFENDANTS TO PLEAD GUILTY TO CRIMINAL CHARGES IN U.S. DISTRICT COURT IN CONNECTION WITH STORMWATER POLLUTION. …ONE COUNT OF INTENTIONALLY VIOLATING THE CLEAN WATER ACT. IN THE END THE CASE WILL COST THE BUILDER AND HIS COMPANY $750,000 IN FINES. STOWE FACES UP TO THREE YEARS IN PRISON...COURT-ORDERED STORMWATER-COMPLIANCE PLANS FOR ANY FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS ECOLOGY EVEN ISSUED STOWE A $36,000 FINE, WHICH HE DECLINED TO PAY. ONE OF HIS EMPLOYEES CONFESSED TO DOCTORING WATER-SAMPLING TESTS,… AUTHORITIES EVENTUALLY DETERMINED HIS SITE WASHED 50,000 TONS OF MATERIAL DOWNSTREAM. TYPICAL EROSION CONTROL ISSUES Exposed soils bringing sediment onto (or off) site.Poor protection of stockpiles Installing erosion control BMPs incorrectly No erosion control efforts TYPICAL EROSION CONTROL ISSUES 49 50 51 52 53 54 2/23/2019 10 Large area of exposed soils –dust hazard.Poorly maintained construction entrance. TYPICAL EROSION CONTROL ISSUES THERE ARE NO SHORTCUTS! PROBLEM SOLVING ADAPTIVE STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES CAN HELP TO REDUCE EFFECTS ON WATER QUALITY. PROACTIVE BREAK 55 56 57 58