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HomeMy WebLinkAbout2011-04-29- LYMAN CREEK WATER SOURCE DATA REVIEW AND EVAUATION Lyman Spring Water Source Data Review and Evaluation Prepared for the City of Bozeman Engineering Division ,By Josh Gelfenbaum 4/29/11 Appendix Title Pg # Introduction........................................................................................... Background............................................ Methods............................................. ............ ......... .3 .... ... ..................... Results... ..............................................................................................6 Discussion.......... ..................................................................................'7 Summary....................................................I...........,............................9 Acknowledgetwnts................................... References......................................................... . ..... .I7 Data Dictionary..................... ..................................................................CD* Metadata.........................................................................................CD* Excel Spreadsheet....... 0. CD:�: Lyman Spring Water Source Data Review and Evaluation ..........................CDC` GISData.........................................................................................CD* Means that this data is found on the CD that is included with this project. 2 Introduction: Lyman Spring SupplieS water for North East Bozernan (Map l,). There is concern that shirt-term.climate flLictuations and long-term climate change may influence flow of these Water sources. To understand these changes compilation and analysis of the flow records for the spring and creek is needed. Background- Lyman Spring is on the southwest side of the Bridger Mountain range in Bozeman, Montana (Map 1.). Lyman Spring is a natural spring and is the original municipal water supply for the City, beginning in .1889 (City of Bozeman). 'l':"he City captures part of the spring discharge and the remaining flow fornis Lyman Creek, which is a tributary of Bridger Creek. The City maintains a treatment facility and storage reservoir near the base of the watershed, providing water to an area of Northeast. Bozeman. The watershed containing Lyman Spring is approximately 13 5c]uare miles. Methods. Discharge data were provided for this study by Moth the City of Bo eman Engineering Division, and by the City's Water Treatment Plant. Data for Lyman Spring were provided for 5 different rneasure.ment Ioca(ions and in Several different forms. Discharge measurement data were round in City archives dining back to 1908. Most of the data were given in several Excel spreadsheets, the rest were split between original hand-drawn hydrograph charts and hand-written documents on sheets or_journals. Data from hand--written documented sheets and hydrographs were read and entered into Excel spreadsheets. 3 These spreadsheets show data from different sources (Table; 1). Some sources used different units for discharge. All units were converted to CFS for case of comparison. Miner's inches were originally used for the earliest mea.wrements and are converted here using 40 miner's inches equal to I CFS (Water Conversion Table). Sortie data were; recorded in gallons per day (GPD), and they are converted using 646, 316.883 GPD equal to one CIS. Lastly, some data were originally reported in gallons per minute (GPM), which were,converted using I CFS is equal to 448.8 gpm, These spreadsheets contain records from the 2-11 par,shall flume, which overlapped from I.974-1.981. Occasionally, measurements were Made by one group and not the other on a given day, but most of'the days during this time period overlapped, When data from the two sources taken on the same day were conipared to each other, the values did not always match up. The differences between the two flow values taken for the same clay but from the different sources was typically less than 0.5 CFS, yet one of the data records had larger outliers than the other. The data frorn the Water Treatment Plant was used when the dates overlapped. 'Water Treatment Plant data has smaller outliers and had a longer record. A, GIS map (Man 1) shows the measurement locations. The five measurement sites were field-located with a hand-held navigational GPS, with horizontal accuracy of about 15-ft, The coordinates for the sites were imported into a spreadsheet, and then uploaded to ARCMap. The coordinates were initially brought in as HA.RVN State Plane; and were converted to the 1983 State PIane of Montana projection. These were then put Oil an aerial photo (2009) which was obtained from Natural. Resource information System of Montana. (NRIS). 4 Two reference layers were used in creating this map, one of streams and the other roads, both were downloaded from the City of Bozeman GIS website. From the. streams I isolated Lyntan Creek and from the roads i isolated Bridget-Canyon and the driveway- that goes to the 'Vaster Treatment:Plant. I also included three other maps for spatial reference: the Montana State boundary,the Gallatin County boundary and two aerial photos with the city boundaries of Bozeman. The Montana State boundary was downloaded front.NRIS, the Gallatin County boundary from the Gallatin County GI:S website, and the aerial photos were also front NRI,S, while Bozeman City limits were from the City of Bozeman G.iS website. Since it took two aerial photos to include the City of Bozeman, a Mosaic needed to be preformed_ A hillshade was incorporated to help Show the topography of the watershed. The overall projection of the .ni.ap is NAD13 Montana State Plane (Map 1). A small scale extent was taken at four spots, a small scale image of the measurement location, one included both the trapezoidal Hurtle and the upper weir, another included the 3-ft weir, the next one wits of the 2-ft parshall and the last,one included the f 0-inch pipe, included in these is a digital photograph of the measurement site (Pig 1). Re-stilts; Hydrographs for Lyman Spring were created from the data set described above. An overall hydrograph was created for each measurement location, but since the data set had long time periods of rnissing data, l divided the graph into three different sections (Fib; 2). A second hydrograph composed of the 2-ft parsha.11 flume and the sum of the difference between the 3-ft weir, the upper weir, and the trapezoidal tlurne was created for the date range from 1961-2008 (Fig 3). This hydrograph was created to help explore 5 changes in water use between the period of 1961-1988 and the period of 2001-2008, TIle third plot is a linear plot comprised of data from 2001.-2008 of the 2-11 parshall flume vs. the sum of the 3-ft weir, the upper weir and the trapezoidal flume (Fig 4). One, last hydrograph was plotted (Fig 5), This hydrograph is for the 2-ft parshall flume since it is the first aneasurenient location as soon as you get out of the mountains. This hydrograph shows the highest discharge because it also includes the;creek, not only the spring. After this location there .is less discharge. There is seasonal cycling between peak.11ow and baseflow for Lyman Spring. Peak discharge: for Lyrnan Spring typically occurs between May and July with all occasional peak in August (Fig 5). For the 2-ft parshall flume, which was used to llelp show total discharge for Lyman ,Spring the average: peak flow was 10 CFS. The baseflow, which typically occurs between January and March, and occasionally in November or December, averages 2.7 CFS (Fig 5). The maxim un-i discharge was 18.4 CFS, which occurred on 5/22/1981, The minimum discharge was 0.7 CFS on 1.2/6/2007. A line of hest fit was calculated, for the graph between the measurements of the parshall flume, and the sum of the two weirs, and the trapezoidal flume to help test the correlation between them. The equation for the linear line is y=0.8297x+.I..05:34 with an R2=0.7187. This means that,there is a positive relationship between them that is fairly Strong. The intercept Suggests that the tipper weir, the trapezoidal flume, and the 3-ft weir, do not add up to match exactly measurement for the parshall flume. The Flume measures 1.0534 CFS when the suni of the weirs measures zero. This suggests that there is some gain in groundwater between the: sites. 6 The upper- weir- no longer exists. It was removed during construction in 2009 to install another underground pipe at the top of the springy; to help divert and capture most of the water instead of allowing it to seep into the soil. This pipe goes underground all the way to the water treatment plant. This pipe is then measured at.the,plant and.is named the 10-inch pipe. The pipe: starts up by the trapezoidal flume. Below the trapezoidal flume, the other measurement locations are on Lyman Creek measuring stream flow. "C"he upper weir and the trapezoidal flume are the only measurement sites that record only groundwater discharge meaning that there are only two true measurements of spring discharge. The 3-ft weir, the 2-17t parshall flUML and the 10-inch pipe all measure the spring and the creek. Discussion; Additional analysis using precipitation data could be used to analyze the output of the hydrographs to help explain the seasonal cycle. There are a few years that, would be interesting to look at in more detail due to a large difference in the mean from baseflow and pe_akflow. Both 1969 and 1981 have higher than, normal peakflow,while 2001, 2002, 2005, and 2007 have low baseClows. Further analysis of those years may be helpful in determining how precipitation is affecting fe-oundwater discharge .for Lyman Spring. i Looking at.just the hydrograph of the 2-ft parshall flume it looks like there: are three: different steps in decrease in baseflow. The first step, which 1.considered being between the dates of 1970 to 1983. It has an average discharge of 3.4 CFS, a MaxiMum of 4.3 CFS and a minir am of 2.7 CFS. The second step is between the (fates of 1984 to 1988, it has an average discharge of 2.5 CFS, a maximurn of 2.7 CFS and a niinirnufa of 1.9 CFS. The last step I considered the dates between 2001-201,1. The average discharge 7 for it is 1.8 CFS, with a maximun-) o1'4.0 CFS and a mininiurn of 0.7 CFS. If there were r1101-e time, a look at precipitation data would have: been ideal to see if there are any trends. This is something to consider for future work. Uncertainty in data quality and data comparability must be considered for a data scat that is as long; as this one. There are four issues that must be considered. 1) Difficulty keeping track of large amounts of daca 2) Measurement techniques changing over tirrie 3) Measurement locations changing over time 4) Maintenance of the measurement. site.,; There are two Large gaps in the data, from 1926-1960 and froiil 1.992-2001, which can be the result of either data not recorded or data that were lost. I have; assumed that 111easltrcnaents were always taken from the same location. Further inore, it is not always certain how the observations were made. I do not know whether the observer estimated the discharge or actually looking; at: the staff gage for the height of the water. This is because in the spreadsheet. tab 5 (Trapezoidal) flow on 5/2/03 is 2070 CI M. Yet oil later dates such as 6/1.7/05 the flow is at 800 GP.M and is said to be overflow. Maintaining constant measurement .locations is important because if the location changes a little downstream or upstream of the original measurement site the discharge; could change because: there could be an area of gain or kiss. Another issue that could cause large uncertainty is maintenance of the measurement. site. If a site becomes overrun front weeds or full of sedinle;nt it could cause an Linder-estinaation of the dimensions of the flume/weir. For example on 12/6/2007 there was sand in the flume, which could have caused a misreading in the staff gage and discharge. On 6/17/2005 it was noted that there~ 8 was overflow of the trapezoidal flume so there is no accurate record for the site on several date:%. In the difference graph (Fig 3.), there was some change that occurred Between the dates of 1988 and 2001. The discharge di.ff'erence fluctuates Between 3.2 to -5.6 efs. This is the difference in discharge between the sites. The dates include 1961 to 2008 aril it is the difference between the 2-ft paarshatll flume and the Burn of'the 3-ft weir, upper weir, and the trapezoidal flume. This makes the data before 1988 suspicious bCCauSe it would make sense that there would be some fluctuation between all the sites Glue to gains and losses between all the measurement locations. This also shows that .looking for long- tern climate impacts may be difficult based on analysis on Lyrnan Spring data because the only records that should be used are from 2001-2008 which is too short of record. Examination of the data taken from the 10-inch pipe shows two years (1991- 1992) that had low discharge compared to curlier records up to 1988. This Uncertainty needs to be examined in greater detail because it could represent observation error or as system change. Summary• Lyman Creek and spring data were compiled into a single Spreadsheet. The spreaadsheet contains different tabs for each measurement location. Graphs were completed. It was too hard to took at.long-term trends in discharge frorn Lyman Spring due to uncertainti.eS. Short-term data can he antalyzed on the dates frost-! 2001-2008. There art' several issues with the data should.Be addressed. The construction of the trapezoidal flume is probably too small due to numerous dates showing overflow. This Makes the data hard to interpret. Another issue,is obstructions SUCK as weeds or sand in 9 the IIUMe (weir) at the measurement sites, which might throw gaff the reading of-tie staff gage. Areas that complicate or compromise the data include: • Data that is consistent for a long time and then changes dramatically sifter a periOd of no data • CIMrI e in Measurement locations • Management of the sites • Size of the flume/weir In the future more measurements relight he made between the measurement locations to try and get a batter picture of where there are gains and losses. An example o'a place to measure is between the 3-ft weir and Between the 2-ft parshall fluctte and the 2-ft parshall flume and the 10--in pipe. Ackno��i ledaenients: This project would not have been possible without the amazing people willingly to help from the City of Bozeman, those at the City of Bozeman Engineering Division, and at the City°s Water Treatment Plant, Brian Heaston, an engineer for the City of ; Bozeman helped compile old files, Rick Maroney at the Water Treatment plant also helped compile record~, gave at tour Lyman Spring and facilities to lake GPS points and photographs, and answered manor questions. The Montana BmeaU Of Minus and Geology also helped, Tom. Michalek, helped give input and was the source of the GPS that 1 used. Finally this Pro IW COLIld not have been COMPICted WiHIOLA Illy advisor for this project, Steve Custer who works kit Montana State University as the heard of the Earth Science Department, .10 W ` c _ I vi' � rf M ru m tp (0 07 Q E E a: c c c c c E E E E f m m m m v � !— E•- E� M M w � U u 4. vi �r Q CD O LO 'It N c v a N m ff) of ay E m m u1 M ri w CIJ cY N' m m M cd u U a.y Z u1 0 O C 7 00 Ln N 00 00 r' kD l0 , 0 C O to %D R N %D O w 4 Cat r-I a� cV m v Ln ul a� a � a� o V a e E � Q i-v iv iv cv N ro is m � ion ro � � w E E E E E m ' E n M .r 3 a� a a a a� w 0 w U 'a. 0 C H V W U 46 .0 a 5'io 0 0 a bA pop O I � V tu / U L I O cu U bi) rl b_U aU � o •a O o 'o .0 LL m m _ (U a) • ■ a 0 M M CIS • N a ca •♦ y 00 00 C') O c(n O O\ O 00 r� O QN cn L anal ■ �n O a� s � 030 ■ 00 fV [ Ch 08 v, [ � o -ZU gu o 0 = r f�" A, m 00 id C 'a M � � o JCISo rl � w • .� O O 00 00 > � ■ O �.(1., CT o C © C) o 00000000 QOo � O CD tD "i N o 06 k6 "i N o ;, o .n N r-I H r-I r-I r-I (S��}afiae��s�a b - a. o, a a� 6 i 3 w •� M M ° I O > E -M L U Sri 0 {I1 ~ c c9 00 m 00 0 ' o [ can l� t U 4-- 0000a000aoao 6I. •3 b 4 ni rV,-i O 1 cv ni =r ui •� N N a Q � 'a M [ 2 00 nu .c v r 0 L Q1 y _ b � o y _ L � O S a p C IL .l R V 4-00 F' M ° w �► o o r � � p u i + '� O a ,� a � � ° D Q �i O CO rl ' . c. 4� O , �' II a ° L a . w V O 0 n Q Q c1 O a n 0 O 0) 1.0 Qv-4 �4 3 U. O ,.uw ou u 0 0 0 �a C\ 00 rn O _ -"/SVTT -"/sz/T T cu i /SZ/T T ''/SZ/TT t } o V' L T-1 011 rA z IL co co "/SZ/TT co ''/Sz/T T _ mo > o ,iQ /5Z/� a O O O O Q O 'O 0 0 0 0 . . . . O CO -0 't N O co �,D fit N O ,--A ,—i .--a E� aGaeNas�a N' h_IJ CL ao 0 0 E v � y Cr O U � i o4 b �n U C O a U .s a� E � � o � E a � o � ;d •o o U � p Q �, 0., n\, �� tom ifr \7Rr ` f �� '1 0 Q � c 7 co N (D C 7 a 0 c c CD n;fo CD cn OL 0 1 m W - - Brian Heaston From: Brian Heaston Sent: Friday, January 21, 2011 9:46 AM To: 'j.gelfenbaum@gmail,com' Cc: 'Michalek, Thomas' Subject-, Lyman Creek Information Attachments: SKMBT—055011012110100.pdf; SKMBT C55011012110110,pdf, SKMBT C55011012110111.pdf; Parshall Plan,pdf; Lyman—Creek_Chart.pdf Josh, I've attached PDFs of the flow data and some support info we have available in our engineering dept archives relating to Lyman Creek. there's six(6) attached files to this message. If they don't make it through, let me know and send them individually. Any questions, please don't hesitate to call me, or me if you need access to the originals we can make those arrangements too. We're trying to track down another old field book that may have some flow data in it. I'll pass along anything pertinent if it shows up. Here's the link for the city's laserfiche archive: http:/(weblink. an.net WebLink8 0l 26 Rowl.as x if it doesn't work, I'll walk you thru how to get there on the city's website, it's not the easiest to find. If you have any questions about how to use laserfiche, or need help about its contents,give the City Clerk a call. Her name is Stacy Ulmen,she can reached at 582-2321. Best of luck with the project Regards, Briars Heaston, P.E. Project Engineer City of Bozeman - Engineering 20 F. Alive 5t. P.O. Box 1230 Bozeman„ MT 59771 (406) 5€2 2280 bheastonq ozeman,net 1 Montana MontanaTech ofThe University of Montana MBMG January 13, 2011 Rick Moroney Superintendent City of Bozeman Water Treatment Plant P.O. Box 1230 Bozeman, MT 59771 Re: Proposed Project, Lyman Spring Water Source Data Review and Evaluation Dear Rick, First of all, on behalf of the Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology(MBMG), I want to thank you for taking the time to show us the Lyman Spring infrastructure and explain its history and operation.This is very useful information for our Bridger Range project and our other Gallatin Valley studies. Per our conversations of the last few months, I have put together a proposal for a project to be conducted by an MSU student in the Department of Earth Sciences. The purpose of the project is to collect, organize and evaluate historic data that the City of Bozeman (City) has collected during the development and operation of the Lyman Spring municipal water source. I believe this project will provide the City with a valuable product, an electronic record and database that could be used to calculate total spring discharge, examine historic variations in spring discharge and aid in future management of the spring. The cost of this project will be minimal. It would require some time for City personnel to provide existing records and explain what is known about them, and to show locations of physical features. Other support will be provided by me and Steve Custer. Dr. Custer is chair-of MSU's Department of Earth Sciences and the student advisor. An outline of the proposed project is attached. The project could begin immediately and be completed by the end of Spring Semester, 2011. Please call or email if you have questions. Thanks again for your help. Tom Michalek Senior Research Hydrogeologist Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology 406-496-4405 Cell:406-599-3079 tmichalek(a)mtech.edu cc: Steve Custer, MSU Department of Earth Sciences Attachment: Project Outline Main Hall 1 1300 West Park Street I Butte, MT 59701-8997 1 406-496-4180 1 www.mbmg,mtecli.edu Project Outline City of Bozeman's Lyman Spring Water Source Data Review and Evaluation in cooperation with the City of Bozeman (City),the Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology(MBMG) proposes a project to be conducted by MSU Senior 3osh Gelfenbaum.The goals of this project will be to: 1. Collect and compile existing hydrologic data (primarily spring discharge and flow measurements) from City records. Some of these records date to the early twentieth century and are typically hand-written field notes_ 2. Produce an electronic record of these data, possibly in a spreadsheet, and collate according to the location of the measurements. 3. If possible, produce a GI5 coverage (ArcMap format)that relates the data to locations in the Lyman Creek drainage. This G1S will provide the City with a database that could be used to store subsequent measurement data. 4. If possible, calculate or estimate the total spring discharge, based on existing data. It may also be possible to analyze the data for the purpose of informing future management of Lyman Spring. Answers to several questions may be achievable: m What is the variation, if any, in Lyman Spring discharge over the period of record? Can such variation be correlated to snowpack, and/or precipitation variation? Can other potential factors in discharge variation be identified? Whether or not analysis is possible will depend on the quality of the historic data. For example, It is known that flow measurement locations have changed over the decades that the spring has been managed as a municipal water supply. If the locations of older measurements are not well documented or known, it may not be possible to correlate older data with more recent, or to create an accurate GI5 coverage I believe this project would produce a useful database, even if analysis of the data is not possible at this time, and would further general understanding of the behavior of the spring. ProQgLse.o Siagg2f W 1) Review operational history of Lyman Spring. 2) Copy paper records provided by the City and scan to PDF. 3) Evaluate and sort records by location. 4) Enter data into spreadsheet. 5) Calculate or estimate total spring discharge. 6) Create GIS coverage of measurement locations and drainage features. 2) Determine if database is appropriate for analysis. If so: a. Compare flow data and historic precipitat€on/snowpack records. b. Report results. 8) In analysis is not possible, provide summary report and data package to City. Schedule and Pun& This project is proposed as a for-credit senior research project for Josh Gelfenbaum. Therefore, it must be completed by the end of Spring Semester, 2011.There may be scholarship or grant funding available to support the project, but costs should be minimal.Josh is currently a part-time student employee for MBMG but would work on this project on his own time. M13MG could provide some material support(copying, etc.),supervision and peer review,If necessary.The City would provide paper records, background and advice as the project proceeds but no additional costs to the City are anticipated. I ! ` 7-1.177 tv f � R ,•; § i 4�ry ,�1 4 lyI T ...101 7; .�...��y�.�.xwxr M TI i 3x�f \ �y� wr•,e "J y��•ih 3]Q�,�1, I [4f i ►�yt�_. tyy� „�:n. ( �-r'� �, f.' '.a.,��'• +y ... '\•. .( .` J/�'nr A 41, 41 - r t.s, ' ( I'_^" ;�•.X ,.,p �'i �K�!, '1. 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'�' T I 77 777 mq r. r " 'w dG,: a � �'��, u 'w!�, 't¢w ,��,,u�t"'L`"�•�'' �„> y�'�y r a+�-A7�(Zs r+n'rw+.err ��zrr. mi o-,. rJ ,ry •'� y �t �. ii.-"`",n �, �,! ua �n <d is :'\ � n rya S,}n �' ��rk•r� r'�x �rw"�r, j]`�{L"u� yy � r^ `�r"�4?�`Lh7 r��i�.r� .� a l4 c��i'�4 r ',4�L� i�`�< \ Ef -n 1 °a�r r n\ r,f �a�Fy ✓ � J„%54"rSJal -'-��;a a "\�$�f y 4y'mac ��•\t�,l r4, /r�Ct U��� r W „r r` 'r. s;a '•i �;•"g+;�J liII'�ih 1 �.... r 'I .v Bozeman Waterworks--,brief Iiistory 1887— Ordinance # 34 gives franchise to Walter Cooper/Bozeman Water Company to supply water to city 1888 —Ordinance # 61 amends Ord. #34, gives franchise for water supply to Bozemwl Water Works Company 1889 —Rozemaa-i Waterworks Company buys land and water rights for Lyman Creek water supply. A reservoir is built and a water main is laid from reservoir to the town. 1898 --Bozeman Waterworks Company sold to City of Bozeman 1891 —Ordinance# 81 establishes the Office of the City Engineer, C.M. Thorpe becomes city engineer 1901 —Maps of water system completed by C.M. Thorpe. These maps were updated and added to over (he years and are still used and referred to this day, 1903-1904—Mystic Lake Dam built by Bozeman Creek Reservoir Company, of which the City of Bozeman was a shareholder. C.M. Thorpe is construction engineer. This dam was subsequently breached in 1984 due to concerns about the stability of the dani in the event of an earthquake. 1904 — 16" wood stave pipe installed from Lyman Creek Reservoir to town, C. M. Thorpe engineer. 1909 —Lyman Creek reservoir enlarged to about it's present day size, C.M. Thoij)e engineer. 1925 — 16" woad stave pipe from Lyman Creek Reservoir replaced with 18" cast iron pipe, C,M. Thorpe engineer. 1916-191.8 —development of Bozeman Creek water supply. Construction of diversion, transmission mains, and reservoir at the site of the present,day Sourdough Tank Reservoir, C.M. Thorpe engineer. 1947— last reference to C.M. Thorpe in city records. 1957— 1958 —development of Hyalite Creek water supply. Diversion in Hyalite Creek constructed, transmission main installed from diversion to a pre-sedimentation basin constructed at the present day site of the Water Treatment Plant, Sourdough Tank built, and transmission mains from the pre-sedimentation basin to Sourdough Tank and from Sourdough.Tank were installed. 1982 — 1.983 — Water"Treatment plant constructed, 18"transmission main from. treatment plant to Sourdough tank replaced with. 30" lime. 1991 -- Spring box constructed at Lyman Creek water source and pipeline laid from spring box to reservoir. 2006—New larger transmission main installed from Hyalite Creels diversion to Water Treatment Plant. There was an L.S. 'Thorpe who was also city engineer 1 believe, or at least worked for the city. His name lit•st shows up in old survey boobs in 1916. Not sure what his relationship was with C.M. L.S. was around at least until. 1945. A. 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