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Source Water Delineation and Assessment Report(sourdough creek,Hyalite Creek, Lyman Creek)-January 2001
� r i- E ti ~ r. k ; `n 1 f - T r 7" 1 i pity o + � u 77 5 E WATER. DELINEATION AND .ASSESSMENT REPORT Sourdough :reek Hyalite Creek =Lyman Spring y { Y ?T S n s Western Groundwater Services 6595 Bear Claw Lane Y V Bozeman,MT 59715 C�KoUNDW�T Telephone:(406)585-5947 Fax: (406)522-8653 SUfS SOURCE WATER DELINEATION AND ASSESSMENT REPORT Prepared for: City of Bozeman Bozeman,Montana Prepared by: OON TA,41, Western Groundwater Services Bozeman, Montana -° `r('h'K! ��� cc DTM Consulting, Inc. F CIS TF.9 Bozeman,Montana L' OIVA L January 25,2001 9rl F7 M. .i Groundwater Services for Public Water Systems January 25,2001 Page i TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................ I 1.1 Community................................................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Geographic Setting....................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 PubIic Water System.................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Water Quality............................................................................................................................... 5 1.5 Source Water Sensitivity............................................................................................................ 11 1.6 Source Water Intakes.................................................................................................................. 12 2 DELINEATION................................................................................................................................. 14 2.1 Delineation Methods and Limitations........................................................................................ 14 2.2 Surface Water Delineation.......................................................................................................... 17 2.3 Groundwater Delineation........................................................................................................... 20 3 CONTAMINANT SOURCE INVENTORY..................................................................................... 25 3.1 Inventory Methods...................................................................................................... .. 26 .............. 3.2 USGS Land Use Designations........................................... ..... 3.3 Land Ownership&Jurisdiction.................................................................................................. 26 3.4 Gallatin Forest Plan.................................................................................... ?8 3.5 Livestock Grazing...................................................................................................................... 34 3.6 Mining, Oil and Gas Development............................................................................................. 34 3.7 Timber Harvest........................................................................................................................... 35 4 SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT.................................................................................................. 37 4.1 Method Summary....................................................................................................................... 37 4.2 Source Water Susceptibilities..................................................................................................... 38 5 CONCLUSIONS................................................................................................................................ 40 6 RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................................--....... 41 6.1 Source Water Protection Plan..................................................................................................... 41 6.2 Contaminant Source Inventory Updates..................................................................................... 42 7 REFERENCES................................................................................................................................... 43 LIST OF TABLES 1-1 Water System Operators 1-2 Total Annual Water Production 1-3 Measured and Predicted Water Use Rates 1-4 General Water Quality Parameters 1-5 1999 Detected Contaminants 1-6 1999 Supplementary Water Quality Data 1-7 Source Water Sensitivity 2-1 Formation Symbols 3-1 Potential Contaminant Sources 3-1 Gallatin Forest Plan Management Areas 3-2 Susceptibility Categories Western Groundwater Services January 25, 2001 Page ii LIST OF FIGURES 1-1 Bozeman Area Map 1-2 Bozeman Air Temperature. 1-3 Bozeman Precipitation 1-4 Bozeman Snow Fall and Snow Depth 1-5 Raw Water Turbidity—Daily Average 1-6 Raw Water Turbidity—Daily Maximum 1-7 Sourdough Creek Intake 1-8 Hyalite Creek Intake 1-9 Lyman Spring Intake 2-1 City of Bozeman Watersheds 2-2 Sourdough Creek Hydrograph, 1951 — 1953 2-3 Sourdough Creek Discharge Probability Plot, 1951 — 1953 2-4 Sourdough Creek Estimated Stream Flow Velocity 2-5 Sourdough Intake Source Water Protection Areas 2-6 Hyalite Creek Hydrograph, 1986— 1995 2-7 Hyalite Creek Discharge Probability Plot, 1986— 1995 2-8 Hyalite Creek Estimated Stream Flow Velocity 2-9 Hyalite Intake Source Water Protection Areas 2-10 Sourdough Creek Plume Travel Time 2-11 Hyalite Creek Plume Travel Time 2-12 Plume Maximum Concentration 2-13 Hydrogeologic Map of the Southern Bridger Mountains 2-14 Lyman Spring Geological Cross Sections 2-15 Lyman Creek Hydrograph, 1951 — 1953 2-16 Lyman Spring Source Water Protection Areas 3-1 Watershed Land Sections 3-2 USGS Land Use Designations 3-3 Land Ownership Map 3-4 Sourdough and Hyalite Creeks GNF Management Areas 3-5 Lyman Spring GNF Management Areas 3-6 Livestock Range Allotments 3-7 Mining,Oil and Gas LIST OF APPENDICES A. SWDAR Certification Checklist B. Water Quality Data for Regulated Parameters C. Plume Calculation Worksheets D. Geological Formations of Gallatin County E. Bozeman Water Balance F. Gallatin Forest Plan Management Area Descriptions G. Grazing Allotment Information H. Timber Harvest Contract I. Sanitary Survey of Water Sources Western Groundwater Services i z i s January 25,2001 Page I 1 INTRODUCTION Source Water Delineation and Assessment is an evaluation performed on public drinking water supplies. The focus of the evaluation is on the supply sources with the intention of identifying potential water contaminants. The city of Bozeman uses three water supply sources: 1)Hyalite Creek(a.k.a. Middle Creek) is a surface water source; 2) Sourdough Creek(a.k.a. Bozeman Creek) is a surface water source; and 3)Lyman Spring,which is a classified groundwater source. Figure 1-1 shows the location of these water sources and the general area of Bozeman, Montana. Source Water Delineation and Assessment is the first phase of protecting the water quality of public drinking water sources. The second phase prepares a Source Water Protection Plan. This Plan uses the Source Water Delineation and Assessment Report as a technical basis. The PIan describes source water protection management activities that will be implemented in order to reduce contamination risk. Protection of the source water quality does not begin until these activities are implemented. The city of Bozeman completed this Source Water Delineation and Assessment Report during summer and fall of 2000. The Source Water Protection Plan will be prepared and implemented during 2001. Implementation efforts will occur indefinitely thereafter. Regulatory Background Protection of water supply sources has a long history, but has become more formal since the 1986 Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments were passed. In 1986, the U.S. Congress required EPA to develop a Wellhead Protection Program. This program focused on groundwater supplies used in public water systems. By 1992, EPA had developed their program, which included a requirement for each state to develop a Wellhead Protection Program. The states,including Montana,developed these programs and passed along requirements for Wellhead Protection planning to the public water systems. In 1996,when new amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act were passed, Source Water Protection replaced Wellhead Protection'. Source Water Protection was an expansion of Wellhead Protection to include surface water sources. The fundamental approach to wellhead protection was adapted to surface water sources. However, EPA developed their Source Water Protection Program in a slightly different manner than the Wellhead Protection Program. EPA made it a requirement that the state agency administering public water systems would be responsible to complete Source Water Delineation and Assessment Reports (SWDARs). This requirement is a burden on the state rather than the individual public water systems. The state of Montana has developed an EPA-approved Source Water Protection Program and is in the process of program implementation. This program details how the state will complete SWDARs for each water system and describes the content requirements for SWDARs. This SWDAR for the city of Bozeman has been prepared to meet the requirements of the state's program. As part of the state's Source Water Protection Program, a grant opportunity was made available to public water systems. Grants could be obtained to allow the public water system to complete a certified SWDAR without direct technical assistance from the state. By this approach, the state provides only review and certification of the SWDAR. Many public water systems in Montana, including the city of Bozeman, have chosen this option. Not all states abandoned their Wellhead Protection Program but now have both. Montana has not retained their Wellhead Protection Program. Western Groundwater Services January 25, 2001 Page 2 SWDAR Summary A Source Water Delineation and Assessment Report must meet several content requirements in order to be certified by the state. A checklist completed for this SWDAR is included in Appendix A. A summary of the fundamental elements of an SWDAR are provided below. Delineation For each source of water,the land area contributing recharge to the source must be mapped. There are several sub-areas that are mapped to complete the delineation. The mapped areas are called Source Water Protection Areas. Inventory Within Source Water Protection Areas,potential contaminant sources are identified. These sources include any"condition", natural or man-made,that is perceived to have a chance of contaminating the water supply. Typically, these sources consist of properties where chemicals are used and stored, sewer lines, petroleum pipelines, transportation routes, mining and logging operations, animal feeding areas, and recreational areas. Susceptibility The results of the inventory may identify perceived or known significant sources of contamination. Sources that are considered to have a potentially serious impact on water quality if a release occurs are included in this group. For these sources, a ranking procedure is applied that indicates the susceptibility of the water supply to the contaminant source. The ranking is qualitative,ranging from "low"to "very-high". During preparation of the Source Water Protection Plan,the results of the susceptibility analysis are used to prioritize management activities. Acknowledgements The city of Bozeman gratefully acknowledges state funding to prepare this SWDAR. Montana Department of Environmental Quality staff working in the Source Water Protection section also provided valuable comments on the report. City of Bozeman staff from the Engineering and Water Departments provided data and other information for report preparation and also provided review comments on the draft report. The SWDAR was prepared by Western Groundwater Services, DTM Consulting, Inc, provided GIS assistance to delineate the watersheds and to compile digital air-photos of the project area. 1.1 Community The town of Bozeman originated in 1864 as a business and agricultural community related to gold mining in the mountains to the west2. Bozeman is now a growing small city, with a 1998 population of 29,936. The present annual growth rate of 7.2% is very high in comparison to other cities in the US, and also to other cities in Montana. Agriculture,tourism, and government are the principal industries in the Gallatin Valley and in Bozeman. A handful of high technology businesses have shown steady growth in the past several years and are considered large employers. Land development and associated construction has also been a strong industry in the 1990s. . Agricultural sales total approximately$60 to$70 million annually, split about evenly between cattle and crops. The gross cash in-flow due to tourism in the Gallatin Valley may exceed $400 million annually. Montana State University (MSU) is the largest single facility in the area. MSU employs 3,200 professionals and support staff, and also about 2,500 students. Approximately 12,000 students attend the University annually,which is provided water and sewer service by the city of Bozeman. z Information presented in this section of the report was obtained primarily from the"2000—2001 Relocation Guide"published by the Bozeman Montana Area Chamber of Commerce. Western Groundwater Services January 25,2001 Page 3 Water service is provided inside the city of Bozeman limits via a pressurized distribution system with modem water treatment facilities (Figure 1-1). Sewage collection services are also provided and wastewater is treated to a high-quality effluent at a city-owned plant along the East Gallatin River. The municipal landfill, which accepts solid wastes from Bozeman and non-Bozeman residents, is located on the north side of town. Interstate 90 separates the north and south sides of the Bozeman water system. Bozeman "proper"is located on the south side ofI-90, although growth in the 1980s and 1990s has resulted in significant north-side residential development. Rail through the area parallels the interstate and is operated by Montana Rail Link for commercial freight only. There are no passenger trains into Bozeman at present. Gallatin Field is the local airport and is located about 8-miles west of Bozeman in Belgrade, Montana. 1.2 Geographic Setting Bozeman is located in Gallatin County in the eastern portion of the Gallatin Valley, which is a broad intermontane basin(Kendy and Tresch 1996). The elevation at Bozeman is approximately 4,800 ft above mean sea Ievel. Gallatin Valley ranges in elevation from 4,100 ft where the Gallatin River leaves the valley on the west side to about 6,000 ft along the southeast boundary. The Gallatin and Bridger Mountain ranges are the most prominent near Bozeman,with summits to 10,000 ft(see Figure 1). The city's Hyalite and Sourdough water sources extend into the Gallatin Range, whereas Lyman Spring originates in the Bridger Mountains. Historical climate data summarized in terms of the monthly averages are shown on Figures 1-2, 1-3 and 1-4. These data,which are recorded at a weather station on the MSU campus, are summarized below. • On a national basis, air temperature in Bozeman would be considered cold in the winter and cool in the summer, however,most Bozeman residents would consider many summer days to be "hot". The temperature pattern follows a generally uniform oscillation, with high temperatures occurring during late July and early August and low temperatures occurring during December and January. • Long-term average precipitation shows two peaks, occurring during May and June and then again in September. The wettest months are May and June, and correspond to significant recharge in the area. The September peak is most likely to only replenish some of the soil moisture deficit that exists at the end of summer. With a total precipitation of about I8 inches annually, the Bozeman area has a moderately dry climate. • Snow is common in the winter months and not terribly infrequent during June and early July, primarily in the mountains,but also in Bozeman. By mid-September of each year the summits of local mountains are white capped,and during above average years, ski season begins by Thanksgiving. March brings the largest snowfall, and during dry years can make up significant deficits in a thin snow pack. 1.3' Public Water System The city of Bozeman owns and operates Water System No. 161 in the state of Montana. The Sourdough/Hyalite source is assigned identification number 002. These two sources are grouped because both feed into the water treatment plant before distribution to the city. The Lyman Spring source is assigned identification number 004. Western Groundwater Services January 25,2001 Page 4 A recently completed Water Facilities Plan was used to obtain information presented in this section (MSE-HKM 1997). In 1996, the service population included 24,860 people, obtaining water through 5,744 accounts, or connections. The service area for the 20-year planning period ending 2014 is shown on Figure I-1. Maps of the water service area and sewer collection system presented in MSE-HKM (1997)and MSE-HKM (1998), and can be viewed at city ha113. A total of six water department staff are certified water system operators. Table 1-1 lists the city operators and their operator numbers. TABLE I-1 WATER SYSTEM OPERATORS Name/Title Operator Number Responsibility Dean Elliot 2107 Superintendent Rick Moroney 2742 Chief Operator Jerry DeVantier 2856 Operator Eric Campbell 3128 Operator Mark VanAntwerp 2408 Operator Gerald Peterson 2634 Operator Primary contact for Source Water Protection Planning at the city of Bozeman Water Treatment Plant (586-7158). Three water sources serve the city: 1) Sourdough Creek; 2) Hyalite Creek; and 3)Lyman Spring (Figure 1-1). About 99% of the water supply is obtained from the Sourdough and Hyalite sources. Lyman Spring provides the remaining 1%. The Sourdough and Hyalite sources are treated via a conventional water treatment plant,including flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration. The water is disinfected with chlorine and fluoride is added for dental hygiene purposes. Lyman Spring, a groundwater source, is treated only by chlorine disinfection. It is not presently necessary to treat this source further. The water system separates into two pressure zones called the South Zone and the North Zone. 1-90 marks approximately the line separating the South and North zones. The South Zone water supply is entirely from Sourdough and Hyalite Creeks. The North Zone water supply is from Lyman Spring. In the future, facilities will be added to transmit Lyman Spring water to the South Zone, Tables 1-2 and 1-3 present data on water use by the city of Bozeman. The city uses about 1.5 to 1.8 billion gallons of water annually (these figures include leakage from the system). The average day demand at present is 4 to 5 million gallons,with a maximum day demand of about 11 million gallons. Peak hour demand has been estimated at a rate equal to 13 million gallons per day(9,028 gallons per minute). In 1996, the usage rate per citizen was 175 gallons per day, slightly high for a mature city (normally 165 gallons per capita day),but considerably lower than smaller Montana communities4. Over the next 40 to 50 years,Bozeman is predicted to double in both population and water use. 'These maps are published on seven large sheets measuring 36"by 48". a In a conserving home,indoor water use averages 59.7 gpcd and outdoor water use averages 45.1 gpcd,bringing the total to 104.8 gpcds(Maddaus 1987). These values do not account for commercial water users, which are included in the city of Bozeman per capita water use rate. Western Groundwater Services January 25, 2001 Page 5 TABLE 1-2 TOTAL ANNUAL WATER PRODUCTION Year Sourdough and Hyalite Creeks Lyman Spring South Zone North Zone (gallons) (gallons) 1991 1,775,360,000 18,615,000 1992 1,549,060,000 20,440,000 1993 1,449,780,000 18,980,000 1994 1,662,210,000 26,280,000 1995 1,537,745,000 0 (out of service) 199b 1,587,020,004 0 (out of service) TABLE 1-3 MEASURED AND PREDICTED WATER USE RATES Parameter Year 1996 Year 2014 Year 2044 Population 24,860 32,510 50,240 Average Day Demand 4.35 6.50 10.05 Maximum Day Demand 10.87 16.26 25.12 Peak Hour Demand 13.05 19.50 30.15 Water use rates are in units of million gallons per day. 1.4 Water Quality Source Water Quality General water quality data for Sourdough Creek and Lyman Creek presented in Table 1-4 were obtained from earlier work completed by the U.S. Geological Survey(Hackett et al. 1960). The water quality likely has not changed significantly in the past 50 years, and assuming that the analysis methods were adequate, these data are reasonable indicators of general water quality today. The samples were collected during September, and are anticipated to represent base flow water quality in the streams. The water at this time of year is dominantly groundwater that has discharged into the stream channel. With respect to Lyman Creek, it is nearly certain that 100%of the stream flow originated from groundwater. In terms of general water quality parameters,the data indicate a moderately hard water. Dissolved ion concentrations are low to moderate. In terms of water classifications, the waters are both calcium- magnesium-bicarbonate types. Lyman Creek has more dissolved ions,resulting in greater hardness and specific conductance than Sourdough Creek. Data for Hyalite Creek would be similar to those for Sourdough Creek. During spring runoff,ion concentrations should be substantially diluted. The hardness is anticipated to decrease to lower levels during this time and would be classified as a soft or moderately hard water. The dilution effect would be greater for Sourdough and Hyalite Creeks. The Lyman Spring water should Western Groundwater Services January 25, 2001 Page 6 decrease in dissolved ion content during spring, but the changes may be minor in comparison to the Sourdough and Hyalite sources. TABLE 1-4 GENERAL WATER Q-'.. !i ITY Parameter Sourdough Creek Lyman Creek Sample Date 9/22/51 9/22/51 Calcium 27.1 40.1 Magnesium 8.0 16.0 Sodium 3.2 0.5 Potassium 1.6 0.4 Bicarbonate 120.8 170.2 Carbonate ND 6.0 Sulfate 8.2 18.3 Chloride 0.4 1.1 Hardness (mg/L as CaCO3) 100.6 166.0 Specific Conductance (uS/em) 208 306 All units are mg/L unless noted otherwise; ND indicates not detected; hardness was calculated. Safe Drinking T rater Act Compliance The city of Bozeman meets all water quality regulations according to the Safe Drinking Water Act. Appendix B includes a data table pertaining to samples of finished water from the water treatment plant (combined Hyalite and Sourdough sources)and from Lyman Spring. These sample data were obtained from the Water Facility Plan(MSE-HKM 1997), and were collected in the mid-1990s. Consumer Confidence Reports The city of Bozeman has prepared a consumer confidence report on water quality during 1999. Consumer confidence reports will be prepared annually, with 1999 being the first year for this requirement under the Safe Drinking Water Act. Excerpts from the city of Bozeman 1999 Consumer Confidence Report are provided below. A complete copy of the report can be obtained directly from the city. Listed in Table 1-5 are the contaminants found in Bozeman's drinking water after treatment during the 1999 calendar year. The Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) and the State of Montana Department of Environmental Quality require monitoring of over 80 contaminants. Only those contaminants that were detected in the water supply are shown. Additional data pertaining to frequently requested information from the Water Treatment Plant are provided in Table 1-6. These data also apply to only the finished, or treated water. Western Groundwater Services January 25, 2001 Page 7 DEFINITIONS Action Level (AL): The concentration of a contaminant which, if exceeded, triggers treatment, or other requirements, which a water system must follow. Ninety percent of samples must be at, or below, this level. Lead and copper are measured at the 90f'percentile. Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG): The level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MCLGs allow for a margin of safety. Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL): The highest level of a contaminant allowed in drinking water. MCLs are set as close to MCLGs as feasible, using the best available treatment technology. Nephelometric Turbidity_Units (NTU): The level of turbidity in filtered water PPm: parts per million per: parts per billion Treatment Technique (TT): Required process intended to reduce the level of a contaminant in drinking water. Western Groundwater Services 00 U U_ U Y yL1j 3 E cn En p � •: O ?? R1 G ° bD ► "d O E" to CUd LU O E U co U z cn° o �o ,0 o 0 o � o a -° ny cCC N p C b b y 0 O p v i. ?t N O b a O 4. to O � � O d pUp O co a 4. coo O cv +r f3. O O C p b r. > cn v� cd O U ,� a� 0 O b O p O cn a w 0 c.. 'C7 C O O w c0 + ° .0 [ o p 0 0 O U 0 ti 'En E b O G p O p U p � � E = cn 0 o a a. Q z zco W w clL. o � W Wo va a - CCd U co o pp�� U o �n > ti E 3 0 d Q ¢ ►-� V v e' o o � U o in. a Q w � 3N C7 Ll CN U (U ca . °3 ca 0 zz to U co co M W) Z 'n N N to cli o0 .--� O C 9 ' 4 ' ' \ 4: py N M O U N O a4 CD N O N as O O p � ' O y c� on on ., O V > NO v! � O ON as `D cd z Q a O N > M O ~ > O U U cp a� ;a ° u w c a� y +� °' 3 co cn d a� ° off o a ° m U i a aCdE v .fl o pR, o f co o ��j a ° �i U January 25, 2001 Page 9 TABLE 1-6 1999 SUPPLEMENTARY WATER QUALITY DATA Parameter MCL Range Average Alkalinity(mg/L as CaCO3) -- 59.2 - 116A 88.95 Chlorine residual (mg/L) 41 1.18 - 1.91 1.5 Fluoride(added)(mg/L) 2-,41 0.32 - 1.23 1.02 Calcium(mg/L) -- 4.13 - 29.76 23.97 Magnesium -- 4.00 - 22.08 8.37 Hardness, calcium(mg/L as CaCO3) -- 41.20-74A0 61.97 Hardness,total (mg/L as CaCO3) -- 63.60- 138 93.02 PH (standard units) 6.5-9.3 8.08 - 9.05 8.55 Sodium (mg/L) 20 2.48 - 15.10 7.94 Sulfate (mg/L) 500- ND - 7.50 0.02 Iron (mg/L) 0.32 ND - 0.12 0.02 Total dissolved solids (mg/L) 500' 68.20 - 116.90 96.17 Turbidity(daily average) (NTU) 0.5 0.02 0.16 0.64 Total coliforms(efu/100 ml) if ND ND Notes: All data shown above apply to treated water from the city of Bozeman Water Treatment Plant. ' Primary drinking water standard; 2 Unenforceable secondary standard; 3 Guidance. ND indicates not detected in any samples. Water Treatment Plant Turbidity Data Figures 1-5 and 1-6 present raw water turbidity data obtained from the Water Treatment Plant. Turbidity is an indirect measure of suspended matter in water. This material consists of silt and clay, soluble organic compounds, organic matter,algae, and other microorganisms. The particle sizes range in diameter from about 10 nanometers to 0.1 millimeters (Chapman 1992). Turbidity is an indirect measure of these particles, based on the scattering of a light beam through a water sample. Normal ranges of turbidity in surface water are 1 - 1,000 NTU(Nephelometric Turbidity Units). Both Sourdough and Hyalite Creeks contribute to the turbidity data shown on Figures 1-5 and 1-6. Average values for the raw water range from about 0.5 to 22 NTU. Low values, slightly less than I NTU are measured during most of the time period from August to February,with some exceptions. The peak turbidity events occur from March to June, and are related to spring runoff. High turbidity events also occur in July and August,most likely due to high runoff from thunderstorms. The data are generally stable, with a repeating cycle from year to year, There does not appear to be a visible trend over the three year record. Daily maximum turbidity, shown on Figure 1-6, exhibits the same pattern as the average values,but ranges from about 0.6 up to 400 NTU5. 5 For reference purposes,a turbidity of 1 NTU appears"crystal'clear. Most people would find that a water of 10 NTU is clear and very drinkable. At a level of 100 NTU most people would find the water cloudy, some may drink it. At 1,000 NTU the water is extremely cloudy and would be considered undesirable for consumption by humans. Western Groundwater Services January 25, 2001 Page 10 TMDLs and the 303(d)List In compliance with the federal Clean Water Act, the state of Montana Department of Environmental Quality(DEQ) is in the continuous process of conducting water duality ass_s:ments on surface waters, such as Hyalite Creek and Sourdough Creek. These assessments have the purpose of identifying the impaired or threatened condition of the waterbody with respect to designated uses (e.g., drinking, swimming, agriculture, industry). Every two-years since 1992 the state has submitted a list of impaired and threatened waters to EPA, referred to as the 303(d)list. A draft 303(d) list was prepared in April 2000 and is in the review process (DEQ 2000). The 303(d) list submitted by the state must include a prioritization of the listed waterbodies for the development of plans to improve water quality or prevent future threats to water quality. Best management practices are normally included in the plans as activities to mitigate poor water quality or threatened status. Some of these plans involve development of the total maximum daily load (TMDL) for selected pollutants, and consequently,the plans have been referred to as TMDL plans. A TMDL limits the loading of a pollutant that can occur into the waterbody while meeting water quality standards'. Many waterbodies that appear on the 303(d)list will not actually have TMDLs developed, as other management methods will be implemented to improve water quality. New state legislation passed in 1997 required that waters be 303(d) listed only when sufficient credible data(SCD) were available to properly classify the stream. In past practice,the state had listed waterbodies when there were inadequate or questionable data and the new legislation was intended to prevent these entries. The 1997 legislation resulted in removal of many streams from the earlier 303(d) lists. These streams are scheduled for reassessment and classification according to a schedule presented in DEQ (2000), and based on sufficient credible data. There are also existing streams in the state that are not yet considered for water quality assessments, and consequently they cannot be 303(d) listed. There i_- ,,)record of these waterways in the state's assessments; the streams are entirely absent. Many cry these absent streams are located in areas where one or more streams have been evaluated. The state is presuming water quality would be similar among the streams of the area. The absent streams are also likely to be unimpaired(i.e., the state has left out certain streams that it does not believe would be impaired, most likely due to an absence of historic water quality problems, a favorable geographic location, and a low level of land development). Sourdough Creek has not been evaluated for inclusir--. the 303(d)list. It is one of the absent streams that simply does not appear in the records. Hyalite is;-�K,however,has been evaluated in the lower reaches, and it is the next major drainage west from Sourdough. The land uses vary,but it is likely that both streams are in similar condition. Hyalite would be the more "impaired" of the two. Hyalite Creek was listed as impaired with low priority from the National Forest Boundary to the confluence with the East Gallatin River. The stream was listed in this segment because the state concluded that it could only partially support swimming as a form of recreation. Data were insufficient to assess: 1) growth and propagation of aquatic life,waterfowl, and furbearers; 2) growth and propagation of salmonid fishes; 3) growth and propagation ofnon-salmonid fishes;4)drinking water; 5) agricultural 6 An impaired water presently does not meet standards. A threatened water is likely to violate standards in the near future. 7 Ammonia and nitrate in municipal wastewater discharges are examples of pollutants that may be managed by development of TMDLs. Regulation of individual discharges is addressed in the facility's Montana Pollutant Discharge Elimination System(MPDES)wastewater permit. Western Groundwater Services January 25, 2001 page 1 I water supply, and 6) industrial water supply. Dewatering due to irrigation withdrawals is indicated as the likely cause of the impairment. The upper part of Hyalite Creek, from the headwaters to the National Forest Boundary, was not assessed due to insufficient credible data. This portion of the stream is therefore a waterbody that will be monitored and reassessed in the future. It is not scheduled for reassessment during 2000—2001, but likely will be reassessed before 2006. The city of Bozeman intake on Hyalite Creek is inside the National Forest Boundary,which strongly suggests the state should find this reach of the stream is unimpaired, as evidenced by its use for drinking water. The successful fishery in this part of Hyalite Creek also indicates it should be given an unimpaired status. 1.5 Source Water Sensitivity Based on the types of sources from which the city of Bozeman obtains water supply, the source may be classified in terms of its sensitivity. Sensitivity refers to the ability of the source to be contaminated, or otherwise impacted, by man's activities. Sources that have low sensitivity have a natural protective barrier. Sources that have high sensitivity are essentially without a barrier. Releases of contaminants can migrate freely to a high sensitivity source,whereas many years of travel are required for a contaminant to reach a Iow sensitivity source. Table 1-7 summarizes the sensitivity classes for the city of Bozeman water sources. The surface water intakes on Sourdough Creek and Hyalite Creek are exposed at the land surface and therefore are vulnerable to contamination. Both of these surface water sources are classified as High Sensitivity. Lyman Spring,which is a groundwater source, is also classified as High Sensitivity. This classification applied to Lyman Spring is attributed more to uncertainty than it is the known vulnerability of the spring. Groundwater flow paths to the spring are difficult to map, and consequently,the level of natural protection by geological materials is unknown. Fractured bedrock, which characterizes the spring aquifer, can also allow contaminants to move greater distances more rapidly than a porous, sand and gravel, aquifer setting. TABLE 1-7 SOURCE WATER SENSITIVITY Source Name Source Type Sensitivity CIassification Sourdough Creek Surface Water High Hyalite Creek Surface Water High Lyman Spring Fractured Carbonate Bedrock High Western Groundwater Services January 25, 2001 Page 12 1.6 Source Water Intakes This section provides additional information on the intake areas for the city of Bozeman water sources. 1.6.1 Sourdough Creek The Sourdough Creek intake is located on city-owned property. Fencing and no-entry signs protect the land area around the intake from inadvertent entry. However, deliberate entry would not be stopped by these barriers. The intake consists of a small concrete dam across the stream channel that creates an upstream pool. A steel perforated intake pipe located in the pool provides the intake. A gate valve can be used to prevent water entry into the pipeline. Figure 1-7 illustrates the intake layout. At present,water flows from the intake pipe to a settling pond, approximately 100 yds below the intake pool. From the settling pond, water flows via a buried pipeline to the city water treatment plant. During 2001, the city will reconstruct the intake area and at this time,the settling pond will be taken off-line. There are no eminent sources of contamination present in the intake area. The land surrounding the intake is an undeveloped riparian area. The access road up the drainage,however, passes along the east edge of the intake pool. Vehicle traffic on this road poses a spill risk to the channel in the event of an accident. This road is closed to the general public for motorized vehicle travel. The city of Bozeman and the U.S. Forest Service may use motorized vehicles on this road when working in the area. 1.6.2 Hyalite Creek The Hyalite Creek intake is located on Gallatin National Forest land in the Hyalite Creek channel. There are no fences or signs that prohibit entry to the intake area. The intake area has become an undeveloped recreational area for fishing and picnicking. There are no facilities developed at the intake,however, parking and a trail provide a convenient access to the stream. During favorable weather, it is common that recreation use of the intake area will occur. The Hyalite Creek intake is located at a concrete dam across the stream channel. This dam creates a large pool on the upstream side. The city of Bozeman intake consists of a concrete channel in the dam that feeds the pipeline to the water plant. The intake is protected from entry of large debris by a -inch steel bar screen. Figure 1-8 illustrates the Hyalite Creek intake area. No sources of contamination are present at the intake,which is surrounded by undeveloped riparian lands. The Hyalite Creek Road(FS #62) is a paved roadway immediately above the intake to the east. Vehicle accidents on this road pose a spill risk to the channel. This road is heavily traveled in the aTca of the intake throughout most of the year,but particularly during the summer months. 1.6.3 Lyman Spring Lyman Spring is developed with two intake locations, that are about 500 ft from one another. The intakes are located on city-owned land on the edge of Gallatin National Forest. Land entry from the Bozeman area is prevented by fencing and no trespassing signs about 2-miles below the spring. Neighboring private landowners can access the area of the spring intakes. Deliberate trespassers also can access this 8 The city of Bozemann watersheds are within the state of Montana Upper Missouri Watershed Management Region, The Lyman Creek watershed is assigned USGS 11-digit code 10020008110. The Sourdough Creek watershed is assigned USGS 11-digit code 10020008080, The Hyalite Creek watershed is assigned USGS 11-digit code 10020008090. Western Groundwater Services January 25, 200I Page 13 area. Hikers in the Bridger Mountains could walk down a steep drainage to the spring area without passing any fences or signs, although this entry way is unlikely. The spring intakes consist of horizontally lying perforated PVC pipe. The pipe is set in a gravel filter pack and buried. Turf and wild flora have grown over the pipe areas. There are two intake locations at the spring. A gate valve below the intakes can be closed to prevent spring water inflow to the water system. Figure 1-9 illustrates the spring intake layout. There are no sources of contamination present in the spring area, as it consists of remote undeveloped lands. Lyman Spring is likely the most naturally-protected of the city's water intakes, simply due to its location. The spring has been evaluated for surface water influence and was classified as groundwater. This designation indicates that potential contamination by wildlife is also unlikely. 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C> O Cr1 Z O C rn i Fn C CO O no r o � m p N .0 i LL Q7 Q 3 ' m N d — O L C d C � . . f. cli C. a co i u- r f � to � CO (O '• N O co co 1 r r r r r �' N C (sayoul) ypdaa MouS!lielmouS a fir ¢ � o CJD x.. o I . i ' rn th G7 U i 1 rnco _ N 04 l i l i j I T C3 p p T Q T O T T (n1N) Al!p!gan.L E ca s a. E w �K tU — o .Q O L E m co co i � I •IW I 'i� N i C t+ ice" i � O O O O N •- C r r r (nJLN)A#p!gjnl oa U U Q tsj ch Gate Valve Intake Pipe OQ� xe' t� G O� V To Treatment Plant via Settling Pond PLAN VIEW NOT TO SCALE Figure 7-7 Sourdough Creek Intake Western Groundwater Services N cn 4. 0 �° a�) Qo � 0 Q 4� City of Bozeman Private Intake Intake 30 Culvert (Bypass) Concrete Dom Cate Valve To Water Treatment Plant PLAN VIEW NOT TO SCALE Figure 1-8 Hyalite Creek Intake Western Groundwater Services Perforated PVC Pipe -- Sheet Pile D o m o ' Perforated PVC Pipe (above channel) 4 t 1 1 1 Manhole Cate Valve To Disinfection Treatment and Reservoir PLAN VIEW NOT TO SCALE Figure 1-9 Lyman Spring Intake Western Groundwater Services j January 25, 2001 Page 14 2 DELINEATION Delineation consists of mapping Source Water Protection Areas—protection regions that surround the water supply intakes. The protection regions provide a focus for management activities. The smaller inner regions receive the highest level of protection. The larger more distant regions are managed less stringently,relying partially on natural purification should a contamination event occur. The surface water sources, Sourdough Creels and Hyalite Creek, are delineated differently than the Lyman Spring groundwater source(see locations on Figure 2-1). For each surface water source there are two regions delineated. These regions include: • Spill Response Region This region is a %-mile wide buffer on either side of the surface water body, beginning at the source intake and extending upstream to the head of the watershed. When a large reservoir is present, such as Hyalite Reservoir,the Spill Response Region extends only '/2-mile up the tributaries feeding the reservoir. • Watershed This region includes the entire topographic watershed above the location of the source intake. Figure 2-1 presents a map of the city of Bozeman watersheds. There are three regions delineated for each groundwater source. These regions include: • Control Zone This region is a circular area with a radius of I00-feet. It is centered on the source intake. • Inventory Region For confined aquifer settings, this region is a circular area with a radius of 1,000- feet, centered at the source intake. In unconfined aquifer settings, the inventory region is computed based on groundwater hydraulics. It surrounds the intake and extends up-gradient("upstream")to the 3-year time-of-travel boundary for groundwater to flow to the source(i.e., all groundwater within the inventory region flows to the source in a time period less than 3-years). In an unconfined bedrock aquifer, such as Lyman Spring, the Inventory Region is delineated based on hydrogeological mapping. In this approach,the most important land areas contributing recharge to the spring are identified on a map based on hydrogeological analysis. Groundwater travel time is not computed. • Recharge Area This region includes the entire recharge area to the source. Often this area will coincide with a topographic boundary,but not necessarily. Boundaries exist that Iimit flow or that supply recharge, which can limit the extent of the recharge area to a groundwater source. 2.1 Delineation Methods and Limitations As noted above, delineation of Source Water Protection Areas varies for surface water and groundwater sources. Consequently,the method of delineation and the associated limitations of these methods also vary. 2.1.1 Surface Water Methods and Limitations Spill Response Region The spill response region is delineated by geographic information system(GIS)software. ArcView GIS was used in all GIS applications for this project(ESRI 1996). Line segments were created along the surface water body(Hyalite and Sourdough Creeks)beginning at the source intake and continuing to the Western Groundwater Services January 25, 2001 Page 15 uppermost e;:tent of surface ,eater in the watershed. In the case of Hyalite Creek, line segments were limited to 1/2-mile upstream along tributaries from Hyalite Reservoir. The same approach was used for the lone tributary stream into Mysd c Lake, which occurs at the head of the Sourdough drainage. The ArcView GIS buffer command was applied to the line segmts Tits, with a ,,_iffer width of 2,640 feet, or %z- mile. The newly created buffer was saved as an ArcView By application of the ArcView GIS buffer command, it becomes possible for the Spill Response Region to extend outside of the watershed. Manual editing cf the Spill Response Region boundary was performed to ensure this region was mapped entirely inside of the Watershed Region. Watershed Region Watershed regions were delineated using the Spatial Analyst Extension of ArcView GIS. Digital Elevation Models(DEMs)were downloaded from the U.S. Geological Survey. The DEMs consist of 30- meter by 30-meter grid cells with a grid-centered elevation. Hydrologic Analysis Tools in the Spatial Analyst Extension were used to map topographic divides for sub-basins and the watersheds. Limitations There are several limitations that apply to the delineation of the Spill Response and Watershed Regions. In general, however, the methods are conservative and it is unlikely that significant errors exits. The limitations may be summarized as follows: It is assumed that the Spill Response Region, based on %z-mile wide buffers will include all land areas where there may be significant sources of contamination to the water supply. It is possible but unlikely that significant source of contamination could exist outside of this Region. It is assumed that the Watershc-- Region encompasses the entire recharge area to the water supply source. While true in the vast majority of surface water drainages, it is possible that inter-basin transfer of groundwater may occur, with discharge to surface water. In these limited cases, the Watershed Region would underestimate the total recharge area to the source. Delineations are based on mapping data, such as the locations of stream channels and the land surface elevation. There are errors assoc ;-Ited with these data,related to the accuracy of the original maps and changes in the land surface that may have occurred since the maps were first created. DEMs have an associated vertical accuracy of±7-meters and a horizontal accuracy of±30-meters. It is possible that stream channel locations may have associated errors of±500-feet, which equates to '/4-inch on a 1:24,000 topographic map. The implications of these limitations are that boundaries of Source Water Protection Areas should not be considered exact,but more as guide.;nes. As a safety measure, important land uses occurring in proximity to boundaries should be evaluated as if they occur in the inner-most zone (more stringently managed). As new information is learned about the hydrology of an area, it may be necessary to revise the delineation of Source Water Protection Areas. Such revisions are particularly necessary when evaluating groundwater sources. 2.1.2 Groundwater Methods and Limitations Lyman Spring is a groundwater source and consequently, it is delineated by groundwater methods. The spring is classified as an unconfined aquifer in bedrock materials. Because bedrock formations are normally dominated by groundwater flow in fractures,the application of standard groundwater models Western Groundwater Services January 25, 2001 Page 16 can be difficult. The standard models are developed for porous media groundwater conditions, such as flow in a uniform sand or gravel deposit. Rather than applying the standard groundwater models to delineate Lyman Spring, the hydrogeologic mapping method was applied. This method was used to map the Inventory Region and the Recharge Area for Lyman Spring. Note that the Control Zone, consisting of a 100-foot fixed radius area at the spring is mapped without consideration of hydrogeology. Recharge Area The Recharge Area to Lyman Spring was mapped by considering spring elevation, total discharge of the spring, and the estimated recharge to groundwater in the southern Bridger Mountains. The Recharge Area was determined as the area in which the recharge rate to groundwater was approximately'equal to the discharge rate from Lyman Spring(measured in Lyman Creek). The Recharge Area was generally centered on the Bridger Ridge and was located at higher elevation than the spring (-5,600 ft msl). Inventory Region The Inventory Region was mapped based on the surface outcrops of geological formations that are considered to have aquifer properties (in contrast to aquitard properties which have extremely limited groundwater flow rates). Existing geological mapping of these formations was used to delineate the Inventory Region. If an aquitard was located between the surface outcropping of two aquifer formations, it also was included in the Inventory Region, A 500 ft to 1,000 ft buffer zone was also included in the Inventory Region. The Inventory Region was limited to occur only inside of the Recharge Area. Limitations Delineation of Lyman Spring was intended to be moderately conservative,providing for large Source Water Protection Areas. In this sense, the method employed does not have significant limitations with respect to Source Water Protection Planning. There is, however, a large associated uncertainty in geological and hydrogeological evaluations. This uncertainty exists in relation to estimates of groundwater recharge, estimates of the Lyman Spring discharge, mapping of geological contacts and faults, and classification of formations as aquifers and aquitards. The uncertainty can result in differences between actual and mapped Source Water Protection Areas. The Recharge Area is based on a water balance for Lyman Spring. If the groundwater recharge rate is less than the estimated rate, the mapped Recharge Area will be smaller than the actual Recharge Area. The Recharge Area is also located,by assumption, to be approximately centered on the Bridger Ridge. This assumption could be incorrect, in which case,the actual Recharge Area may in part be located outside of the mapped Recharge Area. Mapping of the Inventory Region is based on geological mapping and classification of formations as aquifers and aquitards. This mapping method assumes that aquifer formations are more important contributors of groundwater than aquitards, and that geological mapping in the area is generally accurate. It is likely that geological contacts may be incorrectly located, with offsets of 100 to 500 feet. Formations could also be wrongly designated as aquifers and aquitards. Misclassification becomes more likely in the Bridger Mountains due to the abundance of fractures that exist in the rocks. Western Groundwater Services January 25, 2001 Page 17 2.2 Surface Water Delineation The Sourdough and Hyalite Creek surface water supplies are primarily recharged by precipitation that falls onto the land surface within the topographic bour :lanes of the watershed. This precipitation can migrate directly to the cr:eks as surface runoff. It car. so infiltrate the ground and later discharge into the creeks as groundwater discharge. It also becomes ;.-,red in the snow pack, and later moves into the creeks as surface runoff. During spring, the majority• ,vater in the creeks is from direct runoff and snowmelt. During late summer, fall and winter,the majority of water in the creeks is from groundwater discharge. In the case of Hyalite Creek, a large proportion of water is stored in Hyalite Reservoir during the spring runoff period, and this water is released through the summer and fall, suppleigi,sting the natural groundwater discharge. Sourdough and Hyalite Creeks are drainages with many similarities. Both emanate from the Gallatin Range south of Bozeman and are separated by only a few miles of mountain ridges. The headwater areas are separated by only a mountain pass. Land cover consists primarily of conifer forests with locally dense shrubs and bushes, thinning at higher elevation. Stream channel margins also are heavily vegetated. The headwater areas are characterized by lower-density alpine vegetation, with mountain summits extending 1,000 to 2,000 vertical feet above tree-line. Both channels are presently down-cutting through uncor: Aidated sediments, although bedrock also occurs in the channel bottoms. The channels are general: straight runs without meanders. Erratic bends occur,mostly as a result of resistant geological condition;. A typical mixture of riffles and pools occur repeatedly down the channels. Riffle bottoms are primarily freestone gravel, cobbles, .,nd moderately large boulders, whereas finer grained sediments have accumulated in the pool areas. D c to differences in geological conditions, Sourdough Creek transports a much finer bedload than Hyalite Creek. The Hyalite Creek channel contains a multitude of large boulders, creating a more classic"pocket water" fishery. These boulders appear to be primarily Archean basement rocks, consisting of schist and gneiss. Large erosional events are limited due to the vegetative cover in both drainages, although it is possible for a limited number of bank sloughs to occur during high water periods. The streams generally run clear year round,with relatively low turbidity. During spring runoff, whitewater conditions are common along nearly the entire channel length of both streams. One of the major differences between the two watersheds is the presence of Hyalite Reservoir in the Hyalite drainage. This reservoir is fed by several tributaries from the adjacent mountain highlands. It adds considerably to the residence time of these discharges in the drainage. It also acts as a sedimentation basin,removing the majority of the particulate matter that is eroded from the tributary channels. The headwater area of Sourdough Creek includes Mystic Lake, a much smaller waterbody in comparison to Hyalite Reservoir. Mystic Lake has the same effects of sedimentation and increased residence time. It is fed by one of the two upper tributaries in the Sourdough Creek watershed. Mystic Lake is a natural lake that was dammed to increase storage by the Army Corps of Engineers. The dam was operated by the Bozeman Creek Water Users Association. It was intentionally breached in 1984— 1985 due to unsafe conditions related to unstable geology. 2.2.1 Sourdough Creek In the vicinity of the city of Bozeman intake,the Sourdough Creek channel gradient averages 2.9%, (2.9 feet per 100 feet). Discharge data for the period from 1951 — 1953 for Sourdough Creek were obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey website(http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis-w/MT/). These data were collected at a temporary gauging station located approximately 2,000 feet upstream from the intake. Western Groundwater Services January 25, 2001 Page 18 Figure 2-2 presents a stream hydrograph, with discharge plotted versus time. Peak flow for the period of record was 233 cubic feet per second(cfs),with the peak occurring during May of each year. Low flow conditions were consistently in the range from 5 to 10 cfs and occur during late winter. The discharge is presented in terms of probabilities on Figure 2-39. A median(50%probability) discharge of 17 cfs was determined from these data. The 90`''and 95'h percentiles were 72 cfs and 112 cfs,respectively. By assuming a rectangular channel profile and applying Manning's equation, stream flow velocity was estimated as a function of stream discharge(Gupta 1989). The estimated velocities are shown on Figure 2-4 plotted versus the stream discharge. Stream flow velocity associated with the median flow rate of 17 cfs is estimated at 3.21 feet per second (fps), indicating a 4-hour travel distance of 8.75 miles. Mystic Lake is located only 6.4 miles upstream from the intake. Stream flow velocity increases to 4.45 fps for. the 901h percentile flow(72 cfs) and to 4.65 fps for the 95''percentile flow(112 cfs). Figure 2-5 presents the delineated Watershed and Spill Response Regions for the Sourdough Creek intake. The Watershed Region is mapped to the topographic boundaries of the drainage. It extends below the intake as shown on the figure,however, for Source Water Protection Planning only those areas above the intake are of interest. The total area of the Watershed Region is 33 square-miles. The Spill Response Region is mapped as the %2-mile.buffer on either side of Sourdough Creek, extending to the headwaters or %2-mile up the tributary into Mystic Lake. The Spill Response Region has a total area of 12 square-miles. 2.2.2 Hyalite Creek The channel gradient of Hyalite Creek near to the City's intake averages 3.1% (3.1 feet per 100 feet), essentially the same as for Sourdough Creek. There is a substantial record of stream flow data for Hyalite Creek, and a U.S. Geological Survey stream gage is presently in operation. The gage is located approximately 3,000 feet upstream from the intake. To characterize stream flow for this report, a period of record from 1986 to 1994 was selected. The data were downloaded from the U.S. Geological Survey website, as noted above. Figures 2-6 through 2-8 present information to characterize the Hyalite Creek stream flow. The hydrograph shown on Figure 2-6 illustrates the typical pattern of discharge occurring on an annual period. Peak stream flow occurs during May and June, with flows in the range from 400 to 500 cfs. The low flows of late winter are in the range from 15 to 25 cfs. The probability of stream flow rate,based on the observed data, is provided on Figure 2-7. Median flow rate is 36 cfs. The W, and 95"'percentile flow rates are 145 and 200 cfs,respectively. Stream flow velocity was estimated based on the volumetric flow rates, Manning's equation, and the assumption of a rectangular channel. Figure 2-8 provides the estimated velocities,ranging from about 2.5 to 5 fps. Stream flow velocity corresponding to the median flaw is estimated at 4.1 fps indicating a 4-hour travel distance of 11.2 miles. Hyalite Reservoir is located only 7.8 miles upstream from the intake. The 90"'percentile flow corresponds to an estimated velocity of 4.8 fps. The 95"'percentile flow corresponds to a slightly greater estimated velocity of 4.9 fps. Source Water Protection Areas for the Hyalite Creek intake are presented on Figure 2-9. The Watershed Region includes the entire Hyalite Creek drainage, above and below Hyalite Reservoir. It has a land area of 51 square-miles. The Spill Response Region,which is drawn as the '/2-mile buffer area on either side of the channel,has an area of 18.7 square-miles. As noted above,the Spill Response Region extends only %2-mile upstream along tributaries into Hyalite Reservoir. 9 This plot indicates the probability,or chance,for the flow to be less than a given flow. For example,there is a 50%probability(median),or chance,that the flow will be less than 17 cfs. Western Groundwater Services January 25, 2001 Page 19 2.2.3 Contaminant Plume Travel Time Surface water supplies are vulnerable to chemical liquids spilled directly into the water body. Assessment of the travel time for a contaminant plume to move downstream from a spill is useful for planning source water protection activities. An attempt was made here to provide information on a 15-gallon spill of a liquid with a density of 8 lbs/gallon. The stream flow at the time of the spill was set equal to the median flow(17 efs for Sourdough Cr.; 36 efs for Hyalite Cr.). This moderately low flow represents a condition when a spill could have a more serious impact due to the lower dilution factor in the stream. Gasoline spilled from a ruptured car fuel tank may be an example of this type of spill. Such a spill event could occur along Hyalite Creek as a result of a vehicle accident on the Hyalite Reservoir Road. The formulas to estimate plume travel time and concentration were obtained from Fischer et. al. (1979). Worksheets detailing the calculations and the results are provided in Appendix C. Figures 2-10 through 2-12 provide graphs of the calculation output. The results shown should be considered generally accurate to within a factor of 5 (or higher). In other words, a result with a value of 50 could range from 10 to 250. This type of accuracy, or lack thereof, is common to predictions of contaminant transport in surface water. Field measurements of contaminant transport during controlled experiments (in surface water)are normally accurate to only a factor of 2 (Fischer et al. 1979). Figures 2-10 and 2-11 illustrate estimated travel times for spills in Sourdough and Hyalite Creeks, respectively. The x-axis is the distance the spill has traveled. It can also be considered the distance upstream from the source water intake to where the spill occurred. The y-axis represents travel time in minutes. Considering Figure 2-10 for Sourdough Creek, a spill occurring at 1-mile upstream from the intake would first arrive at the intake in about 20-minutes. The maximum contaminant concentration would occur at about 28-minutes. The plume would be essentially past the intake by about 37-minutes. The results on Figures 2-10 and 2-11 indicate a spill occurring within a few miles of an intake will require a rapid response in order to prevent entry into the water system. A highly coordinated response would be required to prevent entry of a spill even when the first arrival time was 60-minutes or longer(spill location beyond 3-miles from intake). It would generally not be possible to prevent spill entry for shorter travel times(spill within 3-miles from intake) without implementation of special facility design and/or operation procedures. Figure 12 displays calculation results for the maximum concentration of the plume as a function of distance downstream from where the spill occurred. The y-axis of this plot is the plume concentration in units of milligrams per liter(mg/Q. It is the whole-liquid concentration. Thus,if gasoline were spilled, the graph estimates the concentration of gasoline in units of mg/L. It is a reasonable assumption that the plume has little variation in concentration across the stream and with depth, and that the concentrations shown on Figure 2-12 would be measurable in the source water intake. The maximum concentration for a spill occurring at F/4-miles from an intake is about 120 mg/L. Maximum plume concentration declines moderately slowly with distance. For spills occurring at 6-miles from the intake, the maximum concentration remains at levels in excess of 20 mg/L. Western Groundwater Services January 25, 2001 Page 20 2.3 Groundwater Delineation 2.3.1 Lyman Spring This section describes the delineation of Source Water Protection Areas for Lyman Spring. Overview Lyman Spring is located in an area of fascinating geology, located at the southern end of the Bridger Mountains. This area was first studied in detail by McMannis(1952), who prepared geological maps and cross sections over the entire range in fulfillment of a Ph.D. Thesis at Princeton University. The work completed for this Thesis is particularly impressive given the equipment, base mapping(or lack thereof), and means of travel (i.e., foot) that were available. McMannis' work has been found generally accurate to the present. More recent work on the structural geology of the Bridger Mountains has been completed by Lageson (1989), Professor of Geology at Montana State University. This work provides an excellent . description of the structural history of the Bridger Mountains over the past 3 billion years. Custer (unpublished), also a Professor of Geology at Montana State University, has compiled geological maps for the Bridger Range and Gallatin Valley. He has created a GIS database of this information. The GIS data, which was invaluable to this project, was willingly provided by Dr. Custer. Groundwater discharging from Lyman Spring first enters the ground on both the east and west sides of the Bridger Mountains. The groundwater on the east side of the range actually flows through a topographic ridge, which is a somewhat unique occurrence. It is possible that some groundwater discharging from Lyman Spring first enters the ground as far north as Saddle Peak. Groundwater in the Bridger Mountains is recharged by precipitation onto the land surface. A substantial amount of this precipitation occurs as snow and forms the mountain snow pack. When snowmelt occurs and during heavy rain, some of the water seeps into the rocks forming the mountains and some forms surface water runoff, discharging into the local streams. It is expected that some of the surface water runoff also enters the ground where streams cross rocks that have large openings formed by fractures and caves. One of these formations that is noted to have such features is called the Madison. The Madison is a rock formation of an ancient seabed10. The rocks,referred to as limestone and dolomite, form striking gray cliffs throughout the area. This formation in places has large voids that formed when parts of the rock were dissolved. There is also intense fracturing present in the Bridger Mountains due to the mountain building process. In combination, the Madison has properties that make it a good groundwater reservoir. The Madison is presumed to be the most important formation related to the Lyman Spring discharge, but there are also other rock formations involved. The direction of groundwater flow in the Bridger Mountains near to Lyman Spring is southerly,but can vary locally. A large fault runs up the Lyman Creek drainage to the summit of Baldy Mountain, acting as a collection "drain"for groundwater in the mountains. Groundwater can flow into the fault from either the east or west, and then flows southerly in the fault plane. The Lyman Spring discharge appears to occur directly from the fault plane at the headwaters of Lyman Creek. 10 The"Madison"is geologically classified as the Madison Group. It includes two formations(Lodgepole and Mission Canyon)and each formation has two members. The formation age is Mississippian,which spans from 320 to 345 million years before present. Most of the transmissivity occurs in the Upper Member of the Mission Canyon Formation,which is about 300 ft in thickness. Western Groundwater Services January 25,2001 page 21 Hydrogeologic Units The geological section occurring in the Bridger Range includes rocks form Archean to Quaternary in age, a span of over 3 billion years. An excellent summary of these formations is provided in Appendix D. A hydrogeologic map(Custer unpublished) is provided on Figure 2-13 and geological cross sections(by McMannis 1952) are provided on Figure 2-1411. Table 2-1 provides a key for symbols used in the cross sections on Figure 2-14. TABLE 2-1 FORMATION SYMBOLS Age Symbol Rock Type Formation Names Tertiary Tkl Mudstone—Sandstone Livingston Group (< 65) Cretaceous Kce Mudstone—Sandstone Colorado and Eagle (65 — 136) Kc Mudstone Colorado Kk Mudstone—Sandstone Kootenai Jurassic J Mudstone—Sandstone Morrison, Ellis Group (136— 195) Permian— Paq Mudstone—Sandstone Amsden, Quadrant Pennsylvanian (225—320) Mississippian Mme Limestone—Dolomite Madison Group—Mission Canyon (320—345) Mlp Limestone—Dolomite Madison Group—Lodgepole Devonian D Mudstone—Limestone Jefferson, Three Forks, Maywood (345 —395) Cambrian C Mudstone—Limestone Snowy Range to Flathead (500—570) Precambrian PCa Metamorphic Gneiss None designated (>2,000) Ages are listed in units of millions of years before present. The location of major aquifer units, as designated by Custer(unpublished), are mapped on Figure 2-13. Structural data shown on this figure were digitized from the earlier work by McMannis (1952). The primary aquifer unit occurring above Lyman Spring is considered to be the Mission Canyon Formation of the Madison Group. These rocks, which are about 300 million years old, consist of marine limestone deposits. Permeability and porosity occurring in the formation is normally attributed to dissolution cavities, which are most common at the top of the unit (Roberts 1966). Dissolution of evaporite minerals, such as anhydrite, is speculated where solution breccias are observed in rock outcrops. In the Bridger Mountains, it is also likely that fractures, occurring in fault zones and as rock jointing, contribute significantly to the permeability. The Pennsylvanian Quadrant Quartzite and the Cretaceous Kootenai Formation may also be important aquifer units to Lyman Spring, and are included in the mapped aquifer units on Figure 2-13. 11 Note that Figure 2-13 shows locations for several cross sections prepared by McMannis(1952). Only sections AA' and BB' are presented in this report. Western Groundwater Services January 25, 2001 Page 22 Figure 2-13 shows a fault running northeasterly from Lyman Spring to near the summit of Baldy Mountain. This fault, referred to here as the Lyman Spring Fault, appears to be the major conduit for groundwater discharge at the spring'. It appears that this fault collects groundwater from the adjoining formations and transmits flow to the spring. A small band of Mission Canyon and Quadrant Quartzite extends from Lyman Spring to the north. These aquifers are likely a contributor of groundwater to Lyman Spring. However, the majority of the surface outcropping of aquifer units exist to the east from Lyman Spring, on the east side of the Bridger Ridge. Aquitard units, as shown on Figure 2-13 and 2-14, separate these major aquifers from the Lyman Spring Fault and Lyman Spring. Consequently,there must be a fracture flow connection that enables groundwater flow from the east-side aquifer units to the Lyman Spring Fault. Figure 2-14 (Section B-B') shows the Lyman Spring Fault as a high-angle easterly dipping structure. There is most likely fractures that connect the aquifer units to this fault. The fractures may be westerly dipping, subparallel to the fold axis of these strata. They may be vertical or sub-vertical with an east-west orientation. They may also be westerly dipping and related to normal faults on the west side of the Bridger Range. Structural History The structural history of the Bridger Mountains is summarized here based on the work by Lageson (1989) and Skipp et al. (1999), This technical information was contemplated in determining the Lyman Spring Source Water Protection Areas. It is documented here for future reference and those interested in a structural overview of the Bridger Mountains. Event 1: During late Proterozoic time(w1.5 billion years ago), east-west oriented normal faulting occurred. The Proterozoic Belt Supergroup Lahood Formation was deposited north of Ross Pass. Today these rocks occur only north of Ross Pass. To the south of Ross Pass much older Archean gneiss is present. Erosion of the Archean gneiss occurred to form,the Lahood Formation deposit, which is a conglomerate near to the fault and transitions to deep lake beds farther to the north. Event 2: About 55 to 60 million years ago, compressional stresses thrust rocks easterly(Sevier orogeny). Thin-skinned thrusting occurred along new thrusts, but also along reactivated Precambrian faults, such as the Pass Fault occurring at Ross Pass. This thrusting can be seen most clearly in the Fairy Lake area of the range,but it has been dramatically influenced by later compression(see below). Event 3: About 50 to 55 million years ago, a larger compressional event occurred,resulting in deep- seated thrusting(Laramide orogeny). The deep seated thrusting did not have a large associated translation, but it exposed the older basement rocks of Archean and Proterozoic age. In the Bridger Mountains, a large basement uplift occurred that resulted in severe folding of the Paleozoic section (younger rocks, such as the Madison Group). These rocks were overturned in places and generally have very steep easterly dip elsewhere on the east side of the Bridger Ridge. Fault structures formed during the Sevier Orogeny (above)also were folded. The major thrust fault that caused the uplift does not penetrate to land surface, and is referred to as the Sub-Bridger Thrust Zone. It has been mapped based on subsurface exploration data. Event 4: In the time span from about 15 to 25 million years ago,the Bridger Mountains were subjected to crustal extension. This structural event occurring in the Bridger range is considered to be the northerly extent of the Basin and Range structural province,which occupies most of Nevada. The Range Front Fault of the Bridger's (westerly fault on Figure 2-13 and shown on west side of sections on Figure 2-14) ''`McMannis(1952)refers to this fault as the Lyman Creek--Baldy Mountain Fault. Western Groundwater Services January 25, 2001 Page 23 was formed. This fault, which has other associated faults,is a major structure that apparently truncated the western half of the Bridger Mountains. The west half of the range was displaced westerly and downward relative to the existing east half of the range(only the east half of the range is presently visible). The west half of the range is now buried beneath the Gallatin Valley. It is estimated that perhaps 71 000 feet of sediment has been deposited in the valley on top of the former we iialf of the Bridger Mountains. Lyman Spring Discharge Stream flow data for Lyman Creek were available for the period from 1951 to 1953. These data were collected at a temporary gauging station below the city of Bozeman intakes. The data were obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey website, as noted above. Figure 2-15 presents a hydrograph of stream flow for the period of record. Peak flow in the stream was 18 cfs occurring during July 1952. Low flow ranged from 2 to 3 cfs and occurred during late winter. For the purposes of this study, it was assumed that all discharge in Lyman Creek was spring discharge. This assumption is valid during most of the year, however,it is likely that a surface runoff component exists during spring (particularly given the large variation in discharge through the year). The quantity of water used by the city of Bozeman and any other losses upstream from the gauge have not been evaluated. Total discharge in the creek averaged 4,026 acre-feet during the 1951 — 1953 monitoring period. Groundwater Recharge Water balance calculations were made for the Bridger Mountains in order to estimate groundwater recharge to the aquifers of this area. Appendix E presents a calculation worksheet. Input data consisted of precipitation and temperature data for the Bozeman area. Precipitation was multiplied by an assum factor of 1.5 to account for higher precipitation in the Bridger Mountains. Runoff was set equal to 101/0 o1' the precipitation for undeveloped terrain. Evapotranspiration was computed according to the Thornthwaite Method(Gupta 1989). Deep percolation,or groundwater recharge, was computed using monthly values for the water balance and while accounting for soil moisture. A ground-vater recharge rate of h inches/vear was estimated. Rnsed on the spring discharge of 4 026 acre-feel r ,nvel the lanri -- -- --- -"- -r----o M----o- -- 'I--- ---- __... ,_.....,_" ..... ....... area contributing recharge to Lyman Spring is estimated at 12.6 square-miles. Groundwater Flow Direction Lyman Spring is located at the southern end of the Bridger Mountains at an elevation of approximately 5,600 feet. Land areas to the west and south are at lower elevation than the spring. Consequently, groundwater recharge must occur from the area to the north and east. Groundwater flow direction to the spring is anticipated to be southerly toward the Lyman Spring Fault(Figures 2-13 and 2-14). Locally, groundwater flow into the fault zone may be easterly or westerly, however, the net flow to the spring occurs from north to south. Western Groundwater Services January 25,2001 Page 24 Lyman Spring Delineation Source Water Protection Areas for Lyman Spring are presented on Figure 2-16. The Recharge Area of 13.5 square-miles extends north to Saddle Peak. This area is slightly larger than the estimated recharge area to Lyman Spring (12.6 square-miles). The Recharge Area was estimated to be approximately centered on the Bridger Ridge and to include only land areas at elevations greater than 5,600 feet,the elevation of the spring. The Inventory Region, also shown on Figure 2-16,has an area of 7.5 square- miles. It is located to inclu&all major aquifer units with surface outcrops inside of the Recharge Area. There is an approximately 500 ft to 1,000 ft buffer applied to the Inventory Region. Aquitard formations located between aquifers also have been included within the Inventory Region. Western Groundwater Services r y N � E D o ` (D 1502 w . .. ... .... : s w J W .y r � i y L m t , N Y t } r � . c r x I i 'r 0 �i L k T L � c L L " •S iF 'ter 1 ` w t I i - - •9 i i i 1 _} I -ro r N c� N Q� T L � M T LLLO cr) T N S r Q. M L co O r L 2 M Y LO SEMI r L CV) to N .� M 00 O V M L LO (n r N N ID 04 11) (co O LO r IQ w 3 c • N = 0 C to C' O N L N Lc) _O a+ c ?y 7 t0 04 N r LO ti O to 00 CO CD LO CD V- M O LO r O to O LO O LO O to O L O N LO N CD1- Lo N O 1,- LO N N N N r r s- r (sIO)00leyostQ M M Ln N 0) O � L � O LL Q) LO r N y.i O a L - N .Q i O L i G. m 0 01 N L V U) B `n Y n 41 L L C� U 0 n � 04 m C v v V X 3 °' O II v ) N � � 3 O N G O ti. 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N .- p O O O O O O O O O A;!IigegoJd ani;elnwnC) N 'v d O Cf3 > E �: O O O f° LL w fly .w y W ad L V O •� U = O N O � N II N ui N d Cl) !4 � t � 1I 21 � p O ui 0 Cl C (Y) � N !1 p k G CV U M f!1 O. O � II CO to ti ch N O (sd;)410018n aft-WAy pa;ewi;s3 coo CL LO to cr CID IF do WM c 0 Im VIM 0 U3 to 0 gg. CL "T qvs Ru L-L-t LLI IT, tm FT 'An -4-L IF o as E N o z > r _� to 1 � U. H I: N I : E °' a I x U r co CO co N r CO U-) 3 1 N o O I r @ U L a) 'a I p > C O D O O C O O > (D cc C C -0 " C C CD a) (U CO CO N to E CO U U a 1 ; co V! m 1 E � 1 • _ m m � I LO E 3 m 1 Vl E 1 . H c+) cn E N N -L I N \ 0 00 0 o (sa;num)awll laneal auanld • � d E N it o 2 > I' LL ~ I I E FL L 4 U ~ W 00 r [2 UO (OD 3 o a� c c O m m I I ' w (0 U U • I i I I ; II E I 'h c � d 3 C � w N C yW � H C I (0 I Q I � N C U � E � a 0 0 0 0 .- 0 0 o (sa;nulw)aw!1 laneJl awnld N c r' O N L `N O O V E E .X R as c : a mc a� : U 0 0 m ayi v E m •a u) 0 3 (D 0 c c :° o o � 6 `r c : toC y U) 00 A0 ) E c 4) cn o N 07 N O O O O � a- (-I/6w) pinbi-1;o uoi;ei;ue3uoo wnwixeW I - j I C - '- U I 1 D EXPLANATION ® Lyman Spring intake location same Peak Geological cross section location and designation \ - ' Fault location, U indicates upthrown side; D indicates downthrown side. Fault may be D visible at surface, inferred,or concealed. D U Peak -- Aquitard formations. Includes various rocks ranging from Tertiary mudstone to Archean gneiss. Aqu`�� lfer Pennsylv an an sandstolnes�nsists of Cretaceous B and _ ® Aquifer formation. Mission Canyon Formation of `� the Mississipian Madison Group. SADDLE MOUNTAIN ` 1 Aeldy A _ D I , N - i .. i U Qfhan 5000 0 5000 10000 Feet - I Notes: - _ p _ - _- Geology and hydrostratigraphy provided by Custer (unpublished),who compiled many other resources. ; = �•`- 'A' F Structural geology obtained from McMannis(1952). F' Fault types are not distinguished on the map shown �_.-• - here. The major fault on the west side of the map J� - - _.-. _ _ _ YON - is Normal. The major fault that runs northeasterly from '�- -- -- i , „ ;�----�....._,_ ,• _ ---- Lyman Spring is an east dipping thrust. KELLY CANYON L—T- T1 1 •1 17 Figure 2-13 Hydrogeo9ogic Map of the Southern Bringer Mountains Western Groundwater Services 0 WEST Lyman Spring Fault EAST Mmc 8000 Mmc Mmc Paq > a Paq `' ,, Kk 7000 Pl C = S W D z3�5 I Kce fA c .z r {r C MiP Mip J Kc 6000 c C C D J r 4 J 5000 a O 4 D �, v } pCa ,Y '' 3 � �' � Tics pDa f j 4000 �r PC° 41 000 2000 LJ WEST EAST A A' Mmc Paq 7000 Lyman Spring Kk Kce v D MIP C F 6000 ° C Mmc � \ J >, PCO c MIP C J J Kc rt 5000 D Y C TkI C O PCO x i x 4000 i c5 3000 4. s a PC° F Q t 2000 Q v� L 1000 Aquifer formations indicated by shading. (unshaded areas considered to be aquitards) 0 2000 4007 Refer to text for explanations of formation symbols. Horizontal Scale in Feet Vertical Exaggeration: IX Geological crass sections by McMannis (1952). Figure 2-14 Lyman Spring Geological Cross Sections Western Groundwater Services Ln M •c- LO N co d � C � Ln i r co Q M � � 0 w v... t0 t0 i dLr) OIq -M Cl)lr� Q1 Cf) LL iz:LO ca {gyp{r� r r r (1j ff+ co 0 CIS ` t` ••t O O Q coco co co 1 t 117 O O 3i iz- N •� d V N .W i o c OD j : 1 � C L CD En l - co------ -�. ___ - r c 75 LO i c r O 00 tD V N O W co ct N O N r c— Cp (sra)oBjeyosia m N QMe.• or- ............ a rMIS 10 Amp ,1�",,i. ',,5jh.. 'Y.-x .,- .'rr R `e,��•.. a5y�„_ �t;��`, a �s�,������,k��7 "�T :3� `�"'sat}� �, ��-.; SS"'. .�-` •""� Fri`r��?� ���' _"...., ' �,•��.� :r� a' a�, '�'' � � w^^:t�,y �� �,a� v �&; �,a' '� � R � � .'k.��,', �v7 s���.�� A rra.a _x��� rr �.- �' r4�'•-- � �`-ri, t �n�£�:n�.r+' fl k >�!�X'^�;go-"'+' v4� �� k�r - ' a[ '�;�^y� ,�,�..': t s �" �w,53....'a' �^-`�t�`.• t 1 �,�. � .,;.�,��es`Rry�v.t y'�a�"�i. -� •"��t `' t F '�sv s{�'s�3:`�'�"to r.k �<x �L. � .�+��„�'Ja'�4i`�..�.. 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W G A a J w V' � m m N N l+l � w ,v�- [z ri z-.MEMOS o N f t January 25, 2001 Page 25 3 CONTAMINANT SOURCE INVENTORY This section inventories potential and existing contaminant sources that may impact source water quality in Sourdough and Hyalite Creeks and at Lyman Spring. The city of Bozeman watersheds occur primarily in rural federal lands that are non-commercial and have limited agricultural use. Consequently, contaminant sources that are typical of urban and agricultural areas, such as gasoline storage tanks, commercial facilities, croplands, and feed lots, are not present. The following types of potential contaminant sources do not exist in the city of Bozeman watersheds: • Point sources of hazardous chemicals (e.g., solvents, hydrocarbon fuels) • Storm water discharge outfalls • Moderate to high densities of septic systems • Sewer collection systems and wastewater effluent outfalls • Cropped agricultural lands and feed lots • Pipelines and major transportation corridors It may be a reasonable assumption that these types of sources will not exist in the future, for at.least the next 20 to 50 years. Continued absence of these land uses from the watersheds should be one of the most important source water protection activities pursued by the city of Bozeman. This SWDAR focuses on the types of sources that may be important in the city of Bozeman watersheds, which are summarized in Table 3-1. Additional information regarding these sources is provided in the remainder of this section. This information is presented based on a review of existing data sources, consisting of maps and published reports. The quality of the information presented here can be no better than the quality of the reference materials. The Contaminant Source Inventory should be updated annually, including a review of new reference materials, when available, and periodic field surveys of the watersheds. TABLE 3-1 POTENTIAL CONTAMINANT SOURCES Potential Contamination Source Type of Contaminant Forest access(paved, unpaved roads) Sediment, petroleum fuels Forest fires Sediment, ash Livestock grazing Sediment,pathogens Mining Trace metals,petroleum fuels, sediment Oil and gas Petroleum product, drilling fluids, sediment Recreation Sediment,petroleum fuels,pathogens Timber harvesting Sediment,petroleum fuels Wildlife habitat Pathogens Western Groundwater Services January 25, 2001 Page 26 3.1 Inventory Methods This contaminant source inventory was completed primarily by contacting individuals at the U.S. Forest Service in Bozeman who work on the Gallatin National Forest. Information was obtained from these individuals in the form of GIS data files, reports, and personal communication (USFS 2000). Land section data that was used to focus these information sources is shown on Figure 3-1. Digital images of air-photos were also obtained for the watershed areas. The photos were plotted in the watershed areas and the Source Water Protection Areas were overlaid onto the maps. These air-photo maps, which are presented on large sheets, can be viewed at the city of Bozeman. Land use data for the watersheds was also obtained from the state of Montana Natural Resources Information System (NRIS) by downloading from the state's website(http://nris.state.mt.us). The land use data were actually prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey(USGS). 3.2 USGS Land Use Designations The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)has produced maps of the United States showing present land use. The maps exist at a scale of 1: 100,000. Their origin is not well documented, however, they were likely developed by processing air-photos,which may be from the 1980s to early 1990s. Electronic copies of the maps for the Bozeman area were accessed from the state of Montana NRIS website. Figure 3-2 presents USGS land use designations for the city of Bozeman watersheds. All land areas above the source water intakes are designated as open land use. Open lands provide the greatest degree of natural protection to either surface or ground waters. There are no urban,cropped agriculture, feed lots, or mining land uses within the watersheds. The absence of these land uses is highly favorable for source water protection. Open lands are susceptible to wild fires, either naturally- or human-started. Wild fire is a significant threat to water quality in the Sourdough and Hyalite Creek watersheds. Extensive fires in these areas could result in high sediment loadings to the stream channels, as well as ash deposition. It is likely the city would shut down intakes under certain conditions related to wild fires. The Lyman Spring water supply will be protected from wild fire because it is a groundwater source. However, it is conceivable that the fractured carbonate bedrock aquifer of this source could show some increase in turbidity in the years following a major wild fire. The main access road along Hyalite Creek would be considered a transportation land use, however, it is not identified in the USGS land use maps, likely due to its small size. Transportation land uses pose a threat to water quality by the potential for vehicle accidents and associated fuel spills. The history on Hyalite Creek has shown that accidents into the creek and associated spills have not affected the city's use of water. Future increases in recreation will result in higher vehicle numbers and greater probability for a major accident into the stream channel. 3.3 Land Ownership & Jurisdiction Land ownership in the city of Bozeman watersheds is shown on Figure 3-3. These data were obtained from the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) in GIS format. The city of Bozeman owned land at Lyman Spring is not shaded because it exists outside of Gallatin National Forest. The largest land owner in the city of Bozeman watersheds is the federal government, and these lands are managed by the USFS. All federal lands in the city of Bozeman watersheds are within Gallatin National Forest(GNF). Gallatin National Forest is managed by five Ranger Districts and a Forest Supervisor's Western Groundwater Services January 25, 2001 Page 27 Office. The city of Bozeman watersheds are located within the area managed by the Bozeman Ranger District(406-522-2520, USDA Building). GNF planning, which also includes the area of the city's watersheds, is completed by the Forest Supervisor's Office(406-587-6701, Federal Building). Privately owned land in the city of Bozeman watersheds exists along the watershed boundaries and in the interior. On Figure 3-3, shading is used to show the location of privately owned lands, owned by the city of Bozeman, that are located inside of Gallatin National Forest. The city of Bozeman is the only private land owner with parcels inside of the GNF boundary. Unshaded areas of private land shown on Figure 3- 3 in the watersheds are outside of the GNF boundary. The city of Bozeman parcels inside of Gallatin National Forest include about 6.5 sections of land in the Sourdough Creek watershed. The intake on Sourdough Creek is located on city-owned lands. The city of Bozeman also owns land at Lyman Spring, which is not shaded on Figure 3-3 because it is located outside of the GNF boundary. The city of Bozeman does not have any land ownership in the Hyalite Creek watershed. The Hyalite Creek intake is Iocated on the federally owned lands of Gallatin National Forest. The federal government has jurisdiction over all federally owned lands, which includes any lands designated as Gallatin National Forest. Privately-owned parcels in the watersheds are within Gallatin County, outside of the city of Bozeman limits. These parcels are governed by Gallatin County and the state of Montana, even when owned by the city of Bozeman. The city of Bozeman has limited potential to develop rules and regulations in any of the watersheds independently of the federal government, Gallatin County, and the state of Montana. There are several Montana Codes that may be pursued and provide the city some ability to regulate for source water protection purposes beyond the city limits(DEQ 1999,Table 7). These Montana Codes include, for example: • 7-4-4306 MCA: The mayor may exercise such power vested by ordinance to enforce public health ordinances and regulations in all places within 5 miles of the city limits; • 7-21-4204 MCA: The city or town has the power, within the city or within 3 miles, to regulate any offensive and unwholesome establishments; • 7-33-4205 MCA: The city or town has the power to regulate and prevent the storage of kerosene, oils and inflammable materials within 3 miles of the city limits. The lack of jurisdiction by the city of Bozeman in the watershed areas is undesirable in terms of source water protection. It is preferable for a water system to have the ability to make rules for source water protection, should it be decided that new rules are needed. The lack of jurisdiction is not necessarily detrimental, as the other governing bodies will be interested to assist the city in protection of a municipal water supply, and water quality standards exist that must be met on these lands. There is potential, however, for the other governing bodies to possibly overlook the city of Bozeman interests in these watersheds. For this reason,the city of Bozeman should establish direct communication with the governing bodies with the specific purpose of source water protection. The city should meet with each governing body on a regular basis to learn about activities occurring in the watershed areas, and to provide comments where applicable. Western Groundwater Services January 25, 2001 Page 28 3.4 Gallatin Forest Plan The Gallatin Forest Plan (GFP) was published in the mid-1980s(USDA-FS ca. 1987), and describes the intended management of the forest extending to the year 2035. The GFP will be updated in three to five years. This section uses information from the GFP in the city of Bozeman watersheds. Copies of the GFP may be obtained or borrowed from the Forest Supervisor's Office in Bozeman (P.O. Box 130, Bozeman, MT 59771). 3 A.1 Water Quality The GFP begins with statements of goals and objectives. One of the goals is to protect water quality to meet or exceed state of Montana standards. There are three corresponding objectives to this goal under a subsection entitled Water and Soils. Objectives—Water and Soils • Municipal watersheds will be managed to meet State water quality standards. • Watersheds will be managed by application of"best management practices". Management standards have been set to mitigate impacts occurring to the watershed resource from land use activities. • In drainages with intermingled ownership, the Forest Service will work closely with the private landowners to develop watershed objectives and,where necessary, schedule management activities to ensure the desired condition of the watershed is maintained. The GFP also includes a section of Forest-Wide Standards, which are to be met by projects and developments occurring in Gallatin National Forest. Several standards are listed within a subsection entitled Water and Soils, and are outlined below. Forest-Wide Standards—Water and Soils • The Forest Soil Survey will be incorporated into resource area analysis. • Best management practices(BMPs) will be used on all Forest watersheds in the planning and implementation of project activities. • Require a watershed cumulative effects feasibility analysis of projects involving significant vegetation removal. • Sufficient amounts of water necessary to carry out Forest operations will be claimed in accordance with State water rights law. • Comply with Executive Order 11990 (Protection of Wetlands) and Forest Service policy in FSM 2500. • Water transmission or storage facilities and hydro-meteorological data sites will be maintained in safe and serviceable condition. Western Groundwater Services January 25,2001 Page 29 • Applications for hydropower, water diversion, water storage, or other water-related facilities will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis and coordinated with other agencies when appropriate. • All management practices will be designed or modified as necessary to maintain land productivity and protect beneficial uses. • In watersheds with intermingled land ownership, efforts will be made to develop mutually agreeable watershed management direction. • In municipal watersheds, such as Bozeman, Hyalite and Lyman Creek drainages, all project activities will be implemented to ensure State water quality standards are met. Coordination with City of Bozeman officials and the State Water Quality Bureau will be done throughout the project planning process." The objectives and standards listed above indicate the Forest Service will manage Gallatin National Forest in a manner that is protective of water quality. This requirement of the GFP is a substantial benefit to the city of Bozeman. It provides a basis for forest management that should sustain a high-quality water supply into the future. The last standard listed above pertains directly to the city of Bozeman watersheds, indicating that by adoption of the GFP,the Forest Service has committed to a coordination relationship with the city of Bozeman, It appears at this time that if a project were to be proposed in the city's watersheds, and the Forest Service considered it may have an effect on water quality, the city of Bozeman would be notified and allowed to participate in the project review. In terms of source water protection planning, it is preferable that the city of Bozeman be proactive,and regularly meet with the Forest Service(e.g., annually)to discuss projects that may be planned in the watersheds. This approach will in general be more effective than the approach of waiting to be notified by the Forest Service, and should reduce the potential for surprises. The objectives and standards also refer to Best Management Practices (BMPs), as a means to protect water quality. The GFP, however, does not specify the BMPs. It is conceivable that application of BMPs for a project may in some cases fall short of providing adequate protection of water quality. These inadequacies must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. The city of Bozeman will need to review the specific BMPs that would be implemented on critical projects occurring in the city's watersheds. 3.4.2 Management Areas The GFP designates management areas to the land of Gallatin National Forest. Each management area emphasizes a particular management direction. Figures 3-4 and 3-5 present the management areas in the Hyalite and Sourdough watersheds, and in the Lyman Spring recharge area,respectively. Table 3-2 summarizes the description of each management area(management areas occurring outside of the city watersheds are not described). Appendix F provides the GFP text for each management area that appears in Table 3-2. Sourdough Creek Watershed The majority of the Sourdough Creek watershed is designated as management area MA-12, as shown on Figure 3-4. MA-12 is a habitat and recreation management area. A large riparian protected zone, MA-7, is mapped along the Sourdough Creek channel. MA-9 and MA-11,which both allow for timber harvest, Western Groundwater Services January 25,2001 Page 30 are designated to relatively small areas in the watershed. MA-9 is designated to about 1,310 acres, or 6% of the total area(21,031 acres). MA-I I is designated to only 720 acres, or 3% of the watershed. The location of the MA-9 land area,however, is relatively near to the city of Bozeman intake, which may be undesirable depending on access routes. Several sections of land are designated as management area MA-99, indicating they are private lands or have not been assigned a management direction. Most of these land sections are owned by the city of Bozeman(cf. with Figure 3-3), or have been recently acquired by the Forest Service through land swaps, Hyalite Creek Watershed As Figure 3-4 shows, there are a variety of management area designations in the Hyalite Creek watershed. MA-5 is the main travel corridor and includes the paved road along the Hyalite Creek channel. This management area comprises 23%of the watershed. It can include timber harvest, but such harvesting would be limited only to increase wildlife habitat. A riparian protected zone, designated as MA-7, exists along Hyalite Creek,but is not shown on the map because of its narrow width. Management designations MA-8,MA-9, and MA-11, which allow for timber harvest, are assigned to approximately 9,983 acres in the watershed, which constitutes 54% of the total land area (18,488 acres). MA-8 designated areas are considered the most valuable in terms of timber harvest and constitute 4,640 acres of the watershed, or 25%. No timber harvest has occurred in the Hyalite Creek watershed during the GFP planning period,nor are there any current proposals for timber harvest. It is possible that timber harvests in the watershed could be significant at some future time. Several sections of land in the Hyalite Creek watershed are designated as management area MA-99. These sections were formerly private properties, but have been acquired by the Forest Service through land swaps. They will be assigned management directions when the GFP is updated. Lyman Spring Recharge Area The management area designations for the Lyman Spring recharge area are shown on Figure 3-5. Most of the recharge area is designated MA-12, which is a habitat and recreation management direction. There is a small area designated MA-11,which can allow for timber harvest. A slightly larger area is designated MA-17,which is considered valuable for livestock grazing and wildlife habitat, Western Groundwater Services •� v y 3 o fCID cl 3 _N E U �, � o �` � � a '� •.� o cA -3 'ems cn rn U > to `40 v tn 0 O © c �' o . d oLn o .o th L7 W y 'fl ... U di N O O 'ts 4J O U. O Av Q �; oEn C4� c ' O b tn Q v ° y 3 (D � • > ° o°Jn o -o a � d � > c�. •� Q y �o •Q ar � w Un M � N E ro o Cd c E s� O IL) O U cri a1 C� O vj crj E- � o o � a R y S] c J En Cc z o m 3 -Z,' o o ¢ to ...� U Q" O �-" ~ En - (n Cd N F.., fti c� •� cu O C O n G y o O U rz z OO �� .� p N — CZ > t0 O M C3 w Cl m U.) 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V" CCd cd U Cd T"' [C U ft) "O CO R1 p L: O y O En ai 0. aCia`ni O N � � N N bOA U N V t� al O co O -- cC q � 2 / \ . $ _\ \ ° / q c 2 a ) k . ca O � 2 ƒ + / § ( Cq 2 2 k ƒ � § � ( ° u � * � 7 § § 7 ƒ . 12. 2 ± c co f 0 / a .a 7 W a A d ƒ2 a0 / en c 0 / M � / � 2 \ b k S vi d d7 cz ƒ0 z a 0 s '§ / � CL, k § 2 k 7 / u o g 'c § 0 o ' k Vju � o 2 a ] 2_ E n % 2 2 En d / � .t col) q § . % E ■ / January 25, 2001 Page 34 3.5 Livestock Grazing Livestock grazing by permit from the Forest Service is allowed in selected areas,referred to as grazing allotments. Grazing allotments that occur inside of the city of Bozeman watersheds are shown on Figure 3-6. One allotment is 1 esent in Hyalite Creek and two are present in the Lyman Spring recharge area. There are no allotments that occur in the Sourdough Creek watershed,other than the slight overlap which is shown on Figure 3-6. The Hyalite Canyon allotment has two separate parts and includes three pastures that are used on a rotating schedule. A total of 90 cow/calf pairs are planned for this allotment. Grazing may occur from July 5 to October 6 annually. Cattle are prevented from access to streams, including the Hyalite Creek channel,by natural barriers and fences. An environmental assessment (EA) was prepared to evaluate the potential for impacts related to this grazing allotment (USFS 1997). Based on the EA, a determination of non-significance was made, which is included in Appendix G. The EA specifically addresses the city of Bozeman water supply from Hyalite Creek(page Appendix C—9). It was found that because the livestock are not allowed to access the creek and are not allowed to concentrate that no changes to the natural quality of the water will occur, and therefore, the city water supply will not realize any differences in water quality as a result of livestock grazing in the area. Because cattle can move into areas outside of the allotments and are a potential carrier of human pathogens, the city of Bozeman should consider periodically monitoring grazing use in the Hyalite Creek watershed. If the city were to find cattle had moved into areas outside of the grazing allotments, and in particular, areas where cattle could directly access stream channels, the city could notify the Forest Service to take appropriate actions. The two allotments shown in the Lyman Spring recharge area are named West Bridger and Pine Creek. West Bridger is grazed annually from July 1 to October 1 with 40 cow/calf pairs. Pine Creek is grazed annually between July 1 and September 30 with 46 cow/calf pairs. These cattle numbers are allowed under the present permit. The numbers could go up or down after a permit renewal. No special documents were identified for these areas to assess potential impacts. A copy of the permit that is issued to the livestock producer,and which includes terms and conditions, is provided in Appendix G. Both allotments are distant from the Lyman Spring intake. It is anticipated that water quality impacts from cattle would be indistinguishable from the natural quality of water obtained from Lyman Spring. 3.6 Mining, Oil and Gas Development 3.6.1 Mining Explorations were made for extraction of lead(mineral galena) in the Hyalite Creek watershed beginning in about the 1960s. The activity was referred to as the Langhor Lead Mine by the Forest Service and it is believed to be rehabilitated, as of 1990. The activity is referred to as The Sunshine Mine in the state of Montana Mine Waste Cleanup Bureau Hard Rock Inventory(PA 16-102). The state considers this site low priority and has no further investigations planned. The location of this abandoned mining operation is shown on Figure 3-7. It consisted of a single shaft and drift. It is believed that no ore was ever extracted from the property. The shaft and drift have been filled and cannot be accessed from the surface. There are presently no mining claims in any of the city of Bozeman watersheds. However, there are no laws or restrictions that prevent new mining claims from being filed. The filing party will need to comply with rules and regulations that include provisions for water quality protection. The Forest Service would be required to prepare an Environmental Assessment(EA) for the claim and possibly and Environmental Impact Statement(EIS). Any mineral extraction would require a major EIS to be prepared. Western Groundwater Services January 25,2001 Page 35 If a mine were to open in the city of Bozeman watersheds, it would pose a significant threat to water quality. This threat is likely to occur regardless of water quality protection measures built into the project. Even modern mining activities have resulted in deterioration of local water quality. Although exceptions exist, few mining operations have occurred in which water quality of the area was not impacted to some degree. 3.6.2 Oil and Gas Oil and gas leases exist on Gallatin National Forest land in the Sourdough Creek watershed and in the Lyman Spring recharge area. Land sections that include any acreage which has been leased for oil and gas development are shown on Figure 3-7. These leases were established in the early 1980s related to an "oil boom". They have been put on a "suspended status"by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals". It is most likely that production will not occur in these areas due to limited petroleum resources. Exploration for coalbed methane gas is planned near to Bozeman. The target formation for this development is the Cretaceous Eagle Sandstone, which includes the coal beds of the Livingston coal fields. The Eagle Sandstone is not mapped in the Sourdough Creek watershed or the Lyman Spring recharge area(Roberts 1972). Therefore, coalbed methane development is not anticipated in these areas. 3.7 Timber Harvest The Forest Service identifies selected parcels to allow timber harvest. Developers are allowed to bid on the selected parcels periodically, and to log the area according to terms and conditions set forth by the Forest Service. The terms and conditions include elements to protect water quality and must comply with the Forest-Wide Standards of the Gallatin Forest Plan. Portions of the contract language that are used for timber harvest are provided in Appendix H. There has been no timber harvest in the city of Bozeman watersheds since the preparation of the Gallatin Forest Plan (GFP) in 1987. There are no proposals that exist to make timber harvest available in these areas. It is possible and likely that timber harvest will occur at some future time, although the heavy recreation use of these areas will affect Forest Service decisions. High recreation use will tend to displace timber harvest in these areas. Those land areas with a management direction including timber harvest are shown on Figures 3-4 and 3-5. The GFP indicates that the maximum parcel size for timber harvest is 40 acres. Timber harvest may occur in areas from about I acre up to this maximum size. Clear cutting, as occurred years ago, is not practiced. Modern harvest methods would typically allow for cutting up to 75%of a stand. The remaining 25% of the trees would be Ieft in clusters and as isolated trees. Developers would be required to comply with rules pertaining to spill control,erosion, water quality, and regeneration of the harvested area. 1'A law suit was filed claiming the Forest Service should have prepared an EIS regarding the oil and gas leasing, which was extensive in Montana. The Forest Service was found in error. The Bureau of Land Management, who is in charge of the leases,acted to suspend the leases,meaning the leasees do not have to pay the annual lease fees (—$1/acre). The leases have a I0-year expiration, and most have likely expired. If the Forest Service prepares an EIS in the future,the leases will become active and fee payments will be required. The Forest Service would only prepare an EIS if driven by oil and gas interest in the area. Western Groundwater Services January 25, 2001 Page 36 It is unlikely but possible that developers can apply pesticides and herbicides to harvest areas. Forest Service personnel indicate these applications are remote at best. However, the Gallatin Forest Plan lists herbicides as a method for site preparation and the use of pesticides during site regeneration. Transport of logging equipment, fuels, and chemicals (if any) into the watersheds may have a greater chance for impacting the city of Bozeman water quality than the actual timber harvest. Accidents resulting in spills directly into the stream channel could occur, which may have an immediate impact on the city's water quality. The city of Bozeman will benefit by periodically meeting with the Forest Service to learn about and comment on any timber harvest proposals in the watersheds. Western Groundwater Services •-,. �� .� ice.�_`� 1 '�'. _ � _ `_..i...._i....._. `'� i 'JL�y-/�� • /�F ,�+}•�* fly_ ..-_.._....... ` • •�+�\ ^'_-`^ten l�._�'--+xY '" '}��•` Cd (SI R.5 E. �T a .. f N R I ID •1 _ ils j N .7i7 isit G t a wka I OI ; R.6 E. � co m R.7 E. R.7E .6E. N M ` m 007 CL ''M _ M C 1 W { O Q 0 n � 9' c C 7• O 7 7 = m V C (D CG,))CL a :3 E a y __-/ / m o a' w m < s - ' Z v � 'C1 C m. 91 C 7 -1 a v lu 2 lu G n a / . o/ r i l r Z i lloo 7 aoo �� 3 j co CA CA CL CD 0 C o ��•-z m a -n co 1w g 0 W CA iJ T L, - �., ,� ... s` r ,� f / ��✓ CL LL Oslo 01 qn ce was ���.9A 1 1 1 t •� Q� � 1 f jl ) } lr j ' jj u Rol ee 17 cp ... L" � ! r-..1 ���, �. •t ;t� It �, r} i ! r 1 E'�4"t�„„c.ty,+w'�, "j' .% � I ` �• j —may n a .�,_-.___. ''N ^.,�3zc!'7 .,,1,.:' r....jam { i / � • rn L2 �?3 C r. O yd DD r f FY � td �1 (�J OD O r \ ��h.�St�cc� • .. i � c co CN l• Ems% . ` � O N c I 1 n LO c 1 i m Z v 7 m m u a = a ° m CV O O ((n - A 7 O U ) N m �• Y C o a m u v ° 0 2 ~ E v m Z af cu —. CL LLJ i 2 � 0 x Z w w pt CE Z - fY F x i. u C (h to N a m m Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q \� V) to i I i i 17 — ------------ - 99 12 1 f / � 99 ` l i EXPLANATION J Source water intake location i Inventory region boundary ® Recharge area boundary N Management Areas MA-11:Habitat,Timber Harvest MA-12: Habitat, Recreation 5000 0 5000 Feet MA-17: Livestock Use,Habitat t MA-99: No Management Plan, Private_ FagdAfPe 3-5 Lyman Sprung GPI Western Groundwater Services w tL M C co 0 pp � � C 0 ww z v 3a 's't 16. HIS co H tom' co 0 ;e/ _r✓ J Li. im � `.. r�--=•--., .fir' ,- 00 CD eA r f _._—.-_ ---'-.__— I � f :J:��Y -�'r:�/i-✓i�.. i -�=,'—�,r�z...-} y� 'j•_re� ~ir- % �� � p yr �. �..._`.✓EF � r� f � � /�_p f � / �.r. � C pj -; 3 - -- - --Y-- - m M �'Y z.•I.�a.+�s o 1 i I ao M O N \ N N r +` N tp w eD {y f t r� ram, N ^ p tv N v)to v v, _r -_ -_.__i N:_ •. ham• en MID • �• ! M siC ryL v ..� � 1 � 2 L`�`,1 YL i• r' ; ,ffi..� Y',r'•i��� -•-. 7. N Vy r y - ' r �=- _fir _ � •_ � _,�•J a = "��i\�� „ ,jam � 'O O fo AM -00 ic aRR N uj Ij�` � January 25, 2001 Page 37 4 SUSCEPTIBILITY ASSESSMENT The state of Montana has developed a method to determine the susceptibility of a source water intake to be contaminated by a given potential source of contamination. For example, the method would determine the susceptibility of a source water intake to be contaminated by a gasoline storage tank located near to the intake. The susceptibility categories that may be assigned include very-low, low, moderate, high, and very-high. Very low susceptibility indicates that a potential contaminant source has little chance of contaminating a source water intake. In contrast, very-high susceptibility indicates that a potential contaminant source has a likely chance of contaminating a source water intake. The actual risk, as a quantified probability to contaminate the source water intake, is not determined by this method. The method results are qualitative and are intended for use in prioritizing management activities. 4.1 Method Summary Susceptibility assignments(to a source water intake) are made for each significant potential contaminant source identified in the source inventory, including point and non-point sources. The method is conservative, resulting in generally high susceptibilities even when a quantified risk of contamination may be very low. Some of the conservative nature of the method is eliminated by only applying the method to significant potential sources of contamination. Significant potential contaminant sources that are normally considered in a susceptibility assessment include the following: • Septic systems • Animal feeding operations • Underground storage tanks • Leaking underground storage tanks • State and federal superfund sites • RCRA large quantity generators • Underground injection wells • Wastewater treatment/spray irrigation/lagoons • Landfills • Abandoned mines • MPDES wastewater discharges • Municipal sanitary sewers • Municipal storm sewers • Storm water discharges • Highways,railroads and pipelines • Cultivated cropland There are two steps to determining susceptibility. First,the potential contaminant source is assigned a hazard level,based simply on its occurrence within a source water protection area. Hazard levels are categorized as low,moderate, and high. Those sources that are nearest to a source water intake(or occupy a large land area)will have a higher hazard classification than sources that are farther away(or occupy a small land area). In step two, the occurrence of barriers, either natural or engineered, that may protect the water source intake from the potential contaminant source are evaluated. A low permeability clay layer above an aquifer is an example of a natural barrier. A leak detection system for a buried tank is an example of an engineered barrier. If there are no barriers then little protection exists to prevent contamination of water in the event of a spill or leak. In these cases, the susceptibility assignment would be into a higher level, reflecting the absence of barriers. If one or more barriers are present, a spill or leak is likely to be Western Groundwater Services January 25, 2001 Page 38 captured or impeded. The presence of one or more barriers will tend to reduce the susceptibility level. Once the hazard level and number of barriers has been determined for each potential contaminant source, a susceptibility level can be determined. Table 3-3 summarizes the susceptibility categories with respect to the hazard level and the existence of barriers. TABLE 3-3 SUSCEPTIBILITY CATEGORIES Hazard Level Presence of Barriers High Moderate Low No Barriers Very High High Moderate One Barrier High Moderate Low Two or more Barriers Moderate Low Very Low Table entries are the susceptibility(to be contaminated)of a water source intake to a specified potential contaminant source. The susceptibility level is determined based on the hazard level of the potential contaminant source and the number of barriers that exist to protect the water source from contamination. 4.2 Source Water Susceptibilities The city of Bozeman watersheds are devoid of significant potential sources of contamination, with the exception of the main transportation corridor along Hyalite Creek. Because the Langhor Lead Mine is not a priority abandoned mine site and appears to have been rehabilitated, it is not included in the susceptibility analysis. The road along Sourdough Creek also is excluded because it is closed to transportation using motorized vehicles. If this road were opened to commercial or public vehicles, the same susceptibility would be determined as for the Hyalite Creek Road. Livestock grazing in the watersheds is much more diffuse than a confined animal feeding area, and consequently, it also has been omitted from the susceptibility assessment. Future land use in the watersheds could include significant potential sources of contamination, however, these sources cannot be evaluated until they occur. Mining, timber harvest, and livestock grazing are the most likely types of land uses that may occur in the future. Depending on the location of these land uses, they may or may not be considered significant potential contamination sources. 4.2.1 Hyalite Creek Road(FS #62) The Hyalite Creek source water intake has a very-high susceptibility(to be contaminated)by transportation of chemicals, including vehicle fuels, on Hyalite Creek Road. Hazard Level Western Groundwater Services January 25,2001 Page 39 Hyalite Creek Road occurs within the spill response region of the Hyalite Creek source water intake. Based on this location, Hyalite Creek Road is assigned a high hazard level. Barriers There are no natural or engineered barriers that protect the stream channel from contamination sources on Hyalite Creek Road, Susceptibility Using Table 3-3, the Hyalite Creek source water intake has a very-high susceptibility to sources of contamination on Hyalite Creek Road. Western Groundwater Services January 25, 2001 Page 40 5 CONCLUSIONS • The city of Bozeman watersheds are provided a significant degree of natural protection because they are located in rural lands. The urban land uses that have historically resulted in contamination of water supplies are absent from the city watersheds at this time. • Management of Gallatin National Forest by the U.S. Forest Service is a highly beneficial assistance to the city of Bozeman. Forest Service management is more stringent than occurs on private lands, and is more open to public comment. The Forest Service is directly concerned with protection of natural resources, and has identified the city of Bozeman water supplies in the Gallatin Forest Plan. • Both the Hyalite and Sourdough intakes are susceptible to impacts from wild fires. Extensive fires in these areas could result in high sediment and ash loadings to the water supply. The city may choose to temporarily shut down one or both intakes in relation to wild fires in the area. Lyman Spring being a groundwater source, is much less susceptible to impacts from wild fire. • Surface water supplies, such as Sourdough and Hyalite Creeks, are susceptible to contamination from spills. Neither of these source water intakes is designed with protection from chemicals that enter the stream channel. It will be beneficial for the city to consider spill protection when designing improvements to these intakes. • The Hyalite Creek source water intake is the most susceptible (of the city's water sources)to contamination because of motorized vehicle transportation on Hyalite Creek Road, which is immediately adjacent to the stream channel. • Livestock grazing in the watersheds does not appear to pose a significant threat of contamination. Livestock presence is not anticipated to change water quality from the natural water quality of the area. Cattle are prevented from concentrating along stream channels by natural barriers and fencing. • There are no mining claims or active mines in the city of Bozeman watersheds. Mining does not pose a risk to water quality at the present time. If mining is allowed at some future time, a significant risk to water quality may occur. It is likely that a future mine in the city of Bozeman watersheds has the greatest potential for water quality impacts of any other potential contaminant source. • Development of oil and gas in the city watersheds is unlikely given the geology of these areas. If oil and gas were developed,potential impacts to water quality may occur, but it should generally be feasible to protect water quality. • Timber harvest presently does not occur in the city of Bozeman watersheds, and therefore poses no threat to water quality at this time. Future timber harvest is a possibility. It is most likely that transportation to and from harvest areas will pose a greater risk to water quality than the actual harvesting of trees. This risk will exist only if the transportation route is along the main stream channel or tributaries that flow to the source water intake. Western Groundwater Services January 25, 2001 Page 41 6 RECOMMENDATIONS 6.1 Source Water Protection Plan The next step in source water protection planning is to prepare a Source Water Protection Plan (SWPP). The SWPP incorporates this Source Water Delineation and Assessment Report(SWDAR), and three additional sections: 1) Contingency Planning; 2) Alternative Water Sources; and 3)Management Planning. • A contingency plan documents the city's response to losses in water capacity due to contamination (or other events, such as earthquakes). Emergency water sources and procedures are identified in the contingency plan. • Information pertaining to alternative water sources focuses on long-term source replacement. Should the city be required to develop a new source of water due to contamination (or other reasons), this section of the SWPP outlines the most likely new sources that can be utilized. The city is already evaluating new groundwater and surface water supplies. This information would be included in the SWPP regarding alternative water sources. • Management planning is ultimately the most important element of the SWPP. The management plan identifies specific activities that will be pursued by the city of Bozeman to protect their water resources. The city will benefit by taking a proactive approach to source water protection in their watersheds. It is anticipated that most of the management effort will focus on coordination with other government agencies and periodic surveys of the watersheds. It may be necessary to conduct a few special studies to determine actual risk and consequences for selected contaminant sources. This information may be needed before decisions can be made on management activities. Completion of the SWPP requires participation by an Advisory Committee. The Advisory Committee includes representatives with interests in the city of Bozeman watersheds and provides a public process for decision making. For the city of Bozeman, the Advisory Committee would most likely include representatives from the following: • City of Bozeman • Gallatin County Planning • Gallatin County Local Water Quality District • Gallatin National Forest Bozeman Ranger District • Gallatin National Forest Supervisor's Office • Private Industry(mining,timber, livestock) • Citizen Groups (local watershed group, others) The SWPP is formerly adopted by the city of Bozeman. It is preferable that the city pass a resolution to implement the SWPP and to set aside appropriate funding for program implementation. Program implementation is subsequently managed by city staff. Western Groundwater Services January 25, 2001 Page 42 6.2 Contaminant Source Inventory Updates It is a requirement for the state of Montana to update the contaminant source invent(-)-,,- m a f ear basis. Thus, the city of Bozeman has no regulatory obligation at this time pertaining updat.;i` of the SWDAR. However, it is preferable and advisable that the city of Bozeman take charge of these information updates. The city may require updating of both the Contaminant Source Inventory and the Susceptibility Assessment on a one to two year basis. This requirement can be developed as a management activity in the SWPP. The work can be completed by city staff, such as a water system operator. Western Groundwater Services i January 25,2001 Page 43 7 REFERENCES Chapman, D. (Ed.) (1992) Water Quality Assessments,Chapman &Hall, Ltd., London,UK. Custer, S. (unpublished) GIS data for geology and hydrostratigraphy were provided in AreView GIS format on CD-ROM, Montana State University,Department of Earth Sciences. DEQ(1999) Source Water Protection Program, USEPA Approved,November 1999,Montana Department of Environmental Quality, Helena,MT. DEQ (2000) DRAFT Montana 303(d)List,A Compilation of Impaired and Threatened Waterbodies in Need of Water Quality Restoration,Part A Water Quality Assessment Results(April 1) and Part B Water Body Ranking,Priority Lists, and Schedule(April 13),Montana Department of Environmental Quality, Helena,MT. ESRI (1996) AreView GIS v. 3.2(2000), Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., Redlands, CA. Fischer,H. B., E. J. List,R. C.Y. Koh, J. Imberger,N. H.Brooks(1979) Mixing in Inland and Coastal Waters,Academic Press, Inc., Orlando,FL. Gupta, R. & (1989) Hydrology and Hydraulic Systems, Prentice Hall,Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Hackett, O.M.,F.N. Visher, R. G.McMurtrey, and W. L. Steinhilber(1960) Geology and Ground- Water Resources of the Gallatin Valley,Gallatin County,Montana, U.S. Geological Survey Water- Supply Paper 1482(MSU 119.13:1482 text&plates). Kendy,E. and R. E. Tresch(1996) Geographic,Geologic, and Hydrologic Summaries of Intermontane Basins of the Northern Rocky Mountains,Montana,U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigations Report 96-4025,Helena,MT. Lageson,D. R. (1989) Reactivation of a Proterozoic Continental Margin, Bridger Range, Southwestern Montana,Montana Geological Society 1989 Field Conference Guidebook:Montana Centennial Edition, Geological Resources of Montana,Vol. 1,p. 279—298 (MSU: QELB5 1989 V. 1). Maddaus, W. O. (1987) Water Conservation, American Water Works Association,Deriver,CO. McMannis,J. W. (1952) Geology of the Bridger Range Area, Ph.D.Thesis,Princeton University, Princeton, NJ,(MSU: QE134.B74M3 1952, Special Collections). MSE-HKM Engineers,Inc. (1998) Wastewater Facility Plan for Bozeman,Montana,Prepared by MSE- HKM Engineers, Inc., 601 Nickles Dr.,Bozeman,MT. MSE-HKM Engineers, Inc. (1997) Water Facility Plan for Bozeman,Montana,Prepared by MSE-HKM Engineers,Inc., 601 Nickles Dr., Bozeman, MT. Roberts, A. E. (1966) Stratigraphy of Madison Group Near Livingston Montana, and Discussion of Karst and Solution-Breccia Features,U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 526-B (MSU: I 19.16:526-B). Roberts,A. E. (1972) Cretaceous and Early Tertiary Depositional and Tectonic History of the Livingston Area, Southwestern Montana,U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 526-C(MSU: 119.16:526-C). Western Groundwater Services January 25,2001 Page 44 Skipp,B., D. R. Lageson, and W. J. McMannis(1999) Geologic Map of the Sedan Quadrangle, Gallatin and Park Counties,Montana,U.S. Geological Survey,Geologic Investigations Series I-2634, Version 2.0. USDA-FS (ca. 1987) Gallatin Forest Plan,U. S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service,P.O. Box 130,Bozeman,MT. USFS (2000) Steve Swain,G>S Data, 587-6751; Lin Burton,Range Allotments, 522-2540; Jim Deavitt, GNF Plan, 587-6749; Sherm Sollid,Minerals, 587-6709; Steve Cassani,Timber Harvest, 522-2569; Reggie Clark,Range Allotments, 522-2520;Tina Brickell,Fire Management, 522-2546. Western Groundwater Services 3 APPENDIX A SWDAR CERTIFICATION CHECKLIST Western Groundwater Services Department of Environmental Quality Source Water Protection Program CERTIFICATION CHECKLIST Source Water Delineation and Assessment Reports (SWDAR) The following items represent the minimum requirements for certification of a completed SWDAR. The SWDAR represents the technical component of the SWPP, and must be completed per the 1996 amendments to the Federal Safe Drinking Water Act. This checklist should be used in conjunction with the information and general format provided in the template for preparing SWDAR documents. While the format of the template may be modified as needed, all requested information should be included for certification. For any items that are not applicable or information is not available, note in checklist column and provide an explanation. Attach additional sheets for explanation, if necessary. Name of System: City of Bozeman PWS ID#: 161 Date Plan Submitted: January 31, 2001 Operator Name: Dean Elliot,No. 2107 SWPP Contact: Dean Elliot, Water Superintendent City of Bozeman 411 E Main Bozeman, MT 59715 (406) 582-2300 Person Preparing Mark Cunnane, PE, PG Plan Contact: Western Groundwater Services 6595 Bear Claw Lane Bozeman, MT 59715 (406) 585-5947 Reviewer Signature �.� Date Z- 7- Z coo / NID u7-,4.0 ,4 'D ere-q Western Groundwater Services January 25,2001 Page 2 The following summary checklist is derived from the Source Water Delineation and Assessment Report template document. The completed plan should include summary discussions,when appropriate, for each listed item. Indicate the page and/or section number where this information is, or indicate not applicable(n/a)when appropriate. For items indicated as not applicable,the.text should indicate why. Introduction page • Person who prepared document Title Page • Name of System and county located in 3 • PWS Identification Number 3 • PWS Contact person, with address and phone number 4,Tab 1-1, App-A Chapter 1 -Background This section provides background information on the community served by the PWS. Page Section 1. The Community: 2 1.1 • Population 2 • Economic base 2 • Major water users 2 • Major waste generators 2 • Domestic sewage treatment and disposal 3 2. Geographic Setting 3 1.2 • Geographic setting, including surrounding area 3 • Physiographic Features 3 • Streams and Lakes 3 • Climate information(including annual precipitation and temperatures) 3 • A vicinity map at appropriate scale Fig 1-1 For surface water sources,or ground water systems influenced by surface water • 8 and I 1 digit USGS Hydrologic Units 12,FN 1.6 • Montana Watershed Management Region 12,FN 3. General Description of Source Water 3 1.3 Western Groundwater Services January 25,2001 Page 3 Page Section 4. Description of PWS system,including: 3 1.3 • Source of water(number of wells, depth,etc.) -- • Well lithology and construction logs(in appendix) -- • Distribution system 4 • Number of connections and users 4 • PWS Treatment System 4 • Copy of latest Sanitary Survey (in appendix) App-I • A map indicating the general layout of the PWS. 4(see refs.) 5. Water Quality: 5 1.4 • Summarize enforcement actions in the past 5 years 6 • Describe background/regional water quality 5 • Table summarizing background water quality 6,Tab 1-4 For surface water sources, or ground water systems influenced by surface water • Use classification 10-11 • Threatened or impaired streams in watershed 10-11 • TMDL development prioritization and status 10-11 6. Influencing Factors 2 1.0 • Identify any external factor that may influence long-term PWS operation 2 (SWDAR grant) or source water protection planning Western Groundwater Services January 25,2001 Page 4 Chapter 2 - Delineation This section provides information on the hydrogeology of the water supply for the PWS. Background information on the hydrogeologic setting should be assembled into a Hydrogeologic Conceptual Model that summarizes the ground water system in a simplified manner. The background information should support the process to delineate management areas. Page Section 1. HydrogeoIogic Conditions 19 2.3 • Identification of references for hydrogeologic information 19,38 • Summary tables of hydrogeologic studies and maps for area cited in text • Summary of wells in area from GWIC database -- • Geologic map(s)included (if not,valid justification for omission) Fig 2-13 • Geologic cross section(s)included Fig 2-14 For ground water systems: • Identify aquifer 19-23 • Geologic setting of aquifer 19-23 • Aquifer properties(lithology,boundaries,etc) 19-23 • Aquifer type(confined,unconfined, semi-confined) 19-23 • Connection with surface water 19-23 • Classify sensitivity of hydrogeologic setting of source water 11 1.5 For surface water sources, or ground water systems influenced by surface water • Hydrogeologic setting of PWS watershed 16-19, Sec. 2.2 • Identification of references for hydrogeologic information cited in text • Stream flow characteristics 16-19 2. Conceptual Model and Assumptions 16-18 • Seasonal trends in system 16,22 • Assumptions made to simplify model 14,15 2.1 For ground water systems: • Aquifer boundaries 19-23 • Aquifer recharge areas 19-23 • Ground water flow direction 19-23 • Communication with surface water 19-23 For surface water sources,or ground water systems influenced by surface water • Relationship of surface water with ground water system 16 Western Groundwater Services January 25, 2001 Page 5 Page Section 3. Well (or Source)Information For ground water systems: • Well depths, construction details -- • Well locations described -- • Summary table of source information -- [Source information to include: PWS Source Code,Well Location,MBMG(GWIC)No.,MT Water Right No.,Date Well completed,total depth, perforated interval,static water level,pumping water level, drawdown,test pumping rate, and specific capacity] For surface water sources, or ground water systems influenced by surface water • Description of source water intake system 12-13 1.6 • Streamflow data, if available 17 4. Delineation Methods and Criteria 13-15 • Overview of approach used for delineation 13 5. Model input -- For ground water systems: • Identify analytical method used,with source reference -- • Values of hydraulic parameters identified, with ranges -- • Identify hydrogeologic parameter values used, with rationale -- • Summary table of input values for model -- • Reference and justification for assumed values -- • Time of travel equations or model specifications -- For surface water sources,or ground water systems influenced by surface water • Time of travel calculations for surface water body 16-19 • Summary of ranges for streamflow parameter values 16-19 • Identify streamflow parameter values used,with rationale 16-19 • Summary table of input values for model -- 6. Delineation Results • Travel time calculation results, or computer model calibration criteria 13-23 • Management zones identified on map(s) Fig 2-5,2-9,2-16 • Delineated areas reflect seasonal variations in hydrologic systems 13-23 7. Limiting Factors • Identify uncertainties in delineation approach based on assumptions 14-15 • Identify how uncertainties may effect delineated areas 14-15 Western Groundwater Services January 25,2001 page 6 Chapter 3 - Inventory This section identifies all known and potential contaminant sources which may affect the PWS. Page Section 1. Inventory methods identified 23 3.1 2. Appropriate databases searched, with potential sources identified 23 3.0 For ground water systems: • Control zone Description of land uses 24,Fig 3-2 Description of potential contaminant sources 23-34 Worksheets completed for significant potential sources -- Potential contaminant sources summarized in a table -- Potential contaminant sources located on a base map -- • Inventory Region Description of land uses 24,Fig 3-2 Description of potential contaminant sources 23-34 Worksheets completed for significant potential sources -- Significant potential contaminant sources summarized in a table -- Significant potential contaminant sources located on a base map -- • Su►face Water Buffer Description of land uses 24,Fig 3-2 Description of potential contaminant sources for pathogens 23-34 (acute health hazards) • Recharge Region Description of land uses 24,Fig 3-2 Description of large potential contaminant sources 23-34 Large potential sources and land use shown on a map -- For surface water sources, or ground water systems influenced by surface water • Spill Response Region Description of land uses 24,Fig 3-2 Description of potential contaminant sources 23-34 Worksheets completed for significant potential sources -- Significant potential contaminant sources summarized in a table Significant potential contaminant sources located on a base map -- • Watershed Region Description of land uses 24,Fig 3-2 Description of large potential contaminant sources -- Map of watershed region showing significant potential contaminant sources-- (e.g. MPDES permitted discharges,to the extent practical with existing databases) For all systems • Inventory update—procedures to update every five years 23,38 • Inventory limitations identified 23 Western Groundwater Services January 25,2001 Page 7 Chapter 4 -- Susceptibility Assessment This section evaluates the potential for the PWS water supply to be contaminated by the significant potential sources of contamination identified in Chapter 3. This information can be used by local officials to prioritize management actions for the delineated control and inventory zones. Worksheets to be considered when completing each task are listed with each topic. Ea e Section Attach completed worksheets as Appendices to final document 34 4.0 1. Hazard of potential contaminant sources identified • Worksheet#2—Hazard Determination -- 2. Barriers for each potential contaminant sources identified and evaluated • Worksheet#5—Evaluation of Engineered Barriers for Water Sources -- • Worksheet#6—Criteria for Evaluating Effectiveness of Natural Barriers -- • Supporting information for identification of features as barriers -- 3. Threats from significant potential contaminant sources ranked 34-36 References All technical references are listed in the appropriate format 38-39 Appendices All necessary supporting information is included in Appendices App A-I List any Deficiencies: There are no deficiencies noted in the present work. The intentions and requirements of Source Water Delineation and Assessment have been achieved and the work was completed according to state of Montana guidelines. Western Groundwater Services 1 . 1 � - 1 ' I 1 I 1• 1 1 r III 1 1 I •1 ry y ' . - - - � _; 1:--.- '' 11.1',., Imo- '�I ♦ _, 1�• __ 11 1 , _• --I -11` III •11 ' .. r i i - - - _ -----=I I i APPENDIX B WATER QUALITY DATA FOR REGULATED PARAMETERS Western Groundwater Services TABLE 5.4.2•I COMPARISON OF CURRENT REGULATIONS TO BOZEMAN'S WATER QUALrry STANDARDS (mg/L) BOZEMAN'S,WATER(mg/L) CONTAMINANT Maximum Contaminant Maximum Sourdough& Lyman Creek Level Goal Contaminant Level Hyalite Creeks ORGANICS Acrylamide Zom TT N/A N/A Alachlor Zero 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 Aldicarb 0.001 0.003 <0.0005 <0.0005 Aldicarb Sulfone 0.001 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 Aldicarb Sulfoxide 0.001 0.004 <0.001 <0.001 Atrazinc 0.003 0.003 <0.001 <0.001 Benzene Zero 0.005 <0.002 <0.002 Beano(a)Pyrcne Zero 0.0002 <0.0001 <0.000I Carbofuran 0.04 0.04 <0.001 <0.001 Carbon Tetrachloride Zero 0.005 <0.002 <0.002 Chlordane Zero 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 2,4-D 0.07 0.07 <0.005 <0.005 Dalapon 0.2 0.2 <0.02 <0.02 Di(2-thyUxxyl)Adipate 0.3 0.5 <0.01 <0.01 Di(2-ethythexyl)Phl"Ate Zero 0.006 <0.002 <0.002 Dilxomoehloruproparre(DBCP) Zero 0.0002 <0.00005 <0.00005 p-DicWorobenzene 0.075 0.075 <0.002 <0.002 o-DicNorobenzene 0.6 0.6 <0.002 <0.002 1.2-Dichtoroethylene Zero 0.005 <0.002 <0.002 1,1-Dictdorocthylene 0.007 0.007 <0.002 <0.002 cis.1,2.Dichloroethylene 0.07 0.07 <0,002 <0.002 trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene 0.1 0.1 <0.002 <0.002 DicWoromedune(methylene chloride) Zero 0,005 <0.005 <0.005 1,2-Dichloropropane Zero 0.005 <0.002 Q.002 Dinoseb 0,007 0.007 <0.002 <0.002 Diquat 0.02 0.07 N/A N/A Endothall 0.1 0.1 N/A N/A Endnn 0.002 0.002 <0.001 <0.001 Epichlorohydrin Zero TT N/A N/A Ethylbenzcne 0.7 0.7 <0.002 <0.002 - 1Os - B:w,i229.i 23\BZW00l.DOC 1112497 TABLE 5.4.2-1 COMPARISON OF CURRENT REGULATIONS TO BOZEMAN'S WATER QUALITY STANDARDS (mg/L) BOZEMAN S WATER(mg/L) CONTAMINANT Maximum Coa amilwA Maximum Sourdough 1k Lyman Credo Level Goal Comsminant Level Hyalite Creeks Ethylene Drilrornide(EDB) Zero 0.00005 <0.00005 <0.00605 Glyplwsate 0.7 0.7 N/A N/A Heptachlor Zero 0.0004 <0.0002 <0.0002 Heptachlor Epoxide Zara 0.0002 <0.0002 <0.0002 Hnxachloro6emme Zoo 0.001 <0.0005 <0.0005 HcxachlorpcyckVen adicne 0.05 0.05 <0.02 <0.02 Lindane 0.0002 0.0002 <0.0001 <0.0001 Mdboxychlor 0.04 0.04 <0.001 <0.001 Monochloroberacne 0A 0.1 <0.002 <0.002 0-my!(vydato) 0.2 0.2 <0.001 <0.001 Pentachiarophe"ol Ze m 0.001 <0.0005 <0.0005 Pidiloram 0.5 0.1 <0.005 <0.005 Polychlorinated Hyphenyls(PCSr) Zero 0.0005 <0.0002 <0.0002 Simazine 0.004 0.004 <0.002 <0.002 Styrene 0.1 0.1 <0.002 <0.002 2,3,7,8-TCDD(dioxin) zero 5E-08 N/A N/A Tetrachloroethylem Zero 0.005 <0.002 <0.002 Toluene 1 1 <0.002 <0.002 Toxaphme Zero 0.005 <0.002 <0.002 2,4,5-TP(Siive:x) 0.05 0.05 <0.005 <0.005 1,2,4-Ttichlatobaovmc 0.07 0.07 <0.002 <0.002 1.1,1-Trichloroethsne 0.2 0.2 <0.002 <0.002 1,1,2-Trichlorectimne 0.003 0.005 <0.002 <0.002 Trichlaoethylene Zero 0.005 <0.002 <0.002 Total Tnhalornetharx 0.08 0.035 0.035 Vinyl Chloride Zero 0.002 <0.002 <0.002 Xylcnes(tots!) 10 10 <0.002 <0.002 INORGANICS Antimony 0.006 0.006 <0.002 <0.002 Arsenic 0.05 <0.005 <0.005 ASb4W s(fibevs/1>10 µm) 7 MFL 7MFL 0 0 Barium 2 2 0.03 0.03 - 106 WAMM.123\B ZN11M 1.Doc 1 t/24M7 TABLE S.41-I COMPARISON OF CURRENT REGULATIONS TO BOZEMAN'S WATER QUALITY STANDARDS (mg/L) BOZEMAN'S WATER(mg/L) CONTAMINANT Maximum Contamiru t Maximum Sourdough 8t Lyman Cmk Level Goal Contaminant Level Hyalite Crocks Beryllium Zero 0.004 <0.0003 <0.0003 Cadmium 0.005 0.005 <0.001 <0.001 Chromium(Total) 0.1 0.1 <0.01 <0.01 Copper(<90%of samples) 1.3 TT 0.646 .095 Cyanide 0.2 0.2 <0.01 <0.01 Fluoride 4 4 I.23 0.2 Le"(<90%of samples) Zero 0.015 0,018 0.006 Mercury 0.002 0,002 <0.0001 <0.0001 Nickel 0.1 0.1 <0.01 <0.01 Nitrate(as N) 10 10 N/A 2.1 Nitrite(as N) I 1 N/A N/A Nitrate+Nitrite(both as N) 10 10 0.18 0.18 Selenium 0.05 0.05 <0.0005 <0.0005 Sulfate 400/500 400/500 14 14 Thallium 0.0005 0.001 <0,001 <0.001 RADIONUCLIDES Beta-particle 4 tnrom N/A N/A and photo emitters Zero 4 mretn N/A N/A Alpha EmMm 15 Pei/L <1.0 <1.0 15 Pci/L N/A N/A Radium-226+228 Zero 5 Pci/L NIA N/A Radium-226 Zero 20 Pci/L N/A N/A Radium-228 Zero 20 PcVL N/A NIA Radon Zero 300 Pci/L N/A NIA Uranium Zero 20 n/L N/A N/A MICROBIA.,S Giardia.Lamblia Zero TT Complies Complies Legioneila Zcro TT Complies Complies Standard Plate Count NA TT Complies Complies Turbidity Zero *$ Complies Complies Vij s NA PS Complies Complies N/A - No test results available Complies=Continuous monitoring indicates compliance with standards - 1 07 - H:WM229.123\BV.H 1.D0C t 1124W -- -_- 1 APPENDIX C PLUME CALCULATION WORKSHEETS Western Groundwater Services STREAM MIXING CALCULATIONS -SOURDOUGH CREEK Fischer et at.(1979) Mixing in Inland and Coastal Waters,Academic Press,Inc. Example 5.5,p. 137 INPUT PARAMETERS u a :=3.21 fps W:=20 ft d :=0.75 ft M :=15.8 Ibs M = 120 Ibs k :=0,L. 25 xk:=1320•(k+ I CALCULATIONS u us := .a us= 0.321 fps 2 0.011•u a W2 K:=- ----�- K= 188.32 ft2/s s A:=d•W A = 15 ft2 For a plume with a Gaussian shape (bell shape), cr is the standard u :=F-K deviation, and 46 is the "length" of the plume. This assumption normally holds true after long travel times. t Cmax :=u a'�j Xldpw�stream from the spllume j�ncentration to occur at a distance 2,u 1 t arrival =t Cmax- �.o Time at which the plume first arrives at a distance x a downstream from the spill location. tpassed t Cmax+ u—a'� ���st which eam from the spillhl s passed beyond a distance x C Max := M Maximum concentration of plume at a distance x x downstream from where the spill occurred. AF4.7i.-K a 4S4.b-103 C mgL C Max'--28.12 Maximum concentration in units of mg/L Western Groundwater Services l 103 PLUME TRAVEL TIME 100 - t passed �'r.. r. ........_ . . . .... ... .... ... .... Et Cmax ✓"...... .... ........... ..._ .... .................. . .. ..... ... F t arnval ' ]0 .............. .. E 0 5000 1.104 1.5.104 2.104 2-5 104 3.104 3.5.104 t Distance(R) 1.103 PLUME MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION �-- o mg 100 A V ..... .... ...... ..: .............. ......_... ._.........._........_._._._...__._..........._ ....... 10 0 5000 I_104 1.5•104 2-104 15.104 3.104 3.5•104 Disiance(R) Western Groundwater Services STREAM MIXING CALCULATIONS -HYALITE CREEK Fischer et al.(1979) Mixing in Inland and Coastal Waters,Academic Press,Inc. Example 5.5,p. 137 INPUT PARAMETERS u a :=4.07 fps W:=20 ft d := 1.00 ft M :=15.8 lbs M = 120 Ibs k :=0,1.. 25 xk 1320•(k+ 1) CALCULATIONS u us:=� us= 0.407 fps 0.011•u a2,W2 K:_� ._. _ K= 179.0$ ft2/s s A =d•W A= 20 ft2 For a plume with a Gaussian shape (bell shape),a is the standard 6 :-FKdeviation, and 4a is the"length" of the plume. This assumption normally holds true after long travel times. t Crnax ,a'� Time for ream m maximum plu the me concentration to occur at a distance t arrival =t Cmax- —'� Time at which from the se first location. Ives at a distance x u a downstream t passed t Cmax+ u—a'a Time at downstream which frohm spill location. s passed beyond a distance x C Max := M Maximum concentration of plume at a distance x x downstream from where the spill occurred. A• 4.�•Ku a 454.6.103 Maximum concentration in units of mg/L C mgL:=C Max'-28-32 Western Groundwater Services 1 1a3 PLUME`]'RAVEL TIME 1ao - - ------ ---- _--- F arrival ............r..... ... ...................... ... ..._.._........_............._._._.._........_............_._.................._....................... ... .............. 1 0 5000 1.104 1.5-104 2.104 2.5•104 3.104 3 5-104 Distance(R) 1-103 PLUME MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION o CJ ._..._._.._........ ... ._.............._...._.._......._..__.............._.... ............ . ..-.-... ..... ....-. 1U --- 0 5000 1.104 1.5.104 2.104 2.5-104 3.104 3.5.10a t Distance(R) Western Groundwater Services i r _ � APPENDIX D GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS OF GALLATIN COUNTY Western Groundwater Services a M 4r•RLtW "� �a �� a e . t s i L , �y! 7 3;� n, I Is I ai pia �i y ! � 'P ��� �°! le° iC _a a 'A;i tit ai + - t r�••1 a:-. s.� !'3 .�s £q�-a a�a it i a ;t• $J-••F• a[� �E3-y Ali aaR rr►�� e� � !§ d, si `� �$ 3 .i �� �� xdi��' $Sgf 7€§ x i a aC seta �."ll.J�t .'� $�d� � rtl s dF* i!C �d � 3 .� �../ � '� � : ¢ Y4i j xs$a �1 i ■ S.$ �S 3� $ a 8 4!1 $� 6 � `d' 1 � xga_ c,`a '•'+ �i d Cti 1J}^�YI Sw°uY '6. a �' a bi 1 3 SIT Ay V— y enA J!a 71°�'Y y S :a 8 WcfNV .P AY 9 �.a W iYND '§ ,.A, �y, =4 i ?: 4a w l Ak >• 2 E4+(i ! 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Management goals for MA 1 are: 1 . Maintain these sites and facilities for the safety and enjoyment of users. 2. Provide additional facilities where analysis shows the need. In addition to the Forest-wide Standards in Chapter II, the following standards apply to this management area: Resource Elements Standards RECREATION Maintain existing recreation opportunities consistant with the rural and urban recreation opportunity spectrum classes. Specific site plans will guide the modification or construction of developed sites . Recreation activity scheduling will identify where new construction, modification, or closure will take place. Maintain developed sites to prevent deterioration. Provide facilities for the handicapped at selecz�ed camping and picnicking areas. VISUAL QUALITY The visual quality objectives range from partial retention to modification. WILDLIFE AND FISH Habitat improvement projects that are compatible with developed recreation use may be scheduled. Manage developed sites in occupied grizzly bear habitat to minimize the potential for human/grizzly bear confrontation. Follow the standards set out in the grizzly bear guidelines (appendix G) . RANGE Restrict livestock grazing to meet management area goals. TIMBER Classified as unsuitable for timber production. i III-2 Permit vegetative management to provide diverse vegetative patterns. Inspect sites annually to identify and remove hazard trees. WATER AND SOILS Keep individual camping units away from shorelines. Meet all State and Federal potable water and sanitation standards. MINERALS Common variety minerals permits will not be issued. Evaluate withdrawal from mineral entry based on the criteria in Appendix D. Surface occupancy for oil and gas exploration and development will not be permitted within this management area or within 500 feet of the management area boundary. FACILITIES Design, construct, reconstruct, and maintain roads and trail consistent with management area goals. FIRE The wildfire suppression response will be control. Avoid use of heavy equipment. Prescribed fire may be used to meet management area goals. Emphasize fire prevention contacts. Average Annual Schedule of Management Practices 1st decade 2nd decade FACILITIES Site Construction/ 10 Family Units 10 Family Units Reconstruction WILDLIFE Habitat Improvement 10 Structures 10 Structures The monitoring requirements from Chapter IV that are applicable to the ' management area are as follows. The procedures outlined in Chapter IV will be followed to evaluate the data gathered during monitoring. Monitoring Requirements - See Chapter IV Table IV-1 for monitoring activities 3, 9, 15 11I-3 MANAGEMENT (82, 117 acres) AREA 3 These areas consist of nonforest, noncommercial forest, and forested areas which are unsuitable for timber production. They generally do not have roads passing through them. Topographic constraints and poor accessability characterize these areas. The management goal for `CIA 3 is: Managed essentially in their present condition to protect existing improvements and resources , with minimal investment for resource activities . In addition to the Forest-wide Standards in Chapter II, the following standards apply to this management area: Resource Elements Standards RECREATION Recreation Opportunity Spectrum classes are semi-primitive motorized or semi-primitive non-motorized. A variety of recreation opportunities exist but no new developments will be made. VISUAL QUALITY The visual quality objectives range from retention to partial retention. WILDLIFE AND FISH Habitat improvement projects will generally not be scheduled. RANGE Livestock grazing can occur where this management area falls within a grazing allotment. TIMBER Classified as unsuitable for timber production. Timber salvage, firewood, and other product removal may occur where access exists. Permit salvage of dead, dying, or high-hazard trees to prevent disease and insect population build-up that will adversely effect regulated timber stands. Stand manipulation to prevent on-site losses will not be practiced. WATER AND SOILS See Forest-wide Standards in Chapter II. III-b MINERALS See Forest-wide Standards in Chapter II. FACILITIES Roads will not be constructed for surface management, except to provide public access. .allow roads for private land access, special use mineral activity, or to provide access to other management areas if the soil and water values can be protected. The Forest Service investment in road and trail maintenance will be at a minimal level necessary to protect the investment and provide for soil and water protection and user safety. Evaluate applications for utility lines or stations on a case-by-case basis. FIRE The wildfire suppression response will be control, contain or confine. Prescribed fire may be used to meet management area goals. Average Annual Schedule of Management Practices 1st decade 2nd decade None Scheduled The monitoring requirements from Chapter IV that are applicable to the management area are as follows. The procedures outlined in Chapter IV will be followed to evaluate the data gathered during monitoring. Monitoring Requirements - See Chapter IV, Table IV-1 for monitoring activities 3, Ili-7 MANAGEMENT (29,913 acres) AREA 5 These areas are travel corridors that receive heavy recreation use. Areas included are portions of the Gallatin Canyon, Boulder River, Yankee Jim Canyon, highway U.S. 212 in the Cooke City vicinity, highways U.S. 191 and 287 in the West Yellowstone vicinity, and areas adjacent to Hebgen Lake and Hyalite Reservoir. Management goals for MA 5 are: 1 . Maintain and improve the wildlife habitat values and the natural attractiveness of these areas to provide opportunities for public enjoyment and safety. 2. allow a level of timber harvest consistent with goal 1 . In addition to the Forest-wide Standards in Chapter II, the following standards apply to this management area: Resource Elements Standards RECREATION Manage these areas to provide roaded recreation opportunities in a natural appearing forest setting. The Recreation Opportunity Spectrum classes are roaded natural appearing and roaded modified. Provide public access such as trails or boat landings to lakes and rivers. Provide interpretive signs and visitor information. VISUAL QUALITY The visual quality objectives will be retention or partial retention. WILDLIFE AND FISH Habitat improvement projects consisted with management area goals may be scheduled. Manage developed sites in occupied grizzly bear habitat to minimize the potential for human/grizzly bear confrontation. Follow the standards set out in the grizzly bear guidelines (Appendix G) . Maintain and enhance osprey and bald eagle feeding, perching, and nesting trees (e.g. , Quake/Hebgen Lake Complex) . Inventory and manage suitable nesting territories for peregrine falcon. III-14 RANGE Continue livestock grazing in existing allotments. Manage grazing to minimize conflicts with recreation uses. Grazing use within occupied grizzly bear habitat will be guided by the directions in the grizzly bear guidelines (Appendix G) _ TIMBER This area is classified as suitable for timber production. Manage to provide a diverse vegetative pattern. Include even-aged and uneven-aged harvest method systems. The standards for harvest methods are in Appendix A-1 . Shape and scale even-aged openings to replicate natural openings. Permit commercial and precommercial thinning if it enhances the recreational values of the area. A natural mix of species is desirable. Use species variety to improve visual quality. Actively control tree damaging agents. WATER AND SOILS Continue to manage Hebgen reservoir in accordance with its Federal Power Commission license. Meet all State and Federal potable water and sanitation standards. MINERALS Permits for the excavation of sand and gravel may be issued where capatible with management area goals. Evaluate withdrawal from mineral entry based on the criteria in Appendix D. Surface occupancy for oil and gas exploration and development will not be permitted in 100-year floodplains or within 500 feet of the high water mark. Require plans of operation for mining activity. I1I-15 LANDOWNERSHIP Areas identified in recreation composite plans will be given high priority for acquisition. Emphasize acquisition of access to rivers and lakes . FACILITIES Design, construct, reconstruct, and maintain roads and trails consistent with management area goals and traffic demands. Coordinate with other agencies to improve roads under their jurisdiction to achieve the goals of this management area. FIRE The wildfire suppression response will be control or contain, utilizing procedures which minimize soil disturbance. The confine response may be used early and late in the fire season. Prescribed fire may be used to meet management area goals. Emphasize fire prevention contact. Average Annual Schedule Of Management Practices 1st decade 2nd decade WILDLIFE Habitat Improvement 30 structures 30 structures T & E Habitat 15 structures 15 structures Improvement RANGE Range Improvement 50 acres 50 acres 2 structures 2 structures The monitoring requirements from Chapter IV that are applicable to the management area are as follows. The procedures outlined in Chapter IV will be followed to evaluate the data gathered during monitoring. Monitoring Requirements -- See Chapter IV, Table IV-1 for monitoring activities 3, 6, 8, 9, 12, 15, 16 III-16 MANAGEMENT (8,816 Acres dapped) AREA 7 (Approximately 59,000 acres Unmapped) These are the riparian management areas. Riparian pertains to the banks and other adjacent terrestrial environs of freshwater bodies, water courses, and surface--emergent aquifers. The transported waters provide soil moisture sufficiently in excess of that otherwise available locally to support a mesic (moist) vegetation differentiated from that of the contiguous, more xeric (arid) uplands. :Much of this area is not mapped because it is often a narrow zone and, therefore, not practical to map. About 59,000 acres of unmapped riparian land exists in other management areas. When the environs described above are found within any management area, the riparian standards will be applied. The management goal for MA 7 is: IN9anage the riparian resource to protect the soil, water, vegetation, fish, and wildlife dependent upon it. In addition to the Forest-wide Standards in Chapter II, the following standards apply to this management area: Resource Elements Standards RECREATION All recreation opportunity spectrum classes are included in this management area. Sanitation facilities constructed within riparian areas will comply with Montana State sanitation regulations. Restrict off-road vehicle use, except snowmobiles, to roads and trails. Developed sites will be designed to reduce impact on soil and water. VISUAL QUALITY The visual quality objectives range from retention to modification. WILDLIFE AND FISH Fish habitat improvement projects consistent with management area goals will be scheduled. Provide for optimum water temperatures for cold-water fish species. Maintain minimum instream flows. Maintain suitable habitats for those species of birds, mammals, and fish that are totally or partially dependent upon riparian areas for their existence. III-19 I I i In occupied grizzly bear habitat, utilize the guidelines (Appendix G) for maintenance and enhancement of natural food sources and security cover. Maintain and enhance traditional bald eagle feeding areas. RANGE Range improvements such as fences and water structures may be constructed to help meet the forage utilization standards listed below. Salting for livestock distribution will be outside of riparian areas. Concentration of livestock will be kept at a level compatible with riparian zone-dependent resource needs through development of pasture systems and associated improvements . Livestock utilization in riparian areas will follow these guidelines: Vegetative Forage Vegetative Grazing Condition Utilization Browse Utilization Type S stem Class by Wei ht b % of Leader Use Grass/Grasslike/ Continuous Good 4%. N.A. Forb Fair 30% N.A. Poor 20% N.A. Rest- Heavy UTe Rotation Pasture 55% N.A Light Use Pasture 4%. N.A. Defer- Heavy UTe Rotation Pasture 50% N.A. Light Use Pasture 35% N.A. Willow/Grass/ Continuous Good 55% 50% Grasslike and Fair 40% 50% Willow/Forest Rest- Heavy U�e Rotation Pasture 60% 50% Light Use Pasture 50 0 50°,' Defer- Heavy Use Rotation Pasture 50 50% Light Use Pasture 407. 50°' 1/ Trampled areas and streambank damage caused during heavy use year should be healed or stabilized within the following rest year. 2/ Disturbance on heavy use pasture should be stabilized or healed prior to use the following year. III-20 TIMBER Classified as suitable for timber production if adjacent management areas contain suitable timber. Manage to provide a diverse vegetative pattern. Design timber harvest to meet needs of riparian zone-dependent species. Maintain sufficient trees within 30 feet of the stream to provide snag recruitment to create pools and enhance spawning gravels for fish habitat. Emphasize special logging practices which minimize soil disturbance. Perform directional felling of timber where needed to protect the stream or associated riparian vegetation. Yarding across perennial streams will require special mitigation measures. Trees or products shall not be hauled or yarded across stream courses unless fully suspended or when designated crossings are used. Machine piling will not be allowed. Commercial thinning may be used to meet management area goals. A natural mix of species is desirable. Where cover is sufficient and forage is limited, natural regeneration may be used to extend the effective life of openings to provide wildlife forage. Precommercial thinning may be used to provide rapid growth of trees for wildlife thermal cover. Shade tolerant tree species which occur as an understory in sapling stands will be left during precommercial thinning to promote multi-storied stands. Prescribe stocking densities to maintain wildlife hiding cover and to provide rapid growth of trees for wildlife thermal cover. WATER AND SOILS Manage riparian vegetation, including overstory tree cover, to maintain streambank stability and promote filtering of overland flows. Avoid using equipment which causes excessive soil compaction and displacement. 111-21 i is MINERALS Common variety mineral permits will not be issued. Evaluate withdrawal from mineral entry based on the criteria in Appendix D. Surface occupancy for oil and gas exploration and development will not be permitted in 100-year floodplains or within 500 feet of the high water mark. Require plans of operation for suction dredging and .placer mining. FACILITIES Locate roads and trails outside of riparian areas where possible. Minimize amount of material from road and .trail construction wasted into riparian areas. Follow best management practices that apply to road construction. Design road drainage to minimize the entry of sediment into streams. Road design will also provide for low risk of drainage failure and mass failure. Minimize the number of stream crossings. Locate and design approaches to stream crossings to minimize damage to the riparian area. Design all crossings located in fishery streams to allow for upstream fish passage. Avoid channel realignment where possible. Minimize short-term sedimentation during bridge or culvert installation. Applications for hyro-electric developments will be accompanied by an operating plan and will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis. FIRE The wildfire suppression response will be the same as for the management areas surrounding riparian areas. Prescribed fire may be used to meet management area goals. i III-22 Average Annual Schedule of Management Practices 1st decade 2nd decade FISH Habitat Improvement 20 acres 20 acres 20 structures 20 structures TIMBER Timber Harvest 70 acres 70 acres Reforestation 70 acres 70 acres RANGE Structural Improvement 7 structures 7 structures WATER Rehabilitation 22 acres 27 acres The monitoring requirements from Chapter IV that are applicable to the management area are as follows. The procedures outlined in Chapter IV will be followed to evaluate the data gathered during monitoring. Monitoring Requirements - See ,Chapter IV, Table IV-1 for monitoring activities. 1 , 2. 3, 5, 6. 8, 9. 10, 12, 15 III-23 1, MANAGEMENT (83,942 acres) AREA 8 This area consists of lands which are suitable for timber management. although this area consists primarily of capable forest land, there are inclusions of nonforest and nonproductive forest lands. Management goals for MA 8 are: 1. Provide for productive timber stands and optimize timber growing potential. 2. Develop equal distribution of age classes to optimize sustained timber production and improve vegetative diversity. 3. Allow for other resource uses if compatible with the first two goals. 4. Meet State water quality standards and maintain channel stability. In addition to the Forest-wide Standards in Chapter II, the following standards apply to .this management area: Resource Elements Standards RECREATION See Forest-wide Standards in Chapter II. Recreation Opportunity Spectrum classes are roaded natural appearing and roaded modified. Dispersed recreation opportunities will be provided at a low level of investment that focuses primarily on travel planning and trail maintenance and, in the event of disruption from timber harvest activities, trail relocation. Management activities will be oriented toward reducing the impacts associated with recreation activities on other resource values, including protection of soil and water quality. VISUAL QUALITY The visual quality objectives range from partial retention to maximum modification. WILDLIFE & FISH Provide for fish and wildlife habitat improvement when consistent with management area goals. Project plans will incorporate considerations for wildlife and fish. See Forest-wide Standards in Chapter II. III-24 RANGE Use the Northern Region and Gallatin National Forest "Guidelines for the Protection of Regeneration from Livestock Grazing" to ensure protection of tree regeneration. TIMBER Classified as suitable for timber production. Include both even-aged and uneven-aged harvest method systems. The standards for harvest methods are in Appendix A-1. Encourage harvest of posts and poles and other products in existing stands to promote volume increase and meet the demand for these products. Favor Douglas-fir and lodgepole pine in management. However, retain other species for species diversity. Stocking control will occur when tree dominance is expressed. Actively control tree damaging agents, particularly dwarf mistletoe. WATER AND SOILS Use the Equivalent Clearcut Area (ECA) procedure as a means of evaluating hydrologic conditions. MINERALS See Forest-wide Standards in Chapter II. FACILITIES Local roads and some collector roads will be closed as needed to protect the road surface, reduce maintenance costs, and protect other resources. FIRE The wildfire suppression response will be control. Contain or confine responses may be used before and after the fire season. Prescribed fire may be used to meet management area goals. 111-25 Average Annual Schedule Of Management Practices 1st decade 2nd decade TIMBER Timber Harvest 500 acres 500 acres Reforestation 500 acres 500 acres Timber Stand Improvement 500 acres 500 acres RANGC Noxious Weeds 100 acres 100 acres FACILITIES Road Construction/ Reconstruction 9 miles 9 miles The monitoring requirements from Chapter IV that are applicable to the management area are as follows. The procedures outlined in Chapter IV will be followed to evaluate the data gathered during monitoring. Monitoring Re uirements - See Chapter IV, Table IV-1 for monitorin • activities 3, 6, 9, 12, 14, 15 II1-26 MANAGEMENT (19,481 Acres) AREA 9 These areas consists of suitable timber lands which have high dispersed recreation value and are visually sensitive. Portions of these areas are presently roaded. These areas include portions of the Bozeman municipal watershed. Management goals for NIA 9 are: 1. Provide for a variety of dispersed recreation activities in a roaded setting. 2. Harvest timber consistent with goals 1 and 2. 3. Meet State water quality standards and maintain channel stability. In addition to the Forest-wide Standards in Chapter II, the following standards apply to this management area: Management Practices Standards RECREATION Recreation Opportunity Spectrum class is roaded natural. appearing. Manage roads for dispersed recreation and to protect other resources. Dispersed recreation opportunities will be provided with moderate levels of investment in trail and recreational road maintenance, trailhead facilities, and in the event of disruption from timber harvest activities, trail relocation. Trailhead facilities will be installed as necessary to disperse use throughout the area. Identify opportunities and restrictions on the Forest Travel Map. VISUAL QUALITY The visual quality objectives range from retention to partial retention. WILDLIFE & FISH Fish and wildlife habitat improvement consistent with management goals may be scheduled. RANGE Fora e can be utilized by livestock. I11-2 TIMBER Classified as suitable for timber production. Include even-aged and uneven-aged harvest method systems. The standards for harvest methods are in Appendix A-1 . Shape and scale even-aged openings to replicate natural openings. Permit commercial and precommerical thinning consistent with management goals. A natural mix of species is desirable. Use management for species variety to improve visual quality. Stocking density standards may be varied to add variety to the visual resource. Actively control tree damaging agents. WATER AND SOILS Use the Equivalent Clearcut Area (ECA) procedure to evaluate hydrologic conditions. Emphasize protection of the municipal watersheds through the use of best management practices in Appendix C. MINERALS See Forest-wide Standards in Chapter II. FACILITIES Design, construct, reconstruct, and maintain roads and trails consistent with management area goals. Maintain the trail system to enhance dispersed recreation. Provide trailhead facilities. FIRE The wildfire suppression response will be control. Contain or confine responses may be used before and after the fire season. Prescribed fire may be used to meet management area goals. 11I-28 Schedule of Management Practices 1st decade Average Annual2nd decade TIMBER Timber Harvest 150 acres 150 acres Reforestation 150 acres 150 acres FACILITIES Road Construction/ Reconstruction 3 miles 3 miles The monitoring requirements from Chapter IV that are applicable to the management area are as follows. The procedures outlined in Chapter IV will be followed to evaluate the data gathered during monitoring. Monitorin_g Requirements - See Chapter IV, Table IV-1 for monitoring activities 3, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 17 III-29 MANAGEM= (57,491 acres) AREA 11 These areas consist of forested big game habitat. They include productive forest lands that are available for timber harvest, provided that big game habitat objectives are met. Management goals for AMA 11 are: I. Maintain elk habitat effectiveness following timber harvest. 2. Base vegetative management on vegetative characteristics needed for featured wildlife species. 3. Allow a level of timber harvest consistent with goals 1 and 2. 4. Meet State water quality standards and maintain stream stability. In addition to the Forest-wide Standards in Chapter II, the following standards apply to this management area: Resource Elements Standards RECREATION Recreation Opportunity Spectrum classes are roaded natural appearing and roaded modified. A variety of dispersed recreation activities are compatible with the management area goals. Winter recreation activities will not be allowed on important winter range when they disrupt big game use. Dispersed recreation opportunities will be provided with moderate levels of investment in trail and recreational road maintenance, trailhead facilities, and, in the event of disruption from timber harvest activities, trail relocation. Trailhead facilities will be installed as necessary to disperse use throughout the area. VISUAL QUALITY The visual quality objectives range from partial retention to modification. WILDLIFE AND FISH Resource area analysis will identify vegetative characteristics and habitat effectiveness for featured species. III-33 RANGE On big game winter range, meet big game forage needs before making forage allocations to livestock. Base allocation of big game summer range forage on range allotment analysis , TIMBER Classified as suitable for timber production. Design timber harvest on big game winter ranges to enhance winter range capability. Include even-aged and uneven-aged harvest method systems. Design even-aged openings so no point is more than 600 feet from cover. Use the following guidelines for scheduling timber sales, unless the vegetative characteristics established for elk indicate otherwise. 1. Duration of Activity Restrict sale activities to no longer than five (5) consecutive years. 2. Re-entry a. A minimum of two (2) years inactivity following 1-3 years of consecutive activity - or -- a minimum of five (5) years following 4-5 years of consecutive activity. b. Re-entry should not occur unless 40 percent or more of the drainage can be maintained in cover (20% hiding, 10 thermal, +10% in either hiding or thermal cover) distributed throughout the drainage. Refer to the glossary in the final Forest Plan for the definition of thermal and hiding cover. 3. Security Areas a. Provide security areas immediately adjacent to the influence zone of the project area on a site-by-site basis. Security areas typically should be 5,000 acres or larger, contain a similar complement of vegetative habitat components that existed in the influence zone, and be in areas that are roadless or where open road density is one mile 11I-34 per square mile or less. Roaded areas may be managed to meet this objective by imposing road use restrictions needed to meet elk hunter opportunity objectives. No commercial thinning is planned. A natural mix of species is desirable. Where cover is sufficient and forage is limited, natural regeneration may be used to extend the effective life of openings to provide wildlife forage. See Appendix A-1 for standards on "Duration of Opening" for wildlife management areas . Precommercial thinning may be used to provide rapid growth of trees for wildlife thermal cover. Leave tolerant tree species , which occur as an understory in sapling stands, during precommercial thinning to promote multi-storied stands. Prescribe stocking densities to maintain hiding cover characteristics. Actively control tree damaging agents. WATER AND SOILS Evaluate the Equivalent Clearcut Area (ECA) procedure to evaluate hydrologic conditions. MINERALS See Forest-wide Standards in Chapter II. FACILITIES Locate roads and trails to avoid important wildlife areas such as wallows, licks , calving, and fawning areas. Implement road use restrictions to achieve an elk habitat effectiveness level of at least 60,S or a specified elk hunter opportunity objective. FIRE The wildfire suppression response will be control. Contain or confine responses may be used before and after the fire season. Prescribed fire may be used to meet management area goals. III-35 Average Annual Schedule of Manazement Practices lst decade 2nd decade ----_ WILDLIFE Habitat Improvement 175 acres 175 acres TIMBER Timber Harvest 470 acres 470 acres Reforestation 470 acres 470 acres Timber Stand Improvement 350 acres 350 acres RANGE Noxious Weeds 100 acres 100 acres FACILITIES Road Construction/ Reconstruction 10 miles 10 miles The monitoring requirements from Chapter IV that are applicable to the management area are as follows. The procedures outlined in Chapter IV will be followed to evaluate the data gathered during monitoring. tonitorin Requirements - See Chapter IV, Table IV-1 for monitorinP activities 3, 6, 9, 12, 14, 15, 16 III-36 MANAGEMENT (138,164 acres) AREA 12 These management areas provide important habitat for summer or winter wildlife use in a variety of terrain and vegetative types. These areas also offer dispersed recreation opportunities. Management goals for MA 12 are: 1. Maintain and improve the vegetative condition to provide habitat for a diversity of wildlife species. 2. Provide for a variety of dispersed recreation opportunities. 3. Provide forage for livestock consistent with goal 1. In addition to the Forest-side Standards in Chapter II, the following standards apply to this management area: Resource Elements Standards RECREATION Recreation Opportunity Spectrum classes are semi-primitive motorized and semi-primitive non-motorized. A variety of dispersed recreation activities are compatible with the management area goals. Use limits-of-acceptable change discussed in Appendix B to identify problem areas and develop corrective ' action. Recreation activities may be restricted on important wildlife habitat. VISUAL QUALITY The visual quality objectives range from retention to partial retention. WILDLIFE AND FISH Schedule vegetation management practices, such as prescribed fire, to maintain .or improve the quality and quantity of wildlife habitat. Inventory and manage suitable nesting territories for peregrine falcon. RANGE On big game winter range, meet big game forage needs before making forage allocations to livestock. 11I-37 Base allocation of big game summer range forage on range allotment analysis. Range improvements may be scheduled when identified in the allotment management plan. TIMBER Classified as unsuitable for timber production. Harvest of post and pole and other wood products can take place adjacent to existing roads. WATER AND SOILS See Forest--wide Standards in Chapter II. MINERALS Use stipulations regarding timing of oil and gas exploration activities in calving, fawning, wintering, and concentration areas. FACILITIES Roads will not be constructed for surface management, except to provide public access. Allow roads for private land access, special use mineral activity, or to provide access to other management areas. Locate roads and trails to avoid important wildlife areas such as wallows , licks , calving, and fawning areas. Manage roads and trails to provide for dispersed recreation activities consistent with wildlife goals. Construct trailhead facilities to enhance recreation opportunities. Evaluate applications for utility lines or stations on a case-by-case basis. TIRE The wildfire suppression response will be control, contain or confine. Prescribed fire may be used to meet management area goals. 111--38 i i Average Annual Schedule of Management Practices 1st decade 2nd decade WILDLIFE Habitat Improvement 200 acres 200 acres FACILITIES Trail Construction/ 4 Miles 4 Miles Reconstruction r The monitoring requirements from Chapter IV that are applicable to the management area are as follows. The procedures outlined in Chapter IV will be I followed to evaluate the data gathered during monitoring. Monitoring Requirements - See Chapter IV, Table IV-1 for monitoring activities 3. 6, 9 I . i i 1 r } I FI 1 • i 3 I 3 i III-39 i t i MANAGEMENT (20,509 acres) AREA 16 These areas have open grasslands interspersed with nonproductive timber lands, generally on slopes less than 40 percent. They contain the most productive and heavily used portions of range allotments. The Management Goal for NIA 16 is: Maintain or improve vegetative conditions and forage production for livestock use. In addition to the Forest-wide Standards in Chapter II, the following standards apply to this management area: Resource Elements Standards RECREATION Recreation Opportunity Spectrum classes are roaded natural appearing, semi-primitive motorized, and semi-primitive non-motorized. Provide dispersed recreation opportunities at a low level of investment, primarily travel planning and maintenance of recreation travel routes that pass through this area. VISUAL QUALITY The visual quality objective is partial retention. WILDLIFE AND FISH Habitat improvement projects may be scheduled when consistent with the management area goal. RANGE Implement intensive management systems to utilize the range resource. Schedule forage improvement projects , such as sagebrush burning and poisonous plant control. Schedule structural improvements when identified in approved allotment management plan. TIMBER Classified as unsuitable for timber production. Allo:a harvest of post and pole and other wood products in areas adjacent to existing roads. fE ': F Iii-50 1 WATER AND SOILS See Forest-wide Standards in Chapter 11. MINERALS See Forest-wide Standards in Chapter II. FACILITIES Roads will not be constructed .for surface management, except to provide public access. Allow roads for private. land access, special use mineral activity, or to provide access to other management areas. Maintain livestock driveways. FIRE The wildfire suppression response will be control, contain, or confine. Prescribed fire may be used to meet management area goals . Average Annual Schedule of Management Practices 1st decade 2nd decade RANGE Range Improvement 50 acres 50 acres 1 structure 1 structure The monitoring requirements from Chapter IV that are applicable to the management area are as follows. The procedures outlined in Chapter IV will be followed to evaluate the data gathered during monitoring. Monitoring Requirements - see Chapter IV, Table IV-1 for montioring activities 3. 6, 9 1I1-51 MANAGEMENT (56,772 acres) AREA 17 These areas are grasslands or nonproductive forestlands on slopes of less than 40 percent that are suitable for livestock grazing and contain important big game habitat. They contain some of the most productive and heavily used portions of range allotments. The Management goal for MA 17 is: Maintain or improve vegetative conditions and forage production for livestock and wildlife use. In addition to the Forest-wide Standards in Chapter II, the following standards apply to this management area: Resource Elements Standards RECREATION Recreation Opportunity Spectrum classes include semi-primitive motorized and semi-primitive non-motorized. Provide dispersed recreation opportunities at a low level of investment, primarily travel planning and maintenance of recreation travel routes. Winter recreation activities may be controlled or restricted when they disrupt big game use. Provide a variety of hurting opportunities. VISUAL QUALITY The visual quality objective is partial retention. WILDLIFE AND FISH Schedule habitat improvement projects. Coordinate projects within allotments between livestock and big game needs. Inventory and manage suitable nesting territories for peregrine falcon. RANGE On big game winter range, meet big game forage needs before making forage allocations to livestock. Base allocation of big game summer range forage on range allotment analysis. Schedule structural improvements when identified in an approved allotment management plan. III--52 Schedule forage iiuprovement projects , such as sage brush burning and poisonouse plant control. TIMBER Classified as unsuitable for timber production. Allow harvest of post and poles and other wood products in areas adjacent to existing roads. WATER AND SOILS See Forest-wide Standards in Chapter II. MINERALS Stipulations regarding timing of oil and gas exploration activities will be used in calving, fawning, wintering, and concentration areas . FACILITIES Roads will not be constructed for surface management, except to provide public access. Allow roads for private land access , special use mineral activity, or to provide access to other management areas. Locate roads and trails to avoid important wildlife areas. Road use restrictions may be used to minimize disturbance to big game. Maintain livestock driveways . FIRE The suppression response will be conrol, contain, or confine. Prescribed fire may be used to meet management area goals. Average Annual Schedule of Mana ement Practices 1st decade 2nd decade WILDLIFE Habitat Improvement 50 acres 50 acres RANGE Range Improvement 200 acres 200 acres 4 structures 4 structures The monitoring requirements from Chapter IV that are applicable to the management area are as follows . The procedures outlined in Chapter IV will be followed to evaluate the data gathered during monitoring. Monitoring Requirements - see Chapter IV, 'fable IV-1 for monitoring activities. 3, 6. 9 III-53 MANAGEMENT (23, 100 acres) AREA 18 This area is comprised of the high mountain peaks and valleys in the Northern portion of the Hyalite-Porcupine-Buffalo Horn Study Area. It is steep and rugged terrain with good trails, several waterfalls, and other scenic attractions. There are six mountains over ten thousand feet in elevation within a twelve square mile area. This area contains an important Rocky :Mountain Bighorn Sheep population. Management goals for Pia 18 are: 1. Emphasize dispersed recreation use and protect scenic qualities. 2. Maintain and enhance bighorn sheep habitat. In addition to the Forest-wide Standards in Chapter II, the following standards apply to this management area: Management Practices Standards RECREATION Recreation Opportunity Spectrum classes include semi--primitive motorized and semi-primitive non-motorized. Restrict summer motorized use to trails designated on the Forest Travel Map. Use limits-of-acceptable change discussed in appendix B to identify problem areas and develop corrective action. Construct campsites and sanitary facilities if need is identified. Install informational signs according to standards described in the Forest Service Sign Handbook 7109.11. Portal signs and visitor contacts will emphasize "low impact" use and convey a "pack-it-in pack-it-out" message. VISUAL QUALITY The visual quality objective is retention. WILDLIFE AND FISH Manage the bighorn sheep _lambing area. Conduct a lake survey to inventory the existing and potential lake fishery. Maintain habitat conditions in Emerald Lake for the benefit of the grayling popuuation. III-54 Emphasize maintenance of lakeshore vegetation. RANGE Classified as unsuitable for livestock grazing. TIMBER Classisfied as unsuitable for timber production. WATER AND SOILS Recreational livestock grazing will not be permitted within 200 feet of lake shores. MINERALS Evaluate withdrawal from mineral entry based on the criteria in Appendix D. Surface occupancy will not be permitted for mineral leases. FACILITIES Construct, reconstruct, and maintain trails to accomodate recreation needs. Evaluate the need for a trail connecting the East and Main Fork Hyalite Creek trails. Develop a trailhead on Dry Creek. FIRE The wildfire suppression response will be control, contain, or confine. Prescribed fire may be used to meet management goals. Average Annual Schedule of Management Practices 1st decade 2nd decade FACILITIES Trail Construction/ 2 mile 2 mile Reconstruction The monitoring requirements from Chapter IV that are applicable to the management area are as follows. The procedures outlined in Chapter IV will be followed to evaluate the data gathered during monitoring. Monitoring Requirements - see Chapter IV Table IV-1 for monitoring activities. 3, 6. 9 III-55 MANAGEMENT (3,301 acres) AREA 21 This management area consists of proposed Reasearch Natural Areas (RNA) identified on the Gallatin National Forest to meet Regional targets of various ecosystems in southwestern Montana. The Forest has identified 11 areas as potential Research :Natural Areas. Currently, there are no Research Natural Areas on the Gallatin National Forest. Habitat Type Vegetative Candidate Code Habitat Tape Occurrence" RNA FOREST TARGETS 430 PICEA/PHMA m Sliding :Mtn. , E. Fork Mill Cr. , Passage Cr. 440 PICEA/GATR N1 Sliding Mtn. 470 PICEA/LIBO 31 Passage Cr. , Pioneer Lakes 480 PICEA/SXIST m 630 ABLA/GATR m Mt. Ellis, Sliding Mtn. , Palace Butte 6:30 ALBA/CACA :til Pioneer Lakes, Wheeler Ridge 660 ABLA/LIBO M Black Butte,. Sliding Mtn. , E. Fork Mill Cr. , Passage Ck. , Pioneer Lakes 720 ABLA/VAGL ,I1 Mt. Ellis, Sliding Mtn. , Passage Ck. 740 ABLA/ALSI m Sliding Mtn. , Palace Butte 820 ABLA-PIAL/VASC iM Black Butte, Sliding ?Mtn. , Passage Cr. , Palace Butte, Wheeler Ridge 910 PICO/PLTTR m Obsidian Sands COTTONWOOD M NONFOREST AGSP/BOGR M Black Butte FEID/STRI m ARAR/AGSP m AQUATIC TYPE 1 STREAM Pioneer Lakes, Mt. Ellis, Wheeler Ridge TYPE 3 STREAM Pioneer Lakes, Palace Butte WATERFALL Palace Butte SPECIAL FAUNAL POP. Pioneer Lakes RIVER LOW PRODUCTION LAKE Palace Butte AVERAGE PRODUCTION LAKE Pioneer Lakes HIGH PRODUCTION LAKE LAKE WITH FISH Pioneer Lakes LAKE WITHOUT FISH Palace Butte LAKE W/SPECIAL FAUNAL POP. Pioneer Lakes WET ,'MEADOW Wheeler Ridge M = major occurrence satisfied by representation of 50 acres. m = minor occurrence satisfied by representation of 10 acres. III-62 The management goal for MA 21 is: Provide areas for non-manipulative research, observation, and study of undisturbed ecosystems which typify important forest, shrubland, grassland, alpine, aquatic communities , and geologic types on the Gallatin National Forest. Establishment reports will be prepared for each area. Specific management direction will be incorporated as Forest Plan amendments upon establishment of areas. In addition to the Forest-wide Standards in Chapter II, the following standards apply to this management area: Resource Elements Standards RECREATION Recreation Opportunity Spectrum classes include primitive, semi-primitive motorized, and semi-primitive non-motorized. See Forest-wide Standards in Chapter II. WILDERNESS Management of Research Natural Areas (RNAs) in wilderness will be consistent with wilderness goals. VISUAL QUALITY See Forest-wide Standards in Chapter II. WILDLIFE AND FISH Wildlife habitat improvements are not permitted. RANGE Livestock grazing is not allowed unless permitted prior to RNA establishment. TIMBER Classified as unsuitable for timber production. No measures will generally be undertaken for insect and disease management unless epidemic populations exist and adjacent lands are severely threatened. WATER AND SOILS See Forest-wide Standards in Chapter II. MINERALS This management area will be recommended for withdrawal from mineral entry. No surface occupancy will occur until a decision is made on withdrawal. III-63 LANDOWNERSHIP Evaluate applications for special use permits on a case-by-case basis. FACILITIES Evaluate road construction necessary to meet RNA objectives on a case-by-case basis. FIRE Select the wildfire suppression response to minimize disturbance of Research Natural Areas, control, contain, or confine. Prescribed fire may be used to perpetuate the natural diversity of plant communities. Average Annual Schedule of Management Practices 1st decade 2nd decade None Scheduled The monitoring requirements from Chapter IV that are applicable to the management area are as follows. The procedures outlined in .Chapter IV will be followed to evaluate the data gathered during monitoring. Monitorin Requirements - see Cha ter IV, Table IV-1 for monitoring activities. 3. 6 I11-64 i APPENDIX G GRAZING ALLOTMENT INFORMATION Western Groundwater Services 1950/2210 DECISION NOTICE AND FINDING OF NO SIGNIFICANT IMPACT HYALITE, WEST HYALITE AND SOUTH COTTONWOOD GRAZING ALLOTMENTS Bozeman Ranger District Gallatin National Forest Gallatin County, Montana Introduction The Hyalite, West Hyalite and South Cottonwood Grazing Allotments are approximately 10 miles southwest of Bozeman, Montana on the north face of the Gallatin Mountains in Gallatin County. They encompass over 28 sections of land (T3S and T4S, R4E and T5E) within the Hyalite and South Cottonwood Creek drainages. There are approximately 18,461 acres within the allotments: 17,661 acres of national forest and 800 acres owned privately. Of this total, approximately 6,229 acres are considered suitable for grazing. The Forest Service is proposing to combine the Hyalite and West Hyalite Grazing Allotments into one administrative unit called the Hyalite Canyon Grazing Allotment, issue two Term Grazing Permits, and close the South Cottonwood Grazing Allotment. This proposal and its associated activities will allow livestock grazing on available forage for the purpose of livestock production; stabilize the vegetative component; improve livestock distribution; and comply with Forest Plan standards and guidelines. Decision It is my decision to select Alternative 2 as discussed in the Environmental Assessment (EA) with some adjustments as discussed below and to authorize two Forest Service Term Grazing Permits. Both permits would utilize the three-pasture rest rotation system as the livestock would graze in common as one herd. Included in my decision to graze the Hyalite Canyon area are the following actions: (1) Closure of the South Cottonwood Grazing Allotment; (2) Combination of the Hyalite and West Hyalite Grazing Allotments into one administrative unit to be named the Hyalite Canyon Grazing Allotment; (3) Implementation of a three-pasture rest rotation grazing system; and (4) Construction, reconstruction and removal of range improvement structures. Livestock grazing would be allowed on the Hyalite Canyon Allotment under the following conditions: Hvallt@,WP.St HvilitP. Rniith ( nttnnwnnd DPcisinn Nntir.P/F0NSI - 1 (1) Numbers and Season of Grazing Use - Grazing would be authorized under two term grazing permits on the allotment from July 5 through October 6. A total of 90 cow/calf pair would use two out of three pastures between 83 and 103 days each year for an average 264 head months (HMS) or 349 animal unit months (AVMs). The season of use may be adjusted for either permit depending on weather, permittee needs, range readiness and/or range condition. Prescribed utilization levels, set at an average of 40% to 60%will determine actual use as described below. The turn-on date has been adjusted from July 1 to July 5 to avoid conflicts with high levels of roaded recreation use over the Fourth of July holiday and the removal date has been adjusted to reflect the available forage on the Hyalite and West Hyalite Grazing Allotments given the desired vegetative condition. Available AUMs of 329 to 367 can accommodate 90 cow/calf pair for an average grazing period of 91 days. (2) Grazing System- The allotment will be managed under a three-pasture rest rotation grazing system. To accommodate the three-pasture rest rotation grazing system, three pastures are to be identified within the Hyalite Canyon Grazing Allotment. The Moser/Buckskin Pasture and the Lickr'Wildhorse Pasture lie on the east side of the drainage and the Langohr Pasture is on the west side of the drainage. One pasture out of the three will be excluded from grazing each year. Every three years that same pasture would again be excluded. The rested pasture will be grazed late the following year; essentially giving the vegetation two years of rest during the active growing season. The pasture grazed late will be grazed early the next spring and then rested the following year. The rest rotation system is designed to allow for a period of nonuse during the active growing season. This results in increased plant vigor and maturity over time by allowing the vegetation in the allotment to establish a more extensive stem, leaf and root system. It also allows for a reduction in impacts on soils from trampling, such as smearing, especially on riparian areas. More even animal distribution occurs over the complete allotment. If the three-pasture rest rotation system, which allows grazing in the Lick/Wildhorse Pasture, results in negative impacts to the established westslope cutthroat trout populations, the grazing system will revert to the two-pasture deferred system described in Alternative 3 in the Environmental Assessment. No further environmental analysis will need to be conducted at that time if. such a circumstance should develop. Implementation of the two pasture system does not allow grazing in the Lick,Wildhorse Pasture. A summary of allowable days, AUMs, season of use and the rotation schedule are illustrated in Table 1 for the three-pasture rest rotation grazing system. Hyalite, West Hyalite, South Cottonwood Decision Notice/FONSI - 2 Table 1. Pasture rotation schedule, season of use, and average utilization levels proposed for the Hyalite Canyon Allotment. PASTURE ACTUAL DAYS UTILIZATION AUMs Year 1 Langohr 08/13-9/30 600/0 194 Lick/Wildhorse Rest 0% 0 MoseriBuckskin 07/05-08/12 40% 156 Year 2 Langohr 07/5-0818 40% 138 Lick/Wildhorse 08/9- 9/26 45% 191 Moser/Buckskin Rest 0 0 Year 3 Langohr Rest 0 0 Lick/Wildhorse 07/5- 8/17 40% 133 Moser/Buckskin 08/18- 10i6 60% 234 (3) Riparian and Upland Utilization Standards - Utilization standards to be implemented for this decision are identified in the Gallatin National Forest Plan (p. I11-20) for riparian areas and in the Range Analysis Handbook (FSH 2209.21, 633-1) for uplands in a fair to good condition class. These utilization levels will be part of the grazing permits and will be used to determine the time of actual use on the allotment. The allotment will be monitored and cattle numbers or season of use may be adjusted to achieve these levels. Pastures that are entered first for the grazing season will be allowed a 40% utilization of vegetation in key areas. These key areas are locations that the cattle actively use and are typically located on topographic bench relief sites which are up and away from streams. Pastures that are entered second for the grazing season will be allowed a 60% utilization of the vegetation in the key areas. To eliminate impacts from permitted livestock on the westslope cutthroat trout in the Wildhorse Creek drainage, a utilization level of 30% will be applied to the "greenline" riparian vegetation immediately adjacent to defined channels. The greenline is identified as those areas immediately adjacent to a defined stream channel which support vegetation types characteristically found in riparian areas. These areas roughly represent the flood-prone area width of a stream channel as defined by Rosgen 1994. These areas also greatly influence riparian and hydrologic function. In the other riparian or wetland areas in Wildhorse Creek drainage, the standard 45% riparian grazing utilization level will be allowed. In Lick Creek, a 45% utilization level will be allowed in riparian areas outside of the riparian exclosure. If monitoring indicates that a tighter, more restrictive utilization level is needed to protect the westslope Hvalita Waet Hvalita Rniith (.nttnnwnnri naniginn Nntira!FnNSI -.'i cutthroat trout population in that drainage, a 30% utilization standard will be applied in the "greenline" areas for Lick Creek. The utilization levels to be allowed in the Hyalite Canyon Allotment are listed in Table 2. Table 2. Utilization standards for riparian and upland areas managed under a three-pasture rest rotation system for the Hyalite Canyon Allotment. AREA 1 VEGETATIVE CONDITION I VEGETATIVE TYPE ALLOWABLE USE i CLASS General Mid to high seral or good condition Riparian shrub/forest, 40% fi0% Riparian ; Riparian shrub/grass, I sedge Wildhorse Mid to high sera) or good condition Riparian shrub/grass/ 30% Greenfine I ! sedge I Upland ! Mid to high seral or good condition Grass/forb, Upland 40%-60% shrub/grass/forb i (4) Ri,oafian Condition- Maintain riparian conditions by grazing under Forest Plan Standards. This will be accomplished by moving cattle out of this area when streamside forage utilization reaches a maximum of 40% in the fight use pastures and 55% in heavy use pastures in riparian grass communities and 50% for the light use pasture and 60% in the heavy use pastures in grass/willow communities. I have identified several actions to take place to maintain andlor improve site-specific riparian conditions within the Hyalite Canyon Allotment. They are as follows: (a) To eliminate potential impacts to westslope cutthroat in Lick Creek, a riparian exciosure structure will be constructed in Lick Creek to assure that permitted livestock do not impact the 0.5 mfie section of Lick Creek immediately upstream of the second culvert crossing. (b) To further improve riparian conditions in Moser Creek, the stream crossing will be reduced from approximately 20 feet to 3 feet with brush and slash utilized to prevent cattle entrance onto the site. (c) To assure that permitted livestock do not adversely affect the stream reaches within Wildhorse Creek, salt will be placed at least 1/4 mile away from the stream. (d) During late use years, to assure that permitted livestock do not adversely affect the stream reaches in the LickiWildhorse Pasture, allowable utilization use will be set at 45%. (e) In the Wildhorse drainage, cattle will be removed from the pasture when use along the greenline of the streams reaches 30%. (5) Monitoring- The Forest Service will monitor conditions on the allotment as follows: Hyalite, West Hyalite, South Cottonwood Decision Notice/FONSi - 4 (a) Random spot counts and checks are conducted during routine allotment inspections to assess that stocking levels are correct. (b) Random spot checking brands and class of animal to determine that the cattle are actually permitted cattle. (c) Random checking during the summer to see that the cattle are in the allotment at the prescribed time and have been moved on time according to utilization levels and the annual plan of use. (d) Random checking of range fences to see that they are properly functioning so that cattle will be correctly distributed and in the assigned area. Checking of salt locations to be sure they are a proper distance from water or other sensitive areas and that wildlife is not causing damage around salt grounds. Permittees are encouraged to move salt during the grazing season to draw cattle to more lightly grazed areas of the allotment. (e) Random assessment of allotment conditions for range readiness (plant development and soil condition) and drought conditions which might necessitate grazing adjustments. (f) Random measurements of utilization levels to determine the effectiveness of the annual grazing prescription. Utilization transects, ocular estimates of utilization or clipped grazed/ungrazed plots are used to estimate utilization. In particular, the following areas will be monitored for utilization: (1) Tractor Flats, SW section 32, T3S, R6E in Moser/Buckskin pasture; (2) Grassland park behind the Buckskin riparian pasture, center of section 32, T3S, R6E in Buckskin pasture; (3) Mountain meadow, SW section 32, Langohr pasture; (4) Primary range adjacent to Lick Creek; and (5) Tributaries of Wildhorse Creek in NE Section 14. (g) Weeds, noxious weeds and any new infestations will be noted during allotment inspections and treated accordingly. (h) Monitoring and/or rangeland analysis may indicate that range conditions have changed over time. If so, appropriate Forest Plan utilization standards corresponding to the monitored range condition class would be used to establish utilization levels. (6) Water Developments -There are three existing water developments within the assessment area. The two troughs within the South Cottonwood Allotment will not be available to cattle from the Hyalite Canyon Allotment but will remain in place for use by wildlife as long as the structures remain functional. Once the structures are determined to be nonfunctional, they will be removed. The existing trough within the Langohr Pasture will remain and be maintained as functional. Another water development may be constructed in the southern portion of Langohr pasture if it is later determined to be of benefit for livestock management. No further environmental analysis or documentation would be required to install that trough. Numerous other seeps and springs are present on the allotment for use by livestock and are not proposed c--,elopment at this (7) Structural Improvements - Structural fence improvements discussed in the Environmental Assessment on III-7 will continue to be used. In addition, the proposed drift fences, cattleguard and riparian exclosure discussed may be constructed to assist with livestock distribution. An additional drift fence between Face Draw and Lick Creek, which is not disclosed in the Environmental Assessment, may also need to be constructed if it is ever found that cattle are inappropriately drifting into the Lick/Wildhorse Pasture. Maintenance of allotment fences are the responsibility of the permittees. These existing and proposed structures are designed to assist with livestock distribution and reduction of site specific impacts. More specifically, the proposed construction and reconstruction is designed to prevent drift, improve cattle distribution, and prevent cattle from impacting westslope cutthroat trout in Lick and WRdhorse Creeks. Cattle drift from, and within the allotment, had increased in the past grazing seasons but has begun to be adequately controlled in recent years through extensive reconstruction and maintenance of existing fence structures and on-site monitoring by the permittees. If it is determined that the range improvement structures are necessary for livestock management,.no further environmental analysis is needed. (8) Permit issuance - Cattle grazing, under the conditions described above, will be authorized through issuance of two 10-year Term Grazing Permit. If, however. through annual monitoring of the allotment, it is determined that westslope cutthroat trout are being adversely affected in either the Lick Creek or Wildhorse Creek drainages by permitted livestock grazing, Alternative 2 will no longer continue to be implemented. Instead, Alternative 3, which disallows grazing in either Lick Creek or Wildhorse Creek drainages through use of a two pasture grazing system, will be implemented. Allowable use and numbers will adjust accordingly and all terms and conditions will come into effect as described in the EA, Chapter III. No further environmental analysis or documentation will be required is this action is implemented. Rationale for the Decision In making this decision, I have considered that grazing on the Gallatin National Forest is an authorized use approved and regulated by several acts of Congress as described in the Environmental Assessment (EA, pp. 1-3, IV-18 through 1V-21). The decision whether to allow grazing on the National Forest is a decision made with respect to site specific conditions. In coming to my decision, I considered the alternative of not issuing a permit and discontinuing grazing on the allotment (Alternative 1); the selected alternative (Alternative 2) a three-pasture rest rotation system of issuing a grazing permit under the conditions described above; and a two-pasture deferred system (Alternative 3). One other alternative was considered but not carried forward for detailed consideration for various reasons such as: (1) not improving the vegetative component or range condition as quickly as desired; (2) not solving the concerns for westslope cutthroat trout; (3) not improving the distribution of livestock throughout the allotment; (4) continuing the potential conflicts between roaded motorized recreation and livestock over the Fourth of July holiday; (5) not closing the South Cottonwood Allotment; (6) not meeting the purpose and need of the assessment; and (7) not meeting all of the Forest Plan standards as discussed on page 11-20 of the Gallatin National Forest Plan. The other alternative involved using a deferred grazing system on each of the three allotments analyzed. This system is what is currently approved in the allotment management plans for the areas. It is also the system that will continue to be used until the chosen alternative is implemented. A more detailed description of this alternative is described in the EA on page I11-10. I selected Alternative 2 because I felt it met the purpose and need of the proposal while maintaining or improving ecological functions of the area. I believe that grazing under conditions imposed under Hyalite, West Hyalite, South Cottonwood Decision Notice;FONSI - 6 Alternative 2 will allow the continuation of two livestock operations that are economically important to the permittees and will allow the continued use of available forage for livestock production. This benefit can be derived while causing no apparent significant adverse resource impacts on the allotment. Alternative 2, as designed, avoids potential conflicts between livestock and westslope cutthroat, improves the distribution, movement and management of livestock on the allotment. Alternative 2 also closes the South Cottonwood Allotment which is not easily accessible by a permittee. Alternative 1 does not allow for livestock grazing on Hyalite, West Hyalite or South Cottonwood Allotments. Even though it avoids all potential conflicts with westslope cutthroat, public recreation and concerns with livestock movement and management, it does not provide an economical benefit to the permittees, nor does it close the South Cottonwood Allotment. Alternative 1, put simply, does not allow grazing in the immediate future but leaves the opportunity open for grazing in upcoming years. Disallowance of livestock grazing would result in slight changes from the existing condition on lands where grazing is occurring. Alternative 3 decreases the amount of forage available to the current permittees which decreases the economic benefits to livestock operations. This alternative also provides for a slower response time in the vegetation of the area. From my examination of the Environmental Assessment and the allotment records, I see that implementation of the grazing level and system prescribed in Alternative 2 will result in an improvement of the adverse effects currently being caused to the environment. Cattle• have been grazing on the allotments at higher stocking levels and for longer periods of time than what is being proposed. With lower stocking levels, use of an improved grazing system and construction/recor, ..ruction of range improvement structures, I believe Forest Plan standards and guidelines will be adhered to, and improvement of the vegetative resources will continue. I reviewed 55 issues or concerns regarding grazing in general and/or specific to the Hyalite Canyon Allotment area. They were brought to my attention through the scoping process and are listed in Chapter III and Appendix C of the Environmental Assessment. In response to the Environmental Assessment, 5 comments were raised regarding: (1} Analysis differences between Alternatives 2 and 3 with respect to fisheries and water quality in Lick Creek. (2) A biological determination for Alternative 3. (3) Genetic purity sampling of westslope cutthroat in Wildhorse Creek. (4) Environmental impact differences between Alternatives 1 and 2 (stated as A and B in the comment letter) in the Wild Horse Creek area. (5) Grazing effects on conifer encroachment. Responses to all of those comments and supplemental information are documented in Appendix D of the Environmental Assessment. All of the comments received and their associated responses or analyses were used in my determination to select Alternative 2. My review of the Environmental .-',Sse--ment ar.d supporting documents indicates to me that a thorough and reasonable analysis of cumulative effects within and outside of the allotment has been done, and no significant adverse environmental impacts are likely to occur due to this decision. Implementation of W,,^ I;+1 1Al—t I —Ii+n Q—ith 7 Alternative 2 complies with all applicable federal and state laws, and Gallatin Forest Plan direction (EA, pp. IV-18 through IV-21). In summary, I find that selection of Alternative 2 will result in a decision that allows for the social and economic benefit of grazing with no significant adverse environmental consequences. Alternative 1 would forego the social and economic benefits of grazing and would not be significantly superior to Alternative 2 in relation to environmental benefits. Alternative 3 would forego some of the social and economical benefits of grazing and does not provide for as quick of an improvement in the existing vegetation as Alternative 2. For these reasons, I preferred and selected Alternative 2. Public Involvement The Gallatin National Forest quarterly announcement (April - June. 1995) of proposed projects and recent decisions, which included the Hyalite Allotment, was sent out to about 200 individuals and organizations. From this, 17 replies were received indicating interest in the project, and if any comments were provided, were largely general concerns about grazing. A scoping letter was sent out to numerous individuals, agencies and organizations in April 1995. Comments were received and responded to individually. In the October - December 1996 quarterly, the West Hyalite and South Cottonwood Allotments also appeared as a combined analysis with the Hyalite Allotment. An initial scoping meeting was held with the permittees, and informal communication with the permittees or any other interested public has been ongoing. A scoping meeting was also held with members of the Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks, and Avith, the Crow Indian Tribe. A second scoping letter was sent out in January 1998 to several potentially interested publics to scope for any new issues or concerns not yet identified. As interested publics responded to the quarterly announcements over the past two years, expressed interest in the proposal or requested the final documentation of the environmental analysis, their names were added to the mailing list to receive the Environmental Assessment and subsequent decision. One response letter was received during the comment period on the Environmental Assessment. The letter included five comments on the Environmental Assessment and are addressed in Appendix D of the Environmental Assessment. Appendix D documents clarification or wording, correction of noted errors, or further analysis and subsequent results required to address a comment. The issues brought up in scoping of this project are documented in the Environmental Assessment (EA, pp. 111-3 through 111-4 and Appendix C) and in the project record. Finding of No Significant Impact (40 CFR 1508.27(b)) I have determined through review of the Environmental Assessment that this is not a major federal action that would significantly affect the quality of the human environment, therefore, an Environmental Impact Statement is not needed. This determination is based on documentation of context and intensity of the project (EA, Chapter IV and Appendix D). In assessing the intensity, I considered the following factors- (1) Impacts that may be beneficial and adverse. Permitting livestock grazing on the Hyalite Canyon Allotment will maintain the social and economical benefits and allow forage production to be utilized by cattle. By grazing after July 5, potential conflicts between Fourth of July recreationists and livestock during the holiday will be avoided in the future. The three-pasture rest rotation grazing system will allow for increased plant vigor by allowing the vegetation to Hyalite, West Hyalite, South Cottonwood Decision Notice/FONSI - 8 establish more extensive root, stem and leaf systems each year while at the same time reducing potential soil compaction. The grazing system will also allow for better livestock distribution and utilization levels. (2) The degree to which the proposed action affects public health or safety. Grazing of cattle has occurred in this area since the late 1930s. Records dating back to 1939 show that the allotments were initially allocated to cattle and that permitted numbers were higher and the grazing season was longer. The number of permittees allowed to utilized the area has decreased over time. The West Hyalite Allotment was opened in 1973 as an apparent result of the creation of transitory range from timber harvesting. During this time, there have been no documented accounts of any injury or illness to the public due to this use. For this reason I conclude that permitting cattle grazing on the Hyalite Canyon Allotment under the conditions stated in the decision will not likely have any significant impact to public health or safety. (3) Unique characteristics of the geographic area. Chapter IV of the Environmental Assessment describes the setting of the allotment as it relates to a natural mineral lick. Yellowstone National Park, wilderness and roadless areas, wetlands, wild and scenic rivers, farmland and cultural resources. From the analysis done, I conclude no unique characteristics of the geographic area are likely to be significantly affected by this decision. (4) The degree to which the effects of the decision on the quality of the human environment are likely to be controversial. Documentation of the references used and the literature cited during the analysis of this proposal are noted in Chapter V of the Environmental Assessment as well as additional references used in response to comments regarding the Environmental Assessment (Appendix D). Comments received from interested individuals, organizations or agencies contained no additional references that refute any of the information disclosed during the analysis. For these reasons, I conclude that there is not likely to be significant controversy over the degree to which this decision affects the quality of the human environment. (5) The degree to which the possible effects on the human environment are highly uncertain or involve unique or unknown risks. . Grazing has occurred on the allotments since the early 1930s. Effects of past grazing on the allotments have been monitored. Review of the records regarding past grazing, under different regimes and at levels and intensities much higher than what will be permitted under this decision, leads me to conclude that the effects of my decision are likely to be predictable and consistent with the conclusions docume��ted in the Environmental Assessment. For these reasons, I conclude that this decision will not present highly uncertain, unique or unknown risks to the human environment. (6) The degree to which the action may establish a precedent for future actions with significant effects or represents a decision in principle about a future consideration. My decision allows for livestock grazing on the Hyalite Canyon Allotment under the conditions specified for ten years and closure of the South Cottonwood Allotment. The conditions of the permit allow for modification of grazing to accommodate specific conditions on the Hyalite Canyon Allotment on a year-to- year basis. Monitoring of range conditions is a routine part of permit administration. Allowance of grazing on the Hyalite Canyon Allotment beyond the terms of the permit will depend on site-specific conditions W,inlitn Woct I J ioliho Cn rth r`ntt^n—nni nnc ;cinn - a then and will be analyzed at that time. Beyond the decision to graze on the Hyalite Canyon Allotment for the next ten years, and to close the South Cottonwood Allotment, I do not foresee that this decision establishes a precedent for any other future actions nor does it represent a decision in principle about a future consideration (EA, p. IV-10). An assessment of each grazing allotment on the Bozeman Ranger District will be completed within the next 11 years and will determine the use of or discontinued use of those allotments on an individual basis. (7) Whether the action is related to other actions with individually insignificant but cumulatively significant impacts. The reasonably foreseeable effects of this decision are detailed in the Chapter IV and Appendix D of the Environmental Assessment. Neither the effects of this decision itself nor cumulative or linked effects of past, present or reasonably foreseeable future actions are likely to lead to significant impacts on the environment. For these reasons, I conclude that this decision is not likely to lead to cumulatively significant impacts. (8) The degree to which the action may adversely affect districts, sites, highways, structures, or objects listed in or eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places or may cause loss or destruction of significant scientific, cultural or historic resources. Ground disturbing activities proposed by this decision include possible construction, reconstruction and removal of range structures. The action will continue grazing in an area with an extensive history of grazing and, as discussed in the Environmental Assessment, will not have an adverse effect on any cultural, historic. or prehistoric resources (EA, pp. II-11, II-12, IV-9, IV-15, IV-16). For these reasons, I conclude that this decision will not have an adverse effect on any of these features or resources. (9) The degree to which the acrion may adversely affect an endangered or threatened species or its habitat that has been determined to be critical under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. Chapters 11, 111, and IV of the EA and Appendix 8, C, and D. show that this action will not.affect endangered or threatened species. For this reason, I conclude that my decision will not have an adverse effect on any endangered or threatened species. (10) Whether the action threatens a violation of federal, state or local law or requirements imposed for the protection of the environment. The applicable laws, regulations and Forest Plan direction related to this action are discussed in the Environmental Assessment (pp. IV-18 through IV-21). I find that this action is fully in compliance with applicable laws and regulations. Further, the action is consistent with Gallatin Forest Plan direction for grazing in this area. Applicable Laws and Regulations Implementation of Alternative 2 complies with all applicable Federal Laws, State Law and Gallatin Forest Plan direction (EA, pp. IV-18 through IV-21). Review of Federal Laws included: (1) The Endangered Species Act; (2) National Forest Management Act; (3) National Environmental Policy Act; (4) 1995 Recision Act; (5) National Historic Preservation Act; (6) American Indian Religious Freedom Act; and (7) Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act. Review of State Law included the Montana Hyalite, West Hyalite, South Cottonwood Decision Notice/FONSI - 10 State Water Quality Standards. Review of the Gallatin National Forest Plan direction included: (1) Management Goals; (2) Objectives; and (3) Management Areas. Implementation Implementation of grazing on the Hyalite Canyon Allotment and closure of the South Cottonwood Allotment under the conditions of this decision will begin in April of 1999 unless this decision is challenged and restrained. If that is the circumstance, grazing will continue in the manner currently permitted until such time that the new decision can be implemented. Otherwise, this decision serves as the basis for issuing two 10-year Forest Service Term Grazing Permits. Actual grazing will be in accordance with this decision and will be subject to the terms and conditions of the permit. Administrative Review This decision is subject to administrative review pursuant to Forest Service regulations in CFR 215.7. Any written appeal must be postmarked or received by the Appeal Deciding Officer, USDA Forest Service, Northern Region, P.O. Box 7669, Missoula, Montana 59807 within 45 days from the date of publication of notice in the legal section of the Bozeman Daily Chronicle. Appea€s must meet the content requirements of 36 CFR 215.14. Contact Person For further information regarding this decision please contact Pattie Soucek at the Bozeman Ranger District: 3710 Fallon Suite C; Bozeman, Montana 59718. DAVID P. GARBER Date Forest Supervisor Hyalite, West Hyalite, South Cottonwood Decision Notice/FONS€ - 11 USDA—Forest Scn•ice PAGE OF TER,,M PRIVATE LAND GRAZING PERMIT— PARTS 1 AND 2 (Reference FSM J 30) PEcLMITTEE NUMBER PERMIT NUMBER PART 1 of 6Vame of Permaree) (Post dJce address including Zip Code) hereinafter called the permittee,is hereby authorized co;.raze livestock upon lands administered by the Forest Service within the National National (X appropriate box) � Forest � Grassland under the following terms and conditions: 1. Description of range.The livestock shall be grazed upon the area described as follows:described on attached page andlor delineated on the attached map dated which is part of this permit(rrrike out item or items nor applicable), 2. The number,kind,and class of livestock,,period of use,and grazing allotment on which the livestock.are permitted to gaze are as foilows: LIVESTOCK PERIOD OF USE NUMBER KIND CLASS FROM TO GRAZING ALLOTMENT 3. This permit is based on the waiver to the United Sntes of all livestock grazing use of the private land offered and verified in the permittee's application for the bears ,scarrin? , 19 , It is fully undcrsrood and agree f chat ch�s permit may be suspcnded or<artcdled anv time during rhis period, after wriccen notice. for failure co comply with any of the terms and condirions specified in Pans 1, :, and 3 hereof, or any of the regulations of chc`_ceretary of Agriculture on which this permit is based, or the instrucrions of Forest ofticen issued thereunder:or for knowingly and wailfully making a false statement of representation in the permitme's graz- ing application. and amendments thereto: or for conviction for failure to comply with Fcdcral laws or regulations or State and local laws relating to livestock control and to protection of air, warer. roil and vegetarian, fish and wildlife. and ocher environmerttai values when exercising the grazing use authorized by the permit. This oermir can also be cancelled, in whole or impart'. at any time durng the term to conform with needed changes brought about by law. tcguhtion, Executive order, allocmenr-nanagcmcnr plans, land mznagemcnt planning, numbers permitted at scuons of use ncccssary because of resaurec conditions, or the?ands described otherwise being unavailable for grazing, The Permit will be cancelled if the permittee loses control of the land offered as base. Any suspension or cancellation action may be appealed pursuant to :G CFR 2l?.i3. 1_ This permit supersedes permit issued to I HAVE REVIEWED AND ,ACCEPT THE TERMS OF THIS PERMIT SIGNATURE OF PER.�IITTEE OP HIS .AUTHORIZED .AGENT DATE SIGNATURE OF FOREST OFFICER NAME (Print) TITLE DATE Previous edition :s obsolete. (OVER) FS-2200-1 1 (3185) PART 2 - GENERAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS I. Term of Permit (h) The permictce will pay the costs of, perform. or otherwise provide for the proportsonace shire of c000emcive improvements and management (a) The United States shall have exclusive and continuous possession of practices on the permitted area when determined by the Forest officer in the waived lands for livestock grazing during the entire term. charge chic such improvements and pracuces ire essential co proper pro- cection and management of the resources administered by the Forest lb) This permit is effective until Service. unless cancelled. or otherwise (erminaccd As provided herein. It provides is holder co a (i) This permit is issued and accepted with the provision chic the permic- prionty for its renewal ac the expiration of this term permit period subject cec will maintain all range unprovemcncs, whether private-or Governmcnc- to modifications deemed necessary by the Forest Se.^rice. owned, chic are assigned to him for maintenance eo standards of repair. ordcrlinm, and safety acceptable rp the Forest Service. Improvements co L Range and LiTescock Management be maintained and acceptable standards for maintenance are specified in Pare 3 of(his permit. The Government may maintain or otherwise im- (a) The allotment management plan for the land described on page 1. prove said improvements when. in its opinion. such action will be ro its put 1. is a part of this permit, and the permircee will cam out its Pf0vI- advantage. sions, other instructions.or both as issued by the Forest otficcr in charge for the uea under permit and will requite employees. agents, and conerac. ;- Protection.The permcccec. or the permirtea' agents and employees. when cow and subcontractors to do likewise, acting within the scope of their employment, and contractors and subcon- cnccocs will pro(ecr the land and property of the United States and ocher (b) The number, kind. and class of livestock. period of use, end grazing land under jurisdiction of the Forest Service covered by and used in con- allo(menc specified n the permit may be modified when determined by junction with this permit. Protection will include taking all reasonable the Forest officer in charge co be needed for resource protection. Except in precautions to prevent, make diligent efforts co suppress,and report Prompt- ion,emergencies where resource condition<-- are being seriously affected Iv all fires on or endangering such land and property. The permucce by livestock use or ocher factors. such as fire, drought, or Insect damage, will pay the United States for any damage co its land or property, in- notice of a scheduled reduction of numbers of livestock or Pen eluding range improvements. resulting from negligence or from violation of use under a term permit will be given one I l) full year before a of:he provisions and requirements of(his permit or any law or regulanon modification in permitted numbers or period of use becomes effective. applicable to the National Forest 5vsrem. Thu does not apply to annual adiuscment in grazing as provided for in 4• General Section 2(c). e may At any time uire the ctce to (c) When, in chc jugdmenc of chc Forest officer in charge, the forage is give The elFand su fcieneocest officer nbo dgto insure pavmc c fo Qall damage oncosts ro not ready co be grazed ac the beginning of the designated grazing season. prevent or miagace damages sustained by the United Sates through the the pc rniacc upon request of the.Forest officer, will defer placing livestock on chc grazing allotment co avoid damage co the resources. The permlttee's failure co comply with the provisions and requirements basements of this permiccee will remove livnrock from Forenc Service-adrnin(srered lands perms or(he regulations of chc Secrerary on which it is based. before the expiration of the designated grazing season upon requac of the b) This permit will be cancelled, in whole or in part, whenever the area Forest officer when it is apparent further grazing would damage the described in this permit is withdrawn from the National Foresc System by resources. !and exchange• moditia(ion of boundaries,or otherwise, or whenever the (d) The permittee will allow only the numbers. kind, and class of area described in (his permit is to be devoted ro a public purpose chat livestock on the allotment as described in Pan 1 hereof during the period precludes grazing. specified or as modified under provisions in Sation :(c). if livestock own- ed by rise permiaee ate found co be grazing on the allotment in•grmccr (c) The permictcc will immcdiarcly notify chc Forest officer in charge of numbers. or AC times or places ocher than permitted in Pan i hereof, or as any change chat will affect qualifications listed on the application for this modified. the oermitcee shall be billed for excess use of the unauthorized permit. use race and may face suspension or canceilation of this permit. (d) The permanent improvements constructed or existing for use in con- e) The pecmicsee will nor allow livestock co be upon any area of Forest junction with this permit are the property of the United Maces Govern• Servic he pc mictced lands not described in Pact 1 hereof. merit unless speeitically designated otherwise or covered by a cooperative agreement. They will not be removed nor compensated for upon cermina- (� The Forest officer in charge may. ac any:ime, place or fasten or re- cion or cancellation of this permit, except in the National Forests in the 16 quire the orestpermi officer i er place or fasten upon livestock covered by this per- contiguous 10cstern Scares when cancelled. in whole or n part, to devote he evenc at Mir appropriate marks or tags chic will identify (hem as livestock perm- Such Cancellation nd n No another ational Forests snc purpose it hieg6 contiguous disposal. In cVicscern Scams, misted (p graze on lands administered by the Forest Any Service. When re- quaad by chc Forest ort'scer, the pcmntrtce will, a any time during the the permmtetee will be compensated for the adjusted value of approved permitted period of use. including entry and removal data, gather per- range improvements installed or placed by him. micced livestock to enable ati accura(e count co be made thereof. The Forest Service may, ac its option, gather and'hold for counting all livestock (c) The or npart permitter may not transfer. z<ngn. Icase, or sublet this permit in grazing on chc ailouncnt. (g) Only livestock marked. :aggcd.or branded as shown in the apPlica• (F This permit includes chc terms and cosh foil s of?art 3 hector" con- siscin of page 3 throu h , which follow, iron upon which this permit is based, and as may be rcouired under Scc• g P g g Lion '_ill. will be allowed to gnze under this permit unless the permiacc has advance written approval from the Forest officer in chagc to do otherwise. FS-2200.11 0/851 GPO 887•629 �� ------ - - - - --- --�f �. APPENDIX H TIMBER HARVEST CONTRACT Western Groundwater Services CT5.12#- USE OF ROADS BY PURCHASER. (6/99){xe "CT5.12#-USE OF ROADS BY PURCHASER. (6/99)") Purchaser's use of existing roads identified on Sale Area Map by the following codes is prohibited or subject to restrictive limitations, unless agreed otherwise: Code Use Limitations X Hauling prohibited R Hauling restricted U Unsuitable for hauling prior to completion of agreed reconstruction P Use prohibited A Public use restriction W Regulation waiver Roads coded A will be signed by the Forest Service to inform the public of use restrictions. Purchaser's use of roads coded R, A, or W shall be in accordance with the following restrictions: Restricted Road List Road Termini Map Description of Number Road Name From To Legend Restrictions WO-CT5.12#-INSTRUCTIONS. Include when limitation of road use is necessary for the reasons described in BT5.12. Nate reference to Sale Area Map. REVISED, REPLACES WO-CT5.12#- USE OF ROADS BYPURCHASER, dated 12176. CT5.4#-ROAD MAINTENANCE. (6/90)(xe "CT5.4# -ROAD MAINTENANCE. (6/90)") Road maintenance is the performance of work activities needed for the preservation of the road facility including surface, shoulders,miscellaneous structures, drainage, sight distance and all such traffic control devices required to insure safe and efficient use by established road users and to adequately protect the adjacent resources. Purchaser's commensurate maintenance responsibility shall cover the before, during and after operation period during any year when operations and road use are performed under the terms of the timber sale contract. Purchaser shall perform road maintenance work,both traffic generated and non-traffic generated commensurate with Purchaser's use or as a result of the natural weathering and growing processes during the contract period. Purchaser is responsible for maintenance on roads controlled by Forest Service and used by Purchaser in connection with this sale as listed below except for those roads and/or maintenance activities which are identified for required deposits in CT5.411#, CT5.412#, CT5.414#, and CT5.45#. All roads should be included below. Traffic generated maintenance consists of work made necessary as a direct result of or to minimize the effect of use and wear by traffic during use periods. Non-traffic generated maintenance consists of work made necessary as a direct result of weathering processes or uncontrollable offsite influences that are not attributable to traffic use. All maintenance work shall be done as necessary and timely to protect the resources and provide a safe transportation system. Work shall be in accordance with specifications set forth herein or attached hereto except for agreed adjustments. Specifications applicable to roads used by Purchaser are listed below and coded as follows: P= Purchaser responsibility F= Forest Service responsibility S = Joint Ownership/Cost Share road,maintainer determined annually. See CT5.45# Maintenance Specification No. FDR or Seg. No TXXXXX TXXXXX TXXXXX XXXXX" RI-CT5.4#-INSTRUCTIONS. Required in all contracts which authorize construction or reconstruction of specified roads or authorize the use of existing Forest Development Roads. CT5.4#does not apply to temporary roads as they shall be cared for during and after use as directed in ST6.62. Applicable specification numbers will be entered across the top, and road numbers will be listed down the left The applicability of particular specifications to particular roads will be shown using the responsible party code (L e., P=Purchaser, F=Forest Service, etc.). Insert applicable uniform maintenance specifications in the contract For use with 10173 contract revision. REVISED. REPLACES CT5.4#-ROAD MAINTENANCE, dated 11180. SPECIFICATION T-101 SURFACE BLADING DESCRIPTION 1.1 Surface blading is keeping the native or aggregate surfaced road in a condition to facilitate traffic, minimize additional future maintenance,reduce erosion, and provide proper drainage. It includes maintaining the crown, inslope or outslope of the traveled way and shoulders, drainage dips, leadoff ditches, berms, turnouts, removal of minor slides and slumps, and other irregularities that prevent normal runoff from the road surface. REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Surface blading shall be performed as often as necessary and to the standards required to facilitate traffic and proper drainage. 3.2 The blading shall be performed in such a manner as to preserve the existing cross section and to conserve surface materials. On gravel surfaced roads, the base must not be disturbed and no surface material may be bladed into the ditch or over the road shoulders. Blading of native surface roads shall be performed so no base material under four(4) inches in the greatest dimension is lost. All ruts,holes, etc., shall be removed by scarifying and/or cutting to the bottom of any surface irregularities. Oversize material brought to the surface in the scarification process shall be removed from the roadway. Surface material which has been displaced to the shoulders, turnouts, outside of curves, etc., shall be brought back so as to leave a uniform depth on the traveled way at completion of blading. Water shall be applied during blading if sufficient moisture is not present to prevent segregation. 3.3 Roadside cutslopes or berms shall not be undercut. 3.4 At intersections, the roadbeds of sideroads shall be graded for a reasonable distance to assure proper blending of the two riding surfaces. 3.5 Drainage dips and leadoff ditches shall be cleaned and continually maintained to conform reasonably to their original constructed lines, grade, and cross section. 3.6 Berms shall be repaired promptly by placing selected material as needed to restore the berm to its original condition. 3.7 Surface blading of native surface roads also includes ditch cleaning, which shall be done in accordance with T-301, Ditch Cleaning. 3.8 All blading operations shall be properly signed in accordance with C(T)6.33##and all applicable State Laws. SPECIFICATION T-103 DUST ABATEMENT DESCRIPTION 1.1 Dust abatement consists of road surface preparation and application of materials. MATERIALS 2.1 Water, bituminous products, lignin sulfonates, chloride products, and other materials may be used for dust abatement. Materials other than water will require approval of the Forest Service and shall meet specifications furnished by the Forest Service. REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Dust abatement materials shall be applied to the road surface as necessary to control surface loss and provide that vehicles are always intervisible within their stopping sight distance. The average user speed on the road shall be used to determine stopping sight distance. Preparation shall be in accordance with Specification T-101, Surface Bading. 3.2 The rate of application shall be such that the selected material will not run off the surface and cause pollution or unnecessary waste. 3.3 When water is the selected material,it shall be applied as often as necessary to abate dust from all Purchaser operations. 3.4 Dust abatement shall be maintained as needed throughout the duration of operations. SPECIFICATION T-108 SLIDE REMOVAL AND SLUMP REPAIR DESCRIPTION 1.1 Slide removal and slump repair consists of all work necessary to restore the road to its original cross section as necessary to facilitate use and provide drainage. This work is such that it cannot be handled by a grader during surface blading and ditch cleaning operations. Slump repair is the filling with selected material of depressions or washouts in roadway which cannot be routinely filled by a motor grader. Slide removal and slump repair includes excavation, loading,hauling, placing, and compacting of replacement material and the removal and disposal of waste material. This includes the development of disposal or borrow areas at locations approved by the Forest Service. REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Purchaser shall deposit slide material in an approved manner at designated locations. Material shall not be disposed of on road fills unless otherwise agreed. The slope which contributed the slide material shall be reshaped as practicable to reduce future sliding unless otherwise agreed. 3.2 When filling slumps and depressions, select material shall be used,placed in layers, and compacted to conform with or exceed the density of existing subgrade. Existing aggregate surfacing shall be salvaged and relayed or replaced after slumps have been filled. Damaged aggregate base, aggregate surfacing, and asphalt surfacing shall be repaired under Specification T-113, Surfacing Repair. 3.3 Following slide removal, roadway shall be shaped so as to reasonably conform to its original subgrade template. Slump, waste, and borrow areas shall be seeded as required under T-508. SPECIFICATION T-113 SURFACING REPAIR DESCRIPTION 1.1 Surfacing repair is patching potholes or small areas of broken asphalt or imported aggregate surfaces and asphalt dikes. It includes preparing the area to be patched and furnishing and placing all necessary materials, including base, and other work necessary to patch the surfacing, including paved shoulders. Sections requiring repair work shall be limited in area not to exceed XXXXX square feet for paved surfaces or XXXXX square feet for aggregate surfaces and not more than XXXXX areas per mile per year. INSTRUCTIONS: Use 20, 200, and 10 respectively for most cases. New roads and old roads can require different values. Consult with Engineering. MATERIAL 2.1 Materials used for repair of aggregate surfacing shall conform to these specifications: 2.2 Materials used for asphalt patching shall conform to or exceed the requirements of these specifications: INSTRUCTIONS: Include appropriate material specifications as per engineering recommendations. REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Aggregate Surfacing Repair. Aggregate material shall be placed in accordance with the applicable specification used in paragraph 2.1 above. Work under this specification shall be performed in a timely manner to reduce firrther deterioration of the surface. 3.2 Asphalt Surfacing Repair. A. Potholes (deep patch). Remove the surface course and base course as deep as necessary to reach firm support; extend horizontally at least six(6)inches into good asphalt surfacing surrounding the cracked area. Make the cut square or rectangular with faces straight, and vertical. Prime the bottom and faces using MC70, MC250, MC800, or emulsified asphalt (penetration type). BackfilI the hole with asphalt mix and compact. Use 2-inch layers if the hole is more than four(4)inches deep. Compact each layer thoroughly with mechanical tampers or rollers. Compaction shall not be done with equipment wheels without prior approval. The patch when completed and compacted shall be flush with surrounding surface. B. Skin Patches. Minor depressions, light ravelling, or surface checking at scattered locations shall be treated by applying a skin patch. Carefully broom the surface of all loose material and apply a tack coat of MC70, MC250, or emulsified asphalt(penetration type) at the rate of 1/10-gallon per square yard. Place asphalt mix, distribute uniformly, and feather edges with asphalt rakes so the patch when compacted shall be flush with the adjoining surface. Roll thoroughly with a portable roller. 3.3 Asphalt Dikes. Asphalt material in the damaged length of dike shall be removed. Clean and repair asphalt foundation as necessary. Level exposed ends of existing dike. Prime all surfaces with bituminous material. Asphalt mix shall be placed and compacted to conform with the shape of the original dike. All asphalt material removed from potholes, patches, and dikes shall be disposed of in designated area. SPECIFICATION T-201 SHOULDER MAINTENANCE DESCRIPTION 1.1 Shoulder maintenance consists of keeping that portion of roadway adjacent to a paved and/or aggregate surface in a reasonably smooth condition and flush with the pavement and/or aggregate in order to provide lateral support to the surface. It may require blading, furnishing, and placing additional material, application of bituminous material, and any other work incidental to the maintenance of the shoulder. MATERIALS 2.1 Materials selected for shoulder maintenance shall be similar to the material used in the previous construction or maintenance. REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Shoulder Bladin . Replace material as necessary. Blade and shape the entire width of the shoulder to drain the paved or aggregate surface. The shoulder material shall be moistened if necessary to ensure reasonable compaction and graded flush with the pavement or aggregate edge. The entire shoulder shall be fully compacted. Asphalt Stabilized Shoulders. Where shoulder has been previously stabilized with bituminous treatment, reapplication of bituminous material shall be made when 50 percent of the shoulder surface material is no longer held in place by bitumen. Prior to treatment, it may be necessary to replace earth or aggregate material lost or moved since last application. SPECIFICATION T-301 DITCH CLEANING DESCRIPTION 1.1 Ditch cleaning is removing and disposing of all slough material from roadside ditches to provide an unobstructed waterway conforming reasonably to previous line, grade, and cross section. REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Slough Material. A. Native Surfaced Roads. Slough material from ditch cleaning,if suitable,may be placed and blended into the existing road surface or shoulders or placed in a designed berm during surface blading. B. Aggregate Surface Roads. Slough material from ditch cleaning shall not be mixed with aggregate surfacing or left on the road surface unless otherwise agreed. Material shall be disposed of in an agreed manner at designated locations. Asphalt Surfaced Roads. Equipment, methods, and timing shall be agreed to before start of ditch cleaning operations so as to protect the asphalt pavement. Material shall be disposed of in an agreed manner at designated locations. SPECIFICATION T-310 MINOR DRAINAGE STRUCTURES DESCRIPTION 1.1 Minor drainage structures are single passages with maximum waterway opening equivalent to a 78-inch round pipe(87-by 63-inch arch) or multiple passages with maximum, single waterway opening equivalent to a 60-inch round pipe(66-by 51-inch arch). They include overside drains. Maintenance is work performed on inlets, outlets,related channels, existing riprap, trash racks, and drop inlets. MATERIALS 2.1 All materials used in the maintenance of minor drainage structures shall conform by type and specification to the material in the structure being maintained. REQUIREMENTS ' 3.1 All minor drainage structures are to be maintained in accordance with these specifications in the spring following any significant runoff and prior to the beginning of winter storms. 3.2 Clear inlet and outlet channels, inlet trash racks, and drop inlets of loose material that could cause plugging or prevent the free flow of water. Debris shall be disposed of in agreed manner at designated locations. 3.3 If outlet riprap was originally placed to dissipate water energy, it shall be maintained in good condition including the replacement of riprap if necessary. Make whatever minor repairs are necessary to ensure the proper functioning of the head walls, aprons, inlet assemblies, overside drains,riprap, trash racks, and other facilities related to the drainage structure. SPECIFICATION T-506 CLEARING ROADWAY VEGETATION DESCRIPTION . 1.1 This work consists of cutting and disposing of all vegetative growth including trees from the road surface that reduces the operational capability of the road. Vegetation removal is required if the growth of the vegetation during the contract period causes unacceptable reduction of sight distance and operation capability. REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Vegetative matter on the road surface which reduces sight distance,impedes vehicular travel, or interferes with road maintenance operations such as surface blading and ditch and culvert cleaning shall be removed. Downed timber meeting utilization standards shall be cut in appropriate lengths and decked along the roadside in locations where the traveled way or sight distance will not be impaired. 3.2 Low shrubs and brush which do not restrict sight distance, do not impede road maintenance, and reduce erosion need not be removed if the road surface can be adequately maintained without doing so. Vegetation and nonmerchantable timber removed shall be disposed of by scattering, chipping,hauling to designated disposal areas, or as otherwise agreed upon. INSTRUCTIONS: Use this specification for roads included in CT5.415#where deposits are required for cutting roadside vegetation as a deferred maintenance item. This specification covers vegetation ON the roadway such as logging out windthrown trees and minor vegetation. SPECIFICATION T-507 CUTTING ROADSIDE VEGETATION DESCRIPTION 1.1 This work consists of cutting and disposing of all vegetative growth, including trees from within the roadway that reduce sight distance and operational capability of the road. Vegetation removal is required if the growth of the vegetation during the contract period causes unacceptable reduction of sight distance and operation capability. REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Vegetative matter within the roadway which reduces sight distance, impedes vehicular travel, or interferes with road maintenance operations such as surface blading and ditch and culvert cleaning shall be removed. Downed timber meeting utilization standards shall be cut in appropriate lengths and decked along the roadside in locations where the traveled way or sight distance will not be impaired. Low shrubs and brush which do not restrict sight distance, do not impede road maintenance, and reduce erosion shall not be removed. Vegetation removed shall be disposed of by scattering, chipping, hauling to designated disposal areas, or as otherwise agreed upon. SPECIFICATION T-508 SEEDING DESCRIPTION 1.1 Seeding is the application of seed and fertilizer to areas where vegetation has been disturbed as a result of slides, slumps, disposal of materials, and other Purchaser operations in connection with road maintenance. REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Purchaser shall provide and apply the required kinds and amounts of seed and fertilizer in accordance with the requirements in C(T)6.60I#. Surfaces of areas to be treated shall be in a loose and roughened condition favorable to the retention and germination of seed. SPECIFICATION T-61 S MAJOR DRAINAGE STRUCTURES DESCRIPTION 1.1 Major drainage structures are culverts,bridges, and other structures with a minimum waterway opening equivalent to an 84-inch round pipe (95-by 67-inch arch) or multiple passages where the smallest single waterway opening is 66 inches (73-by 55-inch arch). All low water structures are major drainage structures. Maintenance of these structures includes cleaning inlets, outlets, and related channels, trash racks, delineators, object markers, rails, timber or asphalt running surfaces,bridge inspections, and other work incidental to maintenance of the structure. INSTRUCTIONS: Bridge inspections can be accounted for and should be appraised for, but there are strict requirements of the inspector. Most cases will be collection for FS performance, see your Bridge Engineer. MATERIALS 2.1 All materials used in the maintenance of large drainage structures shall conform by type and specification to the material in the structure being maintained. REQUIREMENTS 3.1 All major drainage structures and related channels except stream channels shall be maintained as early as possible in the spring following any significant runoff and prior to the beginning of winter storms. 3.2 The items listed below shall be accomplished within the scope of bridge maintenance and where applicable to the maintenance of other large drainage structures. A. Ditch Cleaning, T-301, and Surface Blading, T-101, shall be performed to direct drainage away from the approaches to the structure. B. Trash racks shall be cleaned, and any logs or drift lodged against piers and abutments shall be removed without causing damage to the structure. Vegetative debris removed shall be treated as agreed. C. Debris shall be removed from the bridge deck, and deck drains shall be opened. Loose bolts and nuts shall be tightened. SPECIFICATION T-619 MISCELLANEOUS STRUCTURES DESCRIPTION 1.1 Maintenance of miscellaneous structures include the maintenance of retaining walls, guard rails, cattleguards, fences, gates, and any other similar structures that have been previously installed to-insure the safe and efficient operation of the road. MATERIALS 2.1 Any materials needed in the maintenance of miscellaneous structures shall be similar in type and quality to he material in the structure being maintained. REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Guard Rails. Anchors shall be tightened. 3.2 Cattleguards. Tie-in fences shall be sound and secured to the wings. Loose rails shall be welded or bolted back in place. Material deposited into the cattleguard well during operations shall be removed. Drainage into and out of cattleguards shall be maintained. 3.3 Fences. Wire fences shall be tightened if loose. Broken strands of wire or wood railings shall be replaced. Gates. Gates shall be properly signed, kept in good repair and made to swing easily. Hinges or latches shall be repaired if not operating properly. Hinges shall be oiled. SPECIFICATION T-710 TRAFFIC SERVICES DESCRIPTION 1.1 Traffic service maintenance includes the maintenance of traffic-related regulatory,warning, and directional signs as well as devices such as roadside delineators'or markers. It also includes restriping paved surfaces. MATERIALS 2.1 All sign faces shall be retroflective sheeting. Sign posts shall be treated. Materials for delineators and markers shall be similar to those in the devices being replaced unless in conflict with the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. Pavement striping shall be retroflective and meet the material requirements of specification 634 in "Forest Service Standard Specifications for Construction of Roads and Bridges." REQUIREMENTS 3.1 A minimum area six (6) feet in diameter around any traffic sign or device shall be kept free of weeds,brush, and limbs. Greater dimensions may be necessary depending on viewing direction. 3.2 Defaced signs shall be repaired using materials in accordance with the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, 3.3 All traffic control signs and devices that are replaced shall be installed in accordance with the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. All pavement striping shall conform to attached specifications. Pavement striping shall be required when the existing striping is not readily visible both by day and night. SPECIFICATION T-841 VEGETATION ESTABLISHMENT DESCRIPTION 1.1 This work consists of applying seed, fertilizer, mulch, and plantings, singularly or in specified combinations to roadways and disposal areas. Work area maybe limited to designated portions of the roadway and roadside or include treatment of the entire area bounded by the outer limits of the roadsides. MATERIALS AND APPLICATION RATES 2.1 Purchaser shall provide and apply the materials including seed, plantings,mulch, and fertilizer listed in the specifications attached. 2.2 Seed shall be provided in accordance with the requirements in C(T)6.601#. Mulch shall be certified to be free of noxious weed seeds on the current "All States Noxious Weeds List". INSTRUCTIONS: This work is very site specific. Be certain to attach all specifications of the work desired. MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Schedule A. The designated treatment shall be scheduled to commence upon completion of other work under this contract. B. The treatment shall not be applied when the ground is frozen or excessively dry. Application shall be terminated during periods when there is too much wind to allow consistent treatment rates and control of the treatment area to the designated limits. 3.2 Surface Treatment A. When shown in the specifications,portions of the roadbed not previously disturbed and left loose shall be scarified to a minimum depth of four (4) inches unless bedrock is encountered at a lesser depth. B. Required mulch materials shall be applied in accordance with the specifications attached. C. Required plantings shall be in accordance with the specifications attached and as located on the Sale Area Map. INSTRUCTIONS: Be sure to include the areas to be planted on the sale area map. If a variety of plantings are used, code each for clear reference. CT5.441# - DUST ABATEMENT TREATMENT. (6/90){xe "CT5.441#-DUST ABATEMENT TREATMENT. (6/90)"1 When conditions are such that dusting would result in hazardous driving conditions or there would be an appreciable loss of road surface binder material, Purchaser shall control such dusting by application of a dust abatement treatment to the surface of roadways and other traveled areas according to referenced or attached specifications or other specifications agreed to in writing. This treatment will provide a surface which can be bladed and retreated when necessary. It is not intended to produce a permanent waterproof wearing surface or dust control for more than one year even though some residual value may be retained. It is intended to be compatible with the physical characteristics of the road surface, such as parent material, percent fines,relative humidity, or possibly some residual dust abatement material. Dust abatement treatment shall apply only to the roads listed below. The provisions of Specification T-103 of CT5.4# shall apply to all other roads when required under CT5.4#. T-103 of CT5.4#may be used in lieu of CT5.441#to perform dust abatement during hauling of timber cut within the clearing limits of roads constructed under this timber sale unless otherwise agreed. Dust Specifications Road Road Abatement References or No. Name Termini Treatment Attached XXXXX RI-CT5.441#-INSTRUCTIONS. To be used in contracts where it is determined that dust abatement is needed. When used, the type of dust abatement material will be specified and the needed specifications will be either referenced or enclosed CT5.4#will also be included in the contract to cover other maintenance requirements. For use with 10173 contract revision. REUSED. REPLACES CT5.441#-DUST ABATEMENT TREATMENT, dated 11180. CT5.46# - SNOW REMOVAL. (6/90){xe "CT5.46#- SNOW REMOVAL. (6/90)") Snow removal shall be done in a manner to preserve and protect the roads to insure safe and efficient transportation and to prevent unacceptable erosion damage to roads, streams, and adjacent lands. A. Description. Snow removal work by Purchaser shall include: l. Removal of snow from entire road surface width including turnouts. 2. Removal of snow slides,minor earth slides, fallen timber and boulders that obstruct normal road surface width including turnouts. 3. Maintain drainage so that the drainage system will function efficiently. B. Performance. All items of snow removal shall be done currently as necessary to insure safe, efficient transportation. Work shall be.done in accordance with the following minimum standards of performance. 1. Removal of material. All debris, except snow and ice,that is removed from the road surface and ditches shall be deposited away from stream channels at agreed locations. 2. During snow removal operations,banks shall not be undercut nor shall gravel or other selected surfacing material be bladed off the roadway surface. 3. Ditches and culverts shall be kept functional during and following roadway use. 4. Snow berms shall not be left on the road surface. Berms left on the shoulder of road shall be removed and/or drainage holes shall be opened and maintained. Drainage holes shall be spaced as required to obtain satisfactory surface drainage without discharge on erodible fills. 5. Dozers and skidders shall not be used to plow snow on system roads without written approval of Forest Service. Upon approval, dozers and skidders must be equipped with shoes or runners to keep the plow blade a minimum of XXXXX inches above the road surface unless specifically removed from the requirements in writing. 6. Snow must not be removed to the road surface. A minimum XXXXX inch depth must be left to protect the roadway. 7. Purchaser's damage from, or as a result of, snow removal shall be restored in a timely manner. RI-CT5.46#-INSTRUCTIONS: To be used in all contracts An appraisal estimate for snowplowing is not appropriate unless the normal operating season established for the sale includes apart of the year which would normally require plowing to keep roads open. Fill in required depth of snow to remain on roads, depending on road surface. REVISED. REPLACES CT5.46-SNOWREMOVAL, dated 10182. CT6.316# - LIMITED OPERATING PERIOD. (3/89){xe "CT6.316#-LIMITED OPERATING PERIOD. (3/89)") Except when agreed otherwise in writing, Purchaser's operations shall be limited as follows: XXXXX RI-CT6.316#-INSTRUCTIONS. Use if cut-off dates or other limitations on Purchaser's operations are needed to coordinate with area closures,seasonal recreation use, construction, wildlife breeding or nesting seasons, etc. NEWPROVISION. REPLACES CT6.36#- CONTROL OFLOGGING, ROAD USE OR ROAD CONSTRUCTION, dated 1176. CT6.34- SANITATION AND SERVICING. (9/91)(xe "CT6.34 - SANITATION AND SERVICING. (9/91)"1 Purchaser shall take all reasonable precautions to prevent pollution of air and water by Purchaser's operations. If facilities for employees are established on National Forest System Lands, they shall be operated in a sanitary manner. Unless otherwise agreed in writing, refuse resulting from employee facilities or from Purchaser's use, servicing, or repair of equipment shall be removed from National Forest System Lands. Purchaser shall not service tractors, trucks, or other equipment on National Forest System Lands where pollution to lakes, streams, estuaries, or subsurface water sources is likely to occur. Solvents, oil, and oil products shall not be buried or disposed of on National Forest System Lands. Purchaser shall comply with all applicable provisions of laws regarding spill,release,handling, and disposal of hazardous substances and wastes. R.1-CT6.34-INSTRUCTIONS. Include in all new contracts Makes BT6.34 inapplicable. REVISED. REPLACES CT6.34-SA NITA TION A ND SERVICING WITHIN MUNICIPAL WA TERSHED, dated 1176. CT6.341 -PREVENTION OF OIL SPILLS. (6/81){xe "CT6.341 -PREVENTION OF OIL SPILLS. (6/81)") If Purchaser maintains storage facilities for oil or oil products on Sale Area, Purchaser shall take appropriate preventive measures to insure that any spill of such oil or oil products does not enter any stream or other waters of the United States or any of the individual States. If the total oil or oil products storage exceeds 1,320 gallons or if any single container exceeds a capacity of 660 gallons, Purchaser shall prepare a Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures (SPCC) Plan. Such plan shall meet applicable EPA requirements (40 CFR 112) including certification by a registered professional engineer. WO-CT6.341 -INSTRUCTIONS: Include in all new contracts, and include in existing contracts at time of extension. For use with 10173 contract revision. CT6.342 -PREVENTION OF OIL SPILLS AND PETROLEUM CONTAMINATION. (7/93){xe "CT6.342 -PREVENTION OF OIL SPILLS AND PETROLEUM CONTAMINATION. (7/93)"1 Purchaser shall not dump or dispose of any oil, oil products or petroleum containers on National Forest Lands. Appropriate preventive measures shall be taken to insure that any such spill of oil or oil products does not enter any stream or other waters of the United States. Purchaser shall prepare a Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasures(SPCC)Plan for all sales. Such a plan shall meet applicable EPA requirements (40 CFR 112) as a minimum and shall include all mitigation requirements concerning fuel storage, transfer and spill containment stated in the Biological Analysis or Evaluation for this sale. The plan must be certified by a registered professional engineer. A general plan, signed by a professional engineer, may be provided to cover all of Purchaser's operations, PROVIDED that a specific plan will be provided for each operation. The specific plan may be signed by the Purchaser's representative. R1-CT6.342-INSTRUCTIONS: For optional use on Idaho Forests, replaces CT6.341 if used. NEW PROVISION(7193). CT6.50# - STREAMSIDE MANAGEMENT ZONES. (12/90){xe "CT6.50# - STREAMSIDE MANAGEMENT ZONES. (12/90)") A Streamside Management Zone(SMZ)is a zone that contains riparian vegetation and other special characteristics. Areas identified as Streamside Management Zones (SMZ's) are shown on the Sale Area Map and designated XXXXX 1/. Timber designation, conduct of logging, and/or slash treatment may differ in the SMZ from the rest of the unit. Unless otherwise agreed to in writing and notwithstanding the contract requirements otherwise applicable to each cutting unit, the following special requirements apply to the SMZ of the cutting units specified below: Streamside Management Cutting Unit Zone Requirements XxxXX RI-CT6.50#-INSTRUCTIONS. Under "Cutting Unit,"list either unit numbers, "all units," etc., as applicable. Il Specify how SMZ boundaries are identified on the ground, i.e., tags,paint(color and/or configuration). In rare instances, the SMZ may not be marked on ground but described in above statement by distance designation. REVISED INSTRUCTIONS. REPLACES CT6.50#-STREAMSIDE MANAGEMENT ZONES, dated I2/89. CT6.51#-FELLING OF TIMBER ALONG STREAMCOURSES. (10/82){xe "CT6.51#- FELLING OF TIMBER ALONG STREAMCOURSES. (10/82)") Trees designated for felling along Streamcourses shown on Sale Area Map shall be felled, insofar as topography and lean permit, so that tops land at least XXXXX feet from Streamcourse. Use of felling wedges to control direction of fall shall be required. RI-CT6.51#-INSTRUCTIONS. Use as needed in contracts where cutting is done near streamcourse; CT6.53 -TOXIC MATERIAL, OIL SPILLS. (4/77){xe "CT6.53 -TOXIC MATERIAL,_OIL SPILLS. (4/77)") The following specific requirements apply to the transporting of oil to be used in conjunction with this contract: A. Forest Service shall be notified 24 hours in advance of oil delivery dates. B. All delivery points and time that delivery is to be made will be mutually agreed to by Forest Service and Purchaser prior to transporting oil to the site. RI-CT6.53 -INSTRUCTIONS. To be used in all new contracts requiring use of oil and similar toxic materials. Also include in existing contracts at time of scheduled rate redetermination upon mutual agreement or at contract extension. If deemed necessary to restrict hauling of oil to daylight hours, insert the following as requirement C. "Hauling is to be only during daylight hours." For use with 1172 and I4/73 contract revisions CT6.6#- EROSION PREVENTION AND CONTROL. (1/76){xe "CT6.6#-EROSION PREVENTION AND CONTROL. (1/76)111 A. Purchaser shall locate Temporary Roads according to operating schedule, BT6.31. Such location shall include the marking of road centerline or grade-line and the setting of such construction stakes as are necessary to provide a suitable basis for economical construction and the protection of National Forest lands. Maximum sustained grades for Temporary Roads shall be XXXXX percent. B. Skidding with tractors within XXXXX feet of live streams shall not be permitted except in places designated in advance by Forest Service, and in no event shall skid roads be located in live or intermittent streamcourses. Skid trails shall be located high enough out of draws, swales, and valley bottoms to permit diversion of runoff water to natural undisturbed forest ground cover. C. During periods of accelerated water runoff, especially during the spring runoff and periods of heavy rainfall, Purchaser shall inspect and open culverts and drainage structures, construct special cross ditches for road runoff, and take other reasonable measures needed to prevent soil erosion and siltation of streams. D. Tractor skid trails in excess of XXXXX percent shall be permitted only upon written agreement. E. Temporary Road surface width shall be limited to truck bunk width plus four(4) feet, except for needed turnouts which shall not exceed two (2)times the bunk width plus four(4) feet. If shovels or cranes with revolving carriage are used to skid or load, Temporary Road surface width equal to track width plus tail swing shall be permitted. F. Unless otherwise agreed in writing, Purchaser shall keep erosion control work current with his operations under the sale and in any case not later than 15 days after completion of skidding on each payment unit or cutting unit. RI-CT6.6#-INSTRUCTIONS. To be used in all contracts. CT6.6#does not cover seeding and fertilizing. The prevention and control of soil erosion is one of the most important jabs to be done on a timber sale area. Soil erosion control requirements including maximum sustained grade will vary with soil types and methods of logging. Considerable care must be taken in presale planning and in contract wording to provide for effective soil erosion prevention and control measures For use with 1172 and 10173 contract revisions CT6.601# - EROSION CONTROL SEEDING. (4/96){xe "CT6.601# - EROSION CONTROL SEEDING. (4/96)"1 Following completion of skidding and yarding operations in an area, Purchaser shall seed and fertilize all exposed areas of raw soil on skid trails, landings, firebreaks, slides, slumps,Temporary Roads and traveled ways of Specified Roads(List road numbers applicable to a closure specified under CT5.51# This list may include roads used by Purchaser that have been effectively closed by a device located on another road) #XXXXX, #XXXXX following closure specified in CT5.51#. Soil on areas to be seeded shall be left in a roughened condition favorable to the retention and germination of the seed. Scarification of traveled ways on Specified Roads listed above shall be to a minimum depth of XXXXX inches and a maximum depth of XXXXX inches. (State the desired depth for scarification based on soils and future use of roadbed Maximum depth should not exceed 14 inches.) Seed and fertilizer shall be spread evenly at the rate of XXXXX pounds of seed and XXXXY pounds of fertilizer per acre.When fertilizer and seed are applied in separate operations, the second operation shall be carried out within 72 hours of the first. Application shall be during the period XXXXX to XXXXX and under the above specified conditions unless otherwise approved. The kinds and amounts of seed to be sown in terms of pure live seed (PLS) shall be: Species of Seed PLS Pounds Per Acre XXXXX XXXXX Certified, blue-tagged seed shall be used where a name variety or cultivar is specified. Blue tags which are removed to mix the seed shall be provided to the Forest. All seed purchased will be certified to be free of the noxious weed seeds from weeds listed on the current "All States Noxious Weeds List." Test results from a certified seed analyst and seed analysis labels attached to the bags will be provided to the Forest Service. Lab testing for noxious weeds will be conducted prior to seed mixing. Only after a finding and documentation in writing of no weeds on the current "All States Noxious Weeds List" will the seed be accepted and used. +The following kinds and amounts of standard commercial fertilizer shall be used with guaranteed analysis of contents clearly marked on containers: Type of Fertilizer Pounds Per Acre XXXXX+ Note Strike out wording between+ symbols if fertilizer is not required. RI-CT6.60I#-INSTRUCTIONS. To be used in all contracts which require application of seed and/or fertilizer to disturbed areas as an erosion prevention measure. Include optional sentence if scarification is to be required. REVISED. REPLACES CT6.601#-EROSION CONTROL SEEDING, dated 6190. CT6.602#- EROSION PREVENTION AND CONTROL. (3/90){xe "CT6.602#-EROSION PREVENTION AND CONTROL. (3/90)"1 In addition to measures described in CT6.6#, Purchaser shall construct,reconstruct, and/or maintain at all times cross ditches on those portions of the road segments listed below that are not in use. Cross ditching of these road segments will be in place each year by XXXXX, whether or not the road is in use, to assure that ditches are constructed and functioning prior to road freezing. Cross ditches shall be constructed by cutting a dip at least six(6) inches deep in the road surface and mounding the excavated material along the down grade edge of the dip. They will be constructed so they can be driven over. Cross ditches shall be aligned approximately 90 degrees to the centerline of the road but at a sufficient angle so that they will drain to the outside of the road. They shall cross the entire width of the roadbed and be constructed at the following spacing. Percent Grade Maximum Spacing XXXXX XXXXX (Location, angle to the centerline, and grade of dip shall be as staked by Forest Service.) Caution shall be exercised to make sure outside shoulders are not broken off and the outlet end of cross ditch is free of excavated material or other debris. Road Segments Termini Road No. From To XXXXX R1-CT6.602#-INSTRUCTIONS. Use when it is necessary to maintain waterbars or cross ditches on system roads to control runoff. Complete date that work shall be completed by each year. Select one of the two options and complete the grade and spacing if the first option is selected List applicable roads and termini in table. REVISED. REPLACES CT6.602#-EROSION PREVENTIONAND CONTROL, dated 3189. CT6.603# -TEMPORARY ROAD AND TRACTOR ROAD OBLITERATION. (1/95)(xe "CT6.603#-TEMPORARY ROAD AND TRACTOR ROAD OBLITERATION. (1/95)") Notwithstanding the provisions of BT6.62 and BT6.64, unless otherwise agreed, temporary roads accessing XXXXX (all units) or Cutting Unit(s)XXXXX and tractor roads within XXXXX(all units) or Cutting Unit(s)XXXXX constructed for use with this sale shall be obliterated after they have served the Purchaser's purpose. Obliteration shall consist of recontouring road prism including all cut and fill slopes to natural ground contour. Equipment will not be permitted to operate outside the clearing limits. In addition, from XXXXX to XXXXX tons per acre of clearing or logging slash, stumps or other woody debris shall be placed and scattered uniformly on the top of the recontoured corridor. RI-CT6.603#-INSTRUCTIONS. Use of this provision must be supported by a complete logging system and transportation plait. The environmental analysis must also identify the need for this special treatment REVISED. REPLACES CT6.603#- TEMPORARYROAD OBLITERATION, dated 5191. CT6.61#- WETLANDS PROTECTION. (5/84)(xe "CT6.61# -WETLANDS PROTECTION. (5/84)"1 Wetlands subject to this provision are shown on Sale Area Map. Vehicular or skidding equipment shall not be used in such wetlands except where roads, landings, and tractor roads are approved under BT5.1 or BT6.422. Additional measure needed to protect such wetlands have been included elsewhere in this contract or are as follows: XXXXX 1/ WO-CT6.61#-INSTRUCTIONS. Use in contracts where needed to protect wetlands as defined in Executive Order 11990. Protection measures shall conform with the direction in EO 11990 and FSM2525, 2526, and 2527. Stream courses subject to BT6.5 are not wetlands, but those streameourses may be within wetlands as defined by the Executive Order. Do not list BT6.61 as inapplicable. UList special protection measures needed i k if 1 i._ - - - - - - - - - - - --- - f I - -� �� �, APPENDIX I SANITARY SURVEY OF WATER SOURCES Western Groundwater Services DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY i PERtifLTJING & CONIPLIA� CE DIVISION MARCRAC;C T,GOVERNOR NiErCALF BUILDD 0 N P 1520 EAST 6Tt1 A VENL E G Phone(106){�'�-��'+} FAY(406)4M,4 PO BOX:00"i LEVA,.510i AXJ5%2"% Correspondence April 20. 1999 y�C/9`1 Chlonne(furbidity - Lead&Copper CITY OF BOZENIAN C,O PHIL FOR13ES Phase II &V 4 t I E NIA IN GWUDISW PO BOX 640 ,ln:. . -5u.L,1< I Initials BOZE:VL-\N SIT 59715 , RE: PWSID 400161--CITY OF BOZEMAN ROUTINE SANITARY SURVEY . _.. Dear Ntr. Forbes: On April 16, 1999,John Camden and I conducted a routine sanitary survey inspection of the City of Bozeman Public Water Supply(PWS)system. We extend our thanks to Dean Elliot, Dave Mell,and John Alston for their assistance at the water + �I treatment plant. Lyman Creek, and with the distribution system. The Bozeman water system is operated in a very conscientious and competent manner. We congratulate you. i I The City of Bozeman receives its water from three different sources. Hyalite Creek and Sourdough Creek(a.k.a. Bozeman jCreek)are treated through a 15-MGD direct filtration plant that was built in 1984 and upgraded in 1993. Lyman Creek Spring is the third source and has been classified as groundwater by the Department. The Lyman Creek Spring was inactivated October 27, 1998, because the Hypalon cover had developed numerous holes; therefore, Bozeman is now being served solely by the Hyalite and Sourdough Sources. Based on our inspection and revic,.v of the files, we have the following observations, comments, and recommendations: I Hvalte and Sourdough Intakes l he City of Bozeman has single intakes for both the Flyalite and Sourdough creek sources. The watersheds for these sources ire adjacent to one another and consist primarily of National Forest lands. Bozeman has a 5,300 acre-ft stored water right for the Flyalite source. Spring runoff affects source' water quality by increasing turbidity in both creeks; furthermore, clear- cutting forest land has caused an increase in turbidity during runoff and rain events. i Bozeman Water Treatment Plant—See Figure 1. 1 The City of Bozeman has a direct filtration plant designed to produce 15-NIGD. The plant was designed and built in 1984 to be a 10-MGD plant. but was upgraded to 15-NIGD in 1003. The plant now averages 3.7-1iGD in the winter and 9-'vIGD in thr summer. Peak flow is 12-NIGD. Ferric chloride and cationic polymer are the primary coagulants: a nonionic polymer is added just prior to filtration as a filter aid. At the time of our visit, chemical feed rates were as follows: 1. Ferric-1.7 mg'L: 2. Superfloc 592 C Cationic polvMer-1.5 mg/L: 3. Filter Aid Von-ionic polymer—0.1 mg,L; 4. Gas chlorination is being led at 55 Ibs:day with a 1.42 ppnt average residual leaving the plant; and 5. Fluoride--•-0.94 mg L with a `.�ackground level of 0.06 mg L. The i-. PCS effluent turbidime; r was readin: 1 .134 NTU. The Dep:•ruttent•s ben:! turbidimeter read 0.08 VTU and their bencht,- : -.-d 0.04 NTU, all well bolo%v th,: `iTU limit that will be set by thc: in,ed Surface k ater '? Treaunent Rule. 'AN EOUAL OPPORruNtry EMPLOYER- I Disinfection is provided by gas chlorination, however, the operators have installed a calcium hvpochlorite feeder for emergency disinfection should gas chlorination fail. • Fhe:lours m th:: :hloririe room should he equipped with panic bars. Sto_ rage The total storage volume for treated water is l l MG for all three sources. According to the operators, Liquid Engineering inspects the tanks at about three year intervals. Sourdough tank—The Sourdough tank is a 4-jvtG concrete storage tank located approximately J miles north of the Filtration plant. • A flapper valve or screen should be placed over the end of the overflow for this tank, and the overflow area should have the brush cleared so it can be inspected; and • A handrail should be installed to allow safer inspection of the manhole. Hilltop Storaac Tank—The Hilltop tank is a 2-MG, ground-level,steel storage tank. No deficiencies were noted at this tank. Lyman Creek Spring Reservoir—This reservoir has a 5-MG storage capacity;however, it has been taken offline due to the failure of the Hypalon cover. • The City should consider installation of a permanent storage facility due to the rapid failure of the Hypalon cover; • A flapper valve or screen should be placed over the end of the overflow; and • The chlorine room at this site should be fitted with panic bars on the door. Distribution l discussed the Bozeman distribution system by telephone with John Alston, the Assistant Water and Sewer Superintendent, The City's distribution consists of cast iron,ductile iron,and some AC pipe. They will be replacing much of the 4-inch main in the central part of town with 3-inch main this summer. W. Alston also said that they have a very progressive cross connection control program. It appears that the City is very proactive in keeping the distribution system. Conclusion Aside Crom the few recommendations noted, the Bozeman PWS system appears to be in very good condition and operated in a conscientious manner, Please pass our congratulations on to your operating and maintenance crews and tell therm to keep up the good work, If you have any questions, comments,or corrections regarding this report,please call me at 444-5312. Sincerely, ,e/l ',, Denver Fraser Environmental Engineering Specialist Public Water Supply Section cc: Dean Elliot and Dave Me€l Gallatin Counry Sanitarian P WS ! Sanitary Sufi vey Fie 2 SANITARY SURVEY FORM - INVENTORY Page I of SURVEYOR ME"Rfclul�c.S.'URF "SID SYSTEM NAME f ISYSTFM 'ALSO 4MCWN AS* NAME IF APPVCABLZ7 rEM ADDRESS__ SYSTEM CWNER r c_ A 1dresse ' _Hj L Addressee P-11,A4d1111 Str-et Street Str .......... C" System Phone fqct') Pax Iy Owner Phone Fax t LOCA NON SYSTEM N,�arE?sj City_11a Description or Physical Address OFTRATOR OF SYSTEM f �AJLTIAAIArf OPERATOR Of SYSTEM Name ple4/1L; il y r7— Name Certified Operator 0 No 0 Yes If, yes (CIO Certified Operator 0 No Yes If, yes Certification 2 Phone Certification # -2 Phone SYSTEM STATUS SYSTEM CUSS 7* A = Active 0 D = Delete 0 C = Community u P = Non-Transient Non-Community Inactive 0 P w Pending (Add New n N System) r — I - = Transient Non-Community Total Service Connections: Residential !Non-Trabs?en�� Resident Population -'W� JG—d-a, Summer� Transient: Nprop.r of -.1112.11,�"g PWS 7c Winter Total ,active Connections: Residential 1 Non-Tra sienq. Non-Tansienz, Population Summer- Transient: s.—,.'2 PI'S n Ninter . V7 Service Connections Metered' Gk Yes Z No % Transient Population Summer: II Winter OWNER TYPE ci-der3; :Iovernmenr X 4 Local GOVer-rll"I'lent Au(honty,Cummiss,or,ois(rict, Mun,cloa;i(y.City,etc :1 2 Private Subdivision. Trust. _OcWalive,Water Association,etc. 0 5 Mixed PubliciPrivace 3 State Government In"'stor. 1; C 6 Native American Indian Tribes&Reservations SERVICE CATEGORY Comments; ? AP Airport lob —R- C3 PC Picnic Area 'I BA Ba(hing"Swimming 0 RA Rest Area Bar 0 RC Recreatio C ampground n 57 ,Q, RS Residential CH Church Z RT Restaurant DC --ay Care cer,-qr C RV RV Park SC Scnool interstate 80!tler E SD Subclivtslon KaL t rX -IS& :F induszr!ai1:Aqr;cuI,,ura1 C SK Ski Area IN Institution SS Service Station Lreal Bovtt!r E:: US Water User's Association LO L,-dje VC Visitor Cer. er dA1 ZY _i227, 0 VM Vending Machine MI- Mobile ": rfif, -_ ?.:H Water Hauler .1,10 M'z e 1 H'; e 1 71 XX Other T-'/ C')(_•qory cescrip"ton SANITARY SURVEY FORM - SURFACE WATER, SPRINGS Page of�^ & INFILTRATION GALLERIES SURFACE SOURCES SPRINGS & INFILTRATION GALLERIES �I 'rhea is the nature of watersheds y Is recharge area protected? �.yoiarl.' r'a&'r-x iIa Yes C Nc C Agnculzural Name If Yes, How u industrial - y$=crest 4 ❑ Residential �' O"her ;Q Ownership • ❑ Fencing 'Vnat is the size of the owned,protectea area of the watershed? ❑ Ordinances_ 'z "F� Uti r`rJ2 t 12 Iia.Other_..F0/2A___T : �'1'7crvs tC� Cfy4-c.i!� l✓�r�SlftL i How !s watershed controlled? � What is nature of zecharge zones? �I ;LOwnership ❑ Agricultural G Ordinances D Industrial Zoning { /' �—�" ❑ Residential I� SLOther lv IS Other FO/�EST ( ( Has management had a watershed survey Is site subject to flor.ding? 0 Yes a No performed. ❑ Yes I3>;No If Yes, describe deficiencies Is there an emergency spill response plan? VYes ❑ No is the source adequate in quantity? FYes ❑ No Is the source adequate in quality? j8•-Yes C No Is there diversion of surface drainage from site? ❑ Yes C No€� f Is there any treatment provided in or at the ,eservoir? ❑ Yes No if No, describe deficiencies If Yes, explain Is collection chamber properly constructed? ❑ Yes ❑No Are ;here any scurces of pollution in the pr^ximity Does hatch cover overlap? 0 Yes C No Of the intakes? ^ Yes X' No Is the overflow outlet screened? ❑ Yes Z No Are multiple intakes, located at different levels, If No, describe deficiencies CV6011-ZC ?r 1.ti -4oc- 4 r Gnif- ❑ Yes r� No is the highest quality water being drawn? !1 Yes ❑ No Now often are intakes inspectedt , l/ir<%}r �F-� Li/7 LVrT ------ 0A.1 7�15 /rLSr2Ec n,p,v Whaz conditions cause fluctuations in quality? -_S29/Nto is supply intake adequate? DroV, 7- SSE ❑Yes Q No If No, describe deficiencies L; 06J '_ I_Fig+/1.%�!r/.r_r. /ir; I✓-rz1�</�-D S NJ7VlG- Is site properly protected (from livestock, tampering, etc)? <Yes C. No O"r�ne^ts: if No, describe deficiencies - What conditions cause changes to quality of the water? /err SANITARY SURVEY FORM - STORAGE P.Ije of . !I COMPLETE ONE SECTION FOR EACH STORAGE FACILITY Who: !ype of water ,s stored? ❑ Raw Ix1 Treated GRAVITY STORAGE lHow much storage is provided? ; ,r1„_t•r QA' Source ID C L; Location, Description Lt1 'otal number cf days of supply' FCcU) L7G(.;"o L r L.FI �TFtC_ a _. Storage Volume? Does surface runoff and underground drainage drain GRAV1Tf STORAGE SUv✓~�(Utr I* away? ,4�Yes C No T4 nr rC 1 Is the site protected against flooding? -25Yes ❑ No r Source 1D G2 Location, Description CcA.)( r,- 5Zsi,+t Ac Is tank inspected every 5 years by a structural engineer T`?at il,,V' SGi .,tSr 51ox r'F TLr„/ for structural integrity? 'r$Yes - No Storage Volume' C1.�lir r ,oti1 G��j C1,,,a„t n,ovuon -- Br��om Dues surface runoff and underground drainage drain Ll�Iv10 �c�/ � away? I kYes C No �tJ`t-QIiV 11 Are overflow lines, air vents, drainage lines or clean Is the site protected against flooding? kYes C No out pip,;s turned downward or covered, screened and I is tank inspected every 5 years by a structural engineer terminated a minimum of 3 diameters above the ground or storage tank surface? 0Yes ❑ No for structural integrity? (,Yes ❑ No I j Is site adequately protected against vandalism? P Yes ❑ No Are surface coatings in contact with water approved' Yes ❑ No Is tank protected against icing and corrosion? ( Yes C No Are overflow lines, air vents, drainage lines or clean out pipes turned downward or covered, screened and Can tank be isolated from system? AYes C' No II terminated a minimum of 3 diameters above the ground Is all treated water storage covered? 0 Yes C No II or storage tank surface? ❑ Yes ❑ No n, What is cleaning frequency fur tanks? �Uf 2tt? iArti'} is site adequately protected suainst vandalism? YYes ❑ No Are surface coatings in contact with water ANSI i NSF Are tanks disinfected after repairs are made? 97Yes Cr No approved? (Z)Y,�2&7— V Yes ❑ No Is access hatch sealed properly and locked? Yes ❑No II Is tank protected against icing and corrosion? }a Yes ❑ No I Can tank be isolated from system? Yes JPNo GF.A✓/TY STORAGE +� Is al! treated water storage covered? 5a Yes ❑ No Source ID t.rW Locatio Description L1tK,4,U �» E1C RfSf�L011 'Nhat is cleaning frequency for tanks? H%( 7 ip t ' (-(,i l) y 1 are zanies disinfected after repairs are made? 7Yes C No ,s access hatch sealed properly and locked? ,M-Yes ❑ No Storage Volumes i Does surface runoff and underground drainage drain I! away? bCYes ❑ No 1 Is the site protected against flooding? %Yes ❑ No Comments: F(.ArPA�_ VIC, Vef C,Q Is tank inspected every 5 years by a structural engineer for structural integrity? �LYes ❑ No I .✓..�'9L �G Bn 7;V �� /YW21-ly Are overflow lines, air vents, drainage lines or clean rSf ,L!iG/IZ f}i ii SGw2l�G�•ii riff 'K out pipes turned downward or covered, screened and terminated a minimum of 3 diameters above the ground j NSA'/l44 r/ ���/� ��_�'f1� 7z /i"SI�[� or storage tank surface? ❑ Yes No 4i 50&ihk; t H TRXI+t Is site adequately protected against vandalism? $1 Yes C No I Are surface coatings in contact with water approved? 0 Yes C No .•+'11-S16664-nail, 5A6c.Y12_ ge" 61(10U Eg /�V57A,vi7i;, i ll Is tank protected against icing and cerrosron? Q Yes C No I -? f)h2�I�iit%h✓T 1'%Lr= jfl6- Can tank be iso+ated from systems ❑ Yes `:c f-LiZ u&- Is all treated :rr storage covered)(-,wvbk F F 'yes C Nr / What is cleam:;rl n:y fr•r tanks? UcN< �� ✓ -' Are tanks disini ,tad after re:,aire: are made? •'�Yes ❑N- 1 GL�F_-f� r•[-;�if�' /i C•,,,`-f,n./- �� S-� �!L::. �, � !� (F. ✓`!7� +, Is access hatch sealed properly air 7111 Yes C P,_ I iANETARY SURVEY FORM - MISCELLANEOUS Page of F— DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM EVALUATION SAFETY l ;i 5v^;cm descript on r;•UA i%5 > i?ST 1�( r;; r. Note any safety deficiencies {consider items such as ladders, tanK pp s. guards on rota,ing eiac;ncal equipment,ment li hmir n t su r•rt g 9rntectic P •t for pumps. etc.) �i I I' i S,istem drawings available? >Q Yes No �! .•nes adequately sized? � -Yes C No /fib 1.,j /L'� �/ 51 rr' C�'; it L.dequata pressure maintained? Yes C No i i i Mai:,s sunlect to freezing? G Yes ,K No C•is;riburion system leaks? VG rK Yes ON, Cross-connections noted? G Yes M No C �f L4 ! (C f7 �ommenis: f _ 2fr Cl fJZa ,sr. - ;•;(�' "Foss yu ti) 3 MONITORING EVALUAT/ON MANAGEMENT Sac;i monitoring satisfactory? Yes J No Are personnel adequately trained? Yes C Ne Familiar with repeat sampling? Yes G No Are operators properly certified? f,'Yes C 'Yc Cham,ca€ monitoring satisfactory? Yes ❑ No Are there sufficient personnel? $f Yes --I No Nioni;cring records maintained? Yes - No Is an emergency plan available and workable? ZZ Yes .ZI Nc ! a cti Sim le a�Site Plan submitted to state? 9Yes u No Are abandoned wells present? q Yes Ei No „I Did Surveyor take a bacteriological sample> 0 Yes 0No Do abandoned wells appear to be properly abandoned? 0 Yes C No If Yes, Is operator aware of rules regarding well abandonment? D Yes G No Comments: l i�ytl'S �r /}nl% 15 Date of Sample: Time of Sample: Sample Result: t C � � j u �- I J = ^ � rn a ,cu nr v .i l I J -vo •c. v a� v « o c c CG i o o ma 'i +-+ O _n d d o ¢ > N U CAIU Q N = . Ncl — Z =11 J i J o c Q U T 2 S. (. I..... .`�q� To LYMAN Gf,E EK z- iUJ �. .c •1:+ 'RESERVOIR ' Ill 4 r ; - i i.•. y.,,;•, s. - ;—PUMPING STATIONM. - �: � 5,9 mgd BOZEMAN PF •3 �. •�t o I l •�;�. DISTRIBUTION RESERVOIR 4.0 .- . .................. .i•i' r l - t r,.. } \^ 13.4 to 8 d 3 S. i• .I.tom! \ :�l .�� •�•t• _ t'I.. 3��� • ..«i, \ .�'t'_:I 1n ',C `�. 5•.!•• t ,ro .. � ;• \\\\t ;F• t 3• I ;` k i;;E '''��, `:• ac a I WATER 11REATMEN �, t PLANT } • •\ . .� . 'GONE-,/I�aF��IS�`�''' r • : ;. ';� t.•y r ,t• A1, Vim!' E.k+ia. `t �" , 'rl fi,,•�'1\,'�i+. i•'�' •,s•,�..'At:,•, F• t , �i:,�•1 ! VHt,-4tVjMt•iV i X4IUlV\ tfA I :t . : .\�•,- :` �'iF,j ,. • ., 1 f+i '7" '�:c — --.ir!fr ,+`snnb .xs'vumtr i ,ti..; . :� �.,,+ • ' 'INTAKE DAM.,. 13 ��•� ;{. ;'\�- . ii PROPOSED SITE 3�I�' '+4` • r', t�`1\' ,. 'fir �� SOUR[30UG!) (B0ZEMAW CREE� f It�TAKE DAM ; 'i. ��:.-�, 1 DAM and R SERVOIFR %r, ' ..`�..�.nir 1""- r..-• -r ...' .J.�dN1r��... ,c...:r�i•„`_,,••, ,�J'~�r..5._� r '049 •}. `�'.•, ,� , - f fir=:- r, _ :%- I .. ,Ceel i�.. _ � - �y. --fir.=- ~a0 - _ 'z--�--`i•`.-'.__�_.__—____._�.____. _. -.___�.__._.___.. . _•__,._:.�:;y� r - r r 7 s I':�'I' +Y� .� •\4 �- To; LYMAN' 11C K i tt I'� ui �• 1 4. ! 13E'SRVOIR; ! 1111 t .--PUMPING 3TATfION I•�- '�� !.• ..�., J e�'s ••,.`,.ail •r` � r ! � LiOICMAN k ,: : "s�I.� tL ,.1) m9d I j , Is,.•l tl.tri •f .. •- '�. .it ........... I �J..�f,,-' .., 3 l7•, "''I 1, 'I•.. ` , `'I' i t I •'1 ' �i' J f•;..t ', • ''`�`, �•� I:n•I rJ.,:17r•„!,• , , ,a. I ( , UISTf31f3UT36N RC;S[RVOII I .,.r r. •'r , :� :1 r � �: ` '!• 1�t 1, I j`ii.d •::. ' 11 A mud j ;• ;f. ,'f• r'4• ' l 30;'�,.d.s e, r 1 _ 7, 2. CIE. WAT[F{ 111EATiv! N 'f ,1 (•' `; 1 1 !, ��,PUNT ,• :"' j / i E i,.,t.,... 1 7I L+t 'ce�5at�lCrs;;�yL;l '• , ;,'.'ti r;''I 'r It !" !.� kv9� ,;. 1 I ,' aal• , s I fj• .,+� y:.�. .I,;,1r�r.. i�:s; } I /...1 II '.:Y. .j�'. ./��::.i�?:'I'•t' ', "t1 //1 :I ►Ltv». ,i rrNtl PCSG 1'1' `MU, I A fV f EtJ • 1a�1 ,/•..; .I . .:' '� 1j r� .i4 1y .�,1n (� , i {�•._ a';:,3�� !� 1:�. '.a 1 "�' i ` 3 J /• tiff ,j'ti, `'� ..{.. :!�. 1j� '-1 I �.�Y'., t"ii�.i',,•�...;ii.,o,� IJ r' ;r'' , �'. INTAKE DAM161 �\� ,. . 1,%, , = f + 1.l• ;Il• ��:.Y•rp' 'l.lrl~•`�V` r ;'Fr, �', ru�.�^ Ih.•; I' r }•'rf.•.,n 1 y'Il Y 1�• ... ',- \•� . 'iI'�'1`"l� ,I PROPOSED.SJTE` '��50AM SOURUOUGI1 (00Zf.:MAN) CR[f=k I :t'I'rA!(C n `` i fiAM 11nd F#[SCRVOlR I 1 MYSTIC LAKK x I s l l '(I Inv � , ..,s•.• fit,{R(1-• ./ i,• , 'n f Il It is r• _.;,'. I' t. CIE re T. 4 " FIGURE 1 Cl T-Y OF BOZEMAN r ! ��`.i , PROPOSED RESERVOIR n•, ` '� ,,��AIL' -. ..... i i, I. , ` ; Qip vt 2, ,1,1 •'mot i'. 1!L \\ "its ' , i •�. � ,` � �,'i.11\'�.�._� �" �I�fill I"' /�.��`� \ /^ `'. / - .. ..� r �• zPA ,��•. � .ter.._-._ _�.,. 1 ,,, I � �� '��,`\I Li';'' l �• I ��) � . ram, ���" ��-,. �...� . IA •I m �1 �, 1• I J I I �. ; � � II ( �`t( 1 (� •, , I y N '1 ` $10 I", ,r�1 "/•'! !•�' ,�•'I♦,llh IIt`Ill � \'` (�j`•,�f�-`�I,'L. Il,� ,. � 1 I 1 I t..1h ��.1�1 , hit :;:. • • 1`` r ^.i�1�, - �,'`. "• 1')i) •:.�J �(_ \.� _.� t '\tea .,..1 '�` _).`�.\ (• i . �J` v . is „ � , ���•' �,� _� .,(,!,��. ��..�(, .� �� ,\ �,; I \ I _ � � .� �, ,. �' I cam,� ; i � i � ' •�. �, �� , r , rI p i