HomeMy WebLinkAboutG083-Master Plans-Bozeman Area Plan (1972) . I . " - 'k, �:,.
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Map No. Figure No.
1 Limitations for Septic Disposal 31 1 Gallatin County Census Divisions 22
2 Limitations for Building Foundations 32 2 Population Growth -County 22
3 Limitation for Roads and Streets 33 3 Age-Sex Distribution 23
4 Slope Limitations 34 4 Suitability Methodology 27
5 Geologic Hazards 35 5 One Way Couplets 56
6 Hydrology and Flood Plains 36 6 Right-of•way Illustrations 57
7 Limitations Composite 37 7 Park Guidelines 6
8 Housing Condition 47 8 Bozeman Sectors 67
9 City Streets Plan 58 9 Jurisdictional Area Analysis Areas 67
10 Jurisdictional Area Streets Plan 59 10 Projected Urban Acreage 70
11 Existing Land Use-City 72
12 Existing Land Use -J.A. 73
13 Land Use Plans 82
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introduction
NEED FOR PLANNING In a series of reports prepared in 1960, a consultant re-
Planning is basic to our society. In almost every function viewed and made recommendations on the major street
of our daily lives we involve a certain amount of planning. plan and prepared recommendations for a county zoning
It seems only logical for citizens of an area to insist their resolution, revisions of the subdivision ordinance, and esta-
local governments lay forth an organized plan for growth blishment of procedures for subdivision review. In 1967,
and development for all to follow. Planning Studies were done by Consulting Services Corpor-
In promoting this theory,the Montana Legislature has ation and Ted J.Wirth and Associates. This plan included
provided enabling legislation for planning (11-3800 R.C.M.)
the jurisdictional area of the City-County Planning Board
which allows local governments to establish planning with elements of arterial streets, existing land use and park
boards. The state statute on planning charges planning and recreation development.As referred to in the plan,
boards with the responsibility of preparing master plans certain elements were not completed and a recommendation
for their jurisdictional areas. In keeping with this responsi- was made to have these done in the near future, Among
bility, the Bozeman City-County Planning Board has direct- the incomplete were an economic study and forecast, a
ed its staff to make necessary inventories and studies and population study and forecast,a land use plan,a public
organize information into a community plan. facilities plan, and a comprehensive plan to coordinate all
The information contained within this report is the
of the plans. The current studies are expanded to include
the Bozeman area up to 4 1/2 miles from the city limits of
result of that directive. Bozeman.Studies also include elements that are lacking in
The Bozeman area encompasses eighty square miles and the previously adopted plan. The methodology used to
is located in the eastern portion of the Gallatin Valley. This develop the plan for the Bozeman area involved the basic
valley is highly productive in agriculture activities and is planning process.The goals and objectives for the com-
surrounded by various mountain ranges. Due to this geo- munity are defined and detailed. General inventories have
graphic setting, the Bozeman area is a highland climate with been prepared and analysis made for each particular land
four distinctive seasons. This area with its sparsely settled use. From the analysis, recommendations have been made
population, natural beauty, geographical setting and dis- for the implementation of the proposals set forth in the
tinctive climate is particularly vulnerable to rapid growth, plan.
Obviously, the associated problems of massive urban Several elements contained in the plan have not been
development are not prevalent in the area, at least not yet- studied in depth, rather a general analysis of these items
However, the area is currently experiencing many growing been made based on available information. These elements
pains which serve as examples of things to come. Without (transportation, parks and recreation and economics) should
some predetermined logical path to follow, it is inevitable therefore be programmed for further and more in depth
that the present growing pains will result in haphazard and study in the near future when resources are available. How-
undesirable development.The purpose, then, of this plan is ever,their general significance is still reflected in the com-
to provide a guideline for the future growth of the Bozeman prehensiveness of the Bozeman Area Plan.
area. In order to irsure orderly development in this unique
setting, the followinc plan includes recommendations for HISTORY
the public and private s:ctors to use when making decisions Bozeman is located at the southern end of Gallatin
concerning the physical development of the planning area. Valley, Thirty-five miles northwest, the Gallatin, Madison,
and Jefferson Rivers join to form the Missouri at Three
SCOPE Forks. The great valleys formed by these rivers provided an
A city planning report was prepared for the City of early thoroughfare for Indians coming eastward to hunt
Bozeman in 1958. This planning report did not include a buffalo on the plains and for ancient migration from the
land use plan or a comprehensive plan map for the city. Bearing Strait southward to Central and South America.
The master plan map presented in the report included only Because of the migration of many Indians through the area
the street plan. This report was the first step toward the and because heavy snows in winter prevented any tribe from
development of a comprehensive plan for the Bozeman using the valleys as permanent residences, the region was
Planning Area. early declared a "common hunting ground."
The first known visits to the area by white men were in John M. Jacobs in scouting a shorter route to the east in a
1805 by the Lewis and Clark Expedition. After resting at perilous adventure in 1863. On August 9, 1864, settlers on
the three forks, they followed the Jefferson River westward, the East Gallatin with Bozeman as chairman formed an asso-
then across the mountains and reached the Pacific Ocean, ciation to make laws and record farming claims for mutual
On the return trip,the expedition divided in western Mon- protection and thus founded the town of Bozeman,
tana. Clark came to the three forks, and following the ad- The location of Bozeman near the eastern mountain
vice of the trusted guide,Sacajewea, he took a course which passes caused it to grow rapidly. Traditionally, agriculture
lead him toward Bozeman Pass. On the night of July 14, has been the basis for Bozeman's growth, and today it is
1806,the Clark party camped at the site of Fort Ellis. The the center of one of the most productive agriculture and
establishment of Bozeman was planned in 1863 by William stock raising regions in the state. It was chosen as the site
J. Beall, Daniel E. Rouse,and John M. Bozeman, for Montana College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts in
The story of John Bozeman is one of many epics of the 1893. Its steady growth has been based upon stable indus-
mountain west. In 1859 he left his native Georgia and came tries and the growth of the valley.
to the Deer Lodge Valley in Montana in 1862. He joined
history highlights
180.':-- Louisiana Purchase included this area.
1806— William Clark and party camped here.
8 1846 - Montana, west of the Continental Divide became United States territory by treaty with England.
1864— Montana territory established on May 26. Organization founded for land claims and protection on August 9.
Town named for John Bozeman.
1865 — First flour mill completed. First school located at 130 East Main Street.
1866 — First cattle drive from Texas to Montana by Nelson Story.
1867 — John Bozeman died on Mission Creek some ten miles east of Livingston. On April 17, Bozeman became county
seat for Gallatin County, Fort Ellis established three miles east of town.
1669 — First school house and first newspaper.
1870— Bozeman townsite formally platted. The national park idea proposed.
1872 — Yellowstone National Park, the first of the national parks created by act of Congress.
1874— Town incorporated.
1878— Bozeman High School opened-
1880— First fire company organized.
1882 — Bozeman Chronicle began publication.
1883 — Bozeman declared a city. Northern Pacific Railroad reaches city.
1889— November 8, Montana admitted to the union.
1890— City Hall and opera house completed.
1892 -- Opening of Bozeman Hotel.
1893— Montana State College created by the legis€ature on February 16.
1896 --- First hospital built.
1899 — Gallatin County High School formed.
1922— City Manager government adopted.
1927 — Improved highway to West Yellowstone built.
1929 — Baxter- Hotel--a community project completed.
1956— High School district changed from Gallatin to Bozeman High School, New Building at Main and Ninth Avenue
begun.1
1964— Bozeman's centennial.
1965— Municipal Buildings— Administration, Fire and Police placed under construction. Bozeman Main Street and
North Seventh Avenue reconstructed. Montana State College name changed to Montana State University.
1966— Municipal Buildings dedicated April 23. Federal Building dedicated September 12.Old City Hall and Opera
House razed. Interstate Highway opened -- Bozeman to Three Forks.
1967--- Frontier Airlines inaugurated air service in Bozeman, providing area with north-south air service for first time.
1968— Extension of Bozeman City boundaries (Annexation of MSU property of approximately 300 acres)
Planning Board,City and County adopt Subdivision Regulations.
1969— New landfill opened, SE '14, and a portion of SW'/4,Section 30, Township 1 South, Range 6 West. New
sewage plant put under construction,est, $1,753,900 construction contract.
1970— City Commission increased to five member Board for first time. First City-County Planner hired by Planning
Board.
1971 — Total construction of waste water treatment plant and interceptor sewer lines completed. West Main water
project approved — largest S.I.D. in City history.
1972 — Airport Master Plan completed. Revised Constitution for Montana passed. Historic 100-year-old Yellowstone
National Park rededicated,
'History Highlights to 1956 from CITY PLAN FOR BOZEMAN MONTANA,S.R. DeBoer and Company,City
Planning Consultants, Denver, Colorado, 1958.
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objective/
yualf &
Planning is viewed by some as a series of actions and deci- CIRCULATION
sions that are organized around and are moving toward the 1) Transportation facilities in and near Bozeman
accomplishment of objectives. In this context, at least, the should be consciously designed to minimize the disruption
goals must be identified for obvious attainment,but also, of existing community and neighborhood living patterns and
just as important, because they form the framework for values and to minimize the removal of productive land from
planning and also public and private decision making, tax rolls while providing the transportation needs of the
Goals are usually directly related to what the community community.
values most in the future development of their area. The 2) Major highway development near Bozeman where
citizens of the Bozeman area have expressed their values ever possible should be limited to major transportation cor-
which have been translated into goals for the community to ridors already in existence.
pursue for the planning period. In addition to the citizen's 3) Jackrabbit Lane should be given high priority for
goals the planning staff has also expressed) their values for improvement as a potential connective link between High-
planning for the Bozeman Planning Area. way 191 and Interstate 90, especially for commercial ve-
CITIZENS'ADVISORY COMMITTEE hicles.
Bozeman area citizens participated in the formation of 4) The proposed Kagy Boulevard from Bear Canyon
this plan through activities on a Planning Advisory Commit- interchange to Gallatin Gateway should be revised for Kagy
tee. This Committee worked from March to June of 1971 to extend from Bear Canyon interchange and terminate at
to bring together ideas and values from the "grass roots" South Nineteenth Street.
level of how the area should develop. Individual ideas and 5) In development of Kagy Boulevard extreme care ,3
values were joined together and presented as representative should be taken to protect existing residential areas.
goals and objectives from citizens of the Bozeman area.
Even though these citizen goals and objectives have not 6) It is recommended that high immediate priority be
given to the widening and improving of Highland Boulevard,
officially been adopted by the Planning Board or planning
staff,they are presented here to reflect views representative 7) It is recommended that circulation in the Bozeman
of area residents. (For a more detailed description of the Central Business district be improved to enhance the attrac-
Committee's work see the final report entitled "A Final tiveness of the downtown area.
Report of the Bozeman Planning Area Citizens' Advisory The committee is also sympathetic with the idea of con-
Committee.) verting Babcock and Mendenhall Streets to one-way opera-
AGRICULTURE tion but is convinced that this should not be done without
1) Because of the high cost of bringing marginal or adequate study,
non-productive land into production, it is recommended g) It is recommended that alleys in the downtown area
that all urban developments (residential, commercial, and be improved and not vacated.
industrial) be on marginal or non-productive land.
9) Consideration should be given to safe pedestrian
2) It is recommended that future planning and devel- circulation between Willson and Emerson Schools if Babcock
opment take into consideration physical and natural limita- is converted to one-way operation.
tions such as soils conditions, hydrology, and geological
10) It is recommended that Oak Street be planned as a
conditions-
major arterial from Rouse Avenue to Nineteenth Avenue.
3) Local subdivision review boards should consider
the impact on existing community facilities such as schools, 11) All new utility lines should be placed underground
roads, fire protection and especially the tax burden on in all new subdivisions and within road right-of-way when-
farmers and ranchers when reviewing any proposed sub- ever feasible.
division development. 12) Road rights-of-way should be landscaped and
4} Due to the economic importance as well as the multiple usage should not be overlooked in future planning.
aesthetic value of open agriculture land,we strongly recom- 13) Pedestrian and/or bicycle paths should be provided
mend land remaining in agriculture be taxed for that pur- adjacent to roads and streets much more frequently than
pose and the consideration of farm land preferential tax has been the case.
laws. 14) Consideration should be given to suitable bridle
5) Because of the excess silt and rapid run-off in paths from the Bozeman area to national forest areas.
recent years we recommend a more concentrated effort to 15) Consideration should be given to pedestrian paths
protect the Gallatin Valley water shed, along streams in the area.
COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL 8) The possibilities of establishing a community resi-
t) The central business district of Bozeman should be dential planning service should be studied,
expanded both north and south of Main Street to expand 9) High rise apartments or condominiums should be
the downtown core. allowed within two blocks of the perimeter of the University
2) A study should be made and consideration given to campus with a maximum number of floors not to exceed
a sign control ordinance. twelve.
3) Strip commercial development extending along High density housing in an area immediately adjacent to
major arterials of the city should be curtailed. the campus is highly desirable and in keeping with existing
4) Neighborhood convenience shopping areas should campus high-density housing.
be provided in strategic locations throughout residential
sectors of the city. 10) The current Bozeman City Zoning Ordinance
should be revised to allow four story apartments in A & B
5) Adequate requirements for off-street parking,front- zones.
age roads and landscaping should be made.
1 1) Adequate open space and playground areas should
6) Along Highway 191 west,only one neighborhood be provided around apartment complexes.
commercial shopping area should be allowed between Col-
€ege Street exit and Four Corners.The location should be 12) The Bozeman Zoning Ordinance should be revised
at the Gooch Hill Intersection, to reduce the minimum floor area requirement in apart-
ments.
7) The present industrial area south of Main Street in
the vicinity of South Wallace Street should be eliminated. 13) It is recommended that a distinct zone be created
for mobile home parks and travel trailer parks.
8) Industrial development to the north and east of
,4 town should not be encouraged due to the flood plain level PARKS, RECREATION, AND SCHOOLS
of Bozeman Creek, East Gallatin River and Bridger Creek. 1} Consideration of recreational interests and needs.
9) Industrial development should be controlled through The assessment of recreational needs and interests of the
the use of performance standards instead of approval by the community should provide the basis for park acquisition and
City Commission. development.
10) Bozeman Zoning Code should include the following 2? Consideration of educational opportunities in park
commercial classifications: Central Business District, Neigh- development.A growing interest in ecology has prompted
borhood Business, Retail Commercial, and Heavy Commer- many school systems to use natural areas as classrooms to
vial. study marsh, pond, stream, prairie, or forest life or to study
RESIDENTIAL rock formations or soil.Such areas are also popular with
1) Multi-family housing should meet all the provisions young groups, i-e.,Scouts. Consideration should be given to
of the city building codes and zoning codes regardless of this type of development.
whether the building is of new construction or a converted 3) Relationship of density and age of population to
older residential home. park needs. a) In areas of high density and multi-story
apartments, more park land is required. This could include
2) Preservation of existing trees on public streets play lots for small children, small areas with seating and
should be encouraged. sun pockets for the elderly, areas for active recreation or
3) Minimum set-back distances from roads in rural areas for informal gatherings. b) Building regulations for multi-
areas should be established and maintained. Cluster develop- story buildings should require more land to be developed
ment should also be encouraged. for outdoor use of the residents, such as play lots if the
4) It is recommended that any rural area approved for apartment is for families, outdoor seating and landscaping
platting meet the same right-of-way requirements for streets for others.c) Since areas zoned for apartments are not
and utilities as required in the City of Bozeman, usually new subdivisions with new park dedications, land
5) Subdivision developments should be discouraged should be purchased in these areas for park use. Pocket
parks should be considered. Some streets may be blocked
from location in highly productive agriculture areas. off for park use.
6) A study should be made to determine densities for 4) Aesthetic considerations.a) Some parks or see-
the area.The density should be maintained through zoning tions of parks should be reserved as quiet areas and beauty
controls and encouraging cluster developments rather than spots. b) Consideration should be given, in the acquisition
row type of developments. of land, to outlaying natural beauty spots.c) The develop-
7) It is recommended that a design control committee ment of small beauty spots along with businesses or as small
be established for residential structures. park developments (such as downtown Soroptomist Park)
should be encouraged. d) Attention should be given to are other methods of financing mentioned in the Wirth
plantings along streets,around public buildings, schools, report on page 59.These should be investigated.
county fair grounds, and around parking lots,etc. e) The RECREATION
City-County Planning Board, Park Board and civic groups
should work with the Highway Department in landscaping 1) Within the City of Bozeman, priority be given to
the interchange leading into Bozeman. The previously land- the development of play lots and neighborhood parks.
scaped area near the interchange to the east should be pre- 2) Play lots should serve a quarter mile radius, be a
served and cared for. f) Unsightly areas should be inventor- city block in size and provide swings,slides,and sand boxes
ied and steps taken to clean them up, g) Special studies and for small children up to six years of age. In addition,some
efforts should be made to alleviate the ugliness of Main shaded rest areas should be provided with benches and
Street and North Seventh Avenue. h) As soon as park drinking water.The play lots should allow pedestrians the
land is dedicated a plan should be made for its development chance to walk about without interfering with other users.
and preservation in its natural state. i) South Eighth should 3) Neighborhood parks — play grounds should serve
be considered and maintained as a parkway. j) City-County one-half mile radius, be two to seven acres in size and pro-
comprehensive plans should recommend areas to be zoned vide recreational opportunities for those 5 to 18 years of
as conservation areas. age.Such parks should include swings,and gymnastic
5) Comprehensive Planning. a) Planning for parks and equipment,tennis and basketball courts, field space for
recreation must be comprehensive with a tentative area for ball games and shaded area for rest.Several picnic tables
parks, open areas, pathways,green belts,etc., designed for and grills might be provided in the rest area.Toilet facilities
the whole Bozeman planning area (and eventually the entire are a necessity. Priority in the development of play lots and
county), b) Such a system requires coordination among all neighborhood parks should be given to: a) An area north
those concerned and responsible. A park and recreation of Main and east of Rouse Street. b) Area west of Eighth 15
council of some kind, with representatives from the city, and south of Main Street. c) Married student housing, MSU,
the county, the university,school districts,special planning d) Subsequent areas for development be ranked by popu-
districts, state and federal agencies involved and private and lation density and park need, using the guidelines established
civic groups should be established. c) Planning for parks by the National Recreation and Parks Association.
and recreation must be part of an overall comprehensive 4) Kirk Park and the old Elks' golf club be developed
plan. Residential growth should be given some direction so as community parks to serve the entire city.Special con-
that it might take to the hillsides rather than eating up sideration in these parks should be given to the develop-
agriculture lands. (The west slopes of the Bridgers, the ment of a Little League complex, top quality tennis courts
Story Hills,etc.,should be encouraged as areas of residen- and the provision of picnicking areas and facilities for family
tial expansion.) A land capabilities element in the compre-
hensive plan would give direction to residential as well as use.
open space and conservation area acquisitions. 5) Land in the flat area east of Third Street, which
6) Financing a system of parks and open space. will be dedicated by Sour Dough Creek Properties, be dev-
al A comprehensive plan of financing parks should be con- eloped into ball fields.This would permit the removal of
sidered. It is recommended that any bond issue which may the ball field, bleachers, and lights,etc., located on the
be proposed for the construction of a swimming pool should North Grand Park,and this land could be developed as
also include funds for the necessary construction of new ball playground for American Legion housing.
parks,tennis courts,etc., and the major renovation pro- 6) The City of Bozeman acting alone or in conjunction
jects needed in existing parks. Development of the old with the County should make an arrangement whereby the
country club sight (end of North Grand Park) especially if County Fair Ground land could be used as a community or
the old ball field is moved and the sight of the old landfill county wide park, meeting some of the highly developed
dump might be included. Other park areas such as Langohr recreational needs. Such uses might include the development
Park and the Westridge Parks, might more appropriately be of a ball field with bleachers and lights and possibly a cycle
funded and developed through neighborhood special improve- track. Development of a camping area might be considered.
ment. c) If a county levy is requested, its use should be Similarly the exhibition buildings could be used for indoor
designated for recreational purposes of value to both city sports such as volleyball, tennis,skating,as well as for ex-
and rural people, d) Park development matching funds are hibits, lectures and adult education classes.
available on a 50-50 matching basis from the Bureau of 7) A system of bicycle, riding and hiking trails be
Outdoor Recreation. Funds from local government bond developed within the jurisdictional area to serve residents
issues and special improvement district can be matched. in town.A few areas should be given special consideration.
Donations of time labor,equipment, planting materials,etc., It would be possible to link city parks and
can also be matched. In any small,extensive project of hark jurisdictional area open space lands with narrow
development, these funds should be considered. e) There pathways,starting at Lindley Park,a path might
be developed through land proposed for cemetery Schools, a Recreation Council composed of providers, users
expansion to the old Elk's Country Club area, and citizens interested in recreation be created.The purpose
from there through land held by the Deaconess of the Recreation Council would be: a) To provide an oppor-
Foundat-son for future development to the area tunity for exchange of program information ideas, b) Plan
around Hyalite Subdivision. Here the dedicated and develop recreation programs that can only be carried out
lands make up drainage courses,some of which on a cooperative basis.Such programs would include summer
would be suitable for traits.The area in the north- use programs,etc. c) Serve as both an advisory group to
eastern part of this park land is not accessible by the City Recreation. Board, Commissioners,and County
road,but could make a good pathway picnic area. Planning organizations as well as being a vehicle through
From the place this trail would meet Kagy, it could which public support for such items as bond issues could be
split with one section going out Kagy to where stimulated.
a few new subdivisions are developing and the 14) The Recreation Council in cooperation with local
other section going down Kagy to Langohr Park press and radio, publish a quarterly schedule of activities
then back through the park with the possibility available in the greattr Bozeman area.
of following the Milwaukee Railroad lines or 15) The Recreation Council consider the following pro-
cutting to the area not yet annexed to the city, gram measures: a) encouraging and helping local churches,
then west of Sour Dough Creek back to Lindley
clubs, merchants,etc., to sponsor •without recognition • a
side of the golf course and follow the creek out decentralized system of youth drop-in centers. b) in con-
to the new Westridge Park, then up the hill and junction with bankers,Chamber of Commerce and other
over to South Third where a path could follow the influential citizens,study the feasibility of creating some
form of community foundation to which bequests and gifts
road to Goldenstein Lane along it and back on
could be made for the beautification of Bozeman,and the
Sour Dough Road. advancement of cultural and recreational opportunities.
16 8) Camping, picnicking and rest areas should be pro- c) assist groups, such as the Senior Center, in finding suitable
vided for tourist and the Interstate traveler.The north program facilities-
op Ninth Park, the Fair Grounds or the landfill dump sight 16) Proprietors of commercial developments be encour-
might be developed. Proprietary tourist areas should be aged to develop facilities that would especially serve the needs
encouraged. Land for this special use might be acquired of the tourist and interests traveler.Such facilities would
through the cooperation of local, state, and federal agencies, include overnight camping, temporary camptrailer parks,
9) Some form of City-County political structure be dining and entertainment facilities.
created such that this body or bodies could secure funds for 17) In general,where a recreation use is very specialized,
the acquisition, development and maintenance and planning or limited demand and high cost, it be provided by commer-
of park and recreation areas,which serve and are used by cial proprietary interests.Specific needs are for stable riding
residents of the entire county, facilities, indoor skating,skeet shooting,automobile and
10) The county and the Fish and Game Department cycle racing.
should provide more fishing access sights,appropriately 18) All commercial-proprietary operators be subject to
marked, all licensing and applicable zoning laws and that these be en-
11) The City Recreation Board and Commissioners forced.
create an Ad Hoc Development Committee consisting of 19) Some form of community recognition be instituted
School Board,County and State officials, interested citizens, to recognize citizen initiation and citizen let programs de-
and groups such as the YMCA,Swimming Pool Committee signed to meet special cultural/recreational interests and
and Chamber of Commerce to consider the development and needs. Challenges awaiting citizen led groups are organizing
financing and location of the following: a) Indoor-outdoor a historical tour of Bozeman,a botanical garden,etc.
swimming pool.Consideration should be given to an AAU SCHOOLS
size pool, or even two pools separately rather than the 1) Acquisition of additional school sites and related
present emphasis on an olympic size pool. b) Indoor gym- problems: a) This committee is in agreement with the Board
nasium - recreation complex, to include recreational gym of Trustees that a school site of not less than 10 acres
and meeting room facilities for people of all ages. c) Civic should be acquired in the Bridger Drive area. Because of
auditorium to seat 500-1200 people. (Willson School has the expected low density of the area between the Bridger
been suggested.) d) Enlarge and improve library. Canyon entrance and the Bridger Bowl ski area, it is recom-
12) This Ad Hoc Development Committee seriously mended that the school site be located near the mouth of
consider preparing and authorizing a bond issue to fund the the canyon. b) Sell or trade the District No. 7 property
prospects listed in recommendations No. 11, a-d. adjacent to the fair grounds,and the Placek property.
13) That, under the aegis of the Citizens'Advisory c) Because of the access,exchange the Thompson site for the
Committee and the Subcommittee on Parks, Recreation and park area that is immediately to the west. d) If the Rosary
School closes,every effort should be made to obtain the mittees within the Citizens' Advisory Committee but did
land and building. e) Each school should develop its own not pertain to the subject of the specific committee.
library and resource center, rather than trying to create a Nevertheless, these ideas are worthy of the same con-
central resourceteria. f) This committee agrees that the sideration as those above.
Willson Building is unsuitable as a school. Its location in 1) Recently passed flood plain zoning laws should be
relation to traffic and its small grounds area make it unde- used to protect the flood plains from deterimental develop-
dirable. g) There is ;onsiderable community support for ment.
community schools at a K-6 level (for both rural and city). 2) Adequate park area should be required in mobile
If one new community school could be acquired,this could home parks similar requirements for park dedication within
be accomplished, eliminating the need for the Willson new subdivisions.
Building as a school. There would have to be a change in the
tax structure to allow rural children to enter Junior High 3) An urban renewal project should be given serious
at the 7th grade level, rather than the 9th, as the present and prompt attention to the area along Bozeman Creek
structure allows, north of Main Street.
2) Extra-curricular and recreational activities: a) Ac- 4) The city should be encouraged to implement a plan
quire land and facilities that would give much more emphasis giving priority to the extension of city sewer and water ser-
to intramural athletic programs and would allow an active vices to areas designated as most desirable for residential
and sustained participation by all students. b) Plan and con- development.
struct facilities that can adequately accommodate the crea- 5) There should be a requirement for certain improve-
tive arts. Investigate the concept of oral arts classrooms in ments within all new subdivisions.
schools at all levels. c) The school facilities should be avail-
able for creative and physical activities by all members of PLANNING STAFF
the community, provided supervision and maintenance are In addition to ideas and goals of the Citizens' Advisory ��
funded,and if such activities do not interfere with the Committee,the planning staff has used the following broad
school's commitment to youth. goals as parameters for study and analysis of various elements
3) Rural Schools: a) It is recommended that the rural of the plan. (These ideas and goals do not necessarily reflect
schools (K-6) be maintained as long as the community de- those of the members of the City-County Planning Board.)
sires them, b) Take steps to phase out the position of County 1) Develop a balance and variety of land uses in such
Superintendent of Schools, placing the rural schools under a manner that will fulfill the behavior patterns of individuals,
the administration of the appropriate District Superintendent, institutions,families, and firms of the area.
(Each school maintaining its own Board of Trustees) for the 2) Maintain an agricultural atmosphere and economic
purpose of offering better educational resources, c) Take base for the area.
necessary steps to offering better educational resources. 3) Promote and develop a sufficient amount and ade-
d) This committee would like to see a stronger liason be- quate housing for all.
tween city, rural and parochial schools.
4) Career Education (Vo-Tech): a) Adult education 4) Offer a creative design and insure individuality and
(Vo-Tech) is now ten years old and presently services about identity in housing types.
1500 people in the fields of career education and avocational 5) Establish a dynamic and safe circulation system
interests, b) The Career Education program should be that will accommodate different activities of the area.
strongly encouraged by all segments of the community, 6) Preserve the natural environment in such a manner
even though it questions the"American Dream" that all that the physical development and natural environment can
should prepare for college, function inter-relatedly.
ADDITIONAL GOALS 7) Establish a dynamic system of community facili-
The following goals were suggested by various subcom- ties that will serve the community in the most proper manner,
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11
SCOPE
pvpulationThe scope of work herein includes a forecast of total pop-
ulation for each 1970 Gallatin County census division:
The inclusion of a population element within a compre- Bozeman, Bozeman Rural, Belgrade, Gallatin Gateway,
hensive plan is imperative; primarily due to its reliability in Manhattan, Three Forks, and West Yellowstone.The
measuring an areas past and future growth. To effectively county census divisions boundaries are outlined in Figure
forecast the population for the planning period, existing 1.The Planning period covered by this study is 1971-1990
trends must be analyzed. Information concerning the with year by year forecast to 1980 and point forecasts at
characteristics of the existing population are projected 1985 and 1990. Each forecast by census division has an
into the future based on economic and demographic para- upper limit, a lower limit,and a most likely forecast. In
meters. From population projections,the need for housing, addition to the above data, the census divisions of Bozeman
utilities, highways, major streets, and community facilities and Bozeman Rural were detailed into expected population
can be adequately planned, by age grouping and sex. The age groups are: under 5, 5 to
General) 9 years, 10 to 14 years, 15 to 19 years, 20 to 24 years, 25
y, population data is being constantly used in the development and evaluation of municipal services and to 34 years, 35 to 64 years and over.As in any projections
or forecast procedure,judgments and assumptions must be
facilities. They may be used to study the changing age com- made. Any change in these will, of course, affect the re-
position of an area in order to evaluate the impact on local sulting forecast. It is the opinion that all judgments, assump-
services. tions,and procedures used are reasonable in light of historic,
Because of the relative significance of population pro- current, and expected conditions and that the results re-
jections, it was necessary to select a competent firm exper• fleet the dynamics of change in Gallatin County,
fenced in sophisticated projection methods. It was agreed
upon by the City-County Planning Board that T.A.P. Inc., BACKGROUND DATA AND METHODOLOGY RELATING
of Bozeman met such requirements and thus were selected TO TOTAL POPULATION 21
to provide such a study. The following is a synopsis of that The Bureau of Census historic population for Gallatin
stud County and the included county census divisions are out-
y lined in Table 1 4F
Table 1 Population- 1930- 1970
Table 3 FORECAST - COUNTY CENSUS DIVISION county
TOTAL POPULATION UPPER, MOST LIKELY & Census Division 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970
Gallatin
LOWER LIMITS, 1971-1980, 1985 & 1990 County 16,124 18,269 21,902 26,045 32,505
..oanty Census D'va 1971 1972 1975 7960 1985 1990 Bozeman 6,855 8,655 11,325 13,361 18,670
Bo2EMAN Bozeman
Uoue L:n 19.101 20.424 22,769 79.160 35,969 42.379 Rural NA NA NA 4.087- 4,029-
az ar:Like y 19.508 20,024 21,685 2F.944 32.346 36,940
Losti L�i,1 19.313 19.624 20.601 23.603 26,585 29,558 Belgrade NA NA NA 2,446 2,951
BOZEMAN RURAL Gallatin
Ubve� L.: ,, 4.234 4,367 4.863 6.302 7,721 9,121 Gateway NA NA NA 1,019 1,469
.r 1 L,kr.ly 4,192 4,281 4,631 5,819 6943 7,952
Lowr Limn 4.150 4,196 4.399 5,097 5,725 6.362 Manhattan NA NA NA 2,575 2,448
BELGRADE Three Forks NA NA NA 1,958 1,839
U11111 L 1 3.141 3.240 3.550 4.425 5.333 6.309
%lost Likely 3,110 3,176 3,381 4.086 4.796 5,500 West
Lowe: L:m,1 3079 3,112 3.212 3.579 3.957 4400 Yellowstone NA NA NA 599 1,099
GALLATIN GATEWAY
Upper L,-T 1.571 1.620 1,813 2.326 2,690 3.018 *The reason for the notable reduction of population of
Most Likely 11,539 1,556 1.641 2,148 2.996 2,631 Bozeman Rural census division between 1960 and 1970 is
Lowe.Limit 1,539 F,556 1.645 1,862 1,996 2.105
MANFSATTAN primarily attributed to annexed land to the City of Bozeman.
Uppe: L,m,t 2.493 2,500 7.470 2.604 2,796 3085 Prior to the 1960 Census, population data was recorded
Most Likely 2,468 2.451 2.362 2404 2,514 2,690
Lower Lam., 2ml 2.402 2,234 2.306 7,074 2.152 based on precincts;and any comparison of county census
THREE FORKS division data with precinct data in areas other than Bozeman
Upper L—T 1,844 2,831 2.891 2,181 2,397 2.M2 and the total county is impossible, Thus, no census division
Most Lrkaly 1,826 7,795 1.801 2,014 2,156 2,391 totals appear in the other five divisions from 1930 to 1950.
Lower L-it 1,808 1,759 1,711 1,764 1,179 1913
WEST YELLOWSTONE The historic and projected population figures for the
Uppa, L.—t 1,162 1.162 1,235 1,454 1,696 1920 Bozeman and Bozeman Rural divisions must be analyzed
Most Likely 1.150 1.129 1,176 1,343 1.52E 1,674 with special understanding. As the City of Bozeman annexed
Lrn•�er Lmr1 1,138 1,1}g 1,177 1,176 1,258 7,339
populated areas,the relationship between the divisions
changes independent of normal population factors. This
occurred between 1960 and 1970 and will undoubtedly
occur in the future.The forecasts of these two divisions in
this study necessarily assume no boundary changes. There is,
gfLEi NM9C
of course, no accurate method of anticipating annexed areas
nor their timing.
„RR One major factor which influences the population level
'OAFS of Bozeman and Gallatin County is Montana State Univer-
MANHMUF 8O2FMA, sity, The results of a recently completed student enrollment
p Oi£MAN forecast are_contained in Table 2. The estimated growth of
student enrollment is projected to be relatively stable
Galt A,N
�ATEw^* throughout the period from 1970 to 1980, reaching a
peak of approximately 8,692 students in 1978.
Net migration was then calculated using recorded birth,
death, and total population. To arrive at an adjustment fac-
tor which considered planned and expected development
.e owsioNe activity extraneous to the base forecast, occupational back-
ground employment data was utilized. An analysis was made
of the Gallatin County population levels of eleven occupa-
tional categories listed by the Bureau of Census for the
years 1950. 1970. Estimates were then made of the future
rates of change based on this analysis and forecast of de-
cline and growth in similar categories, as done in recent
22 studies in the Pacific Northwest and the upper Mid-West.
These rates of change for the occupational classifications
were then used to project future population levels. The
rates of change range from a negative 3.4 percent to a
positive 5.4 percent. The negative end of the scale was
mainly due to the decrease in farm and ranch occupations.
The positive end of the scale was mainly attributed to the
increase in professional and service industries. These rates
of change for the occupational classifications were then
used to project future population levels. From this employ-
Figure 2 ment data, an annual total population figure was computed
GALLATIN COUNTY POPULATION GROWTH based on this historic relationship of total population as a
1971 — 1990 function of total employment.
BACKGROUND DATA AND METHODOLOGY RELATING
TO COUNTY CENSUS DIVISION TOTAL POPULATION
320 An analysis was made of historical population relationship
-° of each of the divisions of the county. This revealed a strong
'90 statistical trend foi-only the Bozeman division. A lineal line
° was fitted to the historic Bozeman and projected to 1980.
inn
U.>.,., With the historic relationships of the remaining six cen-
«t sus divisions tempered by the identification of growth areas,
a matrix was developed for year-by-year percentage dis-
tribution of the remaining county population. The principal
-- "° growth divisions in the county were judged to be Bozeman,
° Bozeman Rural, Belgrade, and Gallatin Gateway.
A° The trend was altered downward slightly beyond 1980 as
the population of the county became larger.This is primarily
due to the projected development occurring outside the
Oil G wv 2fi
- �_ ---• - -- —•— '_._`w rF�W „ Bozeman area after 1980.The Bozeman census division has
,°„ 'M ,ypy ,OM ,9,5 1g76 tp)) 19S9 1979 19W 1�R5 ,�w been, and is projected to continue to account for approxi-
mately 60%of the county population.
BACKGROUND DATA AND METHODOLOGY and secondary school enrollment capacity.
RELATING TO AGE AND SEX DISTRIBUTION The age-sex breakdown (pyramid - Figure 3) is repre-
Birth rates, death rates, and migration determine the sentative of a qualitative pattern of population distribution
growth or decline of any population,sometimes character, which deals with the attributes by which individuals or
ized with the movement of that population in contrast to groups may be characterized. In this category,concern is
its structure.The characteristic groupings which make up wit': the attributes of people, not the environment. An
the peculiar structure of the population at any particular attribute (a specific quality of the population) may be of
time or its changing structure over a period are known as use when it is discovered there is a connection between it
its composition. Of these groupings, none are more impor- and the behavior,attitudes, motivations,or aspirations of
tant than age and sex. It is essential that particular attention individuals or groups.
be paid to the age and sex of populations in order to plan The general past trends in sex distribution in Montana
for the necessities of that population over a continuous and the county census divisions indicate a slow evening out
period of time. For example,the impact of population of male female ration of population. The percent of the total
growth on public facilities is being witnessed in communities Gallatin County population that is male has moved from
throughout the country. The age breakdown of school child- 52.2 ,ircent in 1930 to 51.1 percent in 1970.The census
ren coupled with the fertility rate of childbearing women divisions show very similar patterns. This "evening" trend
can be used to gain an understanding of future elementary was assumed to continue through 1990,
Table 2 MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY ENROLLMENT RESIDENT& NON-RESIDENT STUDENTS*
Actual Projected
Student 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 23
Resident 6,766 6,867 6,967 6,988 7,001 7,052 7,098 7,118 7,110 7,095
Non-Resident 1,347 1,444 1,540 1,545 1,548 1,559 1,569 1,574 1,572 1,568
TOTAL 8,113 8,311 8,507 8,533 8,549 8,611 8,667 8,692 8,682 8,663
*As obtained from Montana State University, April 1972_
Figure 3 AGE—SEX DISTRIBUTION, BOZEMAN 1972 AGE—SEX DISTRIBUTION,GALLATIN.COUNTY 1972
Age 65 65 and
&over over
35-64 35-64
2534 25-34
20-24 I 20-24
i
i
15-19 € 15-19
Males i Females Males Females
1a1a 10-14
5-s I 5-9
under 5
under 5 �
Population 22 t8 14 10 8 6 4 2 2 4 6 8 10 14 18 22
in hundreds 20 16 12 12 16 20 44 40 36 32282420 16 12 8 4 4 8 12t6 2024 28 32 364044
MINORITY POPULATION racial segregation and inequalities in employment, income,
The total number of minorities (Negro, Indian,Japanese, housing, and other necessary amenities. Many metropolitan
Chinese, Filipino, and other) is exceptionally small in Gal- places have areas where minorities are concentrated in older
latin County.This small number is primarily attributable to portions of the city which is primarily due to the income
the lack of industrialism within the county- Usually,areas levels and a host of cultural aspects. Because of the small
that have moderate to large concentrations of industrial size of the minority population, the social and cultural
operations also have a correspondingly large percentage of problems common to other metropolitan areas are absent
minorities within their population working as unskilled within Gallatin County,
laborers. As indicated by the preceding chart, there are a total of
Table 4 DISTRIBUTION OF MINORITY POPULATION* 302 individuals of minority races within the county.Seventy-
GALLATIN COUNTY seven percent are situated inside the Bozeman city limits,
y OF OF TOTAL with the next largest percent (7.9) located in the Bozeman
PLACE NON-WHITE NON-WHITE POPULATION WHITE Rural division, This concentration is due primarily to employ-
BOzeman 234 77.5 0,73 18.436 ment or academic connections with Montana State University.
Bozeman Rural 24 7,9
Bozem 234 77.5 0.73 18,436 FINDINGS
Bozeman Rand 24 7.9 0.07 4,005
8clgrade 10 3.3 003 2,041
Gal Ealln(gateway 10 3.3 003 1,459
IL7anhattan 9 3.0 0.02 2,439 1- Gallatin County has experienced an enormous
Three Forks 1s 5.0 005 1,824 growth during the past few decades. This growth is expected
West ye00wso0ne 0 0.0 0.00 i 099
to continue through 1990.
TOTALS 302 100.0 0.03 32.203
2 2. Minority population in the county has always been
4
Associated with large concentrations of unskilled minor- significantly small and is not expected to change in the near
:ties in the dominant white urban class, are problems of future.
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