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G083-Master Plan-Bozeman Area Master Plan(1983)
0 ao w L m m D � o Z Z t� W 00 O w N m D az rn v , D r � � III�r . L1 � I BOZEMAN CITY COUNTY PLANNING BOARD -a L 411 EAST MAIN P.O.BOX 640,BOZEMAN,MONTANA,59715 PHONE:(406)586-3321 To whom it may concern: This revision of the Bozeman Area Master Plan represents countless hours of study, listening and debate by the members of the Bozeman City-County Planning Board. The professional staff has taken special efforts to present the Plan and its elements to all in- terested local organizations to address any concerns or questions that the groups may have had. On April 28, 1983 the Bozeman City-County Planning Board conducted a public hearing on the proposed Plan at which time public testimony was welcomed. Both the written and oral testimony from that hearing was reviewed in detail and used to prepare the final document for consideration by the Bozeman City Commission and Gallatin County Commission. The revised Bozeman Area Master Plan was adopted by local governing bodies on December 12, 1983 and November 8, 1983 respectively. The content of the revised Bozeman Area Master Plan recognizes the unique qualities and problems experienced by Bozeman and its jurisdictional area. The document's goals and policies suggest that we strive to preserve those qualities and further suggests means by which many of the problems may be resolved. To insure the document will keep in step with the future needs of the Bozeman area, the Plan will be reviewed and updated by the Planning Board on three year intervals. The Bozeman City-County Planning Board will continue to welcome public testimony and input as the needed documents are prepared to address the concerns generated by the goals and policies. The Board members extend their sincere thanks and gratitude to those that have participated in the planning process and hope their efforts have served to keep the Bozeman area a place of quality to live. Sincerely yours, a, s� Joel A. Shouse, Chairman Bozeman City-County Planning Board i A CKNO WLEDGEMENTS This list of acknowledgements should not be viewed as a list of everyone who was involved in the development of this Master Plan. For those whose names are not mentioned, we would like to thank them for all of their help and cooperation. Gallatin County Commissioners Bozeman Zoning Commission Joy Nash, Chairman Roger Craft, Chairman Ruth Mary Tonn Bob Soper, Vice Chairman Wilbur Visser Jim Banks John DeHaas Ted Metzger Bozeman City-County Planning Board Jeff Rupp Joel Shouse, Chairman Dick Shanahan James Craig, Vice-Chairman Steve Custer Bob Hawks Bozeman City Commission Dennis Jordan Al Stiff, Mayor Dan Kamp Ann Anderson Harold Lindvig Judy Mathre Don McLaughlin Mary Van't Hul Ray White Ken Weaver Planning Staff John Moss, Director Steve L.cre, Sr. Planner Mike Money, Sr. Planner Katie Morris, Graphics Planning Tech. Martha Hodder, Pl. Tech. Kathy Ball, PI. Tech. Jim Hanson, Intern Lisa Volf, Secretary Special Appreciation To Members of the: Citizen Advisory Committees League of Women Voters Past City & County Commissioners Past Planning Board Members Montana State University 470 - Geographical Planning Class (MSU) ii C'0` ��' � ,� ��Nc � �J� � TS � s JI rt� 1 a. �i �A .1 f r 40 li p r �i � . r TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES Figure No.&Title (Section-Page) (Section -Page) 1 MSU Campus Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 2-5 SECTION I Summary of Bozeman Area 2 Slope Map . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I . . . . . 3-7 3 Geology Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. .. . . . . . . . . 3-8 Master Plan ... ............ ....... ... 1-1 4 Geologic Constrants Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-9 5 Soil Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . ..3-10 6 Hydrology Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-11 SECTION II Background of the Plan 7 Bozeman Water Supply System . .. . .. .. .. . . . .3-22 History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 8 Sanitary Sewer Service Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-23 9 Sewer Collection System . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . .. .3-24 The Impact of Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1 IU Soil Potential Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-30 Planning for Development 11 Urban Impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ... . . . . . . .3-31 in the Bozeman Area . . . . .. .. . . . . . . 2-1 12 Transportation Plan (City) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-13 Past Comprehensive Plans . . . .. . . . . . . . . 2-1 13 Transportation Plan(Jurisdictional Area) . . . . .4-14 Summaries of Existing Plans . . . . . . . . . . . 2-2 City Land Use Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Packet Jurisdictional Area Land Use Plan . . . . . . . . . . . .Packet SECTION III Plan Elements Environmental Resources . .. .. . . . . . . . . . .. . 3-1 Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6 Housing . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-15 Economics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-17 Public Facilities and Services . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .3-20 LIST OF TABLES Parks, Recreation and Open Space . . . . . . . . . .3-26 Existing Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-27 Table No.&Title (Section-Page) 1 Geologic Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2 2 Soil Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4 SECTION IV The Development Plan 3 Population Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-12 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 4 Population by Planning Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-12 5 Age Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-13 Questions, Issues and Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1 6 Natural Increase and Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-14 Goals and Policies . . . . . .. . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . 4-2 7 Percent Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-15 Land Use Plan . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 4-5 8 Population Projections . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . .3-15 Land Use Plan and Classifications . . . . . . 4-6 9 Housing inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-16 Public Lands Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9 10 Housing Composition . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-16 Community Facilities Plan . . . . . . . . . .. . .4-10 11 Housing Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-17 12 Non-Farm Economic Base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .3-18 Transportation Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4-IU 13 Bozeman Water Availability and Demand Projections . .. . .. . . . . . . . .3-25 14 Park Acreage Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3-27 SECTION V Implementation 15 Land Use Evaluation System . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 4-8 Zoning and Subdivision Regulations . . . . . .. . 5-1 Building Codes . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . 5-1 Annexation Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1 Financial Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1 Summary of Responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2 Review and Amendments . . . . . . . . . . . . I . . . . . 5-3 iii NO Z X- -Y-- 1 IJ11, �1� 'ttf .d �� �, � � PO W lif Al .000 Pei gleam M3 SECTION I SUMMARY OF BOZEMAN AREA MASTER PLAN This document provides a series of goals and grow to a size comparable to Vail, Aspen, Sun Valley, policies established by community input and the etc., during the next 15 years; if the Bozeman area at- Bozeman City-County Planning Board.These goals and tracts new industries employing at least 700 to 800 peo- policies relate to such concerns as: Residential Develop- ple, and if Montana State University increases enroll- ment, Public Facilities, Natural Resources, Economic ment to about 17,000, then the Bozeman area popula- Development, and Energy Conservation. Section l is an tion should increase to about 41,000 people by the year abbreviated summary of the Plan. The summary pro- 2000. Population of Bozeman and the planning area vides an overview for the person who can not take the was 17,128 in 1980; it is currently about 28,310. time to review the entire document, and it will help the There are about 7,000 acres subdivided for de- person who may have an interest only in limited areas of velopment in the planning area outside the city and out- the Plan. side the design area for the Bozeman sewer system. De- The Master Plan contains summaries of special mand per the above population projections suggest purpose plans for the Bozeman area. These include the there will be about 1,240 new homes built in this area by Bozeman Wastewater Facility Plan, the Areawide Water the year 2000. It is not likely the building lots for these Plan for Bozeman, the Water Rate Evaluation for the new homes will occupy more than about 2,000 acres. City of Bozeman, Stormwater Master Plan for the City There is much more land subdivided than will be re- of Bozeman, Housing Element, Bozeman Park and quired by these new homes. Recreation Inventory and Work Plan, Outdoor Recrea- A concern or problem is there is not enough tion - Open Space Plan for Gallatin County, Bozeman development in present subdivisions so that the people Transportation Plan, Montana State University Plan can afford to maintain and keep up the roads and other for Campus Development, Final Report for the improvements, and the population projections do not Bozeman Public Schools,the Bozeman Central Business suggest there will be enough development in the future District Study, and the Blue Ribbons of Big Sky Water to solve this problem. Quality Management Plan. As background data to form a basis for the Plan, the Master Plan contains studies of LARGE LOT DEVELOPMENT WITHIN energy conservation, environmental resources, geology, CENTRAL FACILITIES SERVICE AREA soils, hydrology, population, housing, the economic base, agricultural land use, manufacturing, Montana Large lot development with on-site sewer and water has taken place within the planned Bozeman central State University's impact on the area, bicycle transpor_ cation, parks and recreation. Background studies con- sewer and water service area. This will tend to stop the elude with a detailed tabulation and analysis of the extension of central sewer and water facilities; it will distribution of land uses in the area for residential hoes- retard the growth of the entire urban area; it will fin- ing, retail business, public activities, manufacturing and crease the cost paid by all people for facilities and ser- vices, and it will eventually have a negative impact on industry, and agriculture. Relationships drawn from review of the existing special purpose plans and back- the local economy. ground studies support projections of future population Should development in these areas be controlled and economic conditions. unless central sewer and water has been made available? Some questions, issues and problems identified in This Master Plan recommends development be restrict- the Master Plan are: ed until central sewer and water has been constructed. VACANT SUBDIVISIONS AND UNUSED DEVELOPMENT WITH ON-SITE SEWER FACILITIES AND WATER Population growth in the Bozeman area the past 20 On the average, the regulations will allow devel- years has been quite rapid, and the outlook for future opment of about one dwelling unit per acre with on-site economic and population growth are encouraging. But, sewer and water. This generally will not create a prob- prospects for the future are definitely limited. If Big Sky lem or contaminate surface or ground water. However, and other developments of similar impact on Bozeman over a large area, it is possible that development at 114 1-1 acres per dwelling could create the potential for ground may be noted that modification to control misuse or cx- water pollution. It is possible that if most of the vacant emptions to the state subdivision law could be an impor- subdivision lots in the planning area were developed tant action to help. It is also noted this Master Plan there could be surface and ground water pollution prob- recommends consideration of development density ferns in some areas. There are presently some problems transfer to provide a method of compensation to owners with well water quality in smaller lot subdivision areas of land for which development may not be possible. near Bozeman. Measures such as requiring that septic tanks be pumped and flushed every 12 to 18 months BOZEMAN HAS UNIQUE NATURAL BEAUTY might help reduce the potential problem;however, there The beauty of the city of Bozeman and the Gallatin is a possibility that once ground water is polluted, it will Valley is a valuable resource. The area is truly unique. remain polluted for an extended period of time. The people have done a good job of protecting these re- Should the Master Plan control development with sources, but some of the uniqueness has been destroyed; on-site sewer and water to prevent possible problems? some has been damaged, and some is being threatened. This Master Plan supports development controls. Bozeman and the Gallatin Valley are not likely to con- tinue to grow and develop as a tourist, cultural and BASIC FACILITIES MUST BE DESIGNED employment center unless their amenities are protected. FOR THE FUTURE Should the Master Plan provide for protection of views and vistas such as the top of Sourdough Ridge and Major expansion of the Bozeman Wastewater Story Hills; should it restrict building heights to prevent Treatment Facility has been completed. The expansion blocking of views; should it provide for the protection is designed to serve a population of some 36,000 people. of floodplains and stream banks; should it protect and Population served was 21,645 by the 1980 Census. The enhance historic resources; should it provide for the present 1983 population served is estimated to be 22,457 protection of ground and surface water quality; should people, and the projected year 2000 population to be it provide for protection of wildlife winter range areas; served is 32,853 people. It is concluded the facility will should it prevent development of steep slopes,landslide- have sufficient capacity well into the twenty-first cen- prone areas, fault zones and productive agricultural tury. Since wastewater treatment facilities generally land, and should it prevent strip commercial develop- operate more effectively and efficiently near design merit and the carnival appearance generally associated capacity, and since per capita costs will tend to decrease with such development on approaches to the city? This dramatically with increase in population served, it is Master Plan concludes that one of the Bozeman area's also concluded that encouragement of development most important resources is its natural beauty. This within the sewer service area will benefit the entire resource must be protected. The answer is yes to all the Bozeman area. previously stated questions. There arc 25 goals and 47 policies in the Master URBAN SPRAWL INTERFERES WITH Plan that provide a basis for planning decisions. AGRICULTURE The issues, problems and questions, and the goals If new residential development in the jurisdictional and policies to a Land Use Plan with four major desig- area from 1982 through 2000 is at the density of present nations: development, 1.41 acres per dwelling, the 1,240 new 1. The area within the city limits of Bozeman is homes will occupy about 1,748 acres of land. This is not proposed to develop at city densities with a large amount of land considering the area is about growth occurring as public facilities arc ex- 52,000 acres, and it is not likely to remove large areas of panded. land from agricultural use since about 27,947 acres are 2. The proposed sewer service area extends in agricultural use. approximately one mile around the city limits. A problem, however, is that several thousand acres Development in this area is to be restricted to 20 are likely to have their agricultural use potential acres per dwelling unit to prevent the city from eliminated or severely limited as a result of speculative becoming surrounded by large lot devel- subdivision activity, scattered subdivisions and dis- opments. An overlay zoning district is shown on persed developments. Some 9,822 acres may already be the jurisdictional area land use plan and considered to have had their agricultural use potential designates higher density urban land use in the severely impacted because they are adjacent to subdivid- service area when the area connects to central ed and/or developed land on at least two sides. Another City services or package sewer disposal systems. 6,727 acres are in parcels less than 80 acres in size, and 3. All other subdivided areas are designated as this limits their agricultural use potential. About 17,969 rural development nodes. These areas are en- acres have not had their agricultural use potential im- couragcd to develop at the highest density al- pacted by scattered development. lowed by State Health Department require- This Master Plan supports prevention of scattered ments.The increased development in these areas residential development to help preserve and protect would provide for cost effective services and agricultural land and activities.This policy will also help would provide incentives for filling the vacant assure more efficient public facilities and services. It lots in existing subdivisions. 1-2 4. Undeveloped rural lands with no physical con- In addition to allocating planned land use objec- straints are allowed to develop at a density of 20 tively,the numerical evaluation system removes the pos- acres per dwelling unit. sibility of treating any one tract of land or area of land A numerical evaluation system was utilized in different from any other. It is fair to all; it is objective, preparing the jurisdictional area land use plan map.The and it is easy to apply and understand. numerical evaluation system includes five major areas The Master Plan concludes that all communities of concern for determining land use in the jurisdictional may have problems, but that problems must be identi- area. These are: fied, recognized and understood before they can be I. Public facilities and services, solved. The Plan says by solving problems, it is possible 2. Transportation network, to decide the kind of community there will be in the 3. Physical and environmental impacts, future. Plan implementation is to be based on an annual 4. Conservation of agricultural land and preserva- review of the Planning Board's budget each year. tion of agricultural activities, and Review and update of the Master Plan is to be under- S. Effects on the surrounding area. taken every three years. 1-3 Cull W7,1 drol I I 1 0)U4 i Fit YD) 04F p � AkNANY r- 51 1 . SECTION II BACKGROUND FOR THE PLAN HISTORY The growth and development of Bozeman must be discouraging development where public facilities and compared to the background of early development services can not be economically provided. It calls for throughout Gallatin County. higher densities where subdivisions have been developed Settlers began moving into the Gallatin Valley after with streets and other improvements installed in order the Lewis and Clark Expedition in 1805. Their numbers to encourage full use of these facilities. It allows for increased significantly during the 1850's and 1860's. higher densities to encourage expansion of central urban Bozeman became the focal point of county activity and facilities where engineering plans provide for expansion. was named the county seat in 1867. The development of The zoning regulations seek to protect agricultural ac- the Bozeman Trail, a more suitable route for travelers tivities by discouraging sprawl development. It also from the Midwest to gold camps in the West, also im- aims to encourage improved public services and facili- proved the position of Bozeman as a major trading tics at less cost. It encourages economic growth and post. The highly productive soils throughout the valley development by providing for an attractive, orderly produced a variety of agricultural products with community. Bozeman serving as a major distribution point to na- With few exceptions, Gallatin County and Boze- tional markets. Recognizing the importance of the city's man City officials have insisted that the Master Plan be strategic location, the United States Army established used to help make decisions affecting the community. Fort Ellis, a military outpost, three miles east of As a clear and concrete policy, a formal Master Plan Bozeman in 1867. The extension of railroads to Amendment Procedure was adopted in 1981 to meet the Bozeman in the 1880's and the development of many ever-changing needs of the Bozeman area. local flour mills made Bozeman a strong agricultural marketing hub, a vital service point and a center of PLANNING FOR DEVELOPMENT IN THE governmental administration. Bozeman was chosen as BOZEMAN AREA the site for the Montana College of Agriculture in 1893. Past Comprehensive Plans THE IMPACT OF PLANNING The efforts of the Bozeman City-County Planning Board to prescribe land use recommendations to the Neither Bozeman nor any other community just local governing bodies originated in 1955 when the first happens to develop at their locations. They are estab- municipal planning board was formed. The City lished because of plans and decisions carried out by peo- adopted its first zoning ordinance in 1941. The new ple. Plans for the city and surrounding area have pro- planning board encouraged the adoption of the first vided a framework for construction and extension of subdivision regulations in 1956. In April of 1958, S. R. the city's public facilities in an orderly and cost-effective Deboer & Company (planning consultants from manner since the middle of the 1950's. Denver, Colorado) prepared Bozeman's first master Subdivision regulations were adopted by the City plan. It included studies on transportation, street plan- and County in the 1950's and 1960's. These regulations ing,zoning districts,parks and recreation,schools,park set standards for public facilities planning and construe- roads and sanitation and health. tion when new development takes place. They have con- The 1958 Master Plan predicted Bozeman would tributed immeasurably to the efficiency of the corn- have a population of 18,000 people by 1970. The 1970 munity's public services and facilities,and have been the Census showed 18,670 people living in Bozeman, thus moving force in producing a more functional and at- proving its master plan projections to be quite accurate. tractive community. The 1958 plan focused on the development of a Zoning was extended to the three-mile extratcrri- transportation and street plan. Many present-day streets torial boundary around the city of Bozeman in 1973. It were constructed based on that plan. The plan did not requires at least ten acres per dwelling unit as a means of include a land use plan or a comprehensive plan for 2-1 future land use. The major recommendations of the the master plan and zoning regulations before plan were to adopt a master street plan,adopt a subdivi- approval. sion control ordinance and adopt a master zoning plan. 3. In the area identified for expansion of the City's In 1960, the Planning Board updated and revised central sewer and water services, the plan the major street plan. The update was somewhat unique recommends that development be discouraged because it included a detailed layout of proposed until those services are extended to the property. arterial and collector streets for the entire jurisdictional The agricultural suburban zoning designation is area. 1t included an inner loop road system comprised used to require 10 acres per dwelling unit, with of Highland Boulevard, Kagy Boulevard, 19th Avenue rezoning to a higher density when facilities and Oak Street. It also included an outer loop system beeome available. that encircled the city of Bozeman. In July of 1975, the Bozeman Area Growth Study In 1960, the Planning Board also: was completed by the Bozeman City-County Planning 1. Prepared a draft ordinance to update the city Staff. subdivision regulations, This study provides an overview of the reasons for 2. Recommended that county subdivision regula- growth in the Bozeman area and the effects this growth tions be adopted, and as such, drafted a model, has had on the community. 3. Prepared a draft industrial ordinance, The major emphasis of the study is the effect urban 4. Recommended the enactment of the transition growth has on providing cost-effective public services overlay district and and facilities.This includes a growth study cost analysis 5. Recommended county zoning for the jurisdic- and a growth study revenue analysis of four possible tional area. growth situations the city and jurisdictional area could The draft zoning regulations for the jurisdictional area possibly encounter. The findings of the study list three excluded building and development within 75 feet of all growth alternatives: streams and prohibited building on any slope greater 1. Contained growth, than 30 percent. The maximum zoning outside the cen- 2. Peripheral growth, and tral sewer and water district was proposed to be 10 acres 3. Selective growth, with a recommendation on per dwelling unit. which of these alternatives may be best suited In September of 1967, the Bozeman City-County for the Bozeman area. Planning Board hired the first city-county planner. In Summaries of Existing Plans 1972, a revised master plan for the city was completed. Wastewater Facility Plan The 1972 plan was the first master plan for the city The plan for wastewater collection and treatment to include a comprehensive land use plan and land use was completed in September of 1978 by the engineering maps for both the city and the jurisdictional area. consultant firm of Thomas, Dean and Hoskins, Inc. The plan included an extended set of goals and ob- The 1978 Facilities Plan includes a complete de- jectives that were formulated by a group of planning ad- scription of the wastewater treatment system and an visory committees. These goals were presented in the evaluation of the system to determine future needs. It plan but were never officially adopted by the governing identifies a number of alternatives for expanding the bodies. treatment facilities to meet population needs through The 1972 plan includes sections on population, the year 2000. It evaluates the advantages and disadvan- housing, physiographic constraints, economics, parks tages of each alternative as well as the estimated con- and recreation, transportation and an existing land use struction and operating costs. The plan then recom- study. It concludes with a set of recommendations and mends the most desirable alternative in relation to cost suggests strongly they be followed during the implemen- effectiveness. tation procedure: Maps of the proposed sewer service area, existing 1. Rural development nodes corresponding closely treatment facilities, and proposed improvements are in- to present development and subdivided lands eluded in the document. are identified. In these areas, the plan recom- mends development at the highest densities per- Area Wide Water Plan for mitted with individual wells and septic tanks. It Bozeman, Montana also suggests the appropriate zoning designa- The Area Wide Water Plan for Bozeman was com- tions to obtain desired densities. pleted in May of 1973 by the engineering consultant 2. The plan identifies undeveloped rural lands and firm of Thomas, Dean and Hoskins, Inc. recommends that development of these lands be Its purpose was to determine the need for water discouraged. A density of 10 acres per dwelling facilities in all urban areas within the jurisdictional area. unit has been established for the purpose of It includes sections on supply, transmission, treatment, discouraging development in these areas. The storage and distribution. The study contains a descrip- subdivision regulations and the AS, Agricultural tion of the existing facilities, a discussion of design Suburban Zoning District, are used to imple- criteria for immediate needs, a five-to ten-year plan and ment this plan policy. This Agricultural Subur- a long-range plan. ban zone requires 10 acres per dwelling unit,and A "Capital improvements Program" in Section III subdivision plans are required to conform with discusses a financial plan for water system im- 2-2 provemcnts and tabulates the amount of money that is eludes an estimate of land requirements to satisfy future needed for anticipated construction and operation. The housing needs in Bozeman. plan includes maps of the existing water system as well The following are findings of the 1978 study: as proposed improvements that are to be made to the 1. Almost one-half of all single-family houses are system in the future. being built outside the city. The plan is for a 20-year period, but many of the 2. Land investment and speculation are creating a improvements considered in the report have a life expec- haphazard growth pattern of urban sprawl. tancy far beyond that time period. 3. Housing construction costs have increased due to materials cost increases. Water Rate Evaluation for the 4. Housing finance costs have risen astronomical- City of Bozeman ly. This has driven up the average monthly hous- ing cost at a rate faster than the average wage The Water Rate Evaluation was completed in with the result that a smaller percentage of peo- December of 1977 by Thomas, Dean and Hoskins, Inc. plc can afford housing. Its purpose is to evaluate the existing rate structure 5. The rental market has grown steadily. to determine the changes that are necessary for financ- ing construction of needed improvements, and suggests Bozeman Park and Recreation Inventory and a method of financing improvements to the operation of Work Plan the water system. The Bozeman Area Work Plan was completed in This plan updates the "Area Wide Water Plan of 1975 by the Bozeman City-County Planning Staff. May, 1973." It contains an evaluation of the present The plan is an analysis of inventories and surveys system and a program for improvements. It also sug- developed to determine community recreational needs gests an expansion program that is consistent with the and adequacy of the existing facilities to fulfill the pres- 1974 and 1978 Facilities Plans. ent as well as the future needs. It has led to the form- Stormwater Master Plan for the ulation of development recommendations and plans for City of Bozeman each park or park area within the Bozeman area. The study includes sections on: A Stormwater Master Plan was completed in the 1. Inventories of public and private parks and summer of 1982 by Thomas, Dean and Hoskins. Inc. recreation in Bozeman and its jurisdictional The purpose of this document is to provide a prac- area, tical master plan for the storm drainage improvements. 2. Park standards, The plan evaluates those areas identified in the city's 3. Individual assessment of all parks in Bozeman 1972 land use plan programmed for residential growth and its jurisdictional area. for at least the next 20 years and plans the drainage Outdoor Recreation-Open Space Plan for systems accordingly. Gallatin County The plan includes: 1. An analysis of the impact of runoff on water The Outdoor Recreation-Open Space Plan was quality, completed in October of 1979 by the Gallatin County 2. Recommendations on criteria for the design, Subdivision Review Office. location and type of improvements needed to The plan contains a detailed inventory and descrip- serve new subdivisions, tion of all public and private park, recreation and 3. The general location and type of improvements school lands in Gallatin County. There is also an needed to expand the existing Bozeman storm analysis of past growth and development in Bozeman drain system to serve anticipated growth, and the jurisdictional area. 4. Recommendations on the type of treatment The plan produces eight findings and addresses six facilities needed to provide a safe and healthful major questions with recommendations for each of the environment—a suggested method of financing basic problems. the recommended improvements and annual Bozeman Transportation Plan maintenance, and The Bozeman Transportation Plan was completed 5. A proposed ordinance to provide control of the in January, 1982, by Clete Daily and Associates of storm drainage facilities. Helena, Montana, in cooperation with the Montana Department of Highways, Federal Highway Ad- Housing Element ministration, and the City of Bozeman. The Housing Element was completed in 1978 by the The plan evaluates the existing transportation Bozeman City-County Planning Staff. system for the City of Bozeman and reviews current The purpose of the study was to present informa- street and traffic conditions by using projected growth tion documenting the present and future housing needs information supplied by the Planning Staff in 1977; for the community. The plan is a comprehensive study future traffic patterns and transportation network prob- of population growth as well as housing types and con- lems were determined. ditions. It also evaluates the cost of housing and the The plan includes two scenarios of short-range and supply and demand of housing types. The study also in- long-term recommended improvements with proposed 2-3 funding plans for each scenario. A loop transportation versity's preferences for land use and provides a solu- system to access Montana State University and carry tion the university feels will benefit the campus and the traffic around, rather than through the city,is central to city. Three major land use designations are recognized the plan. The loop concept was formalized in the 1958 as being needed: R4 (multi-family housing); RT (Re- Master Plan, and it has been carried forward with each search-Technology); and B-1 (Neighborhood Business). update of the plan since that time. As part of the Transportation Plan, a "Bikeway Plan" was developed by Clete Daily and Associates for Final Report for Bozeman Public Schools the Department of Natural Resources and Conserva- The study of Bozeman public schools was com- tion. The plan is a bikeway map which shows the routes pleted in February, 1981, by the Blue Ribbon Commis- and recommended improvements such as signing, strip- lion. The commission was made up of 38 citizen ad- ing and the construction of exclusive bikeways. visory members appointed by the school board and a Master Plan for Campus Development team of professional consultants. These groups were (Montana State University) supplemented by graduate assistants from Montana The Campus Plan was completed by the Office of State University. These groups were assigned to seven Facilities Planning of Montana State University in sub-committees dealing with population, financing, March of 1982. facilities, administration, the elementary program, the The intent of the document is to record and analyze secondary program and auxiliary services. projected trends and changes in the University's aca- The study inventories existing schools in School demic programs; to identify elements of potential im- District 7 and offers current and projected student pact for future study, and to begin establishing guide- enrollments through the year 2000. Student enrollments lines for development of the campus. are projected to decline. The plan projects an enrollment of 14,000 students Most school facilities in Bozeman have room for by 1992 and 17,000 students by 1997. The Campus student expansion and with the prediction of a declining Master Plan produces three goals concerning the use of student population, the need for additional school campus land: facilities is not apparent in the foreseeable future. The study outlined the numerous auxiliary services 1. Campus development should be implemented available through School District Number 7 which con- with a recognition of further growth potential of sitts of The Adult and Community Education Program, both the university and the city of Bozeman. the Pupil Transportation Service, the Learning Media 2. Central campus development should continue to Services and The Special Education Program. It also in- provide an academic core in which pedestrian eluded recommendations for acquiring and establishing travel between most points will require no more future school and park sites. than seven or eight minutes. Bozeman Central Business District Study 3. Open space within the central campus should be In February, 1972, the Bozeman City-County Plan- preserved, emphasized and improved. ning Board, in conjunction with a group of downtown The Montana State University Land Use Map pro- businessmen, solicited proposals to study Bozeman's poses the following expansion zones (Figure 1): Central Business District in four specific areas: 1. Academic core 1. Marketability, 2. Events, services, research, housing and the 2. Circulation, museum south of the academic core 3. Parking, and a. Energy Village-a development to replace the 4. Design. faculty court The purpose of this joint effort was the preservation of b. Auxiliary Services - motor pool, central the central business district as the Bozeman area's receiving and purchasing, traffic and security business focal point. An offshoot of this effort was the and mail processing formation of the Downtown Development Association. 3. Growth 'Lone 1 - new married student housing The study was prepared by C.T.A. Architects, En- 4. Growth Zone 2 - academic core support gineers and Planners, Real Estate Research Corpora- development tion, and staff members of the City-County Planning 5. Growth Zone 3 -redevelopment of married stu- Board. The study suggested basic and practical pro- dent housing cedures for improving the appearance of the downtown 6. Growth Zone 4 - existing intramural fields area. Many of these suggestions have been accom- 7. West of Campus plished to the benefit of the entire Bozeman area. The a. Buffer zone along College Street study also suggested more philosophical long-range b. Growth "Lone 5 -married student housing ex- goals, including a downtown mall. (The fundamental pansion needs of the downtown area pinpointed were first, to One major area of development which will serve provide additional commercial business space and sec- both the campus and the community is the land south of ond, to provide an adequate number of well-located free Kagy Boulevard between South 11th and 19th Avenue. parking spaces.) The plan has led to an active and suc- A map in the campus plan identifies Montana State Uni- cessful program to provide free public parking. 2-4 m C BUFFER ZONE -j C.) a HOUSING s A 1 r� a W % 0 � 1 z 0 p !ARBORETUM LO HOUSING N ACADEMIC HOUSING Ir L W s z 1 o j 1 1 p o j GROWTH ZONE I j -' A AGRICULTURE RESEARCH INTRAMURALS j qt A o - AUXILIARY SERVICES a � 1 ENERGY VILLAGE 40 w U a EVENTS AND GREEK PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES HOUSING RESEARCH MUSEUM 1 1 1 1 1 j j PREFERRED B-I,R-4,AND TR ZONING j 1 j AUXILIARY SERVICES ................. � � � �.� � 1 2-S Blue Ribbons of Big Sky Water Quality long winters are the distinguishing characteristics of the Management Plan Bozeman area climate. This makes Bozeman uniquely The comprehensive area-wide study of water quali- suited to building earth-sheltered and superinsulated ty in the Madison and Gallatin River drainages was structures. It also concludes that high density residential begun in February, 1976. The study was sponsored by development such as multi-story apartments, condo- the Madison and Gallatin County governments in- miniums and townhouses are the most energy efficient eluding their incorporated cities and by the Madison of all residential developments. Because of Bozeman's and Gallatin Soil Conservation Districts. northern location and cloud patterns, a solar-heated The Blue Ribbon's study was intended to determine structure is not as suitable. the water quality of the lakes, streams and rivers in the In 1981, there were 4,000 fireplaces and wood- Madison and Gallatin River drainages, and what must burning stoves in the Bozeman area. Almost one-half of be done to insure their quality. The Water Quality these have been installed since 1976, resulting in a sur- Management Plan recommends a wide variety of alter- prising increase of visible air pollution. This increase in native actions including zoning to control development wood burning will affect the availability of firewood density, treatment of streams, and city-county planning and will undoubtedly result in increased wood prices. jurisdictional area plans and regulations to restrict Vehicle fuels represent over one-half of all energy development to the central sewer and water service expenditures in the Bozeman area. If energy savings are areas. to be made,greater decreases in personal transportation Energy Element for the Bozeman Area energy consumption will necessitate public involvement Master Plan in three essential areas: 1. Land use controls and incentives will have to The Energy Element was completed in June of 1982 prevent scattered development and encourage by an energy consultant employed by the City of Boze- higher density development with central urban man. facilities. The study deals with all aspects of energy use in the 2. Provisions will have to be made to provide for community. It includes studies relating recent consump- better bicycle and pedestrian transportation tion patterns to future energy prices, energy conserva- facilities. tion to land use planning, and energy costs to transpor- 3. Arterial streets will have to be improved to per- tation. mit the free flow of larger volumes of traffic. The study concludes that low temperatures and 2-6 1) Pt A I1 - --NW T sm ol - nsatw�s SECTION III PLAN ELEMENTS ENVIRONMENTAL. RESOURCES tcristics, can be an important determination of land use This section is a generalized survey of the area's development patterns. Less obvious characteristics of the substrata are natural environment. The information is taken from also important in area development plans. Material more detailed studies that have been completed for stability, depth of bedrock, surface water, depth of the Bozeman and its jurisdictional area. This overview iden- water table and many other physical factors contained tifies the more significant problems and issues in the in subsequent sections should also be considered in the relationships of urbanization and the natural environ- process of land use planning. men[. A geologic time span of over 4.5 billion years has Slope produced many events, all of which are not preserved Slope is defined as the degree of rise or fall or ex- completely within any one area. This section deals with pression of steepness over land surfaces. geologic units exposed in the Bozeman area (Figure 3). The degree of slope is very important in slope Regional Setting stability. Steep slopes often generate higher runoff velocity and are more susceptible to erosion than gentle The Gallatin Valley is near the southern border of the northern Rocky Mountain physiographic province slopes. Land instability from such factors as seismic hazards may also be extremely serious on slopes greater and is part of the Three Forks structural basin which is than 30 percent (Figure 2). one of the high intermontane basins that are The erosion hazard of slopes is influenced by soil characteristic of this province. texture, permeability, parent material and vegetative The Three Forks structural basin was probably cover. A gentle slope devoid of vegetation with shallow, formed in pre-Oligocene time. In the Oligocene and fine textured soils may have a higher erosion potential Moicenc time, there was tither a continuation of down- than asleep slope with medium textured soils and good faulting along one or more of the basic boundaries or a vegetative cover. down-warping of the basin. During the formation of the Topography is a significant determinant of devel- basin, through drainage was interrupted and many hun- opment suitability. Flat lands are usually the easiest and dreds of feet of sediments derived from the adjoining cheapest to develop, but may be flood-prone or prime highlands and from falling volcanic ash were deposited Ter- agricultural lands. These areas are best suited for urban under lacusterine and terrestial conditions. These Ter- uses which require a large flat surface for building and tiary strata constitute most of the valley fill. Resump- parking. As steepness increases, increased costs and lion of through drainage in late Tertiary time resulted in development limitations tend to diminish suitability for extensive erosion of these materials. A mantle of urban uses. alluvium was deposited in much of the basin during Although steepness is a valuable index to general Quaternary time. development suitability, site-specific suitability should Structure also be observed in terms of access, soil characteristics, The Bridger Range, a high linear mountain range slope stability, availability of services and other pertin- which bounds the Gallatin Valley on the east, extends cnt facts. The views associated with slopes and other from Bridger Creek to the head of Dry Creek. The notable topographic features often give an area its mountains are composed of rocks ranging in age from uniqueness and beauty. The land use plan map shows Precambrian to Cretaceous (Table 1). The Paleozoic areas of natural scenic vistas affecting the entire Boze- and Mesozoic rocks strike north-northwest, parallel to man area. It is suggested that these areas be preserved the axis of the range. They dip steeply to the east and in and protected through the use of view protection zoning places are overturned to the east. and through design of subdivisions to protect ridge top Several high-angle trust faults transect the Bridger and hillside areas. Innovative design may overcome Range. Most of them have an eastward trend. Normal these limitations. faulting along the west side of the Bridger Range is Geology believed to have elevated the range with respect to the Geology, along with other physiographic charac- valley. 3-1 0 i t a� y s O Y O c « o� c y � o a.�C � o•py °a t � C~�' C "' - �a ✓ r `� a� aki'o E�' o o A p6.�J O t� r � F �y a d '`Vk.• � �' �n°�� 't C� �i kr'I v1r'' vl.0 ° �v�.�.�.a a T• 1 r.a �C O O r• V ,� Vj° p C W C O 0 9Q O � a � w � u C'°'g V C'� c'po. Po• o° �• pp. b w v, V rn O 0.0 ,� m ^p j � !., ;. ? � �O o 0. y o o Vl a 0.0 � p vi a•a ` q.�r� `F.- aukl $ � '70.' ouC7 w•`N. w a ow �• Ea,QE 'y ° C LCG u i BJ vl V1�7 Li !. a 0 E r,� � Y o u � o � •� O - O F a a E Y a o;o of vl•�Y,�j o �1_ K .. 4 F C � w � ° � 'e � � •� o` w v c u � u Y � � �d o � ° C v �a4a +WA)r.J �'C7tvi fiC7 EE�V,...r a d a Y � O H Q r CJ OO ooG d a n�i oo u ra p _ a 6 V fri 7 o eaa a s y e % V o`p u xm a n c a. nv°i 0. oS�n CO � v C� E S E° 0 6 0 6 E G e c c p 7 fa :oy �°'"r � r� � p 'gyp wm V) Ln c o v+y G °' « G 'O o •p a 9 S.�c 7 « .y A Ln f' d 5 •.. a L 5 « a 'O •° - '� C A of ° i R• t u Y'c ° o E U v c U W c U F c c k (r ,n z E m 0. u c v a `� d w u e �v `a = a E o Q m 5 t O •O p Y b V c M V C u 9 O _ O(� c - O O.Y �+ a ;� Tl a VI�•�.5 .c a�m Q v er, d o c m �y M c a o y � e a °' w d � .1� a U � n c a .0 a c U a'� u °' t � r � 2 a � c � :.• a -.J � �' _ c E w y 6.� o `•ra o .� '/1UO .�3 <� U 9 a En �% vie' CaJ �.aU vlwa .��w u m cn a 1 ° C O N C V C E E v c E G C a o ° w e c s c 006 O °a a L7 n A c c y ,� c o W o O o 3 c c V C r o Q u a V a;i W C7 o�C7 0�; o o n. !, x� o a C 7 C W w U t 9 9 m J C 3-2 YMa �]Z .°a ° 4 � a$4°.� ja ' A C od � $ Y�'ri� yC ��o g� mome $�� m6oe � 2lSg �a7� 96 $ �cg a ix :0 5.Y m e'2 a a a awo awA °^C7C`ja a� R7 0 u rr Z Y ^ H Y ° q ��pjuj � C qy m gi a m p q$ a 8@ Im m o - Y �a Y' 21 E n �w9 z oB � a 8 9y Gal F n 3-3 p Cup A LD u u 0 u cw c� a a o ` Lwow aw aW w w w w O O O w w A ti..,�, z "�' z �z z z Y !. z z N $ xW Z aZ aZ Z z r Or z Z pq n n n n n n v v v n n o� a, n n n n n n n n n n n n oa m m a� ��j g$s �•QQ� a aOO 3 3 S � �� �� �� ak ..a �rJ02 v� yr rA a g p w p�pj C ° 92 u C gas v '� s p o a .°1 k °a C ° ,03 aka a di �i ! ° .S GChOV�! v�iG9 SUW 9 .1ah r h B ° �• �7iG7rn :a J��i w CI a Z, a e A$ a Y t0 ° 00': Se l V�S u� M m �a it � m 3-4 Z 9� h� 'L O U CA a w z ox o e AC N E Q�Zoz ] U N �y O� V A A G1 0. a 96 oe 3-5 The available subsurface information indicates that Surface Water a fault system exists along the front of both the Gallatin Bozeman and the Gallatin Valley are interlaced and Bridger Ranges, but its exact location is not easily with numerous rivers, streams and irrigation canals identified. The fault's general location is illustrated on (Figure 6). The final report produced by the Blue Rib- the geologic constraints map (Figure 4). bons of the Big Sky Area Wide Planning Organization The mountains are composed of Precambrian in 1979 points out the high overall water quality of the gneiss and some infaulted blocks of Paleozoic and waterways in the planning area. However, it also stated Mesozoic rocks.The rocks are tightly folded and severe- that the largest recognizable impact on the streams of ly crurhpled in places, yet a general east-west trend is the planning area is erosion and sedimentation. This recognizable. may be attributed to a wide variety of sources ranging The Gallatin River Canyon separates the Madison from the overgrazing of pasture land to the discharge of Range on the west from the Gallatin Range on the east. storm sewers into the waterways without proper filtra- Structurally, however, the two ranges are segments of tion. Recently, the Bozeman City-County Subdivision the same mountain unit. This unit bounds the Gallatin Regulations were amended to insure sedimentation and Valley on the south. erosion control measures are taken for all subdivisions The Tertiary strata in the Gallatin Valley form a reviewed in accordance to that document.The Bozeman homocline that dips from I°to 5 °in a general direction Area Zoning Regulations have also been amended to re- toward the Bridger Range. Several of the faults that quire a 35-foot setback from all water courses.Through transect those parts of the Bridger and Gallatin Ranges proper planning and management practices as recom- adjacent to the valley undoubtedly also cross the valley, mended by the Blue Ribbon Study, tite effects of ur- and the basement complex is probably broken into banization on our local waterways may be minimized. blocks, especially near the Bridgcr frontal fault zone. Ground Water Small normal faults in the Tertiary strata are seen throughout the valley. Most of the faults are parallel to The aquifers receive their recharge from numerous the general northward trend of the Bridger frontal fault sources. It is received from infiltration from the many system. The displacement along these faults generally is rivers, streams and irrigation canals. Faults located less than one foot;however,displacements of more than along the mountain fronts also aid in the recharge by 20 feet have been noted. distributing the rain and snow runoff along their cor- ridors. The ground water generally flows from south to Solis north to the East Gallatin River. With the ground water Bozeman planning area soils exhibit much varia- so close to the soil surface, the overuse of septic tanks tions from area to area as a result of diverse geological and drainficlds could present ground water contamina- and topographic formations(Figure 5). Each soil has in- tion problems in the future. herent potential and limitations. The concentration of septic tank and drainfield Soil characteristics such as texture, structure and disposal systems increases the opportunity for ground porosity can be used as guidelines to determine and en- water pollution. The accumulation of one-acre lots courage land uses that can be beneficial to the planning located along the direction of the ground water now area(Table 2). Soil data, combined with other base data may result in serious ground water contamination. can assist decision makers in determining the best use POPULATION for a given site. Soil survey information is basic to sound planning and development of our rural and urban Regional Position land resources. Even though severe soil limitations can Gallatin County and Bozeman are growing at a rate often be overcome through engineering and technology, faster than either the state of Montana or the United it is our purpose to encourage careful consideration of States. For example, while Montana grew 13.4 percent all costs to developers, buyers, and taxpayers before in the ten-year period from 1970 to 1980, Gallatin soils are put to uses which are not suited to their natural County increased 31.9 percent and Bozeman increased properties. 15.9 percent. The increase for Bozeman is misleading in that the jurisdictional area surrounding Bozeman in- Hydrology creased by 62.2 percent (Table 3). Hydrology may be defined as a science which deals Bozeman's population growth in the 1970's ap- with the properties and circulation of water. Man's very pears to have been much more stable than was the case existence and use of the land in the Gallatin Valley during the 1960's. This was due partially to the lack of creates numerous opportunities for the degradation of land available for new development within the city the area's water quality. The information presented limits, thus causing more of the 70's growth to take herein is a synopsis of several previously prepared place in the jurisdictional area. The bulk of that growth documents concerning the Bozeman area water took place in the southern portion of the jurisdictional resources. area (Table 4). Age Distribution Age profiles indicate the number of people in cer- tain specified age groups that reside in a jurisdiction. By 3-6 ... ............. ...... CI).Jomuj .... . ..... ... -X ... . ........ 0.0 ........... -X-X . .......... .... ...... ..... ........... .......... X. ............... .......... ..... ............. ..................... ....... . ...... ........ ....... ..... ....... ...........X ....... ..... ..... .. ..... ... ..... ie .. .. . ...... ......... ... ................. 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Y , 1 I - y i ��• I 1 ]i fl V.- L ' F` 1 I , — `\ _ . \ `♦ d . AI~ N~ 3-9 iIN N N cn0-.J(J) .}.- yiyc i S ilr. �,�i `ry•��y i• l;/,. (/ i-- it ,j.i(• ".O vc��� V •1 t a(II(I. I }�rift �} i� E d "'��' �'ft�t��s',1!?, ''i ,'1? %� 'Si���.;•:�'i;�::i`;.,, h"L' !� — 'p F' " � � 3 r —T° n E � li W1{� .... .; ,.............,i i ... � C(i�sT^h''�'1(!d -p,. `-T s:ii•h:.•' ( E S o � `; m A a '- E . G � L � � I tin} d t} m� m° c"Llc7 x' x'�ix ' f w N. (r � 000 0 00000 0000 on 77 In fy .G ^`" f Y;� � (.:-•�' -- -"� -- ��.=--=y' .=ram• t �.. { •� .. r� III �I ' .. , III�Il,Iwnf •F.TSX-%y i �i�il �1111i1 }III r i I s,f � I �I I I I 3-10 wo r R rn ow 1 1 ice\ �.. ..J�....i- _ r ( 111--•} �\ � �\ 1d � I rr 1 1 W f j ; •1 1y `1(`r ' \\° �, }3�t .l J'., , ;n;.. "�. d i l P 1' 1i /' h� i � ''� ,1, g 11/ 4 '• i 1 •1 ..1 1.[I1 rn.,•nr /'am •w_ ~ //Ir,,,•"'�r} �/ •q i 1 j � �'r/�''•:!. """�'^�'—- 3 1' �'i f 1` •1 G 1 •r w ='i• i`arc .I '.1 t 4Yr1 Yr• 111 L t /wt! t{r �J r MO-1N 3-1 l /1 TABLE 3 POPULATION - UNITED STATES, MONTANA, GALLATIN COUNTY, BOZEMAN YEAR ESTIMATE PERCENT CHANGE JURISDICTION 1%0 1970 1990 1983" 1960-1970 1970-1980 UNITED STATES 179,323,000 203,302,000 221,227,000 13.37% 8.80% ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION 8,290.000 10,853,000 30.90% MONTANA 675,000 694,000 786,690 2.80% 13.35% GALLATIN COUNTY 26,045 32,505 42,865 24.80% 31.90% BOZEMAN 13,361 18,670 21,645 22,457 39.70% 15.93% JURISDICTIONAL AREA" (BOZEMAN) 2,100 3,380 5,483 5,853 73.70% 62.20% Bozeman City-County Planning Board Area of reponsibility outside the City of Bozeman.The area extends approximately 4.5 miles around the City. " Population for 1983 has been estimated by multiplying average number of housing starts from 1980-1982 by the average number of persons per dwelling in the respective areas. SOURCE.:: Ccnsus data TABLE 4 PEOPLE PER PLANNING AREA (JURISDICTIONAL.AREA) ESTIMATE 1980-1983 1970 1980 1983' °/_o_CHANG_E °Jo CHANGE NORTHEAST 64 56 71 — 12.5 27.2 NORTH 594 703 764 18.3 8.7 NORTHWEST 319 633 648 98.4 2.4 WEST 1,140 1,199 1,336 05.2 11.4 SOUTHWEST 143 610 610 326.6 0.0 SOUTH 647 1,708 1,723 164.0 9.0 EAST 473 574 635 21.3 10.6 TOTAL 3,380 5,483 5,787 62.2 0.6 • All 1983 projects are estimates derived from the number of housing starts within the individual planning sectors during the 1981 period. SOURCE: Census data and Housing Inventory reviewing the age groups over a ten-year period, indica- Population Density tions of population age group shifts are noticeable. Un- Bozeman exhibits a rather low population density. derstanding the age profile of a jurisdiction and how it This lower density indicates the city has the ability to ab- has shifted is useful in evaluating commercial service sorb a greater population. The residential density of the needs, employment supply, housing demand and com- city at present is 6.1 people per acre. Development dur- munity facility requirements (Table 5). In Bozeman, ing the last four years has been at a much higher density, certain age distribution characteristics of the population approximately 18 people per acre.The economy has dic- provide insight into present and future economic and tated that building projects be directed towards multi- community service needs. family projects, mainly condominium and townhouse In the last ten years, Bozeman's I to 15 year age development. This trend will continue as long as the group has been decreasing.This indicates there may be a economy remains in its present state. There has also decreased demand on grade schools and high schools been an increase in density due to the large number of for the foreseeable future. The effect of Montana State single-family homes being converted to apartments in University is shown in the 15 to 24 age group and again the university area. in the 25 to 34 age group. The 65+ population has changed very little from the 1970 figures. Increases in Natural Increase and Migration this age group can indicate an increased need for health The population of an area can grow either by care and nursing homes, low cost housing and recrea- natural increase, more births than deaths, or by migra- tion and social facilities. tion. The determination of how great a role each of 3-12 these plays in an area's growth is important in order to population projections are valuable in estimating future best plan future development and facility needs. community and commercial service needs, labor supply There has been a nationwide trend of declining and other population characteristics, so that proper birth rates through the 1970's. This has held true for planning for healthy community development can take Bozeman. Since 1970, the birth rate has declined from place. 17.9 births per 1,000 people to 13.1 births per 1,000 in Based on past trends and current development, the 1980. Gallatin County's birth rate has increased from population in Bozeman and Gallatin County is expected 17.8 births per 1,000 people in 1970 to 18.8 births per to increase at a rate similar to that experienced in the 1,000 in 1980 (Table 6). 1970's (Table 8). Growth should he evenly distributed Although the percentage of population migrating through the year 2000. Nevertheless, during this 17-year decreased in the 70's, its portion of the population time span, if a major upswing in the economy occurs growth remained significant. Migration is still the most and a major industry locates in Bozeman,an upswing in important factor for population increase in Gallatin population could occur. County and Bozeman. Sixty-two percent of the popula- The population of Bozeman should increase at a tion increase of the cointy from 1970 to 1980 and 54 higher rate than it has in the last ten years due to the percent of the city's increase has been from migration large amount of residential land annexed to the city in (Table 7). the past few years. Energy conservation is also becom- Population Projections ing a more important factor in settling within the city limits. Population projections are used to estimate what a It appears that population growth within the city jurisdiction's population might be at a given future and the jurisdictional area will continue in a western and date. In part, population projections are used to southern direction as central services are available. estimate future land use needs. 1n addition to land use, TABLE, 5 AGE DISTRIBUTION BOZEMAN _ 1080 AGE MALE FEMALE u 1970 55 + 55 - 54 45 • 54 35 - 44 25 - 34 15 • 24 5 - 14 0 4 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 5 10 /5 20 25 30 35 40 PERCENT I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 3-13 V N to H DO 0 w z -r 00 d a a LO O 6 N N V O M m N O N r 1h z CIO Qt a c N co w N h N O m cD � V . h y h z pry O �O W U J to y Cl) LO Q ko F J `A.> N r O Q m O N U O w U) O0 a w cc 0 U co d z h M rn J M m N 0 D Q h z M l0 N to N M h N co Cl) 3-ld03d 0 O o 0 0 0 0 0 O 0 0 0 0 0 h D LO V Cl) N 3-14 TABLE 7 PERCENT MIGRATION - NATURAL INCREASE 1970 - 1980 NATURAL, MIGRATION INCREASE BOZEMAN 540/'o 46% GALLATIN COUNTY 6207o 38% TABLE 8 POPULATION PROJECTIONS 1980 - 2M JURISDICTION 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 GALLATIN COUNTY 42,865 47,151 53,045 59,676 67,135 BOZ.EMAN 21,645 23,809 26,190 29,333 32,853 JURISDICTIONAL AREA 5,483 6,140 6,878 7,703 8,627 HOUSING Multi-Family The demand for housing is directly related to Multi-family units are becoming considerably more population. As the population of the city and jurisdic- important in the development of housing in Bozeman. tional area increases, so will the demand for housing. Since the beginning of 1979, 80.4 percent of all housing Housing demand is created by new household for- unit starts in Bozeman have been multi-family unit.This mation and residents whose homes do not meet their trend will most likely continue until a change in the needs. Housing supply is the total number of residential economy occurs. Multi-family units are less expensive to units available. Likewise, an adequate housing supply build, thus the cost per unit is less expensive for the must provide a wide range of housing prices and hous- buyer. Also, maintenance and utilities are less expen- ing types in a suitable environment to attract new resi- sive, and energy and transportation costs are generally dents and to meet the changing needs of the city's pres- lower. ent population (Table 9). Age Distribution of Housing Housing Types The existence of deficient and substandard housing Single-Family Detached can be explained by the age of the city's residential de- velopment. Thirty-six percent of all housing was built Historically, Bozeman's housing supply has been before 1940, while only 24 percent has been built since predominantly single-family detached units, comprising 1970. The replacement of structurally deficient housing 49 percent of the housing stock in the city and 74 per- in the city has slowed because of the availability of less cent of the housing stock in the jurisdictional area in expensive housing in the jurisdictional area where 75 1970. Through the 1980's, the percentage of single-family detached units should stabilize and the role of percent of all new housing has been built since 1960. condominiums, apartments and townhouses will rise in Housing Condition significance. It should be recognized that many single- In June of 1983, Housing Development Associates, family units have been converted to apartments to help a consulting firm from Billings, Montana, completed a ease the housing shortage for university students (Table housing condition survey. The survey was a windshield 10). survey and the form used for the survey was suggested The number of mobile homes has increased in both and developed by the Department of Commerce for the city where existing mobile homes and parks are full Community Development Block Grant Applications. and the jurisdictional area where land is more plentiful The results of the survey show that 67 percent of the to develop mobile home parks. Twenty-four percent of overall housing stock was in standard condition, 30 per- the housing in the jurisdictional area is made up of cent was in substandard condition, and 3 percent was in mobile homes while they only comprise 7.5 percent of substandard condition not suitable for rehabilitation the housing in the city. (Table 11). 3-15 TABLE 9 HOUSING INVENTORY GALLATIN COUNTY 1970 1980 TOTAL % HOUSING HOUSING CHANGE LOCALITY UNITS VACANCY UNITS VACANCY 1970.1990 GALLATIN COUNTY 10,761 9.4016 17,173 14.6016 59.5% BOZEMAN 5,736 4.407o 7,971 7.1% 39.0% JURISDICTIONAL AREA 1,081 6.8% 2,173 7.9% 101.0% TABLE 10 HOUSING COMPOSITION BOZEMAN AND JURISDICTIONAL AREA 1970 1980 NUMBER °!o NUMBER % BOZEMAN Single Family 2856 49 3184 48.5 Multi-Family 1247 22 1505 22.9 Apartment 1327 23 1380 21.0 Mobile Home 306 6 503 7.6 TOTAL 5736 100 6572 100.0 JURISDICTIONAL AREA Single Family 800 74 1558 71.8 Multi-Family 54 5 69 3.2 Apartment — 0 20 1.0 Mobile Home 227 21 526 24.0 TOTAL 1081 100 2173 100.0 CITY & JURISDICTIONAL AREA TOTAL 6817 8745 3-16 ECONOMICS An understanding of the institutional and func- TABLE 11 tional framework unique to local and regional econo- mies is fundamental to the role the planning process commands in land use and resource allocation. Studies NUMBER of the economic base help to explain present levels of OF development and can offer Fruitful insight into the UNITS PERCENTAGE. future. STANDARD CONDITION 4,442 67.0 The Economic Base Today SUBSTANDARD CONDITION It appears that Bozeman has entered the 1980's SUITABLE FOR from a position of strength despite national economic REHABILITATION 1,985 30.0 woes. This optimistic outlook can be further examined REHAB IL by breaking down the area's economic base into its in- SUBSTANDARDCONDITION tegral parts. The short-term prospects for small UNSUITABLE FOR economies such as the Bozeman trade area are often REHABILITATION 198 3.0 founded on the economic base concept.The cornerstone of this analysis stems from the belief that the major 6,625 100.0010 determinant of economic growth is change in the basic or export industries. Basic or export industries are ones SOURCE: 1983 Housing Survey completed by Dousing Development ASSUCIilltti that produce goods and services for sale to people out- side the area. The basic industries in the Bozeman trade area are agriculture, manufacturing, tourism, a portion of retail trade, Montana State University, and the federal government. A positive production and distribution Housing Tenure function in these industries can increase employment In 1980, approximately 36 percent of Bozeman's opportunities. The resulting influx of new earnings population lived in their own homes, while 40 percent cyclically injects new money into the local area.This in- lived in rental housing and 21 percent lived in group creases demand both publicly and privately for local or quarters. The profitability of multi-unit development is derivative industries—industries that primarily serve the likely to keep available zoned city land at a premium local population. price so that growth of rental property should continue Employment Status to exceed that of privately owned homes. A study of the employment make-up indicates Group Housing changes have been occurring in the number of occupa- Group housing in Bozeman is composed of the tions, relative growth rates in various industries, Montana State University dormitories and married stu- balance between technical and labor-related oceupa- dent housing, the fraternities and sororities, and the tions, and possibilities for future employment. Boze- nursing and retirement homes. These complexes make man does have employment opportunities that are well- up about 24 percent of the city's living quarters and diversified in range. However, this is overshadowed by represent a significant portion of the city's population. the fact that most of this diversity is related directly to The university enrollment of 11,000 students has a Montana State University. During the 1970's, the pres- significant influence on the housing market. Approxi- ence of the University had a stabilizing effect on the mately 5,100 students (46 percent) live in campus quar- overall economic conditions of the Bozeman area. Boze- ters, of which there arc 614 married student units and man must be careful to not let this produce a false sense room for 3,700 students in dormitories. Presently, the of security. A large reduction of enrollment, such as university housing is occupied over 100 percent. This is many of the Eastern colleges are experiencing, will have due to the nonavailability of housing at a reasonable a tremendous effect on the Bozeman economy due to cost in the private sector. the services that have been created to support the insti- The private rental housing sector will continue to tution. play an important role in providing housing for During the 1970's, the most significant loss in both students. With more multi-family units becoming avail- dollars and percent occurred in the wood product indus- able, there may be some reduction of student impact try, which was accounted for by the downturn in home and balancing of rent levels. building and the decline in production at Gallatin Fraternities and sororities house approximately 600 Homes of Belgrade. Montana State University and the students at the present with future expansions to in- federal government also experienced slight declines due crease capacity only 5 to 10 percent. to inflation outdistancing salaries. Nursing and retirement homes house approximate- The overall picture presents a small(1 percent)gain ly 240 residents with no major future expansions ex- in the total nonfarm economic base. Declines in wood pected. products, Montana State University, and federal 3-17 employees were offset by increases in manufacturing Bozeman to continue in its prosperity, it must support other than wood products, tourism and trade, and agri- University efforts to attract the student population, and cultural services. it must encourage a balancing of the economic base by Table 12 is presented in order to illustrate the promoting the expansion of existing businesses as well magnitude of the nonfarm components in Gallatin as development of new. County in 1980. The influence of Montana State Uni- principle of Economic Characteristics versity is extremely important. Salaries paid to workers affiliated with the university provided 44 percent of the Agriculture total nonfarm economic base. Tourism and trade con- Although agriculture is overwhelmingly oriented tributed 19 percent. Manufacturing contributed 20 per- toward livestock production, the Bozeman area is more cent, which is below the national average. The federal diversified than many parts of the state. Hay, barley, government contributed 14 percent and agricultural ser- wheat, hogs, dairy and poultry products, and potatoes vices 3 percent. The concentration of public employees are important sources of farm income in addition to cat- has been a stabilizing factor to the local economy and tle production. hopefully will continue to do so in the future. Federal The recent decline in both employment and income and University employees are usually less subject to in the agricultural sector are due in part to the low cyclical turnovers, but the University is heavily depend- market price of cattle and wheat. The price of wheat is ent on a continued student enrollment.Therefore,as the apt to stay low until the nationwide surplus declines. population produced by the baby boom of the 1950's However, the 1970's witnessed a greater equilibrium matures, enrollment should begin to drop. Universities between nonfarm jobs and agriculture than any time around the nation have already witnessed this fact, but since World War 11. This indicates that the surplus fortunately, Montana State University has picked this should level out. Economists have been predicting up through attracting more of the older student popula- greater prosperity for American agriculture in the tion.The older student usually has a family and as such, 1980's as world demand for farm products increases. the spouse is employed thus having a broader effect on It appears that agriculture will not employ any the Bozeman economy than the younger student. For more people in the future than it does today. This does not lessen its importance to the area economy. Agriculture in this area has been relatively stable com- pared to other parts of the state. One factor has been that irrigation provides protection from drought. Economic projections indicate the Bozeman area should continue to reap prosperity in this sector. Manufacturing Manufacturing contributed a great deal to the eco- TABLE 12 nomic growth of the 1970's. The wood products in- dustry has been by far the dominant factor even though THE NONFARM ECONOMIC BASE OF large declines since 1978 have adversely affected the area. The strength of the wood products industry GALLATIN COUNTY,1980 depends on national interest rates. It is unlikely that growth will exceed the 1978 levels due to the increased costs in transportation. Because of this, the timber in- dustries have begun to move back towards the major population centers. Montana stale Univarany Potential employment opportunities in other man- 44% ufacturing areas could compensate for the sagging wood Ag. products industries. Allan-Bradley (formerly Summit- Services Dana) and Ideal Cement are major operations. These 3x firms have had to cut back in operations because of the Federal Mining, high interest rates but will recover as the economy im- Government Manufacturing proves. 14% and Railroad% Wood products, mobile homes,electronic compon- 20% ents, and cement offer some diversity in a small Youtlam economy, but there is also a variety of minor operations and Trade in the area. Among these products are plastic contain- 191, ers, corrugated boxes, camera cases and backpacks, in- sulation, air quality devices, instruments for testing and fusing optical fibers, and T-shirts. Many are small plants that may not survive, but it is wise to encourage fiOUnCi Unw•rnt, of MOM.-, P.m..el aeammw n•••ercn innovative decentralization that doesn't require the moving in of a major plant. 3-18 Montana Slate University the area, two different sets of assumptions have been Montana State University generates the largest formulated. share of total earnings of this area's basic industries. The first assumption predicts a period of modest Recent years have experienced continuous enrollment growth in the coming years due to the stability and increases, and payrolls rose higher than inflation in diversity of the economic base. The boom years of the 1981. Increases in enrollment should taper off and even 1960's have tapered off but not before providing a good decline as the pool of young adults which resulted from deal of today's economic base. This stability was the unprecedented baby boom of the 1950's diminishes. reflected in the 1970's, which witnessed gradual growth Several factors could encourage continuance of through the fluctuations of a full business cycle. The high enrollment. The median student age is growing growth stability has been controlled by Montana State older, and periods of high unemployment,as at present, University, contributing 44 percent of the nonfarm are especially conducive to high enrollments. Academic economic base to Gallatin County. if such past trends programs offered at Montana State University are are indicative of what the future holds in store, suited for application in today's job market. Programs Bozeman area residents can look forward to steady, such as engineering, applied sciences, agriculture, continuous growth. business, and health have also been influential in Although Montana State University has been the attracting an even greater share of Montana's available major economic contributor in the Bozeman area, its undergraduates. overall growth from 1970 to 1978 only translated into an The high level of education attainment in Bozeman 8 percent increase in the area's earnings. This means bolsters economic potential in higher payment that Montana State University did not significantly con- managerial, technical, and professional jobs. Even if tribute to the economic growth of the past decade. Nor enrollment does decline in the years to come, Montana is it likely to provide a great deal of impetus for the next State University should continue as the major con- few years because of the diminishing pool of young tributor to the nonfarm base and produce stability in the adults. However, predictions in the recent past have all periods of cyclical fluctuations. anticipated declining enrollments, when in actuality, Tourism enrollment has been steadily increasing each year. The Along with manufacturing, tourism and trade pro- expansion of the,Student Union Building, the Health vided a great deal of impetus to economic growth in the and Physical Education Complex, and the Film and Television Department ought to boost the number of 1970's. A variety of scenic, year-round attractions, such students wanting to utilize these resources. Although as Yellowstone Park, Big Sky, and Bridger Bowl at- many factors influence the university, a conservative tracts many outside visitors. The number of tourists at estimate expects the enrollment to level out around Yellowstone Park was up 25 percent at the end of 11,000(its present level) in the next few years. Montana August, 1981 over 1980. Montana State University also State University's role as the community's stabilising serves as a major attraction for sporting contests, bast will most likely continue in the decade to come. meetings and cultural events. A large number of visitors are drawn to Montana by its historical sites. High technology industry aids the area's economy A large portion of the tourist trade is travel related. by bringing into circulation a large amount of outside This fact, along with nature's uncertainty and economic money.This industry serves a national and international cycles, makes it especially difficult to depend on or market and its technological foundations are apt to be predict future trends. High energy costs, recessions, and in strong demand for many years to come. The presence snow shortages have affected the Bozeman area in the of the university also aids with engineering and scientific past. Yet, as transportation costs increase, destination expertise. There have been, however, a number of tem- resorts may become more popular as vacationers stay porary layoffs in the high technology industry in the longer in one place and people combine business and past few years. it is surmised that future expansion will pleasure travel. Bozeman's long history of affluence in take place in Bozeman so that the number of employees the tourist industry and the increasing demands for will be back tip to its original level of over 300 workers recreation and leisure boost the probability of future by 1983. success. Promoting and enhancing our historic and The addition of the Main Mall and the University cultural resources could have a positive impact on Square has greatly increased the retail capacity of Boze- tourism. man. This fact, combined with national movements Federal Government toward free market self-sufficiency, could create dif- ficult conditions for many of Bozeman's retail and ser- Federal government installations in this area in- vice establishments. The repercussions have shown little elude the Department of Agriculture and Forest Service, impact thus far, but if old stores close down, new ones National Park Service, and the Post Office. Salaries will probably arise with hopes of gartering a share of paid to federal employees usually follow a steady the competitive market. course. Recent budget cuts make the role of the federal There has been much speculation in recent years government appear to be on the decline. over the likelihood of a major industry locating in the The Overall Outlook Ahead Bozeman area. This is the basis of the second assump- In order to project future economic conditions of tion. The basic goals to consider in planning for in- 3-19 dustrial activity entail stabilizing the existing industrial deficiencies in the dam and the future of its use has not base and attracting new industry to the area. A major been resolved. industry or several minor industries would likely bolster The Hyalite Creek system, located south of Boze- much prosperity in a place like Bozeman that already man, contains the Hyalite Revervoir, a diversion struc- has a stable, economic base. An increase in tax revenue ture on Hyalite Creek, with a presettling basin, and a would also help appreciably to offset property and city 21-inch transmission line, approximately 20,000 feet service taxes. Thus, the Bozeman community can en- long, that links Hyalite Creek to the pre-sedimentation hance the opportunity for industry to create new jobs basin on Bozeman Creek. The City of Bozeman has and generate wealth, while recognizing the necessity of contracted with the Middle Creek Water Users Associa- preserving the surrounding landscape. tion for 2,705 acre feet of water stored in Hyalite Reser- It is essential that individual communities have an voir. idea of the type of target industries that may be best Distribution System suited for their area's unique set of advantages and The Lyman Creek Reservoir is an open cavity-type disadvantages. New development in the Bozeman area reservoir that is concrete lined. The capacity of the will probably be amenity-oriented industry. An amen- reservoir is 5.3 million gallons. An 18-inch supply line ity-oriented industry is one that does not produce severe connects the reservoir to the booster station on North impacts on the land and its environs. Examples would Wallace Avenue. be an administrative headquarters, technical research, Bozeman Creek Reservoir is located about 2�/z and transistorized hardware. This would provide a large miles south of city on Sourdough Road.The reservoir is degree of compatibility between a suitable industrial site a covered concrete tank with a 4-million gallon capacity. and adjacent land uses. It must be remembered that for At the present time, water is conveyed from a small an industry to relocate to any area, it must be able to settling basin at the intake of Bozeman Creek and realize a larger economic profit over its present location Hyalite Creek through 30-inch and 21-inch transmission and other competing communities. lines respectively to the concrete pre-sedimentation Amenity-oriented industry could provide jobs in basins at their junction. The water is then carried professional, technical, managerial, and labor-related through two 18-inch lines to the south side reservoir. fields. The population of this area would naturally in- The City is in the process of replacing one of the 18-inch crease, especially since industries usually relocate their lines with a 30-inch line because of its deteriorated con- technical and advisory staffs. Labor-related jobs could dition and to increase the storage capacity. They are also possibly be filled by local people. The presence of also replacing the pre-sedimentation basins with a the university also provides good incentive to establish 10-million gallon per day water treatment plant. From in Bozeman. The university attracts a supply of people the reservoir, the water is carried through 18-inch and with scientific and technical education. 24-inch lines to their connection with the City's distribu- tion system on South Black Avenue. The Lyman Creek distribution reservoir has chlor- PUBLIC FACILITIES AND SERVICES ination and fluoridation treatment facilities. When con- Water struction is completed in 1984,the water treatment plant Water System for the Hyalite and Bozeman Creek sources will have full scale water filtration and treatment facilities The present water supply for Bozeman is taken available. At the present time, the turbidity of these from three sources, Lyman Creek, Bozeman Creek, and sources exceeds acceptable levels for drinking water dur- Hyalite Creek (Figure 7). ing the spring runoff season.The plant will be located at Lyman Creek, located northeast of Bozeman, the existing pre-sedimentation basins just south of Nash derives its source from a number of springs. Average Road. The treatment plant will include a filtration flows approach 134 miners inches during the summer system along with chlorination facilities, chemical with a low of 50 miners inches in the late winter. The storage space and a control room. city has the right to the first 238 3/20ths miners inches A two-million gallon reservoir is also under con- of flow. The water from Lyman Creek is treated with struction immediately west of Highland Boulevard with chlorine and fluoride. a 20-inch main to be connected to the existing 16-inch The Bozeman Creek system, located south of Boze- line in that area. Also, a 14-inch main is to be installed man, consists of a small intake and settling basin on to provide a loop connection between Highland Boule- Bozeman Creek, about six miles south of the city. The vard and North Rouse Avenue. city has rights to 200 miners inches of normal flow and There is a total of 74.02 miles of distribution mains rights to Bozeman Creek flood water. Minimum flow in besides the transmission mains from the sources into Bozeman Creek is often less than 625 inches of decreed town and a total of 632 fire hydrants. water rights. The minimum flow in the summer is 2,900 miners inches. The water of Bozeman Creek is treated Future Needs with chlorine and fluoride. The north portion of Bozeman between Durston Mystic Lake, in the past, has supplemented Road and Interstate 90 is serviced by a dead-end eight- Bozeman Creek during summer months. Since that inch line. A 12-inch line on Oak Street from Rouse time, Mystic Lake has been breached due to structural Avenue North would provide a loop for the system, thus 3-20 providing a second source of water for additional fire 6. Development of ground water storage using protection in this portion of the city. flood water in the spring, The City of Bozeman needs to increase its available 7. Development of near surface or deep ground supply of water. This can be accomplished in part by water supplies, and better utilizing the water which the city has available.To 8. An education conservation program. better monitor the amount of water the city is using, in- Studies are needed to inventory and access the flow, overflow and outflow metering devices will be in- potential sources of water for the city. To adequately stalled at the water treatment plant. The City also in- assess the water needs of Bozeman, a good water meter- tends to install metering on all residences in the city that ing system is needed at the major diversion,storage,and are unmetered. outlet structures as well as all residences. The data While the City of Bozeman has decreed water rights gathered from metering, the inventories, and studies to approximtely 13,000 acre feet of water (Table 13), should be integrated into a detailed plan which ad- several factors combine to make the reliable yield of dresses the water shortage the city faces. water rights much smaller. The low flows of later sum- mer, winter, and drought periods are much smaller than the decreed rights so that supply is actually smaller than Sewer System the right. The net result is that the reliable yield of water Existing Facilities rights is substantially smaller than the decreed water The Bozeman sanitary sewer system is made up of rights the city owns.Freezing constricts water intakes so pipes of various sizes and materials terminating at the that water quantities are reduced during the cold winter sewage treatment plant on Springhill Road, north of months. Water demand is higher during certain times of Bozeman. The northern portion of Bozeman is served the day. Since the intake gates can not be constricted or by a 20-inch collector that parallels the Burlington opened as demand rises and falls, water is lost during Northern tracks to a point just south of the new treat- low demand periods. Reservoir discharge can not be ment plant.The western and southern parts of Bozeman reduced to store the lost water. The amount lost in- are collected into a 24-inch line. This combined sewage creases as demand increases. Although inadequate is then brought into the plant in a 30-inch line(Figures 8 metering at the City intake, storage reservoir, homes and 9). and outlet facility make estimation difficult, losses in The sewage treatment plant has recently been ex- the distribution system through leakage are estimated to panded and went into operation in October, 1982. It consume approximately 40 percent of the water entering consists of a pretreatment building housing self-cleaning the distribution systems. bar screens and a small clarifier to take out rocks and The City of Bozeman needs to increase its available other heavy objects. This area also includes com- water supply. In 1980, the City diverted 7,695 acre-feet munitors to grind up the sewage into fine particles of water, but the reliable yield was only 6,566 acre-feet which then go into two primary clarifiers which remove (an acre foot is the volume of water). The deficit was the settling solids. made up by purchasing water from the Middle Creek These solids then go through a primary and sec- Water Users Association out of Hyalite Reservoir. Pur- ondary anaerobic digester. The digested sludge is then chased water is available only after the irrigation season disposed of by injection onto agricultural land. The and can not be depended upon as greatly as the water supernatant from the digesters returns to the system the City has contracted for. By the year 2000, nearly all where it is combined with the raw sewage. The effluent of the decreed water rights will be consumed and the an- from the primary clarifiers will be treated in a larger nual deficit will be approximately 6,877 acre-feet. The four-unit aeration basin, utilizing fine bubble aeration deficit is more severe during the winter months than for the removal by anaerobic digestion of the suspected during the summer. If the city is to grow, more water material. Three final clarifiers plus a flotation thickener must be obtained, particularly during the low-flow will separate the liquid from the solids coming off of the period. aeration basin. The anaerobic biomass will be returned A variety of potential sources of water needs to be to the aeration basin and returned to the stream if the aggressively investigated. Recent studies by several nitrogen levels are low enough,or may be transported to parties have suggested the following the infiltration-percolation beds for removal of the am- p gg g possibilities: monia nitrogen before the effluent passes into the East 1 . Repair of water leaks in the distribution Gallatin River. Chlorine is an additive that is not con- systems, ducive to supporting a healthy fish population. 2. Drilling wells to cut down on freezing which During most of the year, it is anticipated that all of constricts intakes, the plant effluent will be applied to the infiltration- 3. Putting controls on intake gates, percolation beds so as to save the cost of chlorination 4. Active water conservation through economic in- and to provide a better effluent for the fishery in the centives and education, transfer of agricultural East Gallatin River. surface water rights, 5. Construction of additional storage capacity on Future Needs the surface at the distribution point or in the The Bridger Canyon trunk system was installed as a mountains, private sewer from Rouse Avenue north of Griffin 3-21 2IN '/'IN _ NIrNn yI f V YYr<A 1 r------_---------_I. 3. > A , W r I- w < a r ► Cc ' =---- r> I ' Q 1, J L r A' 1 I W o aEn > I Z Y r p r,..r Z W.. I d. CC Q • r• y ' j ul y W,< ., Y; `ap T.^ W S. Z q p Z ¢ I �i Q N t, p OI .N O d I J N Py i m i Y ILT f au- ...._• m i_. I'py a op i uj.-..... 1.. 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I . . .. . .. . . ........ .. ..... .. . ... . . . . . :j Ex isting xlsfin service tl g '''~•; •,•.•:; :�:j:.-.. area �r V ::r ,; 0 •;., Future service area T I E S 3-23 ff 7 � 7 - •IN• ' BMrGE�RIDR CANYON TRUNK �r�r�rre�rr�r�r�r�r� r •■ram �■■■■� was a L .� ■■N ■.�" ■ T=j- rn-1 I` d�n hL -fir ■ - �� �►.�.� 1 ❑�l� ■ .� �\ . ,. ---- W, i I ■ �L{ IC- �( SOURDOUGH V �f-i 'I..i� - TRUNK�Ij NIVERS �� ITY - 1 INTERCEPTOR IL ` n Lj -- ru - .6..11 .Y KEY V1, J VALLEY VIEW TRUNK SEWER COLLECTION FAR WEST TRUNK J SYSTEM B �7 11--, U ■ Existing *ewe" collection system c L - r Future sanitary T /( sewer - -� 3-24 TABLE 13 BOZEMAN WATER AVAILABILITY AND DEMAND PROJECTIONS TOTAL DECREED WATER RIGHTS ACRE FEET Lyman Creek 4,309 Bozeman Creek 5,664 Hyalite Reservoir via Hylite Creek 2,705 Total Ideal Yield 13,368 THE FOLLOWING TABLE LISTS THE WATER DIVERSION AMOUNTS AS PREDICTED BY THE CITY ENGINEER'S OFFICE TO BE REQUIRED FOR THE APPROPRIATE PERIOD TOTAL MAY-SEPTEMBER OCTOBER-APRIL ACRE FEET Reliable Yield of Water Rights 4,316 2,250 6,566 ** 1982 Water Diversion Requirement 4,195 3,943 8,138 (1982 Water Deficit) (0) (1,693) ( 1,693)*** 30,000 Population Equivalent Water Diversion Requirement + 5,478 4,739 10,217 (30,000 Population Water Deficit) + + (1,162) (2,489) ( 3,651) 40,000 Population Equivalent Water Diversion Requirement 7,125 6,318 13,443 (40,000 Population Water Deficit) (2,809) (4,068) ( 6,877) - The amounts shown are in acre feet The number does not reflect Mystic Reservoir since it has been breached.Current estimates indicate that if the reservoir is repaired, 1,530 acre- feet of storage may be added. Not all of this water would be owned by the City of Bozeman. '• This value does not include Mystic Lake Reservoir water. This value reflects a deficit assuming no water from Mystic Lake Reservoir. + Future water demand is estimated on the basis of 1980 water demands as follows: Total Demand s Population Projection x 1980 Total Water Demand 1980 Population May-September Demand - Total Demand x 1980 May-September Demand 1980 Total Demand October-April Demand = Total Demand x 1980 980Oct Total De Demand 1980 Total Demand + +Water deficits do not take purchased water or potential Mystic Lake Reservoir water into account. Drive near the Humane Society building and extending south to service the area south and west of Bozeman. eastward to include Bridger Industrial Center and the Some older sectors of Bozeman contain deterior- Bridger View Trailer Court. This system can be extend- ating, undersized sewer lines which need to be replaced. ed to provide collection for those areas along Bridger This has affected the growth and development potential Canyon Road that are heavily developed areas now us- of the community. This problem will become more ing private water wells and individual septic systems. acute in the future. It will be a very expensive problem The Sourdough trunk system, when constructed, to correct, and long-range financial plans are needed to will extend the system from Kagy Boulevard to include help provide a strategy for correcting it. those areas west of Sourdough Road and south of Kagy The Bozeman Wastewater Treatment Plant has Boulevard that are not currently within the city limits. been designed to serve a population of approximately Annexation to the city will be a requirement for service. 36,000 people. It should,thus,serve the projected popu- The University interceptor was installed along lation of the city well into the twenty-first century. The Durston Road and was then extended south to serve the design area for the wastewater treatment plant com- Main Mall and part of the Triangle Annexation Area as prises about 6,000 acres outside the present city bound- well as intervening land. This system will eventually be aries. Approximately 600 to 700 acres of this land are extended to Lincoln Street and then east to intercept the developed, primarily in large residential lots with indi- sewer on Lincoln Street east of 19th Avenue. vidual wells and septic tanks. Nearly 4,000 acres are va- The far west trunk has been extended from the in- cant but are subdivided into large, low density residen- tersection of Baxter Lane and 19th Avenue to service the tial building lots and 20-acre tracts. The remaining land Valley Unit area, and it will eventually be extended comprises about 2,000 acres in vacant or agricultural 3-25 use. An immediate problem is to prevent the city from The City operates two three-man compactor becoming hemmed in by large lot development to the ex- trucks. Each truck averages 363 stops per day for a total tent that growth will be impeded and the central of 3,631 stops per week. facilities underutilized. Future Operation Transportation Plan The City would like those using the city's solid The Bozeman Transportation Plan was prepared waste collection and disposal to pay for such services as by a consultant for the City and State Highway Depart- a utility. Current user fees levied each year for operation ment in 1982. The Plan's principal concept is a loop of the landfill would be eliminated. All those using the system comprised of Highland Boulevard, Kagy Boule- facility would pay a dumping charge based on the esti- vard, 19th Avenue and Oak Street, which will allow the mated weight of the material deposited. movement of traffic around, rather than through the ci- The life expectancy of the existing landfill is ty of Bozeman. limited, and options for obtaining new land for a land- Future Needs fill or some other method of solid waste disposal are now being considered. The future improvements and projected priorities were founded on traffic projections through the year 2000 and on an inspection of designated network prob- PARKS, RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE lem areas within the city of Bozeman. The Role of Recreation in Community Planning These future improvements and projected priorities were established on two scenarios dependent on future Bozeman's parks, recreation areas, and open funding possibilities. Scenario Number One is based on spaces are vital elements of the city's personality. The the current urban funding level and estimated funds as preservation and progression of these elements is an im- provided by the Montana Department of Highways. portant consideration in planning for the future of the Scenario Number Two is based on current and esti- Bozeman community. In order to maintain the quality mated urban funding levels,plus an additional$450,000 and character of our environment and the many ameni- per year to be provided by local funding sources. tics we enjoy, we must maintain and protect our parks A description of the priority items and a greater and open spaces. detail of the Transportation Plan appears in the De- As improved technology provides increased leisure velopment Plan Section of this document. time for people, they are able to spend more time doing the things they like to do—recreating. The rising cost of energy and transportation is causing the public to spend its leisure time closer to home in the City's recreation Solid Waste areas. Rising population, increased leisure time, and Existing System high transportation costs are placing increased demands The solid waste disposal site for Bozeman and on Bozeman's recreational facilities. It is the City's role much of the county is a 200-acre site located north of to expand and meet these demands. Bozeman on Story Mill Road. Of the 200 acres, there It is essential that we plan for future needs now by are only about 80 acres that are usable for landfilling acquiring additional parklands throughout the jurisdic- solid waste. The remainder of the parcel is traversed by tional area so that when the population demands it, two main drainages. The portion that is not now being these lands will be available for park development. By utilized by landfill is being leased for agricultural use. acquiring these lands now, we will insure Bozeman a The city collects solid waste from 5,200 residences future that continues its tradition of a beautiful and or about 65 percent of the residences within the cor- pleasant city environment. porate limits. The remainder, mostly new subdivisions Thought must also be given to acquisition and de- and Montana State University on-campus living,and all velopment of linear parks and path systems to connect of the commercial establishments are picked up by existing and proposed parklands to provide a network private haulers. Montana State University operates its of parks and open spaces throughout the city. own system, The inventory presented here is an update of the All of the city's solid waste, including Montana 1975 Bozeman Park and Recreation Inventory and State University, is brought to the landfill, as well as Work Plan and the 1979 Outdoor Recreation Open much of the waste picked up by the private companies Space Plan for Gallatin County. These two documents, serving the northeast portion of Gallatin County. plus the 1978 Proposed Goals and Policies Supplement to the Bozeman Area Master Plan, are the basis for the Current Operation goals and policies recommended. An assessment for garbage collection is levied to all residences served by City solid waste collection. A land- Park Standards and Definitions fill assessment is levied to all parties within the city cor- Different parks provide different recreational op- porate limits, regardless of who picks up their waste or portunities and services. Parks can be classified into one if they haul their own. Waste is collected by city service of five general categories: neighborhood, community, once per week with a fall and spring cleanup for leaves tot lot, specialty, and linear parks. Sometimes a park and yard waste. can be a combination of these park types. 3-26 Tot lots provide a recreational facility designed for Urban development or sprawl is threatening to con- young children. Structures such as sandboxes, slides, sume the open space resources Bozeman residents have swings, merry-go-rounds, monkey bars and the like are taken for granted.The preservation of this open space is located here. This park's primary function is to provide necessary to the preservation of Bozeman's living en- an active play area for the pre-school to early grade- vironment. school-aged children of the neighborhood. Rapid population growth and extensive urban de- Neighborhood parks provide a combination of ac- velopment are disrupting and altering our remaining tive and passive recreation opportunities for all age natural areas. Destruction of geologic and geographic groups in a defined neighborhood. The park should be formations, biotic communities and other natural areas centrally located and provide some forms of passive are being threatened. This population and development recreation, such as picnic areas, shade trees, or walking spread is overcrowding the land and creating a lack of areas, but its primary emphasis is to provide open space open space. for active play areas to be used by neighborhood chil- Open space is necessary to lessen this congestion dren and should include at least one ballfield. and to preserve natural ecological, geographical and Community parks provide a wide range of passive geological elements in our landscape. The provision and and active recreational opportunities for an entire com- preservation of open space lands are necessary to secure munity. An important asset for a community park is a park, recreation, historic, and scenic areas and to con- focal point to attract users and to provide a special iden- serve the land, its biotic communities, its natural re- tity to the park. Community parks are more intensely sources, and its geological and geographical elements in developed than other types of parks, therefore, require their natural state. The reservation or preservation of buffer zone spaces between active recreation areas and open space is vital to the future health, safety and surrounding neighborhoods. Good auto access and welfare of the Bozeman community. parking must be provided. The park should be de- veloped and maintained for intensive use. Specialty parks provide a special type of recrea- tional opportunity that capitalizes on a unique natural EXISTING LAND USE feature or on a population that is large enough to sup- The purpose of analyzing land activity P P Y g y patterns is port a special type of recreational demand. Examples to offer a better understanding of how land is used, are golf courses, historic sites, zoos and sport com- zoned and distributed. The recognition of the amount, plexes. location and type of use is vital to the understanding of Linear parks are corridors of land which provide the land activity public access between different locations for recrea- Patterns which exist in the city and its jurisdiction. To accomplish this analysis, a land use tional or transportation purposes. Improvements can survey is necessary. include facilities to aid walking, hiking and bicycling, In 1971, a land use survey was conducted in con- and rest stations. Table 14 outlines park acreage standards. By the junction with the writing of the master plan. This data was updated in the summer of 1981. Comparison can be use of such tables, Bozeman's park needs can be deter- made for general information. Statistical comparison is mined. more difficult.The City has increased some 650.63 acres Open Space as a result of annexation. In 1971, Bozeman was ap- Open space is defined as any land which is provided proximately 3,743.51 acres in size. In 1981, its size was or preserved for park or recreational purposes, conser- increased to approximately 4,394.14 acres. vation of land or other natural resources, historic or The actual zoning classification of land in the city and scenic purposes, or assisting in the shaping of the char- its jurisdiction does not necessarily reflect the land ac- acter, direction and time of community development, tivity patterns. The zoning classification which is as- The definition includes agricultural land, parkland, signed to each parcel of land more accurately reflects floodways, stream beds, water sheds, and hazardous the legal possible future use of the land than does the ex- building areas (including slide areas, fault zones, and isting land use activity. This is because there are some steep slopes). It also includes both public and private non-conforming uses and much of the land is not util- lands. ized to its zoned potential. TABLE 14 Acres per Recommended Population Potential 1000 Maximum and Potentially Service Park Type Population Minimum Size_ Served Area Tot Lot 1.5 ''/a-1 acre 500-2,500 '/z-mile radius Neighborhood 3.5 7 acre min. 2,000-6,500 '/2-mile radius Community varies 20-acre min. community 1 '/z-2-mile radius Specialty varies varies varies varies Linear varies varies varies varies 3-27 Present Land Use Inventory the only land zoned for mobile home development with- The 1981 inventory was done on-site in the city and in the city. the jurisdictional area. The amount of land in each The majority of growth that has taken place in the zone, as well as the amount of land in use, was then jurisdictional area in the last ten years has been single- measured and recorded. Upon completion of the land family residential, large lot growth. As of 1981, there measurement work, the data was summarized and were 1,558 single-family residential units in the jurisdic- totals for planning areas were compiled. tional area. Single-family development has doubled in All of the acreage figures include the areas of adja- the last ten years. cent streets, roads and alleys. There is also a total for The land use survey conducted in 1981 showed ap- area of roads in the city and jurisdiction. proximately 2,000 acres of land being utilized for single- family residences at that time,and over 7,000 acres have Residential Land Use been subdivided into residential lots of 20 acres or less. The majority of housing in Bozeman and the juris- The number of mobile homes has increased from dictional area is single-family residential. According to 227 to 556 in the last ten years. the land use inventory conducted by the planning staff There were approximately 300 acres zoned for mul- in 1981, 48 percent of all housing in the city was com- ti-family use in the jurisdictional area with approxi- prised of single-family housing. This was equivalent to mately 15 acres developed with 90 dwelling units. 3,184 housing units. Commercial Land Use There were approximately 783 acres in use for There are approximately 680 acres of land zoned single-family residences in 1981. This comprised about for commercial use in the city of Bozeman and 30 acres 17 percent of the city's total land use. Approximately zoned for commercial use in the jurisdictional area. Ap- 1,480 acres was zoned for single-family residences in proximately 290 acres of land are being utilized for com- Bozeman. At full development, this land could hold an mercial uses in the city and 241 acres are being utilized additional 4,357 dwelling units. Three major annexa- in the jurisdictional area. The majority of land being tions have occurred in Bozeman in the last few years. utilized for commercial development in the jurisdiction- The Valley Unit Annexation, west of Bozeman, is com- al area is non-conforming. prised of 320 acres that have been zoned. Phase I of this There are three zoning designations for commercial annexation is subdivided. In 1981, there were 130 single- land in Bozeman and the jurisdictional area: the central family residences and as of 1981, was not subdivided. business district; highway commercial development, The Allison Annexation, south of Bozeman is a tract of and neighborhood commercial development. land 121 acres in size and was zoned Agricultural Sub- The area zoned for the Central Business District is urban. This land will probably be rezoned and approximately 94 acres in size. Only 32 acres of this area developed for residential use in the future. is currently in commerical use. A major portion of this The number of multi-family units in Bozeman has land remains in single-family residential use.Therefore, increased greatly in the past few years. Nighty percent of there is more land available for commercial use within all housing starts in Bozeman from 1979 to 1981 have the Central Business District than may be expected to be been multi-family residential units in Bozeman. This utilized in the near future. As the commercial activity in totaled 43.9 percent of housing units in the city. There this area expands, the single-family residences will be were approximnately 2,885 multi-family units in the converted to commercial use. city. There has been a slow but steady conversion of There are approximately 500 acres of land zoned single-family units in the city. There has been a slow but for highway business use in the city of Bozeman with steady conversion of single-family residences to apart- about 250 acres being utilized at the present time. The ments in Bozeman.These conversions generally relate to majority of this development has taken place along supplying university students with housing, so conse- North 7th Avenue and West Main Street. quently, the majority of these conversions have taken There are approximately 38 acres of land zoned for place in the university area. From 1970 to 1981, approx- neighborhood commercial with about 20 acres being imately 900 multi-family units were converted from used at this time. The majority of the developed com- single-family residences. mercial land is in the university area with locations set In Bozeman, mobile homes are a great deal less im- aside in Valley Unit Subdivision and Story Hills Annex- portant than conventional housing because of the lack ation as these areas develop. of land available to develop new mobile home parks. There are approximately four and one-half acres of land used for mobile homes on individual lots in the city. industrial Land Use There are approximately 65 acres of land with There are presently 679 acres of land zoned for in- developed mobile home parks scattered around the city dustrial use in the city of Bozeman. Of this, 135 acres with about 500 mobile homes situated in these parks. are now being utilized.The majority of this land is being Most of the mobile home parks in the city are developed used for light industrial purposes in the northern Por- to capacity. tion of the city. There are 30 acres of land zoned residential-mobile There are 52 acres zoned for technology-research home in the northest planning sector of Bozeman; this is with nine acres presently being used for the existing elec- 3-28 tronics assembly plant. There are seven additional acres 80 acres in size, and this limits its agricultural use poten- for plant site expansion adjacent to the existing plant. tial. Figure 11 shows that about 17,969 acres outside the The remainder of the zoned land is located in Valley planned central facilities area has not had its Unit Annexation. agricultural use potential impacted by urban develop- ment. Existing residential development in the jurisdic- tional area outside the City of Bozeman occupies about Soils within the planning area with highest crop 3,122 acres and has a population of about 5,787 people yield potential are in areas south of the city on either and 2,278 dwelling units. The average developed side of Sourdough Creek, east of the city, generally residential property is approximately 1.41 acres in size, south of Interstate 90 and northwest on either side of The projected year 2000 population is 8,627, which re- the East Gallatin River. The agricultural potential of the fleets an increase of 3,150 people and 1,240 dwelling latter are limited somewhat by poorly drained and units. As the approximate average density of current swampy areas which are interspersed within good pro- development, about 1,748 acres of now vacant and ducing agricultural soils with little slope to impede ir- agricultural land will be developed for residential use rigation or the use of machinery (Figure 10). between 1981 and 2000. The land use survey prepared by the planning staff The city of Bozeman is greatly affected by devel- during the summer of 1981 showed 41,947 acres of the opment that occurs outside the city. To a lesser extent, jurisdictional area outside the city to be in agricultural development within the city affects the county. The ef- use. This is approximately 82 percent of the total land fects are felt by the residents of those jurisdictions area. Over 90 percent of the land in the west and north- because of the demands placed on the services supplied west planning areas was in agricultural use, and nearly by the City and County governments. 85 percent in agricultural use in the east planning area. Nearly half the people working in the city of Agricultural activities have not been as severely im- Bozeman live outside the city limits. They travel city patted by urban development in these areas as in some streets, use city services and require police and fire pro- others, and these are areas with the more productive tection, but they do not help pay for these services. This soils on moderately sloping to level terrain. Large problem is compounded by the fact that approximately acreages were also in agricultural use south and south- 50 percent of the city's population is comprised of west of the city. The southwest planning area contained University students of which a majority lives on campus 6,916 acres, nearly 80 percent of it in agricultural use. and does not pay property taxes. Approximately 718 The southern planning area contained over 7,300 acres acres or approximately 16 percent of the city is tax ex- in agricultural use, which is about 72 percent of the total empt University property. These factors impose severe land. These are also generally more productive soils on burdens on city residents. State legislation and effective gently sloping to level terrain. It is important to note the land use planning can help prevent this from becoming a large areas remaining in agricultural use are areas zoned bigger problem in the future. AS, Agricultural Suburban, ten acres per dwelling unit. The total area of land likely to be taken out of Approximately 23,740 acres of the City-County agricultural use and developed over the next 20 years Planning Board's jurisdictional area is zoned. Some will have little effect on agricultural production because 21,438 acres are zoned Agricultural Suburban,which re- it is not likely it will total more than 1,000 to 1,200 acres quires ten acres per dwelling unit. About one half of in the jurisdictional area. However, several thousand this, 10,238 acres, is undeveloped land for which the acres are likely to have the agricultural use potential agricultural use potential has not been impaired by ur- eliminated or severely impacted as a result of speculative ban development or local subdivision activity. subdivision activity, scattered subdivisions and dis- Figure I 1 shows the impact development has had persed developments unless public policies help modify on agricultural land use potential. All but about 1,225 these practices. It may be particularly important to note acres of the land within the planned central sewer and that: 1) the modification of state subdivision law could water service area have little or no agricultural land use be the most important single action to help preserve and potential. About 9,375 acres of the land outside the protect agricultural activities; 2) more productive planned facilities area have been subdivided and par- agricultural lands have tended not to be developed and tially developed, and about 5,311 acres have been sub- the ten acre minimum lot size has reduced the rate of divided to prepare it for development. The planned development; 3) past practices may have discouraged facilities area is that area around the city that may development in planned sewer service areas by permit- possibly be serviced by the city's sanitary sewer system ting the subdivision of land located in outlying areas; at its present capacity. Some 9,822 acres is considered to and 4) past practices of approving scattered develop- have its agricultural use potential severely impacted ment in outlying locations has led to higher public ser- because it is adjacent to subdivided and/or developed vice and facility costs, a reduction in quality of services land on at least two sides and contains no parcels 200 and facilities, and may have helped assure the necessity acres or larger. About 6,727 acres is in parcels less than of higher local taxes in the future. 3-29 'r��,Z7 aua•4 „ ��V,�„ 'a,°v.�A�:v'�p 0,�'Yo• 9 ;=���[d7y�j�O�a�'ft':•,�,F;2e°gL4or-�,.o po07.�L?O O _ )ill u\�i'+�h•�74 a pjCYu1.• .OX�aoipc:�$:n: .cS •�•�.io s`tea°� ' �pc,;.,ad�::i P�J�17,5•�0�;���4" •b g0:�•;,n°�j°l'v°���.1�1N�,`.U"�Qo(�f>�..I�.2 a:ngL':LY"�;o•O��(n�o�3�' - J � •N e�.a,�°pY O'U ?np60u4gi�;,:-�`.+r�•Pp+ r'oQbS:a;•O,i10•' — — av o��j(;i,�� '''�''SS a p>' dUCq yJ,e�7 �•.off. :��� 4 +•-.u+e f�d Ind n�?a"uU r4 i� �W'}�a[�a t '� Gl O,� o' .i•U Z � C •'` ti 7p y '10• pGo•�v$C ice' ���A )•�c?9�{°�oQoLjo;��O��tf°n;?�yQ�4";O$jA�hQ.O��7�ai �ti�'. Q� Q. pu S�"�d .2a��to�c•�L^G�.'o �4-a'�"e"'�.•C�''g �0: b'p C ••car d. V 'O 7 pu'�r•11P.�;'�•"•�aj •d3,r, cj'ci "�fY' o ta• aa Yd•4'Ajt•- Fyo.C7•Y+Q. .fR' •, J y tr•7�+ c;-a�V', - !✓'" �� 1• "U.-':r{. ui°r, (/l •� ` �'o:n. r5¢may, o$c�,"P�� nv•. ,4 b.. 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'C.�°.,'%;oa�wa°'n/o o'•$.aay.�p �o,• o�5�°cb�q.°a 'nPw k °Os.p•KM' UO, "O oU o ,eta � i:�.o Su;O.w,o•n. °oa8:p �•'r28'°b°o u�••(�^qo°�°QP�.��.o�"'°� �. � y $�o :�vOoo,n o�°•ppao o,o o• "'o,o+�• "t7 j' � 00,0°° PGod '° V. °0 n.° °0 v6°(�`°b4��:a ua•o .°.ago o°O.°' �-Ap7�" 2 p[�,Op i7: �',�/!° •p. o00,Rp `�340°• M ��' ^�, •ti10 •- ,4 o11�Uy��^� o-•-y.°t. .��' d�`'titi! ;;"a,:R:n•4,�3� • v£l�5,}'�"4��y��bbcb � � q1[��;"ai-jYnq;hy4;••6 p:dCY � ••°��opppp, •w y` ( AC yin. Ua A'j�De� u 0 �Q• D� .1 I oSU° •o S t7° 3-31 � � LIFE, � MIX� � N-1VT-7 �L NJ - 1 rAsa� a-7 � � •BI,��rr.•1xr_ / "a� !y� -- r-. - _ ,+.r•,Wr.�!�-%�_. r.;. . ' _"7f'w+•S► ..,"� �JL�If•Afi���j F.I�It�!} �'.'f��� .. ..-~ '♦ •. � ' i /yI w-_ .1' n "-b:. •^ter' �•Y. �s_ J ♦ i - �.. I)o i-r'• r 1Yr�• tA}J''t �'.. 'e�9' rr -.. « �...�{-`,� .�^ r'ir,� --.� ; .� -♦ �" ��. Ab 'ti :p. /ptT � :i�r. � y!"*j.""' �• r�,✓af•rr'F n-�' � �.i%ti'. ♦ 1 SECTION IV THE DEVELOPMENT PLAN All communities have problems. When the prob- per the above population projections suggests there will lems are identified, recognized and understood, it is be about 1,240 new homes built in this area by the year possible to consider realistically what are likely to be the 2000. There is much more land subdivided than will be future conditions in the community. By projecting required by these new homes. future conditions now, measures can be taken to help al- One concern or problem is that there is not enough lcviate some of the forthcoming problems. By solving development in present subdivisions so that the people the problems, it is possible to decide the kind of com- can afford to maintain and keep up the roads and other munity there will be in the future. General statements improvements, and the population projections do not which describe the community desired in the future are suggest there will be enough in the future to solve this called goals. Goals must be attainable to be useful, so problem. the resources available to solve the issues and problems must also be known and understood. Large Lot Development Within Action must be taken and decisions must be made Central Facilities Service Area to solve community issues and problems. The specific Large lot development with on-site sewer and water actions and decisions necessary to attain the goals are has taken place within the planned Bozeman central called policies. The following is a broad outline of sewer and water service area, and special zoning areas issues, goals and policies for the Bozeman area. These have been created to permit development with one, two, issues, goals and policies are based on the analysis and three,etc., acre lots in these areas. This will tend to stop background studies previously described in this plan the extension of central sewer and water facilities; it will document; namely, history of the area, past planning retard the growth of the entire urban area;and it will in- activities, present plans, natural physical features of the crease the cost paid by all people for facilities and ser- area, development features and projections of future vices, thus having a negative impact on the local econ- conditions. This outline is not intended as a complete omy. description, but it does provide the broad base of inter- Should development within these central facilities pretive information necessary for understanding the service areas be controlled unless central sewer and master plan. This outline also contains the tools neces- water has been made available? This Master Plan rec- sary for implementing the plan. ommends development be restricted until central sewer and water has been constructed. QUESTIONS, ISSUES AND PROBLEMS Development With On-Site Sewer and Water Vacant Subdivisions and Unused Facilities On the average, the subdivision and State Depart- Population growth in the Bozeman area the past 20 ment of Health regulations will allow development of years has been quite rapid, and the outlook for future about one dwelling unit per acre with on-site sewer and economic and population growth are encouraging. But, water. This generally will not create a problem or con- prospects for the future arc definitely limited. If Big Sky taminate surface or ground water. However, over a and other developments of similar impact on Bozeman large area, it is possible that development at one to one grow to a size comparable to Vail, Aspen, Sun Valley, and one-half acres per dwelling could create the poten- etc., during the next 15 years; if the Bozeman area at- tial for ground water pollution. It is possible that if tracts new industries employing at least 700 to 800 peo- most of the vacant subdivision lots in the planning area ple, and if Montana State University increases enroll- were developed, there could be surface and ground ment to about 17,000, then the Bozeman area popula- water pollution problems in some areas. Measures such tion should increase to about 41,000 people by the year as requiring that septic tanks be pumped and flushed 2000. Population of Bozeman and the planning area every 12 to 18 months might help reduce the potential was 27,128 in 1980; as of July, 1983, the population is problem; however, there is a possibility that once estimated to be 28,262. ground water is polluted, it will remain polluted for an There are about 7,000 acres subdivided for devel- extended period of time. opment in the planning area outside the city and outside Should the Master Plan control development with the design area for the Bozeman sewer system. Demand on-site sewer and water to prevent possible problems? 4-1 This Master Plan supports the development of such con- Should the Master Plan provide for protection of trols, views and vistas such as the top of Sourdough Ridge and Basic Facilities Must Be Designed for the Future Story Hills; should it restrict building heights when Major expansion of the Bozeman Wastewater necessary to prevent blocking of views; should it pro- Treatment Facility is being completed. The expansion is vide for the protection of floodplains and stream banks; designed to serve a population of some 36,000 people. should it protect and enhance its historical resources; The population served in 1980 according to the census should it provide for the protection of ground and sur- was 21,645. The present 1982 population served is csti- face water quality; should it provide for protection of mated to be 22,575 people, and the projected year 2000 wildlife winter range areas; should it prevent develop- population to be served is 32,853 people. It is concluded ment of steep slopes, landslide-prone areas, fault zones the facility will have sufficient capacity well into the and productive agricultural land, and should it prevent twenty-first century. Since wastewater treatment strip commercial development and the carnival appear- facilities generally operate more effectively and effi- ance generally associated with such development on ap- cienlly near design capacity, and since per capita costs proaches to the city? This Master Plan concludes that will tend to decrease dramatically with increase in one of the Bozeman area's most important resources is population served, it is also concluded that encourage- its natural beauty. This resource must be protected. The ment of development within the sewer service area will answer is yes to all the previously stated questions. benefit the entire Bozeman area. GOALS AND POLICIES Urban Sprawl Interferes with Agriculture Background for Goals and Policies If new residential development in the jurisdictional Goals have meaning only when they are followed area from 1982 through 2000 is at the approximate den- by some action of policy which causes them to be sity of present development, 1.41 acres per dwelling, the achieved. Any goal for which there is not to be a eom- projected 1,240 new homes will occupy about 1,748 mitment to decision or action should be removed from acres of land. 'Phis is not a large amount of land, con- the Master Plan. Meaningless goals—those not ful- sidering the jurisdictional planning area is about 52,000 filled—lead to loss of confidence in the Master Plan,the acres in size. Therefore, it is not likely to remove large Planning Board and public officials of the community. areas of land from agricultural use since about 47,947 The goals are listed by number so that they may be acres are in agricultural use. referenced to policy statements which follow them. However, several thousand acres are likely to have Many policies will help fulfill more than one goal. their agricultural use potential eliminated or severely Master Plan Goals limited as a result of speculative subdivision activity, scattered subdivisions and dispersed developments. Residential Gouts Some 9,822 acres may already be considered to have had 1. Encourage high density development where their agricultural use potential severely impacted there is adequate road, bicycle and pedestrian because they are adjacent to subdivided and/or devel- access, in close proximity to shopping and oped land on at least two sides. Another 6,727 acres are employment and near the central business dis- in parcels less than 80 acres in size. This limits their trict. agricultural use potential. About 17,969 acres have not 2. Encourage construction of a full range of had their agricultural use potential impacted by scat- housing types, sizes and costs to assure the op- tered urban development. portunity for future residents to obtain a This Master Plan supports prevention of scattered choice of living environments. residential development to help preserve and protect 3. Encourage planned unit/cluster residential de- agricultural land and activities. This policy will also help velopment techniques that feature a variety of assure more efficient public facilities and services. housing types, designed to enhance the natural Modification to control misuse of exemptions to the environment, conserve energy and to provide state subdivision law could be an important action to efficient public services and facilities. help. This Master Plan recommends consideration of 4. Encourage the preservation and rehabilitation development density transfer rights. of the existing housing stock to promote the Bozeman has Unique Natural Beauty health, safety and general welfare of the residents of the city of Bozeman and its juris- The beauty of the city of Bauman and the Gallatin dictional area, regardless of income levels. Valley is a valuable resource. The area is truly unique. The people have done a good job of protecting these Public Facilities Goals resources, but some of the uniqueness has been de- 5. Provide municipal water supply to meet future stroyed; some has been damaged, and some is being needs of the Bozeman area. threatened. Bozeman and the Gallatin Valley are not 6. Encourage development of residential areas at likely to continue to grow and develop as a tourist, cul- higher densities and in locations so as to tural and employment center unless their amenities are minimize the cost and maximize the benefit of protected. providing public services and facilities, and 4-2 UPDATED GOALS AND OBJECTIVES BOZEMAN CITY-COUNTY PLANNING BOARD CITY COMMISSION COMMENTS JUNE 19, 1989 City has asked that an overall goal statement be prepared b_y the Planning Board for inclusion here as a preamble, with an emphasis on preservation of natural amenities .] PUBLIC FACILITY GOALS AND THEIR OBJECTIVES: 1 . Assess , plan for and provide adequate municipal water supply and central sewer services to meet future needs of the Bozeman Urban Area , and encourage and promote the conservation of water . A . Develop and implement comprehensive municipal water- development and central sewer- service plans , including identification of specific actions to be taken and a public information program. ( 1 ) The water development plan shall identify sources of water to augment those presently used . Sources to be considered shall include usable water rights aquisition , ground water development , water conservation , water storage, and other possibilities . The plan shall further include a program to examine, repair , and construct water supply facilities as needed , and shall propose a schedule for such activities . ( 2 ) The sewer system plan shall include a program to examine , repair, modify and construct storm and waste sewerage delivery , processing and disposal facilities for the future, and shall propose a schedule for such activities . B. Develop a capital improvement plan to implement the water and sewer development plans . C. Revise the boundaries of the Bozeman Urban-Service Area to reflect realistic economic and engineering constraints for water and sewer system needs and facilities. D. Revise annexation , zoning and subdivision policies and regulations as necessary to conform with the Bozeman Urban- Service Area . E. Develop land-use classifications that are consistent with the Bozeman Urban Service Area boundary, and insure that adequate sewer and water service facilities are available for current and projected future demands . MAY 15, 1989 UPDATE PAGE 1 2. Provide for adequate solid waste disposal for the jurisdictional area while reducing the need for sanitary landfill and the demand for natural resources. A. Develop and implement a comprehensive solid waste disposal plan for the jurisdiction 4meludlmg which recoenzres and encourages recygµli_ng, and which .includes identification of specific actions to be taken and a public information program. ( 1. ) They solid waste disposal plan %hall .identify sources of solid waste and assess demand for solid waste disposal area ; shall explore alternative waste disposal strategies with other communities; and shall develop an implementation Strategy for the juridsictional area. S . Develop a capital improvement plan to implement the solid waste disposal plan . 3. EnCOUrage development to occur within the Bozeman Urban Services Area. A . Investigate expedited review procedures , cost-sharing opportunities , flexibility in standards , and other methods to increase the feasibility of developing within the Urban Services Area. 4. Encourage development of newlv� D„lanned residential areas a+ high&r-wdeR5i7t-ies-Arvd in locations which minimize the cost and maximize the benefit of providing public services and facilities. A. Designate more hirgh-density single-family residential areas in the Bozeman Urban Service Area; through zoning and subdivision regulations and planned , phased extension of facilities. s. Adopt zoning standards, and procedures which encourage developments that make efficient use of facilities . 5. The cost of providing public facilities for future development should be borne, can a fair share basis, by the development that requires them. A. Develop a technique to identify and evaluate the fair share of development impacts . 6. Public facilities ( buildings) should be planned for future capacity, long-term service, dependability , and safety. A. Develop and implement a comprehensive public facilities plan . MAY 1.5, 1969 UPDATE PAGE 2 ( 1 ) Plan shall include an assessment of future capacity , long-term service dependability and safety. B. Develop a public facilities Capital Improvement Plan to implement the public facilities plan , C. Review the Bozeman Area and Gallatin County Subdivision Regulations , and update as necessary to continue good quality public facility planning and construction standards. 7 . Encourage in-fill development where appropriate to assure maximum use of existing public utilities within the Bozeman Urban Service Area and maximum cast-efficiency to the city and the users . A. Adopt zoning procedures which encourage cluster developments that make efficient use of facilities, and encourage development where facilities can be economically provided . TRANSPORTATION GOALS AND THEIR OBJECTIVES : 1 . Provide an up-to-date transportation plan which can accommodate both current and projected growth patterns, tied to a fwnd,i.ng mechanism 'For each of the fol lowing qj?, ,ectives . A. Encourage the formation of a Transporation Planning Committee , Consisting of local members of the Policy Coordinating Committee (PCC) , and Technical Advisory Committee ( TAC ) , and � ad iLian.al citizen representa„tion„. which could assume greater responsibility for overall transportation planning in the Bozeman Area. B. Develop a prioritized Capital Improvements Program to construct and maintain the transportation network as specified in the transportation plan . C. Review the current transportation plan and update to include the following : ( 1 ) A strategy to reduce through truck traffic through downtown Bozeman ; ( 2) A procedure 'to gooperate with Montana State University to po ve regarding traffic related problems in and around campus; (3) A bicycle plan to provide for Safe bicycle movement, including designation of appropriate bicycle routes and development of a comprehensive bicycle safety program. MAY 15, 1989 UPDATE PAGE 3 ( 4) A pedestrian plan to provide for safe pedestrian walkways .in Bozeman . D. Develop and consider alternative implementation strategies to fund construction of the Transportation Plan . Ev---Keep--SauthjIth open -rjmtj,j +y--agt-eed-aPon ss c��isr� - s���resety erg-- � a ice. pedestr-iam--cDR414ets--on eampr�s-ts-we�►�hed 2. Use subdivision and zoning regulations and PUD standards to minimize the number of approaches onto designated collectors and arterial highways. ENVIRONMENT, AESTHE'ric AND NATURAL. RESOURCE: GOALS AND THEIR OBJECTIVES: i . Identify environmental constraints and preserve aesthetic resources of the Bozeman Area . A. Work with City and County Staff , MSU, State Agencies, amd Federal Agencies, and Co,m.missigo-appointed advisory grougg. to identify areas io the Bozeman City County Planning Area with natural or human ,induced hazards which limit development potential . E3. Identify and protect areas with unique natural characteristics such as stream corridors and wetlands within the jurisdictional area. C. Use the Master Flan , zoning and subdivision regulations to protect the safety and welfare of the Public iR by identi.:fyinq areas with physical constraints. Examples of such areas include floodplains , landslide-prone areas, steep slopes, fault zones, areas susceptible to severe erosion problems , fill areas , and areas of high water table. 2. Emeaufage Support the establishment and maintenance of Sre,gn,bglts and/or open space A-r---Ene!euwage-gt-eenbe4fis- and-cep&M spa�ebekweeR- de�respmets through zoning and subdivision review. 3. Encourage adequate development, management and maintenance for parks and recreational areas. A. Develop a City-County open space and recreation plan that provides for the development and maintenance of subdivision parks and open space. B. Educate the public regarding the formation of park development and maintenance districts. MAY 15, 1989 UPDATE PAGE 4 C. Use annexation , subdivision , and zoning regulations to implement City and County Parks and Recreation Plan , D. Develop a joint Capital improvement Program to develop park and recreation facilities to implement the City and County Parks and Recreation Plan . E. Seek federal , state and local funding for the development of dedicated parklands. P. Investigate strategies to develop large City and County parks and recreational facilities. G. Continue to purchase land along Sourdough Creek for eventual park development. 4 . Encourage agribusiness and the amenities _it provides by protecting and preserving Gallatin Valley ' s productive agricultural operations through well--planned development within the jurisdictional area . A. Identify agriculturally productive soils and investigate strategies to encourage development on less productive soils. B. Use Master Plan , Subdivision , Zoning and other techniques to protect productive agricultural operations within the jurisdictional area but outside the urban service area. C� Encourage more efficient use of land through smaller lot size and increased densities throughout the jurisdictional area. 5 . Preserve, protect and promote high quality standards for the Bozeman area ' s groundwater , surface water and air. A. Develop zoning and subdivision controls to require stream bank buffer strips for sediment, erosion and water pollution control and to protect riparian areas. B. Require storm water retention and detention facilities where applicable for any constrution ; require permanent erosion and sediment control facilities as needed for all construction , and require facilities for removal of solids and oils from storm drainage water. C. Establish and adopt clean air standards , MAY 15, 1989 UPDATE PAGE 5 6. Control the spread of noxious weeds in the Bozeman area . A. Require adherence to the City and County noxious weed control programs tHr-ough as a __condi.ti,on of annexation , subdivision review and zoning procedures . 7. Promote, encourage and enhance an aesthetically pleasing community. A. Develop and implement a sign code to enhance the appearance of the Bozeman Area. B. use subdivision and zoning review to require businesses and government to install and maintain landscaping. C. Develop and implement a City Landscape Plan to beautify streets, parking lots , public lands , and if possible, state highways. D. Encourage beautification through landscaping of areas used extensively by the public , such as commercial , industrial , and governmental areas, E. Bursa�ap.erty__exchanges and- Durchases that arg.. aimed at PreSe,rvin or r_ehabtlitating hi.stori,c� sites , rid.,c�elwir►es , stream corridor.j_,__._,aCg s of natural beluty, yiewsheds , and parklands . 6. Promote and encourage aesthetically-pleasing cluster development on the approaches to the city. A, Identify entry-way corridors to Bozeman inside and outside the jurisdictional area in cooperation with the City and County. B. Jointly plan entry-way corridors to Bozeman. C. Develop corridor development standards for the entryways to the City. D. Use the Master Plan , subdivision regulations and zoning to permit highway business only when clustered in planned commercial centers or other compact commercial nudes . aes�het��,cP�ara���er����-Abe-Bezemar}-Area COMMERCIAL,., I NEWSR I AL AND GENERAL_ ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND THEIR OBJECT I VES - 1 . Maintain and strengthen the central business district as a commercial , cultural and symbolic center for the Bozeman Area. MAY 15, 196? UPDATE PAGE 6 A. Develop incentives to stimulate office/business development, high density residential development, and cultural and entertainment facilities in and near the central business district . Create an identification of the Bozeman Area as a cultural and recreational center. 3. Continue to support the long-term economic development goals of the community, and support the programs necessary to accomplish these goals. A. Develop a procedure in cooperation with the Gallatin Development Corporation , Chamber of Commerce, Technical Advisory Committee, and City--County Planning Staff to guide new businesses through the review process. B. Encourage and support activities which will implement adopted strategic economic development plans, and coordinate said plans with the area' s land use planning efforts. 3: 44 . Encourage improvement of the appearance of existing designated industrial areas and encourage infilling of designated industrial areas. R, !�_ . Encourage economic development associations to promote the expansion of existing businesses and the location of new businesses that will provide a wide variety of industrial and commercial activities , te--p�e�rrde,_a--a t►� speeteoffiof--,fab mppamtmnirties- providing they are harmonious with our natural environment . A. Encourage the economic development associations to coordinate planning issues between local businesses and the City of Bozeman and Gallatin County through public/private assistance and awareness programs. -5-r 66 . Support the growth and stability of the University. A. Encourage the City, County and University to cooperate in coardinati.nq economic goals and long-range planning . ENERGY AND RESOURCE CQNSERVATION GOALS „AND THEIR OBJECTIVES% 1 . Encourage innovative development to be designed for maximum use of alternative energy resources and to conserve energy, and other resources. A. Use subdivision and zoning regulations to promote alternate energy resources and to conserve energy, land and other resources. MAY 15, 1969 UPDATE PAGE 7 B. Amend the Master plan , building codes, zoning and subdivision regulations to preserve and maximize solar access to existing and future development whenever possible. C. Use Subdivision and Zoning Regulations to encourage residential development within walking distance of employment, shopping , and recreation areas. RESIDENTIAL. GOALS AND THEIR OBJECTIVES: 1 . Encourage residential development in the City of Bozeman where there is adequate road , bicycle and pede5tr,ian access, with previsions for shopping and commercial development. A. .-Through zoning and subdivision regulations , provide for reidential development in and ad ac the Central c W, 1,�w �!y.,.. ..�w._ . S.us.iness District and near appropriate commercial nodes. 2. Encourage construction of a full range of housing types , size; and costs , including manufactured and modular homes, to assure the opportunity for future residents to obtain a choice of living environments. 3. Encourage planned unit developments and cluster residential development techniqup_5 that feature a variety of housing types , designed to enhance the natural environment, conserve energy and to provide efficient public services and facilities . 4 . Encourage the preservation and rehabilitation of the existing Mousing stock to promote the health, safety and general welfare of the residents of the City of Bozeman and its jurisdictional area, regardless of income levels . A. L-ow interest rehabilitation loans for low and moderate income persons shall be made, when available, for the revitalization of neighborhoods in designated areas that have deteriorating and substandard living conditions. R. Residential neighborhoods shall be revitalized as funding b come5 available for such purposes as renovation of neighborhood residences and buildings, public facilities, litter control , and development of parks and playgrounds . 5. Recognize and , to the extent passible, preserve and promote the unique character of neighborhoods in the City of Bozeman through land use classifications and zoning . A. Utilize zoning regulations to discourage conversions of single--family residences to multi-family residences including duplexes, triplexes, and fourplexes) in Bozeman ' s older neighborhoods, where parking facilities and other MAY 15, 1.9e? UPDATE PAGE 8 infrastructure elements are inadequate to serve higher density populations . B. Establish criteria to identify mixed use neighborhoods. C. Develop mixed use overlay zoning regulations for neighborhoods which exhibit an existing mix of commercial , industrial , and residential uses . ADM I N I S'rRAT I VE/REVIEW _PROCESS; GOALS,- 09JECT I VES AND IMPL.EMENTATiON STRATEGIES- GCIAIr Develop a clear land use review process that provides for objective standards where possible for all land and/or building development while ensuring provisions for adequate public review. OBJECTIVE NO. 1 : Organize the regulary agencies and area of jurisdiction to maximize administrative capabilities and efficiency. IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES: A . Develop and present a proposal for action by the governing bodies to combine the membership and functions of the Bozeman City-County Planning Board and Bozeman Zoning Commission , 8. Encourage the joint utilization of the City-County Planning Office and County Subdivision Review Office to undertake special projects. C. Develop procedures to insure cooperation and interaction between local governments , advisory boards, public officials , and M.S.U. D. Develop and present a proposal for re-aligning the City-County planning jurisdictional boundary so that it coincides with the City' s extraterritorial Zoning district boundary. This proposal should reflect anticipated growth patterns in the jurisdictional area , and ultimately , sewer and water service area boundaries and entryway aesthetic consicferation . E . Encourage w the County Commission and County residents to develop additional citizen-initiated lann,ina and zoning districts surrounding themgresen.t And/or DroDosed .jurisdictional bQunda.ry, OBJECTIVE NO. `2: Revise and clarify land-use regulations to increase flexibility and strengthen enforcement. MAY 15, Iva? UPDATE PAGE 9 IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES: A. upon completion and approval of the Master Plan Update, re-write the Bozeman Zoning Code, including : 1 . Development of clear, objective, and specific performance standards that guide the Planned Unit Development process within residential , commercial , and industrial areas. 2. Development of general performance standards for identified "multiple-use" and "entryway" areas of the community. 3. As performance standards are adopted for each broad land-use category ( residential , commercial , industrial , multiple-use, and entryways ) eliminate "T-District" regulations in that category . B. 6J*_!4},-e Devel= a design-compatible review process which involves the public in the conceptual stage of a development proposal , and which utilizes staff expertise to address detailed standards after conceptual approval is granted . 1 . Develop and approve a set of submittal requirements necessary to provide for conceptual review of a project. 2. Commission approval of a project to occur at conceptual level , 3. Staff to review and approve detailed standards for final site plans. 4. Any appeal of detailed standard disagreements between staff and a developer will be made to the City or County Commissions. C. Establish and utilize a Development Review Committee ( ORC) to advise developers at both the conceptual and detailed level of review. D. Convert the Bozeman Area Land Use Map to a more conceptual , soft--edged one which would include broader land use classifications, provide for multiple use areas , and which would address the concept of compatibility between adjoining land uses. 09JECTIVE_...NO. 3; Require the City-County Planning Soard to prepare a pribritized five-year- long-range program of work , annually review the program, dffRaak+y and prepare a program MAY 15, 1989 UPDATE PAGE 10 budget each year which prioritizes implementation activities and identifies funds to help pay for these activities. OBJECTIVE NO 4: Require that the program budget and long-- range program of work be based can the goals and policies of the adopted master plan . OBJECTIVE NO. 5: Require that the program budget include review and update of the adopted master plan at least one time every five years. OBJECTIVE NO. 6:, Establish an educational program to assist in a better understanding of all parties regarding the master plan and its operation . IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES: A. Staff shall prepare a development guidebook regarding the planning process , policies, time frames, and all relevant requirements. B. The City-County Planning Berard shall establish a regularly scheduled orientation program for the members of the Zoning Commi%ia;ion , .Board of Adjustment, Gallatin County Commission , and City Commission to acquaint them with the contents of the Plan and to encourage adherence to the Plan ' s goals and objectives . HISTORIC PRESERVATION GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND I MPL.EMENTAT I©N 5TRAI_�QIE_q (From Historic Preservation Advisory Commission ) GOAL: PRESERVE AND ENHANCE ALL OF THE FEATURES OF THE COMMUNITY' S HERITAGE THAT DEFINE AND CONTRIBUTE "ro GAL.LrATIN VALLEY' S UNIQUE "QUALITY OF LIFE" OBJECTIVE I - IDENTIFY: Continue to identify buildings, design elements and natural features that singularly and collectively Contribute to the historic fabric of the Gallatin Valley. OBJECTIVE 11 - EDUCATE: Undertake programs 'that will increase community awareness of , sensitivity toward and practical knowledge about its heritage and the economic a5 well as aesthetic value of preservation . OBJECTIVE III - MOTIVATE: Encourage HPAC to conduct activities directed toward stimulating private and public investment in the restoration of historic buildings, outdoor spaces and natural features. MAY 15, 1989 UPDATE PAGE 11 OBJECTIVE IV -- GOVERNMENTAL AGENCY ACTIONS: Strengthen the City ' s ability to foster preservation and conservation by supporting the efforts of the Historic Preservation Advisory Commission , by incorporating necessary changes into the City-Gounty Comprehensive plan , zoning ordinance and other regulatory codes , and by department and personnel directives. GOVERNMENTAL AGENCY IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES 1 ) Direct all city agencies and Personnel , when in contact with property owners or lessees planning or undertaking changes of buildings, outdoor spaces or natural 'features in Historic Districts , upon structures constructed prior to World War 11 or upon more recently constructed architectually significant structures, to notify the City Historic Preservation Officer of such change and encourage the party ( s ) to take advantage of the services offered by the HPQ and Historic Preservation Advisory Commission . 2) Direct all city agencies and personel prior to and early in consideration of any change to city owned or controlled property ( including buildings, outdoor spaces , natural features, rights-of-ways or facilities ) , to seek comment from the Historic Preservation Advisory Commission . 3) Request and encourage all other governmental agencies (school district, county, etc . ) and general public related agencies (M.S .U. , Montana Power, etc . ) prior to and early in consideration of any change to property ( including buildings, outsdoor spaces, natural features, rights-of-way or facilities) to also seek comment from the Historic Preservation Advisory Commission . 4) Amend zoning and other codes and ordinances as necessary to eliminate provisions which present or discourage preservation actions; and , adopt provisions that will encourage and reward preservation and restoration sensitive to the history, design and neighboring properties. 5) Adopt policies and implement measures as may be appropriate to protect the unique features of each of the several historic neighborhoods and individual historic properties. b) Issue such proclamations and directives as needed to support, publicize and encourage historic preservation . 7) Provide financial support to the Historic Preservation Advisory Commission as necessary and prudent. MAY 15, 19B9 UPDATE WAGE 12 (FINAL DRAFT) UPDATED GOALS AND OBJECTIVES (� BOZEMAN CITY-COUNTY PLANNING BOARD MAY 15, 1989 Iv PUBLIC FACILITY GOALS AND THEIR OBJECTIVES: 1 . Assess , plan for and provide adequate municipal water supply and central sewer services to meet future needs of the Bozeman Urban Area , and encourage and promote the conservation of water. A. Develop and implement comprehensive municipal water- development and central sewer service plans , including identification of specific actions to be taken and a public information program. ( 1 ) The water development plan shall identify sources of water to augment those presently used . Sources to be considered shall include usable water rights aquisition , ground water development , water conservation , water storage, and other possibilities. The plan shall further include a program to examine, repair, and construct water supply facilities as needed , and shall propose a schedule for such activities . ( 2) The sewer system plan shall include a program to examine , repair, modify and construct storm and waste sewerage delivery, processing and disposal facilities for the future, and shall propose a schedule for such activities. B. Develop a capital improvement plan to implement the water and sewer development plans. C. Revise_ the-boundaries of the Bozeman Urban-Service Area to reflect realistic economic and engineering constraints for water and sewer system needs and facilities. D. Revise annexation , zoning and subdivision policies and regulations as necessary to conform with the Bozeman Urban- Service Area. E. Develop land-use classifications that are consistent with the Bozeman Urban Service Area boundry, and insure that adequate sewer and water service facilities are available for current and projected future demands. MAY 15, 1989 UPDATE PAGE 1 2. Provide for adequate so-lid _waste disposal for the jurisdictional area while reducing the need for sanitary landfill and the demand for natural resources. y A. Develop and implement a comprehensive solid waste disposal plan for the jurisdiction , including identification Of specific actions to be taken and a public information program. ( 1 ) The solid waste disposal plan shall identify sources of solid waste and assess demand for solid waste disposal area; shall explore alternative waste disposal strategies with other communities; and shall develop an implementation strategy for the uridsictional area. H. Develop a capital improvement plan to implement the solid waste disposal plan . 3. Encourage -development to occur within the ]Bozeman Urban Services Area. - A. Investigate expedited review procedures , cost-sharing opportunities , flexibility in standards, and other methods to increase the feasibility of developing within the Urban Services Area . 4. Encourage development off residential areas at higher densities and in locations which minimize the cost and ` maximize the benefit o- -p_rovi_ding public services and facilities . A. Designate more !iigh--density/ single-family residential areas in the Bozeman Urban Service Area through zoning and q subdivision regulations and planned , phased extension of f facilities . H. Adopt zoning procedures which encourage developments that make efficient- use of facilities. 5. The cost of providing public facilities for future development should be borne, on a fair share basis, by the development that requires them. A. Develop a technique to identify and evaluate the fair share of development impacts. 6. Public facilities_—(buildings ) should be planned for future capacity, long-term service, dependability, and safety. A. Develop and implement a comprehensive public facilities plan . MAY 15, 1969 UPDATE PAGE 2 ( 1 ) Plan shall include an assessment of future capacity, long-term service dependability and safety. 8. Develop a public facilities Capital Improvement Plan to implement the public facilities plan . C. Review the Bozeman Area and Gallatin County Subdivision Regulations, and update as necessary to continue good quality public facility planning and construction st n yards . 7. Encourage in-fill development to assur maximum Lis e _.of_ existing public utifi' ies within the Bozeman Urban Service Area and maximum cost-efficiency to the city and the users. A. Adopt zoning procedures which encourage cluster developments that make efficient use of facilities, and encourage development where facilities can be economically provided . FA TRANSPOR rAT I ON GOALS AND THEIR OBJECTIVES: 1 . Provide an up-to-date transportation P- p plan a n w h c h `rr1 accommodate both current and projected growth patterns L A. Encourage the formation of a Transporation Planning (� - 7 ,Committee, consisting of local members of the Policy `I ) C A�6 coordinating CQTm�i1ttp? (�,PrCC)it,i O.nd Technical Advisory -a 'Lommittee (TACK,. w?�ich ccful'd 'ssum� greater responsibility vet -u4 or overal transportation p�anp ng in the Bozeman Area 7 �� � •'� �.Y-� t�� i v��� 1IT1 // �� 71\ _'_ ( L �,7 B. Develop a prioritized Capital Improvements Program construct and maintain the transportation network as specified in the transportation plan . C. Review the current transportation plan and update to include the following : ( 1 ) A strategy to reduce through truck traffic through downtown Bozeman ; �;:- --r--•,, .. (2) A procedure to ma ' t-a%ram^� - X. with Montana State University ✓15^a �r"dr�g--�r°,arfti� n yin yand around campus ; ,\ (3) A bicycle plan to provide for safe bicycle movement , including designation of appropriate bicycle routes and development of a comprehensive bicycle safety program, ( 4) A pedestrian plan to provide for safe pedestrian walkways in Bozeman . MAY 15, 1989 UPDATE PAGE 3 D. Develop and consider alternative implementation strategies to fund construction of the Transportation Plan. Er Keep _South ;1T�t`h _ open until a--mutuall-y_agreed—po �.- olution/ for r solving \r,traffic�,pedestrian confli 'ts \ on 9 Campus is reache�, 2. Use subdivision and zoning regulations and PUD standards to t minimize the number of approaches onto designated collectors and r arterial highways. ENVIRONMENT,_ AESTHETIC AND NATURAL RESOURCE GOALS AND THEIR OBJECTIVES• �- L. Identify environmental constraints and preserve aesthetic resources of the , Bozeman�rea, �(� - A. Work with City and Counta�"f ,� MSU, State Agencies , and Federal Agencies; to identify areas in the Bozeman City County Planning Area with natural or human induced hazards which limit development potential . B. Identify and protect�`Ypreas with unique natural characteristics such s stream corridors• a-nd wetlands t h 'wi _in the jurisdictional area , C. Use the Master Plan , zoning and subdivision regulations to protect the safety and welfare of the public, 'areas with physical constraints . Examples of such areas include floodplains , landslide-prone areas, steep slopes, fault zones , areas susceptible to severe erosion problems, fill areas, ai areas of high water table. - 2. establishment and maintenance of,,,open space. A. 5 1 greenbelts and'-perr-SjTa-ce-be-tween-dev2lo�pmen-t-s through zoning and subdivision review. 3. Encourage adequate development, management and maintenance for parks and recreational areas. A. Develop a City-County open space and recreation plan that provides for the development and maintenance of subdivision parks and open space. B. Educate the public regarding the formation of park development and maintenance districts. C. Use annexation , subdivision , and zoning regulations to implement City and County Parks and Recreation Plan . MAY 15, 1989 UPDATE PAGE 4 D. Develop a joint Capital Improvement Program to develop park and recreation facilities to implement the City and County Parks and Recreation Plan . E. Seek federal , state and local funding for the development of dedicated parklands. F. Investigate strategies to develop large City and County parks and recreational facilities. G. Continue to purchase land 4lon Sourdough Creek for eventual park development. 4. Encourage agri-business by protecting- and preserving Gallatin Valley ' s productive agricultural operations through well-planned de elopment within the jurisdictional area . ^� A. Identify agriculturally productive soils and investigate strategies to encourage development on less productive soils. B . Use Master Plan , Subdivision , Zoning and other techniques to protect productive agricultural operations within the jurisdictional area but outside the urban service area . C. Encourage more efficient use of land through smaller lot size and increased densities throughout the jurisdictional _area . 5. Preserve, protect and promote high quality standards for the Bozeman area' s groundwater, surface water and air. A. Develop zoning and subdivision controls to require stream bank buffer strips for sediment, erosion and water pollution control and to protect riparian areas. c / B. Require storm water retention and detention facilities where applicable for any constrution ; require permanent erosion and sediment control facilities as needed for all construction , and require facilities for removal of solids 1 and oils from storm drainage water. `\ C. Establish and adopt clean air standards. ' W*A)*14 r4 a c u �t► l - . +_ t't a �► 'u1Vt U) . +, 6. Control the spread of noxious weeds in the Bozeman area. a` A. Require adht`�l''� ceL�t �t City and County noxious weed control programst 4 exation , subdivision review andj � zoning procedures. MAY 15, 19e9 UPDATE PAGE 5 7. Promote, encourage and enhance an Aesthetically pleasing community. ----- A. Develop and implement a sign code to enhance the appearance of the Bozeman Area. B. use subdivision and zoning review to require businesses and government to install and maintain landscaping . C. Develop and implement a City Landscape Plan to beautify streets , parking lots , public lands, and if possible, state highways . D. Encourage beautification through landscaping of areas used extensively by the public , such as commercial , ind , and governmental areas. ujtrial S. Promote and Jncourage aesthetically-pleasing cluster development on the approaches to the city . A. Identify entry-way corridors to Bozeman inside and outside the jurisdictional area in cooperation with the City and County. B. Jointly plan entry-way corridors to Bozeman . C. Develop corridor development standards for the entryways to the City. D. Use the Master Plan , subdivision regulations and zoning to permit highway business only when clustered in planned commercial centers or other compact commercial nodes . D,ev.elop (_9h[d---4mplemen;t- a sign -code ,�tO'\ nhanr�e----the aesthetic characte :of the ,Qozeman Orea . COMMERCIAL, INDUSRIAL AND GENERAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND THEIR OBJECTIVES : 1 . Maintain and strengthen the central business district as a commercial , cultural and symbolic center for the Bozeman,Area. A. Develop incentives to stimulate office/busin ^ s development , high density residential development, and cultural and entertainment facilities in and near the central business district. 2. Continue to support the long-term economic development goals of the community, and support the programs necessary to accomplish these goals. - //(j -MA-Y-15;-r999 UPDATE __�� PAGE 6 A. Develop a procedure in cooperation with the Gallatin Development Corporation , Chamber of Commerce, Technical Advisory Committee, a4id. City-County Planning Staff to guide new businesses through the review process . B. Encourage and support activities which will implement adopted strategic economic development plans, and coordinate said plans with the area' s land use planning efforts. 3. Encourage improvement! __of the appearance of existing designated industrial areas and encourage infilling of designated industrial areas. 4. Encourage economic development associations to promote the ? expansion of existing businesses and the location of new ! businesses that will provide a w4-de- variety of industrial and commercial activities, to- support—a`-Ftrl-l----spec-trum- -o-f apportu-n-i ties, A. Encourage the economic development associations to coordinate planning issues between local businesses and the City of Bozeman and Gallatin County through public/private assistance and awareness programs. 5. Support the growth and stabili_t-y_ of the University. A. Encourage the City , County and University to cooperate q in r-mul-a-tpng economic goals and long-range planning . Tn ERGY �Nbr , , REE CONSERVATION GOALS AND THEIR OBJECTIVES: 1 . Encourage innovative development to be designed for maximum use of alternative energy resources and to conserve energy, and other resources . A. Use subdivision and zoning regulations to promote alternate energy resources and to conserve energy, land and other resources. B. Amend the Master Plan , building codes, zoning and subdivision regulations to preserve and maximize solar access to existing and future development whenever possible. C. Use Subdivision and Zoning Regulations to encourage residential development within walking distance of employment, shopping , and recreation areas. RESIDENTIAL GOALS AND THEIR OBJECTIVES: 1 . Encourage development in the City of ozeman where there is adequate road , bicycle and pedestrian access , with provisions for shopping and commercial development. MAY 15, 1989 UPDATE PAGE 7 2. Encourage construction of a full range of housing types, sizes and costs , including manufactured and modular homes, to assure the opportunity for future residents to obtain a choice of living environments. 3. Encourage planned unit developments and cluster residential development techniques that feature a variety of housing types , designed to enhance the natural environment , conserve energy and to provide efficient public services and facilities. 4. Encourage the preservation and rehabilitation of the existing housing stock to promote the health, safety and general welfare of the residents of the City of Bozeman and its jurisdictional area , regardless of income levels. A. Low interest rehabilitation loans for low and moderate income persons shall be made, when available, for the revitalization of neighborhoods in designated areas that have deteriorating and substandard living conditions . B. Residential neighborhoods shall be revitalized as funding becomes available for such purposes as renovation of neighborhood residences and buildings , public facilities, litter control , and development of parks and playgrounds . 5. Recognize and , to the extent possible, preserve and promote the unique character of neighborhoods in the City of Bozeman through land use classifications and zoning . A. Utilize zoning regulations to discourage conversions of single-family residences to multi-family residences ( including duplexes , triplexes, and fourplexes ) in Bozeman ' s older neighborhoods, ,, ;,where parking facilities and other infrastructure elements are inadequate to serve higher density populations . B. Establish criteria to identify mixed use neighborhoods . C. Develop mixed use overlay zoning regulations for neighborhoods which exhibit an existing mix of commercial , industrial , and residential uses. ADMINISTRATIVE/REVIEW PROCESS: GOALS. OBJECTIVES AND IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES: GOAL: Develop a cle r Aand use rev;e ocess that provides for objective standardi' foF" all Ian'd andXdr building development while ensuring provisions for adequate public review. MAY 15, 1989 UPDATE PAGE 8 OBJECTIVE NO. 1 : Organize the regulary agencies and area of jurisdiction to maximize administrative capabilities and efficiency . IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES: A. Develop and present a proposal for action by the governing bodies to combine the membership and functions of the Bozeman City-County Planning Board and Bozeman Zoning Commission . B. Encourage the joint utilization of the City-County Planning Office and County Subdivision Review Office to undertake special projects. C. Develop procedures to insure cooperation and interaction between local governments , advisory boards, public officials, and M. S.U. D . Develop and present a proposal for re-aligning the City-County planning jurisdictional boundary so that it coincides with the City ' s extraterritorial Zoning district boundary, ?his proposal should reflect anticipated growth patterns in the jurisdictional area , and ultimately,*, sewer and water service area boundaries' r'F r� �� opt;,L�xr, , OBJECTIVE NO. 2: Revise and clarify land-use regulations to increase flexibility and strengthen enforcement . . IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES: A. Upon completion and approval of the Master Plan Update, re-write the Bozeman Zoning Code, including : 1 . Development of clear, objective, and specific performance standards that guide the Planned Unit Development process within residential , commercial , and industrial areas. 2. Development of general performance standards for identified "multiple-use" and "entryway" areas of the community. 3. As performance standards are adopted for each broad land-use category ( residential , commercial , industrial , multiple-use, and entryways ) eliminate "T-District" regulations in that category. B. Utilize a design-compatible review process which involves the public in the conceptual stage of a development proposal , and which utilizes staff MAY 15, 1989 UPDATE PAGE 9 expertise to address detailed standards after conceptual approval is granted . 1 . Develop and approve a set of submittal, requirements necessary to provide for conceptual review of a project. 2. Commission approval of a project to occur at conceptual level . 3. Staff to review and approve detailed standards for final site plans. 4. Any appeal of detailed standard disagreements between staff and a developer- will be made to the City Or County Commissions. C. Establish and utilize a Development Review Committee ( DRC) to advise developers at both the conceptual and detailed level of review. D. Convert the Bozeman Area Land Use Map to a more conceptual , soft-adged one which would include broader land use classifications, provide for multiple use areas, snd which would address the concept of compatibility between adjoining land uses. OBJECTIVE. NO.. ... s Require the City-County Planning Board to prepare a prioritized five-year long-range program of work , annually review the program, annually prepare a program budget each year which prioritizes implementation activities and identifies funds to help pay for these activities. Q9JECTIVE NO. 4-L Require that the program budget and long- range program of work be based on the goals and policies of the adopted master plan . 0a,7ECTIVE= NO. 5W; Require that the program budget include review and update of the adopted master plan at least one time every five years. OB41 'CT1VE NO. b: Establish an educational program to assist in a better understanding of all parties regarding the master plan and its operation . IMP_LeMENTATION STRATEGIES; A. Staff shall prepare a development guidebook regarding the planning process, policies, time frames, and all relevant requirements. MAY 15, 1989 UPDATE PAGE 10 B. The City-County Planning Board shall establish a regularly scheduled orientation program for the members of the Zoning Commission , Board of Adjustment, Gallatin County Commission, and City Commission to acquaint them with the contents of the Plan and to encourage adherence to the Plan ' s goals and objectives. r HISTORIC PRESERVATION GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES (From Historic Preservation Advisory Commission ) GOAL: PRESERVE AND ENHANCE ALL OF THE FEATURES OF THE COMMUNITY' S HERITAGE THAT DEFINE AND CONTRIBUTE TO GALLATIN VALLEY' S UNIQUE "QUALITY OF LIFE" OBJECTIVE I - IDENTIFY: Continue to identify buildings, design elements and natural features that singuirly and collectively contribute to the historic fabric of the Gallatin Valley. OBJECTIVE It - EDUCATE: Undertake programs that will increase community awareness of , sensitivity toward and practical knowledge about its heritage and the economic as well as aesthetic value of preservation . OBJECTIVE III - MOTIVATE: Encourage HPAC to conduct activities directed toward stimulating private and public investment in the restoration of historic buildings, outdoor spaces and natural features. OBJECTIVE IV - GOVERNMENTAL AGENCY ACTIONS: Strengthen the City' s ability to foster preservation and conservation by supporting the efforts of the Historic Preservation Advisory Commission, by incorporating necessary changes into the City-County Comprehensive plan, zoning ordinance and other regulatory codes, and by department and personnel directives. GOVERNMENTAL AGENCY IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES 1 ) Direct all city agencies and personnel , when in contact with property owners or lessees planning or undertaking changes of buildings, outdoor spaces or natural features in Historic Districts, upon structures constructed prior to World War II or upon more recently constructed architectually significant structures, to notify the City Historic Preservation Officer of such change and encourage the party(%) to take advantage of the services offered by the HPO and Historic Preservation Advisory Commission , MAY 15, 1989 UPDATE PAGE 11 2) Direct all city agencies and personel prior to and early in consideration of any change to city owned or controlled property ( including buildings , outdoor spaces, natural features, rights-of-ways or facilities) , to seek comment from the Historic Preservation Advisory Commission . 3) Request and encourage all other governmental agencies (school district, county, etc . ) and general public related agencies (M.S.U. , Montana Power, etc . ) prior to and early in consideration of any change to property (including buildings, outsdoor spaces , natural features, rights-of-way or facilities) to also seek comment from the Historic Preservation Advisory Commission. 4) Amend zoning and other codes and ordinances as necessary to eliminate provisions which present or discourage preservation actions; and , adopt provisions that will encourage and reward preservation and restoration sensitive to the history, design and neighboring properties. 5) Adapt policies and implement measures as may be appropriate to protect the unique features of each of the several historic neighborhoods and individual historic properties. 6) Issue such proclamations and directives as needed to support, publicize and encourage historic preservation. 7) Provide financial support to the Historic Preservation Advisory Commission as necessary and prudent . MAY 15, 1987 UPDATE PAGE i2 SUGGESTED CHANGES TO THE UPDATED GOALS AND OBJECTIVES Bob Hawks Public Facility Goals and Their Objectives Page 2 #4 strike "at higher densities and". Strike paragraph 4A. Transportation Goals and Their Objective Page 3 #1A after PCC add "a reconstituted Pedestrian Traffic Safety Committee". Environmental , Aesthetic and Natural Resource Goals Page 5 #5 add D. "Monitor the accummulative effets on ground water �j created by individual septic systems". ti (Page 6 #7 add E. ' sE e ,h-i property exchanges and pure has s�that ' are aimed at preserving or rehabilitating historic sites, ridge lines, stream corridors and areas of natyrAl beayty. Strike 8E Commercial, Industrial and General Development Goals Page/6 add"2. Create an identification of the Bozeman area as a recreation and cultural center. Page 7 #4 strike "wide" . . ."to support a full spectrum of job opportunities" add "providing they are harmonious with our natural environment". #5A strike "formulating" replace with "coordinating". Administrative/Review Process Goals Page 8 after standards,'add "when possible" . Page 9 to D add "and entryway aesthetic considerations". TO: CITY COMMISSIONERS FM: NARY VH RE: "DRAFT PROPOSAL OF GOALS/OBJECTIVES, BOZEMAN CITY/COUNTY PLANNING BOARD, May 159 1989" ON: 6/16/89 Enclosed herewith is a XEROX of two pages of the present Faster Plan with Ralph Johnson's notes on the significant changes in just one section between the present and the proposed revision. A check mark meaes, he says, that the item is substantially the same; an underlining means that the underlined ma- terial has been left out now; and some are totally deleted. In addition, on Monday, I will shoo, you in color some additional materials. Ralph's notes are worth studying this weak-end. Many parson-hours have been spent since last Monday by careful and thoughtful people Going over these draft items. Among those participating were Ralph ,ohn®Qnp Keith Swenson, Amy Bartell, Ted Metzger, Steve Custer, Jeff Rupp, Dale Brentrup; Morris Jaffe, staff members with responses, and me. Lle have noted significant differences that entail: . much less concern with the environment and protecting our natural amenities less concern for protecting downtown Bozeman . less concern for public input . less concern for agricultural land (as opposed to operations) The reason given by staff for less concern is that they removed redundancies. �ometimes redundancies were in fact removed, but the removals altogether signal C-� s significant loss in precisely those areas where the public, both�ir -_th-e L _meeting of 4/11/68 and at all other times and places where they could havE, always__"pressed the a strongest commitment. The result is that the new docu- ment seams like a change in focus and is bound to worry the public unless we make some changes. In the following pages you will find re-arrangements by priority; additions; and Jsometimes, re-inserting the some languege. I knot, you will appreciate the immense amount of work that has been done this week by well-informed and committed members of our community. Most of these people met individually with me; therefore, what follows is not a group document, but a synthesis of what I heard altogether: (it goes without saying that your improvements are welcome. ) page 2 -- memo on goals/objectives revisions PAGE 1 1. Countless_ references to environmental and natural amenity protection have been removed from the present plan; yet this concern is the strongest one ex- pressed by the community. Therefore, a Basic Goal, at the front of all the goals and objectives, should be added; and also, the order of the various sections should be put in priority order with "Environment, aesthetic and natural re- source. goals" coming first after the Basic Goal; "Residential goals" should —, come second; "Historic preservation" should follow; then "Transportation," "Commercial, industrial and general economic development, ", "Energy and re- source conservation, " etc. The suggested Basic Goal follows hero (most of it is restored from the present plan: The beauty of the City of Bozeman and the Gallatin Valley is a valuable resource. The area is truly unique, and its high-altitude mountain valley is one of the more fragile areas in the United States. The people have done a reasonable job of protecting these resources, but some of the uniqueness has been destroyed; some has boon daamaoed; and some is bcing threatened. Therefore, iA/making all decisions, the prime consideration is that the Bozeman area's most important resource is its natural beauty and pristine environment. This resourco must be protected. All other goals and objectives must take cognizance of this fact. Since our second most important resource is our people, our second con- sideration must be to always ensure opportunities for valuable public input. Rage 2 2. Add underlined materials to 2.2. : A. Develop and implement a comprehensive solid waste disposal plan for the jurisdiction, which reconnizes and encourages recycling, in- cluding_ identification of specific actions to be takon and a public information program. 3. Add to 114: 4. Encourage development in newly-planned residential areas. ..." (Because the people living in our present A district, single-family neighborhoods have told us time and again that they do not want apartment buildings coming in and "block-busting.") 4. Change 4.A. : Change "high-density: to "moderate-density" page 3 -- memo on goals/objectives revisions PAGE 3 5. Add to 7. : 7. Encourage in-fill development where appropriate ,". .. 6. Add to 1. under "Transportation Goals": At the end of present statement, add: ``--- ", tied to a funding mechanism for each:" (Because notlinc will be accomplished without an up-front recognition by everyone of the need for additional sources of revenue. ) 7. In 1.A. , add, after (TAC) : ---"with_•"with a citizens' input group" R. And also add, at end of sentence: 11 aE�id prQ�ide a mparrs__.rorroa� cat"3n.,par ic -� in ie pT ►pinr an ec ion-m ka.ng pr ss." (Both to be added because the revision seems to minimize public input value; because public input from resident non-experts are the only people urho can oive us the knowledge of what addeJ traffic will mean to their neighborhoods; end (b) they are the ones who walk around the noieh- borhoods, end who can speak knowledgeably to pedestrian-friendly needs.) g. In 1.C.(2), delete "maintain a dialogue" and replace with: -('solve problems" PAGE 4 10. T` e spctio- , "CIvironment, aesthe is nd n'aturl resourc goals, f'\shoudfd - b� fitst,_/after the Bfisio.,Goa4 UPC � J � 11. The second line of 1.A. should read: "end Federal agencies, and citizens advisory groups to identify . . ." 12. Add and subtract to l.R. : "Identify and protect all areas with unique natural characteristics such as stream corridors, gnO wetlands, ridoe lines and viewsheds within the jurisdictional area. " 13. Add at end of second line of 1.C. : -- "by identifying areas ... '' 14. In both 2. and 2.A. , replace "Encourage" with "Require". (Because this is especially necessary if agricultural lands remains deleted on the next page, and replaced with operations. page 4 -- memo on goalslobjectives PAGE 5 15. In both 4. and 4.B., it would be better to replace the word "operations" with "lands" as is stated presently. However, if there is no agreement on'this, this whole ,J'4. does not belong with the "Environmental" sec- tion: it would logically belong with "Commercial, Industrial and Gen- eral Economic Development! " that's how significant the change of one word is. (you may want to go back to the present plan, page 4-3, Ill., and read it. ) 16. Change S.A. to read: "Develop zoning and subdivision controls to require str® m bank buffer - strips for natural amenity�' _ -- ) protection as well as control of sediment erosion and water pollution." , (Because there has been a serious deletion from the present pace 4-3, '9. ) 17. In S.C., at and of sentence, add: —~• "...to maintain Bozeman's high air quality. ") (Because we can sea from what has happened in other cities, and because of nev Federal laws which will cause industries fleeing heavily im- pected and newly-restricted areas to thin:: about comingto laces like Bozeman. ) P 1 1E. In 3.C. , it's impossible to know what is meant here: does it mean that we SHOULD anne or SHOULDN'T annex in order to provide weed control???JIi `vti` J PACE -6 19. ;'1. under "Commercial, industrial and general economic development, restore at the end of the line: "Bozeman, the Gallatin Valley, land the region. " (Because this is a serious change it implies that we can have all kinds of centers for the county, all over the county. The county should have ONF center, the county seat. ) PAGE 7 2 After A. and B. at the top of the page, add C which would he either: "C. Ban any industry which appears to have a negative impact on Bozeman's air and water quality." �� (or� Cs Encourage only activities and economic development which have a Positive impact on Bozeman's air and water quality." (Because, why beat around the bush' Most people here do NOT accept the philosophy expressed by some when they indicate anything should gn ("Go for it, and see what we. can not. ") Also, as mentioned before, heavier regulation of denser areas of the country will put more pres- sure on Bozeman and the valley in the future. ) Page S -- memo on goals objectives PAGE 7,_ CONTINUCQ 21. On ,`4, after "opportunities" add- ,.consistent with protecting our high-quality amenities." 22. After 4.A. , add a 4.B. which would restore an item from the present plan- Encourage improvement of the appearance of existing designated industrial areas and encourage infilling of existing industrial sites before new onez are created." 'Because, without this, it seems we would be encouraging industry all over, all the way to Four Corners, without in-filling first. Shades of hundreds of Life-Links! ; 23. Dove the "Residential" section to the near-front of this document. 24. At the end of ;"J. under "Residential, " add at tho end "and near the central business district. " (Recause the central business district conbinue.o to be of prime c n- earn. These words had been present in our present plan and war ow deleted. ) PAGE 2E. On the last goal at thr bottom of the page, change in the second line by adding after 'objective standards'' the words "where Possible, or criteria (For many reasons because objective standards are not always possible because objective standards cannot always measure somethin; detrimental be neighborhoods because objectivity cannot always measure an incremental effect when one more straw will breal. the proverbial camel 's becl<, or just be too much for one neighborhood, add "criteria'' because criteria can 5s carsfully drawn to alloy; for subjectivit,, when it is needed, for commonsense. : PA GC 9 26. 1.1ith Objective No. 1.Q. , it seems that there are serious concerns here, including the city's need for continued involvement in the corridors leading into the city, and also, that jurisdiction should not be with- drawn before good county zoning is implemented in the city's place. Here are some suggestions which still seem unsatisfactory in part Add after "boundaries" "and entry-way aesthetic considerations." And ; Addy after the first sentence: ~�'at the time the county adopts and implements appropriate land-use regu- lations." aA r.,F 1 27. (~love "Historic preservation" nearer to the front of document. NO This Master Plan supports the development of such con- J Should the Master Plan provide for protection of trols. views and vistas such as the top of Sourdough Ridge and Basic Facilities Must Be Designed for the Future Story Hills; should it restrict building heights when Major expansion of the Bozeman Wastewater necessary to prevent blocking of views; should it pro. Treatment Facility is being completed, The expansion,is vide for the protection of floodplains and stream banks; designed to serve a population of some 36,000 people. should it protect and enhance its historical resources; The population served in 1980 according to the census should it provide for the protection of ground and sur- was 21,645. The present 1982 population served is esti- face water quality; should it provide for protection of mated to be 22,575 people, and the projected year 2000 wildlife winter range areas; should it prevent develop- population to be served is 32,853 people, It is concluded ment of steep slopes, landslide-prone areas, fault zones the facility will have sufficient capacity well into the and productive agricultural land, and should it prevent twenty-first century. Since wastewater treatment strip commercial development and the carnival appear- facilities generally operate more effectively and effi- ance generally associated with such development on ap- ciently near design capacity, and since per capita costs proaches to the city? This Master Plan concludes that will tend to decrease dramatically with increase in one of the Bozeman areas most important resources is population served, it is also concluded that encourage. its natural beauty. This resource must be protected, The ment of development within the sewer service area will answer is yes to all the previously stated questions. benefit the entire Bozeman area. GOALS AND POLICIES Urban Sprawl Interferes with Agriculture ,Background for Goals and Policies If new residential development in the jurisdictional Goals have meaning only when they are followed area from 1982 through 2000 is at the approximate den- by some action of policy which causes them to be sity of present development, 1.41 acres per dwelling,the achieved. Any goal for which there is not to be a com- projected 1,240 new homes will occupy about 1,748 mitment to decision or action should be removed from acres of land. This is not a large amount of land, con- the Master Plan, Meaningless goals—those not ful- sidcring the jurisdictional planning area is about 52,000 filled---lead to loss of confidence in the Master Plan, the acres in size. Therefore, it is not likely to remove large Planning Board and public officials of the community. areas of land from agricultural use since about 47,947 The goals are listed by number so that they may be acres are in agricultural use. referenced to policy statements which follow them. However, several thousand acres are likely to have Many policies will help fulfill more than one goal. their agricultural use potential eliminated or severely Master Platt Goals limited as a result of speculative subdivision activity, scattered subdivisions and dispersed developments. Residential Goals Some 9,822 acres may already be considered to have had 1. Encourage high density development where their agricultural use potential severely impacted there is adequate road, bicycle and pedestrian because they are adjacent to subdivided and/or devel- " access, in close proximity to shop ing and oped land on at least two sides. Another 6,727 acres are emploo ent and near the central urines dis- in parcels less than 80 acres in size. This limits their agricultural use potential. About 17,969 acres have not ✓2. Encourage construction of a full range of had their agricultural use potential impacted by scat- housing types, sizes and costs to assure the op- tered urban development. portunity for future residents to obtain a This Master flan supports prevention of scattered choice of living environments. residential development to help preserve and protect ✓'3. Encourage planned unit/cluster residential de- agricultural land and activities.This policy will also help velopment techniques that feature a variety of assure more efficient public facilities and services. housing types, designed to enhance the natural Modification to control misuse of exemptions to the environment, conserve energy and to provide state subdivision law could be an important action to efficient public services and facilities. help, This Master Plan recommends consideration of V4. Encourage the preservation and rehabilitation development density transfer rights. of the existing housing stock to promote the Bozeman has Unique Natural Beauty health, safety and general welfare of the residents of the city of Bozeman and its juris- dictional he beauty of the city of Bozeman and the Gallatin area, regardless of income levels. Valley is a valuable resource. The area is truly unique. The people have done a good job of protecting these Public Facilities Coals resources, but some of the uniqueness has been de- ✓ 5. Provide municipal water supply to meet future stroyed; some has been damaged, and some is being needs of the Bozeman area. threatened. Bozeman and the Gallatin Valley are not ro-16. Encourage development of residential areas at likely to continue to grow and develop as a tourist, cul. higher densities and in locations so as to tural and employment center unless their amenities are minimize the cost and maximize the benefit of protected, providing public services and facilities, and 4.2 discourage development where cost of public new ones are created. facilities and services would be high and its 21. rov ea encouragement and the opportunity benefits low. for the development of amenity-oriented high 7. Encourage development and utilization of land technology industries in close proximity to which has been subdivided with streets and Montana State University. ' other facilities constructed so that maximum v'22. Encourage the development of an economic use of these public facilities can be realized, so development association or work with existing that maintenance of these facilities will not associations to promote the expansion of ex- become a burden on residents,and so that little isting businesses and the location of new busi- f used facilities do not become a community lia- nesses that will provide a wide variety of in- bility. dustrial and commercial activities, which in V,,8. Whenever possible, the cost of providing turn will supply a full spectrum of job oppor- public facilities for future development should tunities. be borne by the development that requires Energy Conservation Goals them. In other words, new development should 23. Encourage the use of renewable pay its own way within a reasonable time and energy not create an additional burden for the tax- sources. payer. , 24. Encourage high density development within walking distance of employment,shopping and Environment, Aesthetic and Natural recreational areas. Resource Goals 25. Encourage all new development to be designed 9. Preserve the identity of the Bozeman area by for maximum use of alternative energy encouraging the preservation of steep p slopes, sources. natural foilage, historic_ sites, edge lines, stream corridors and areas Of special natural beauty. Master Plan Policies We, 10. Protect the welfare of the individual and the 1. Consider incorporating development density community by preventing development on transfer concepts into the zoning procedure to landslide-prone areas, floodways, fault zones encourage development only where public and other sites likely to present hazards if de- facilities are adequate, and discourage devel- veloped. opment where facilities can not economically ;VLe sp IL Encourage the protection and preservation of be provided (Goal Numbers 1, 3, 6, 7, 11, 15, Gallatin Valley's productive agricultural land. 19, 21 and 24). 12. Do not allow ground water, streams or air to 2. Use zoning and subdivision regulations and become polluted or degraded, building codes to provide for mobile home 13. Protect wildlife winter range areas. parks and mobile home subdivisions as well as V' 14. Prevent strip commercial development and the for mobile homes and factory-built homes on carnival appearance generally associated with individual lots with appropriate review (Goal such development on approaches to the city. Numbers 2 and 3). v/15. Encourage the beautification of streets, park- 3. Provide for more single-family residential ing lots, public lands, and bicycle and areas in Bozeman and the planned central pedestrian ways. sewer facilities service area(Goal Numbers 2, 3 16. Encourage the provision of recreational oppor- and 11). tunities for neighborhoods of all income and 4. Encourage development within the planned age levels. central sewer and water facilities service area only when and where central sewer and water Commercial, Industrial and General has been provided. (Goal Numbers 1,3,6, 7, 8, Economic Development Goals 11, 12 and 24). 17. Protect, maintain and strengthen the central 5. Use the Master Plan, subdivision regulations business district as the commercial, cultural and zoning to prevent development which and symbolic center for Bozeman, the G 1 could cause pollution or degradation of ground Valley and the region. water and surface water or air (Goal Numbers lE(.MI8. Strengthen Bozeman's position as a regional 7, 10, 11 and 12). shopping center and as a tourist and cultural 6. Use the Master Plan, zoning and subdivision center. regulations to encourage development of the ✓19. Determine the long-term economic develop- rural development nodes where land has been ment goals of the community and then support prepared for development with public facilities programs which will accomplish these goals. constructed (Goal Numbers 3, 7, 8 and 11). —20. Encourage improvement of the appearance of 7. Enact view protection zoning and use subdivi- existing designated industrial areas and encour- sions and use subdivision regulations to pre- age infilling of existing industrial sites before vent development extending above the ridge 4-3 iNN}4 TO: CITY COMMISSIONERS PM: MVH REY "DRAFT PROPOSAL OF GOALS/083ECTIVES, . .. ON: 6/19/89 Since I sent you my five-page memo on Friday! I need to update you. First, after the memo was delivored to City Hall, I hand-delivered copies to the three people among my advisees (listed on page 1 of my 5-page memo) with whom I really carried on a dialogua last week, rather than a one-time input. These three are: Keith Swenson, Ralph Johnson, and Jeff Rupp. Keith called me back Saturday night and made some more suggestions to make the memo better, and I believe they are good, and likely, excellent, espec- ially the first one: �� w (1) Re organfzationrof tho whole section of goals/objectives: It would be good to re-order them$ but to do it on a different basis than I had yuggected the or- ganizeti.o IS hould be, followed by tho logic for determining this order: Environment ) Energy ) These are all process-- HIstoric preservation ) all-encompa5s,ing Administration ) Residential ) Commercial ) These are all physical Public facilities ) elements--more specific Transportation ) (2) on p. 3 of my memo, Item h"13 as numbered an the left: Omit the suggested change "by identifying" (3)on page 5 of my memo, Item'.7.2.as numbered on the left: omit the whole sug- gestion; i.e. , do NOT restore "Encourage inprovemont of the appearenco of existing designated industrial. .. . " Lastly, as you can ,imagine I weL< working against a deadline to get my memo in and at best I am not e good typist. I made a real boo-boo which must bra puzzling you, and I am sorry: On Raga 4 of my memo, the page that starts with comments on pane 5 of the draft, IJ(Iem #18 as numbered on the left, is grossly misplaced (mainly because .it was pointed out to me Late in the week). It does NOT refer to page 5 of the draft; it refers to 3.C. on page 4 ofthe draft! The corm meat stands, though, that it is ambiguous and we cAn't tell what it mean:,; I have asked the staff to be ready to clarify its meaning today, Monday. MY spoloOies for confusing you. discourage development where cost of public new ones are created. facilities and services would be high and its 21. Provide encouragement and the opportunity benefits low. for the development of amenity-oriented high 7. Encourage development and utilization of land technology industries in close proximity to which has been subdivided with streets and Montana State University. other facilities constructed so that maximum 22. Encourage the development of an economic use of these public facilities can be realized, so development association or work with existing that maintenance of these facilities will not associations to promote the expansion of ex- become a burden on residents, and so that little isting businesses and the location of new busi- used facilities do not become a community lia- nesses that will provide a wide variety of in- bility. dustrial and commercial activities, which in 8. Whenever possible, the cost of providing turn will supply a full spectrum of job oppor- public facilities for future development should tunities. be borne by the development that requires Energy Conservation Goals them. In other words, new development should 23. Encourage the use of renewable energy pay its own way within a reasonable time and not create an additional burden for the tax- sources. 24. Encourage high density development within payer. walking distance of employment,shopping and Environment, Aesthetic and Natural recreational areas. Resource Goals 25. Encourage all new development to be designed 9. Preserve the identity of the Bozeman area by for maximum use of alternative energy encouraging the preservation of steep slopes, sources. natural foilage, historic sites, ridge lines, stream corridors and areas of special natural beauty. Master Plan Policies 10. Protect the welfare of the individual and the 1. Consider incorporating development density community by preventing development on transfer concepts into the zoning procedure to landslide-prone areas, floodways, fault zones encourage development only where public and other sites likely to present hazards if de- facilities are adequate, and discourage devel- veloped. opment where facilities can not economically 11. Encourage the protection and preservation of be provided (Goal Numbers 1, 3, 6, 7, 11, 15, Gallatin Valley's productive agricultural land. 19, 21 and 24). 12. Do not allow ground water, streams or air to 2. Use zoning and subdivision regulations and become polluted or degraded. building codes to provide for mobile home 13. Protect wildlife winter range areas. parks and mobile home subdivisions as well as 14. Prevent strip commercial development and the for mobile homes and factory-built homes on carnival appearance generally associated with individual lots with appropriate review (Goal such development on approaches to the city. Numbers 2 and 3). 15. Encourage the beautification of streets, park- 3. Provide for more single-family residential ing lots, public lands, and bicycle and areas in Bozeman and the planned central pedestrian ways. sewer facilities service area (Goal Numbers 2, 3 16. Encourage the provision of recreational oppor- and 11). tunities for neighborhoods of all income and 4. Encourage development within the planned age levels. central sewer and water facilities service area only when and where central sewer and water Commercial, Industrial and General has been provided. (Goal Numbers 1,3,6,7, 8, Economic Development Goals 11, 12 and 24). 17. Protect, maintain and strengthen the central 5. Use the Master Plan, subdivision regulations business district as the commercial, cultural and zoning to prevent development which and symbolic center for Bozeman, the Gallatin could cause pollution or degradation of ground Valley and the region, water and surface water or air (Goal Numbers 18. Strengthen Bozeman's position as a regional 7, 10, 11 and 12). shopping center and as a tourist and cultural 6. Use the Master Plan, zoning and subdivision center. regulations to encourage development of the 19, Determine the long-term economic develop- rural development nodes where land has been ment goals of the community and then support prepared for development with public facilities programs which will accomplish these goals. constructed (Goal Numbers 3, 7, 8 and 11). 20. Encourage improvement of the appearance of 7. Enact view protection zoning and use subdivi- existing designated industrial areas and encour- sions and use subdivision regulations to pre- age infilling of existing industrial sites before vent development extending above the ridge 4-3 line of Sourdough Ridge and Story Hills (Coal 20. 'Lone for and use the master plan to encourage Numbers 3 and 9). high density development within walking dis- 8. Use the Master Plan, zoning and subdivision tance of employment, shopping and recrea- regulations to protect the safety and welfare of tional areas (Goal Numbers 1, 2, 6, 11, 17, 21, the public, and to protect natural areas which 22 and 23). may be damaged if developed. Examples of 21. Use subdivision regulations and zoning to en- such areas are floodways, landslide-prone courage that all new development be designed areas, fault zones, steep slopes, areas suscepti- to maximize the use of alternative energy ble to severe erosion problems and fill areas sources (Goal Numbers 3, 23, 24 and 25). (Goal Numbers 3, 9, 10 and 12). 22. Use the Master Plan, zoning and subdivision 9. Use the Master Plan, zoning and subdivision regulations to encourage and provide for bi- regulations to preserve and protect areas of cycle and pedestrian transportation facilities significant natural foliage, wildlife winter (Goal Numbers 1, 3, 16, 23, 24 and 25). ranges, historic sites and districts, and areas of 24. Identify historic sites and landmarks, and also natural beauty(Goal Numbers 3, 9, 12, 13 and consider adoption of architectural design regu- 16). lations to set standards for new construction 10. Use self help programs and other incentives to and remodeling within designated historic dis- stimulate office/business development, high tricts and sites (Goal Number 9). density residential development and cultural 25. Develop and promote a city landscape plan to and entertainment facilities in the central busi- include street parking areas and public building ness district (Goal Numbers 1, 2, 3, 6, 14, 17, sites as considered appropriate(Goal Numbers 18, 19, 22 and 24). 18, 19, 20 and 24). 11, Use the Master Plan and zoning to permit 26. Prepare performance coning applicable to the highway business only when clustered in plan- Master Plan's multiple-use area south of Mon- ned commercial centers or other compact com- tana State University. Purpose of the zoning merwill be to allow the planned development of a and 2 l nodes (Gael Numbers 14, 17, 18, 19 variety of high and low density residential, and 24). amenity-oriented industry, research-technol- 12. Require on-site soil stability analysis for all ogy institutions and limited commercial (Goal subdivisions with suspected stability problems Numbers 1, 2, 3, 6, 19, 21 and 24). (Goal Numbers 3, 9 and 10). 27. Whenever performance zoning for the planned 13. Use the Master Plan, zoning and subdivision multiple-use areas has been enacted and used regulations to permit only those uses on flood- successfully, consider extension of perfor- ways and flood fringes which are compatible mance zoning for other sectors of the jurisdic- tional area(Goal Numbers 1, 2, 3,6, 9, 10, 11, lots, golf courses and agriculture (Goal 13, 23, 24 and 25). Numbers 9, 10 and 12). 28. Study zoning procedures and consider develop- 14. Enforce zoning and subdivision controls to re- ment density transfer to encourage develop- quire stream bank buffer strips for sediment, ment only where facilities are adequate; erosion and water pollution control (Goal discourage development where facilities can Numbers 9, 10 and 12). not economically be provided, and encourage 15. Use zoning and subdivision regulations to pro- protection and conservation of agricultural teet riparian areas and to encourage the return lands, sensitive wildlife habitat and view pro- of damaged areas to a natural state. section areas (Goal Numbers 1, 2, 6, 9, 10, 11, 16. Require storm water retention and detention and 24). facilities where applicable for any new con- 29. As 12, 13 13 alternative to the formal master plan struction; require permanent erosion and sedi- ment control facilities as needed for all new amendment procedure, in order to promote in- construction, and require facilities as needed formed citizen input into the process by which for all new construction, and require facilities the master plan is amended, and to promote for removal of solids and soils from storm high quality and innovative development; to drainage water (Goal Number 12). protect the environment, to conserve energy, 17. Support City and County enforcement of nox- make better use of public facilities, protect ious weed control programs (Goal Numbers 11 agricultural land and prevent land use con- and 16). flicts; adopt a policy whereby the Board may 18. Develop and implement a comprehensive accept or require applications in the form of a municipal water conservation program (Goal professional review team approach (Goal Numbers 5, 19 and 21). Numbers 3, 8, 9, 11, 23, 24 and 25). 19. Identify sources of water supply in addition to 30. Consider county zoning to cover present un- those presently used and construct facilities as zoned lands of the planning jurisdictional area needed (Goal Number 5). (Goal Numbers 6, 7, 11, 13, 15,23,24 and 25). 4-4 31. Consider extending the city-county planning sion regulations should be utilized to minimize jurisdiction to the full extent permitted by state negative impacts on surrounding neighbor- law (Goal Numbers 7, 11, 13, 15, 23, 24 and hoods (Goal Numbers 2, 3 and 6). 25). 41. Use zoning and subdivision regulations to plan 32. Review the Bozeman Area Subdivision Regula- ahead for public facilities to require review for tions, and update as necessary to continue with all industrial development to include impact on good quality public facility planning and con- water supply, water quality, waste disposal, struction standards (Goal Numbers 3, 7, 9, 10, toxic emissions, air quality and traffic patterns 11, 13, 23, 24 and 25). (Goal Numbers 8, 12 and 20). 33. Work to inform state legislators of the effect 42. In order to promote the implementation of the the misuse of subdivision exemptions has on Master Plan and to insure that zoning decisions increasing the cost of public facilities and ser- will reflect the goals and pollicies of the Plan, vices to taxpayers, of the destruction of natural the City-County Planning Board will establish and agricultural resources caused by the misuse a regularly scheduled orientation program for of exemptions and of the increased energy con- the members of the Zoning Commission, the sumption resulting from sprawl development Board of Adjustments, the Gallatin County promoted by the misuse of exemptions (Goal Commissioners and the Bozeman City Com- Numbers 3, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 19, 23, 24 and mission to acquaint them with the contents of 25). the Plan and to encourage adherence to the 34. Develop a subdivision review process to pre- Plan's goals and policies (All Goals). vent the use of the subdivision exemption pro- 43. Use the zoning regulations and Uniform Build- visions as a means of evading the regulations ing Code to insure safe,sanitary and decent liv- (Goal Numbers 3, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 19, 23, ing conditions for the rehabilitation of the ex- 24 and 25). isting housing stock (Goal Numbers 3,4,6 and 35. Use the Master Plan, building codes, zoning 16). and subdivision regulations to preserve solar 44. Encourage the use of low interest rehabilitation access to existing and future development loans for low and moderate income persons for whenever possible (Goal Numbers 23 and 24). the revitalization of neighborhoods in desig- 36. Develop and implement county and city finan- nated areas that have deteriorating and cial plans and capital improvements programs substandard living conditions (Goal Numbers to cover public improvements and services to 3, 4, 6 and 16). the planning jurisdictional area, and require 45. Encourage the revitalization of residential annual review and update (Goal Numbers 5, neighborhoods as funding becomes available 15, 19 and 20). for such purposes as renovation of 37. Require the City-County Planning Board to neighborhood public facilities, removal of prepare an annual program budget and a three- dilapidated buildings, litter control, and year long-range program of work; require that development of parks and playgrounds (Goal the program budget and long-range program Numbers 3, 4, 6 and 16). of work be based on the goals and policies of 46. Seek Federal, State and Local funding for the the adopted master plan, and require that the development of vacant dedicated parklands program budget include review and update of (Goal Numbers 15 and 16). the adopted Master Plan at least one time every 47. Utilize the community's educational system to three years (All Goals). provide on-the-job training to assist the unem- 38. Use the master plan, zoning and subdivision ployed citizens of the community (Goal Num- regulations to encourage the development of bers 19 and 22). an industrial park with facilities installed that will attract small amenity-oriented and LAND USE PLAN technology research-type industries (Goal The land use plan will serve as a guide for land use Numbers 19, 20 and 21). development, zoning, transportation improvctncnts and 39. At the completion of the historical survey and the extension of public utilities. This section focuses on inventory for Bozeman, an Historical/Neigh- the plan and its component parts. The goals and policies borhood classification should be added to the also provide interpretive information necessary for Land Use Classification section of the Master understanding the land use classifications which are Plan and Historical/Neighborhood districts in- distributed on the land use plan maps. eluded on the land use plan maps for the City The land use traps show the location, general size of Bozeman and the jurisdictional area (Goal and extent of each land use classification throughout the Numbers 9, 16 and 17). city and its jurisdictional area. The land use plan maps 40. As additional conversions occur in Bozeman's are in a packet attached to the inside back cover of thie older neighborhoods from single-family to report. Maps of existing land use are in the office of the multi-family residences, zoning and subdivi- Bozeman City-County Planning Board for reference. 4-5 Four major land use designations are addressed 2. Rural Development - Residential development within the city and the planning jurisdiction boundaries. may occur at the maximum density allowed by The area within the city limits of Bozeman is pro- State Health Department requirements. These posed to develop at city densities with growth occurring areas arc called rural development nodes. These as public facilities are expanded. are generally subdivided areas with roads and The proposed sewer service area extends approx- other public facilities already constructed. imately one mile around the city limits. Development in 3. Low Density Residential - Maximum density of this area is to be restricted to 20 acres per dwelling unit seven dwelling units an acre and requires central to prevent the city from becoming surrounded by large sewer and water facilities. The proposed low lot developments. An overlay district is shown on the density residential areas conform to present jurisdictional area land use plan and designates higher residential development and zoning. Areas density urban land use in the service area when the area designated for low density development general- connects to central City services or package sewer ly conform to surrounding neighborhood uses disposal systems. and should be screened from noncompatible Areas designated as rural development nodes are uses. 'The southern and southeastern planning encouraged to develop at the highest density allowed by sectors in the city contain the majority of land State Health Department requirements. The increased designated for single family use. These areas development in these areas would provide for cost cffec- lack sufficient road access and nearness to shop- tive services and would provide incentives for filling the ping and employment to warrant higher den- vacant lots in existing subdivisions. sities. Undeveloped rural lands with no physical con- 4. Medium Density Residential - Residential straints are allowed to develop at a density of 20 acres development with a maximum of 27 dwelling per dwelling unit. units per acre, allowing for a variety of housing A numerical evaluation system was utilized in pre- types and densities within that range. This paring the jurisdictional area land use plan map. The would require central sewer and water facilities. numerical evaluation system includes five major areas The majority of medium density residential land of concern for determining land use in the jurisdictional conforms to existing zoning with the exception area. These are public facilities and services, transpor- of an area in the northeast sector of the city that tation network, physical and environmental impacts, was originally zoned for high density residential conservation of agriculture land and preservation of development. This land use is generally located agricultural activities, and effects on the surrounding in neighborhoods where a mixture of single area. In addition to allocating planned land use objec- family and multi-family uses currently exist in tively, the numerical evaluation system removes the new growth areas within and immediately adja- possibility of treating any one tract or area of land dif- cent to the city. It is recommended that clus- ferent from any other. It is fair to all, it is objective,and ter/planned unit residential techniques be en- it is easy to apply and understand. couraged in medium density residential areas. This point system was used on all land outside the 5. Multiple-Use Development - Development of a proposed sewer service area that did not. have physical planned mix of high density residential, amen- constraints to agricultural use. The maximum number ity-oriented industry and research-technology of points possible would total 210. To determine devel- development with sufficient commercial space opment nodes, a parcel of land had to receive a mini- to serve the development. Central sewer and mum of 112 points. Any land totaling less than 112 water facilities are required. points was not deemed suitable for any major develop- ment. Commercial The jurisdictional area land use plan map was pro- duced by utilizing this evaluation system. 1. Central Business District - Development of a Table 15 is an example o1' the evaluation system mix of uses with retail trade, high density resi- dentialused for the land use classification, included here for development, professional offices and reference purposes, entertainment and cultural facilities. Central sewer and water facilities are required. The cen- tral business district boundaries correspond to t.and Use Classifications the existing zoning except for a small expansion Residential to the west to North 7th Avenue and north to 1. Agricultural/Conservation - Land which is West Mendenhall Street. This expansion corres predominently in the two highest soil produc- ponds to the existing land use. It is recom- tivity classifications and is undeveloped (Figure mended that extension be contiguous with the 10). This includes all lands outside the city limits existing commercial areas and only if it is coin- except the planned sewer and water service area patible with the entire surrounding area in terms and rural development nodes. The maximum of land use, safety, traffic, and public facilities. planned density for this area is 20 acres per Generally, only expansion for large scale dwelling unit. development will meet the requirements. 4-6 2. General Highway Commercial - Commercial If rural development is restricted to lands which areas concentrated in well-defined areas rather are already subdivided, there will be enough than isolated small locations. Central sewer and compact development to support a neighbor- water facilities and a safe well-defined access to hood commercial area in the vicinity of South a major arterial are required.The Bozeman area 19th Avenue and Nash Road in the future. has experienced some scattered commercial de- Industrial velopment along entryways to the city in the 1. Technololgy-Research - This area is to provide past decade. This scattered development relies for and encourage development of high tech- on a high automobile use and has an adverse ef- nology industries and research establishments. feet on residential areas, energy use and the This requires attractive, pleasant,quiet,planned natural amenities that draw people to Bozeman. surroundings with good road access, central The highway business areas are located along facilities, protection from the conflicting land the three entryways to the city on West Main uses and activities, and close proximity to Mon- Street, East Main Street and North 7th Avenue. tana State University. 3. Limited Highway Commercial - Commercial The areas designated for research-technology areas concentrated in well-defined areas rather are located in Valley Unit Annexation and along than isolated small locations. This is limited to the southern and southwestern periphery of uses that require large parcels of land and do not Montana State University area to utilize the require central sewer and water facilities. These many technical facilities the University has to uses include farm implement dealers, mobile offer. The majority of land is outside the city home dealers, veterinary clinics, nurseries and limits and is designated as multiple-use to allow commercial green houses, lumber and building high density residential and commercial uses supply yards, and warehouses. Limited com- along with research-technology. mercial is specifically not to include uses which To develop in the multiple-use areas would re- generate a high turnover rate of customer traf- quire connection to central sewer and water fic, such as restaurants, bars, stores selling facilities. general merchandise,grocery stores,automobile service stations, molar vehicle and recreational 2• Light Industrial - This area is intended I'or light vehicle sales, and personal service and recrea- manufacturing, warehousing, and wholesale tional activities. Direct access to limited com- distribution. Through buffering, this area is in- mercial areas is to be permitted only from tended to create little nuisance. The areas designated local or collector streets and not designated for light industrial use correspond to from arterials. Access to arterials is to be per- existing zoning. The land is located along North milted only by way of access frontage roads. Rouse Avenue, Griffin Drive and Bridger Drive. The limited highway business areas are located It is recommended that an effort be made to im- on U.S. 10 east of Bozeman, the southeast and prove the appearance of some light industrial southwest corners of Cottonwood Road and areas in the northeast sector of the city. This U.S. 191, and the southwest corner of U.S. 191 could be encouraged by civic organizations and Lynx Lane. working with City officials. It is suggested that a future industrial park site be located north of 4. Neighborhood Commercial — Should serve a o Oak Street and south of Interstate 90. To attract one-half to one-mile radius with a population of new industry, a program for developing an in- 2,000 or more people, and is to provide only for The areas should be be ini park with on-site improvements should local convenience shopping. be initiated. buffered and architecturally blended to protect 3. Heavy Industrial - Development of general surrounding neighborhoods. Existing neigh- manufacturing and production of goods which borhood business locations are in the vicinity of because of processing, creates more nuisance Montana State University, Valley Unit Annexa- than light industrial uses. The areas designated tion and the Story Hills Annexation. It is recom- for heavy industrial use arc in the northeastern mended that an additional neighborhood com- sector of the city located between the Burlington mercial location be situated in the southeast sec- Northern right-of-way and Interstate 90 and in for of the city to supplement the commercial the northern sector of the planning jurisdiction facility at the corner of South Willson Avenue north of Interstate 90. This land is presently and Kagy Boulevard. This parcel must have zoned for this use. The land designated heavy direct access to an arterial or main collector industrial in the jurisdictional area would be re- street. It is also recommended that at least one quired to annex and connect to public facilities parcel for commercial use be located in each prior to development. It is recommended that an multiple use area situated near Montana State effort be made to improve the appearance of University. These locations should have direct some heavy industrial areas in the northeast sec- access either to South 19th Avenue or South for of the city.This could be encouraged by civic I Ith Avenue. organizations working with City officials. 4-7 Conservation result in great expense to the public for facilities 1. Riparian Areas - These areas include stream and services. Erosion control zones are all areas banks, floodways, watercourses, and other with over 30 percent slopes. These areas are to areas characterized by their being water-related. be protected or remain in their natural state. These areas are to be protected or remain in 3. View Protection Areas -The ridgelines of Sour- their natural states. dough Ridge and Story Hills arc declared view 2. Fault Zones, Erosion Control Areas and Land- protection areas. These areas are to remain in slide-Prone Areas - These areas could pose a their natural state or be protected where possible threat to the personal safety of inhabitants if de- from inappropriate development which breaks vcloped without property safeguards and may up the skyline. TABLE 15 LAND USE EVALUATION SYSTEM Central Sewer System Points Multiplier Percentage of Site in Agriculture Points Multiplier 1. 0-25070 5 1 I. Public Sewer System 5 5 2. 25 -50016 3 2. Package Plant 3 3. 50-75% 1 3, Septic System 1 4. 75- l0U%n 0 Access to Paved Arterial or Collector Land Zoned for Agriculture Use Other Than Sourdough Road I 0 25016 5 2 1. Direct Access 5 4 2. 25 -SOeJo 3 2. Within �/4 Mile 3 3. 50-75% 1 3. Within %: Mile 1 4. 74- 100% 0 4, Greater Than %a Mile 0 Utilize Transfer or Development Environmental Impact Rights Concept 1. Negative 1 3 1. Develop Within Proposed Sewer 2. Medium 3 Service Area 5 5 3. No Impact 5 2, Develop Within Designated Compatibility With Surrounding Growth Nodes 3 Area 3. Develop Outside Designated I. Totally 5 2 Growth Nodes 0 2. Somewhat 3 Development Adjacent to Existing 3. Not Compatible 1 Subdivision Compatibility With Land Use Plan 1. Within Subdivided Area 5 3 I. Compatible 5 5 2. Adjacent to Subdivided Area 3 2. Compatible With Intent but 3. Within %: Mile of a Not Land Use Map 3 Subdivided Area 1 3. incompatible 1 4. Over �A Mile of a Proximity to Community and Public Subdivided Area 0 Services(Schools, fire, Pollee) Ability of Development to Annex to 1. Within �/1 Mile of Services 5 1 the City if Physically Capable 2. Within I Mile of Services 3 1. Adjacent to City 5 4 3. Within 2 Miles of Services 1 2. Within IA Mile of City 3 4. Over 2 Miles of the City 0 3. Within �h Mile of City I Transportation-Circulation and 4. Greater than iA Mile of City 0 Energy Cost Soil Productivity for I. Paved Within �A Mile of Agricultural Use Employment, Shopping,etc. 5 1 1. Highest Potential 0 1 2. Paved within I Mile of 2. Good 1 Employment, Shopping,etc. 3 3. Fair 3 3. Paved Within 2 Miles of 4. Nonproductive 5 Employment, Shopping, etc. 1 Land in Agricultural Use Within 4. Over 2 Miles of Employment, One Mile of Site Shopping,etc. 0 I. 0-25%n 5 3 Total-210 Maximum 2. 25 -50% 3 Note: A parcel of land had to receive a minimum of 112 points to be 3. 50-75% 1 considered as a development node.Any land totaling less than 112 points was not deemed suitable for any major develop- 4. 75- 100% 0 ment. 4-8 Public Lands Plan tice fields and ballfields of varying kinds and an increas- School Plan ing shortage of these fields. Consideration must be The school plan is derived from recommendations given to the development of these facilities. Therefore, of the Community Recreation Department and the Blue acceptance of parkland dedications unsuitable for this Ribbons Commission to study schools. Projected stu- type of development must be carefully evaluated to in- dent enrollment is scheduled to level off and decline sure adequate supplies of land suitable for active de- through the year 2000. No major school facilities are velopment. scheduled to be built in the near future. The plan does The Milwaukee Railroad right-of-way should beobtained if and where possible. A linear park system recommend the acquisition of seven additional sites for connecting existing parklands, points of interest and the school and parkland development. downtown area should be developed. With the inereas- Parks, Recreation and Open Space ing Popularity of jogging and bicycling, linear parks providing for these types of recreation will become in- As the Bozeman community grows, its needs for creasingly important in order to make vehicular traffic and demands on the City's recreation facilities will also and these modes of transportation more compatible. grow. In order to meet and satisfy these increased Support of the continued development of Sour- demands, the City must maintain its existing recreation dough Trail to the National Forest Boundary is also en- facilities and develop new ones.The following is a list of couraged and permanent easements must be acquired. priorities for expansion of Bozeman's recreation facili- A linear park should be established starting on East ties. Babcock Street and running north along Bozeman Maintenance and Development of Existing Creek following Rouse Avenue. City Parks Development of the Community Park There are many areas of undeveloped dedicated The Bozeman community is in need of a developed com- parklands within the city's jurisdictional area. These munity park. The two Harris School sites, the Mountain parks need to be developed in order to serve the sur- Shadows site, the Valley Unit park/school site and the rounding area. Some of this development and main- remaining undeveloped portion of the softball complex tenance can be encouraged to be done by the neigh- site should be considered. An increasing need for borhood serviced by the park. developed ballfields and practice fields has been dem- Continued maintenance and upgrading of existing onstrated. A community parks should be pursued to insure against deterioration. park should be designated to fulfill those needs. Currently, the City of Bozeman is providing all of the recreation areas, parklands, and open spaces within Joint Park/School Site Acquisition the city limits, but the City is incapable of making Whenever possible, parkland dedications should be changes outside the city limits that will assure the quali- adjacent to proposed school sites to provide for larger ty of recreational opportunities. Therefore, the citizens acreage for joint development and maintenance of the of the city and the county must cooperate in order to sites by the City and the school district. continue the current quality of recreation in the Boze- man area. All users of the City recreation facilities are Recommendations needed to assist the City in maintaining and developing 1. As the Parks, Recreation and Open Space sec- a recreation system that is satisfying to us all. tion of this Master Plan does not address specif- Land Acquisition is facilities, it is recommended that a complete Acquisition of land for future park sites is vital in inventory be compiled to include both indoor order to insure availability of land for park develop- and outdoor facilities that can be utilized for ment as the growing community demands new facilities. recreational uses including City, County and Parkland dedication in subdivisions should be accepted school sites. This inventory should look at the if the land is well located, is needed for the overall park condition of existing facilities and address and recreation program, and is physically suited for potential renovations and expansion, as well as park and recreation use. Cash-in-lieu or land trades suitable development on undeveloped sites. should be considered if necessary to obtain centrally- 2. The Recreation Advisory Board should com- located land or land adjacent to existing parks. Park- plete a specific needs assessment to identify land should have higher priority than cash-in-lieu those problem areas that have facility needs, whenever possible to provide land for parks and open and these needs should be prioritized. Alterna- spaces. It should be encouraged to require dedication of tives to meet these needs should be developed in developable land which can later be traded or sold if the conjunction with the aforementioned facility in- site is an area where more park and recreation land is ventory. not needed. The proceeds should be used for park devel- 3. Short and long-range programs and goals opment or land acquisition if needed. should be established, adopted, and diligently An important factor to consider when approving pursued by the Administrative Trustees and the parkland dedications is the lack of useable active recrea- Recreation Advisory Board of the Bozeman/ tion park areas.There is an increasing demand for prac- Gallatin County Recreation Department. 4-9 4. The City and County should attempt to estab- Sanitary Sewer System Plan lish a cooperative agreement to attain develop- The expansion of the sewer treatment plant was ment and maintenance of parks, recreation, and completed in early 1983. The sewer treatment facilities open space facilities that both the city and coun- will now handle a city population of 36,000 and should ty residents use. handle sewage needs well after the year 2000.This sewer Community Facilities Plan service area is within the master planned area. Water Plan The proposed sanitary sewer service area recom- mends sewer line extensions to the following areas The City of Bozeman is in the process of construct- (Figure 9): ing a 10-million- gallon-per-day water treatment plant. 1. The Bridger Canyon trunk system has been built The plant will use surface water supplied by Bozeman as a private sanitary sewer system from Rouse and Hyalite Creeks. The turbidity of these sources ex- Avenue north of Griffin Drive and extending ceeds acceptable levels for drinking water during the eastward to include Bridger Center and the spring runoff season. The plant is located at the pre-sed- Bridger Trailer Courts. This system can be ex- imentation basin site south of Nash Road. tended to provide the collection along Bridger The treatment plant will be a filtration system in- Canyon Road for developed areas now using eluding pre-treatment with the addition of coagulant private water supply wells and septic systems. aids, followed by gravity filters. The treatment plant 2. The Sourdough trunk system when built will ex- will include chlorination facilities, chemical storage tend sanitary sewer on Kagy Boulevard to in- space, and a control room. elude areas west of Sourdough Road and south A 30-inch transmission line is being installed south of Kagy Boulevard that are not currently within of the city between the four-million gallon reservoir and the city limits. Annexation will be a requirement the pre-sedimentation basin where the treatment plant is for services. being constructed. This transmission line is replacing a 3. The university interceptor was constructed line that has deteriorated beyond repair and will provide along Durston Road and then south to serve the additional capacity to bring water to the reservoir. Main Mall and part of the triangle area as well A two-million gallon reservoir is also being con- as intervening land. This system will eventually structed immediately west of Highland Boulevard with a be extended south to Lincoln Street and then 20-inch main connected to the existing 12-inch line in east to intercept the sewer on Lincoln Street cast that area. of 19th Avenue. The north portion of Bozeman between Durston 4. The far west trunk has been extended from the Road and Interstate 90 is served by an old dead end. A intersection of Baxter Lane and 19th Avenue to 12-inch line on Oak Street from Rouse Avenue to 5th serve the Valley Unit area, and it will eventually Avenue would provide a second source of water for ade- be extended to the south to complete the collec- quate fire protection in this portion of Bozeman. tion of the service area south and west of To better monitor the amount of water the city is Bozeman. using, a metering device should be installed in the intake dam diverting water from Bozeman Creek to the 30-inch Solid Waste Plan line. The City also intends to install metering on all The City would like those using the City services of residences in the city that are unmetered. solid waste collection and disposal to pay for such ser- Other considerations for improvement in the next vices as a utility. Current user fees levied each year for five years are: operation of the landfill would be eliminated. 1. Purchase additional water rights of areas out- All those areas using the facility would pay a dump- side the city as they become available. ing charge based on the estimated weight of the material 2. Lower water pressure in the North 7th Avenue deposited. area by separating the present distribution The life expectancy of the existing landfill is system into two pressure districts. This would limited, and options for obtaining new land for a land- also include building a three-million gallon res- fill or some other method of solid waste disposal must ervoir to the north of the interstate highway. be considered. 3. A main 14-inch feeder line is required on the Transportation Plan east end of Bozeman from the proposed two- Street design in Bozeman and the jurisdictional million gallon reservoir off Highland Boulevard area is influenced considerably by topography, popula- to Bridger Drive and Story Mill Road. tion density, future land development, nature and com- The City is very near a critical water shortage with position of traffic movement, and cost of construction. the present population. By the year 2000, an additional The degree of service required is related to the needs and 6,877 acre-feet of water will be required. An aggressive desires of the system used, the network pattern of ex- water program is essential if the City is to grow. An in- isting streets, access needs of adjacent land develop- depth investigation for additional water services should ment, existing and proposed land uses and the overall be made. city planning objectives.The influence of these controll- 4-10 ing factors must be considered in the development of service areas as they are subdivided and developed. It suitable service and design standards. should be emphasized that only general locations are Functional Classificational System shown. More exact locations will have to be determined This classification system includes all major ex- when land is developed and when detailed engineering is isting and proposed streets having the following basic completed. The transportation map also shows existing and purposes: proposed roads that will serve as arterials and collectors 1. Arterials in that area outside the proposed sewer service area but An arterial street system serves as a principal network of through traffic flow in the city. It within the 4�/:-mile jurisdictional planning boundary connects areas of traffic generation to highways that will need to be upgraded to meet future demands. entering the city. It serves the major centers of Three areas are designated within the proposed activity, the highest traffic volume corridors and sewer service area as having more than one alternative the longest trip lengths within the urban areas for future construction: and forms an integrated network of highways. 1. A future revision of the corner of College Street Access directly onto arterials to serve property and U.S. 191 may need to be made to increase should be permitted only when marginal access safety and the effectiveness of traffic circulation or service roads can not be provided. Arterial in that area. The intersection locations of pro- designations have been assigned to: posed collectors with College Street and U.S. a. Main Street Route 191 could be affected by this. b. Huffine Road (U.S. Highway 191) 2. Land ownership patterns between Fowler Lane c. U.S. Route 10 west and South 19th Avenue suggest two alternatives d. North Seventh Avenue for a north-south collector to connect Stucky e. Highland Boulevard Road with the extension of Blackwood Road. f. Kagy Boulevard 3. Stucky Road west of 19th Avenue and Cotton- g. Nineteenth Avenue wood Road between Stucky Road and U.S. h. Bridger Drive Route 191 are designated arterials. The exten- t. Tamarack or Oak Street from North Seventh sion of Kagy Boulevard westward from 19th to North Rouse Avenue swings south to connect with Stucky j. Stucky Road Road. An alternative to this would be the exten- k. Cottonwood Road lion of Kagy as a new arterial to Cottonwood, 1. College Street with Stucky Road as a collector rather than an m. Babcock Street arterial. n. Church Street and Sourdough South to A Transportation Plan was prepared by a consul- Goldenstein tant for the City and State Highway Department in o. Goldenstein from Sourdough Road to South 1982. The plan's basic concept is a loop system com- 19th Avenue prised of Highland Boulevard, Kagy Boulevard, 19th p. Baxter Road Avenue and Oak Street, which will allow the movement q. Frontage Road of traffic around, rather than through the City of 2. Collectors Bozeman. The concept is incorporated into the This street system includes all distributor and Bozeman Area Master Plan. A summary follows. collector streets serving traffic between arterials The Bozeman Transportation Plan's recommended and local streets. It also includes streets used future improvements and projected priorities were principally to provide for through traffic based on traffic projections through the year 2000 and movements within a local area and for access to on an inspection of designated network problem areas abutting property. Collector streets should be within the city of Bozeman (Figures 12 and 13). spaced approximately at one-half mile intervals These future improvements and projected priorities so they will efficiently connect adjacent neigh- were based on two scenarios dependent on future fund- borhood areas. ing possibilities. Scenario Number One is based on the 3. Local Streets current urban funding level and estimated funds,as pro- The sole function of local streets is to provide vided by the Montana Department of Highways. access to adjacent land. These streets make up a Scenario Number Two is based on current and large percentage of the total street mileage of the estimated urban funding levels, plus an additional city but carry a small proportion of the vehicle $450,000 per year to be provided by local funding miles of travel. Local street systems should sources. preserve neighborhoods by diverting through The recommended project priority list through the traffic. year 2000 is as follows: The street and road system within the proposed 1. Two-lane construction of Kagy Boulevard from sanitary sewer service area,shown on the transportation Highland Boulevard to South Willson Avenue. map (Figures 12 and 13), shows general locations of 2. Short-range projects to be funded at 5 percent proposed arterials and collectors that need to be built to of the yearly urban fund allocation. These 4-I 1 short-range projects are listed in the Bozeman South Church Avenue. Transportation Plan. 8. Improve College Street from U.S. 191 to South 3. Nineteenth Avenue from Durston Road to Oak IIth Avenue. Street and Oak Street from 19th Avenue to 7th Programmed construction times and estimated cost Avenue (two-lane construction with right-of- of the projects will be determined by future funding way for four-lane). sources. Present funding sources will not be adequate to 4. Kagy Boulevard from llth Avenue to 19th complete these improvements. Avenue (two-lane construction with right-of- As a follow up to the Transportation Plan, the way purchase for four-lane). Planning Board further recommends that a more de- 5. Construct arterial corridor from 7th Avenue to tailed study be completed that will better identify the North Rouse Avenue. This should either be needs of the jurisdictional area. Such a study will pro- clone at Oak Street or Tamarack Street. vide the City and County governments a complete 6. Improve Durston Road from 7th Avenue to detailed overview of the problems and limitations of the 19th Avenue. transportation network within the Bozeman City- 7. Improve College Street from South Willson to County Planning Board's jurisdiction. 4-12 • f 1 OAK STREET ■ ■ ■ f OURBTON ROAD ° PEAGI STREET 1 r. 1 ■ Mw wDENHALL_- rr r I 1 MAIN STREET 1 I _ ■ GAGLOCK r 1 � 1 10 � g1 Ig , I � • • 1� b �0 miamm .. 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H KEY •...... c BOZEMAN TRANSPORTATION PLAN A .NOTE-IF WILSON•KAGjj"i AVENLE • INTERSE AtION•I IS NOi GIVEN BO - THE ONSIGERAt10N ONGHTO BE GIVEN TO - 0 DIRECTLY pTO TKAGY BI VP AVENu� : � Existing Arterial ° N Proposed Arterlel S ■ � PI Will ■.■'0'°.'.�.'��""-� �•"�■ ■ Existing Collector 0 • Id r lit ■r■I■I° Proposed Collector R T A T I 0 N 4-13 �--c�cazcnapo��--ems—OZ �_ RUAU nR CANroH = m Q m U a v c y c o w y 0. a O a w 1 1 I II + = I e / 1 • • O 1 ■ � • F' I i � • U / O 1 � I 4_-.y.�,..� ,3 +o CS r tz 064 Z r I ~ �� � �I .I■ ■,■I f 21 ♦ p TOD0-STEVENS ROAD I 1.4 (-1 , ( I� - �it � fnnnlf�n■uI• r MWWWWWli•��� _ � ■ e 5OUTH IDnI AVENGE F • e • • 1 uPRIfIGMiI ROAD �IL■1.1■I■+.+.I■Ilell■I■I 1■I111■i■�I■I-I■I '� • LL1■II�■Iel■II■1, -----T-- I ---------- 1■1■I1.� .lel■I■II�.I■I� — ---- —"--- ------- I(1VA I H RpAR 1 �J DAVIS ROAD 1 T J ¢ 1 1 /J e ■ •' �I I � �cRcueat RonO III F�7{S 1 1 � COTTONNgOO RUAD 1 � I 1 a1 _ F I 1 w n 1 GIM. 04 HILL ROAD 1 1 I D11 LANL I 4-14 3 E P- -)L-L Wo N `T I 1 Nl - FINDER .... dP # Took, 1 / �• •.1 • I � ram`��rt SECTION V IMPLEMENTATION ZONING AND SUBDIVISION REGULATIONS the City are encouraged to annex while discouraging The completion and adoption of the Master Plan development in inappropriate areas. The owner(s) of for the Bozeman area are only the beginning steps in the land to be annexed to the City, not the people of the comprehensive planning process. The plan provides a City of Bozeman, are responsible for construction of guide for orderly and efficient development of land facilities. which the Bozeman area strives to achieve. The achieve- FINANCIAL PLAN ment of the plan relies on the implementation pro- The preceding portion of this Master Plan contains cedures used to carry out the plan. Typically, land use background studies on the Bozeman area's history, past regulations are the primary implementation measure. and present planning, natural and man-made environ- This includes both the zoning ordinance with map and ment, population and economy, and projections of the subdivision regulations. future conditions. One purpose of these studies is to Many of the recommended goals and policies sug- identify potentials—the strength of the community—so gest changes to the land use regulations. In order to that these can be built upon to benefit all people in the efficiently implement the Master Plan, these changes community. Another purpose is to identify problems must be incorporated into the zoning ordinance and and issues. It is not possible to build upon community subdivision regulations. strengths except through addressing problems and The zoning ordinance is enacted to protect and issues. Unless financial resources are allocated in an ob- preserve various sections of the City and its jurisdiction jective and businesslike way, though, most of the effort for particular land uses and to prevent the intrusion of put into planning and problem solving will have been undesirable uses. The zoning ordinance establishes wasted. There must be a financial plan—an analysis of form, intensity and future development. The ordinance the issues, problems, and policies of the plan from the also prevents and limits development where environ- point of view of available and projected financial mental hazards exist. resources. The priorities will be limited by the financial The subdivision regulations are set up to govern the resources available. The financial plan has two dividing of land into smaller units and to set standards elements. One element analyzes the government opera- for construction of public improvements. There should tions required for providing public services and be an assurance to the lot purchaser that he will receive a facilities. This analysis consists of: buildable lot provided with adequate facilities in a well- I. Reviewing operational costs of each public placed subdivision. facility and service. The goals and policies in this plan specifically state 2. Assessing the benefit that the community is in which cases the subdivision and zoning regulations deriving from the various facilities and services. should be amended to reflect the needs of the commun- 3. Calculating the actual cost of these services to ity. the people. BUILDING CODES 4. Deriving the relative value of one service/facil- Building codes are enforced within the city limits of ity as compared to other services and facilities. Bozeman and its three-mile extraterritorial boundaries. 5. Researching the possibility of providing similar These codes reflect the minimum standards needed services and facilities at a lower cost to the peo- to safeguard personal and public welfare and property ple. by the design and construction standards. These The second element of a financial program is a building codes are based on federal standards and capital improvements program. should be upheld in all cases. Capital improvements are the major, one-time ex- penditures a community makes for public facilities. The capital improvements plan decides when, where and at ANNEXATION POLICY what cost these facilities are to be provided. The plan is Policies on extension of public services should re- important in that the scale, location, timing and the fleet the goals of the Master Plan. Current policies operation and maintenance of public facilities helps set should be revised to insure that growth areas adjacent to the budget of the City and County.The capital improve- 5-1 ments should include all sources and amounts of income Board is required to make recommendations for the and all obligated funds.The amount of money available present and future welfare of the community, regardless will determine the timing of new capital improvements. of whether the recommendations are popular. The City of Bozeman and Gallatin County are The Planning Board has two functions required by faced with the difficult task of allocating limited funds the state law: among virtually unlimited demands and competing 1. Assist the City and County with administration needs for public services and facilities. Establishing and enforcement of the subdivision regulations. priorities for the various projects that have been pro- The purpose of subdivision regulations is to posed is a key part of the capital improvement program. plan, design and require construction by the Setting priorities provides a method of linking policies developer of public facilities needed by new with investment decisions. development—roads, storm drainage, sanitary Adopting a capital improvements program would sewage, central water and other utilities. The provide a means of coordinating a physical development state law says the areas of jurisdiction can be up plan with a financial plan. to 4%z miles outside the City. This shared City- County jurisdiction is provided to permit SUMMARY OF RESPONSIBILITIES reasonable development of public facilities around the periphery of cities so that expensive Citizen Participation sprawl and health problems can be prevented. It The involvement of citizens of Bozeman in the is also to allow new development to conform to master planning process was an important facet in the existing development so that the required public development of the master plan. facilities can, in fact, be built and used at The City-County Planning Board felt if the plan reasonable cost to the people. did not suggest a path for future develolpment that the 2. The second item required of a planning board is citizens could support, then some basic changes in the the preparation of a master plan covering the plan would be necessary, area of planning jurisdiction. The area includes To elicit citizen comment, the Planning Board the city, plus area extending up to 4�/2 miles utilized a variety of techniques to inform the citizens of around the City. The Master Plan is required to the plan's purpose. be used as a guide for both the zoning and sub- In 1978, citizen advisory committees were formed division regulations. Content of the Master Plan to review and prepare a set of goals and policies address- is described in detail in the state law,but the law ing identified problems. These goals and policies would is permissive.This means the description of con- be incorporated into the update of the master plan. This tent in the law is only for the purpose of sugges- document was later revised and updated and was incor- tion. porated into the Goals and Policies section of this plan. The Planning Board is as important as any other Newspaper articles were written summarizing in- public body in the community, but there are definite formation contained in the plan. In January and limits to what it can do. It is primarily an advisory body. February, 1983, presentations were made to service It is a creature of the County and City governments,and organizations and civic associations and a number of in- it is financed by the people of the jurisdictional area for formal public meetings were held to inform the public which it plans. concerning the new master plan. Bozeman 'Zoning Commission Advertised public hearings were then scheduled The major responsibility of the Bozeman 'Zoning before the City-County Planning Board. These hearings Commission is to develop a comprehensive zoning or- were open to any public comments, dinance and map that reflects the goals and policies of Bozeman City-County Planning Board the adopted master plan. The commission is also The Bozeman City-County Planning Board is or- responsible for review of all zoning matters within the ganized in accordance with the State Code of Montana, city and its three-mile extraterritorial zoning jurisdic- Section 76-1-101. The Planning Board is an agency of tion. It is required that the final report of the Zoning Gallatin County, but it is not a part of the County Commission be reviewed by the City Commission body government. The Planning Board is an agency of the before action can be taken on any zoning matter. City of Bozeman, but it is not a part of the City govern- The Zoning Commission is comprised of seven ment. The Planning Board serves without pay and acts members appointed by the City Mayor subject to confir- as an advisory and administrative arm of the City and mation of the City Commission members. County governments with the responsibility of guiding development in the community. A report prepared for The Board of Adjustment the Bozeman community in 1960 says, "A Planning The Board of Adjustment hears cases where Board is a group of civic-minded individuals with im- anyone feels aggrieved by the terms and enforcement of agination, courage, foresight, good judgment, and the zoning ordinance. It is a quasi-legal body; that is to above all else,a vital interest in the welfare of their com- say it is to a certain degree a legal body. It is a fact- munity."The report is correct. A planning board is not finding body. And it administers the zoning code. meant to be a politically responsive body. The Planning Board of Adjustments are often pressured to make deci- 5-2 sions which, in effect, change or modify requirements City Manager who is directly responsible to five elected of the zoning code or "remedy" legislative decisions. City Commissioners, one of whom is the Mayor. But, contrary to popular belief, a board of adjustment Various departmental officials including the City has little discretion. Its actions are circumscribed by the Attorney, the Public Works Director (who coordinates zoning code and state enabling legislation. City Engineering, Water,Sewer, Cemetery, Street, Park The two basic responsibilities of the Bozeman and Sanitations divisions)and the City Building Inspec- Board of Zoning Adjustment are to hear appeals and for are appointed by the City Manager. variances. An appeal is when someone alleges that there is an error in the code or that the City zoning enforce- REVIEW AND AMENDMENTS ment official has made an error in enforcement of inter- pretation of the code. A variance is a dispensation from In order for the plan to remain useful, regular the terms of the zoning ordinance where literal enforce- review and occasional amendments will be necessary. ment of the ordinance would result in unnecessary hard- The development of the Planning Board's budget each ship. The reasons for granting a variance are required to year will consist of a review of the Master Plan goals be substantial, serious, compelling and unique to the and policies. particular property. If the alleged "hardship" is im- The plan shall be reviewed by the Bozeman City- posed on properties in general by the zoning require- County Planning Board every three years to insure that ment, it is a legislative rather than a legal matter. It is the goals and policies still reflect the public interest. To not unique to the specific property if it is imposed on insure that the plan is kept up-to-date, various data properties in general, and it is not a responsibility of the sources will be revised annually. Census information, Board of Adjustment. In most cases, the appeal com- building permits, land use changes and school enroll- prises the administrative function of the Board of Ad- ments are an indication of changing conditions. justment, and the variance comprises the legal function. Feedback from updating of facilities plans will also The Board of Adjustment is one of the most often be monitored. Recreation plans, water and sewer plans, misunderstood, most often criticized and most impor- road plans and others are much more detailed than the tant public bodies in local government. Master Plan and any changes in these plans should be Gallatin County Commission reflected. Gallatin County administration is carried out by a Amendments to the Master Plan can take place by board of County Commissioners consisting of three two separate processes. The Bozeman City-County members who are elected representatives of three geo- Planning Board will conduct a review of the plan every graphical areas of the county. The commissioners are three years and make any amendments to meet the the primary County level policy-making group. The changing conditions of the community. Any amend- commissioners are responsible for law enforcement, ments to be considered would be handled through the road and bridge construction and maintenance, and public hearing process and a recommendation made to land subdivision review and approval in the jurisdic- the City and County Commissions for further action. tional area. The plan would also be able to be amended through the master plan amendment process. 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