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D.FYI/Discussion
D.1 Initial Organizing Discussion of Policy Subcommittee (Veselik)
E.Adjournment
THE PARKING COMMISSION OF BOZEMAN, MONTANA
PC Parking Commission Subcommittee AGENDA
Thursday, June 3, 2021
For more information please contact Mike Veselik, mveselik@bozeman.net.
Committee meetings are open to all members of the public. If you have a disability and require
assistance, please contact our ADA coordinator, Mike Gray at 582-3232 (TDD 582-2301).
1
Memorandum
REPORT TO:Parking Commission
FROM:Veselik
SUBJECT:Initial Organizing Discussion of Policy Subcommittee
MEETING DATE:June 3, 2021
AGENDA ITEM TYPE:Policy Discussion
RECOMMENDATION:Discussion
STRATEGIC PLAN:7.3 Best Practices, Creativity & Foresight: Utilize best practices, innovative
approaches, and constantly anticipate new directions and changes relevant
to the governance of the City. Be also adaptable and flexible with an
outward focus on the customer and an external understanding of the issues
as others may see them.
BACKGROUND:The Bozeman Parking Commission created a Policy Subcommittee to
advance the work in the Parking Commission's 2021 Work Plan. This is an
initial meeting to lay out the scope and task subcommittee members with
research projects between meetings.
UNRESOLVED ISSUES:No Unresol
ALTERNATIVES:No Alternative
FISCAL EFFECTS:No Fiscal Effects
Attachments:
Resolution 2021-03 Subcommittee Resolution for Parking
Commission.docx
Downtown Strategic Parking Management Plan Update
Memo.pdf
Report compiled on: June 1, 2021
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Resolution 2021-03 Subcommittee Creation Page 1 of 2
BOZEMAN PARKING COMMISSION
RESOLUTION 2021-03
A RESOLUTION OF THE PARKING COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF BOZEMAN, MONTANA,
TO ALLOW SUBCOMMITTEES TO CONVENE TO ADVANCE THE WORK OF THE BOZEMAN
PARKING COMMISSION AS OUTLINED IN THE 2021 WORK PLAN.
WHEREAS, the City of Bozeman has granted the Parking Commission authority manage
parking in the City of Bozeman (MCA7-14-4634); and,
WHEREAS, the Parking Commission and other citizen advisory boards can convene
subcommittees to advance their work between full advisory board meetings; and,
WHEREAS, in Article II, Section 9 of the Montana Constitution, citizens of the State and
any other interested parties have a constitutional protection to the right to know what their
government is doing: and,
WHEREAS, the City of Bozeman has standardized notice requirements for all public
meetings; and,
WHEREAS, City staff and citizens both benefit from the active participation in meetings
of the general public; and,
NOW THEREFORE, BE ITRESOLVED that the Bozeman Parking Commission authorizes the
creation of no more than two subcommittees to advance the work as outlined in the 2021 Work
Plan. The subcommittees can focus on issues under the Policy bucket (paid on-street parking,
UDC Code Minimums, employee permits)or the Capacity bucket (Multimodal options, capacity)
identified by the Parking Commission and endorsed by the City Commission. The Parking
Commission Chair will appoint no more than three members to each subcommittee so as not to
constitute a quorum of the Parking Commission. Membership of the subcommittees will be
posted to the City Website. The meetings will be conducted via the WebEx teleconferencing
software with an agenda post under the city’s public noticing requirements. The subcommittees
will expire no later than November 30, 2021.
Passed and adopted by the Parking Commission of the City of Bozeman, Montana, at a session
held on the 13th day of May 2021.
______________________________________
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Resolution 2021-03 Subcommittee Creation Page 2 of 2
Jim Ness, Chair
Bozeman Parking Commission
ATTEST:
___________________________
Mike Veselik, Interim Parking Manager
City of Bozeman
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MEMORANDUM
Date: April 2, 2021
To: Bozeman Parking Commission
From: Mike Veselik, Interim Parking Manager
Re: Downtown Strategic Parking Management Plan Update and Parking
Commission Work Session
In 2016, the City of Bozeman Parking Commission and City Commission adopted the
Downtown Strategic Parking Management Plan to guide long-term decisions and
planning for the City’s parking program. The plan has 26 recommended strategies
for implementation. Many of these strategies have already been completed.
However, several are still outstanding.
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and Parking Commission and Staff turnover,
momentum to complete the remaining tasks stalled out in recent months. The April
8, 2021 work session is meant to reestablish the short- to medium-term work plan
for parking staff and the Parking Commission. In addition, the Parking Commission
is in the unique position to take advantage of a robust community engagement
session including the creation of a Parking Handbook and the feedback provided by
the community to inform their work plan. (Appendix I and II)
Accomplished Strategies
In the first five years of the Downtown Strategic Parking Management Plan, the
below strategies have been completed:
Formalize the guiding principles as policies within the parking and
transportation plan
Adopt the 85% Rule as the standard for measuring performance of the
parking supply and triggering specific management strategies and rate
ranges.
Strengthen the role of the Parking Manager and the Parking Services division
to better integrate with Community and Economic Development planning
Establish a policy for adjusting rates
Establish a Capital Maintenance Reserve Fund
Re-evaluate and restructure the current “cash-in-lieu” program (38.25.040 A.
3. B 1 -4, BMC).
Complete the 2008 Parking District Identification Signage/Branding Plan
Clarify current on-street parking signage, particularly in areas were
unlimited parking is allowed. Consider incorporating the current City
parking logo into on-street signage.
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Rename all publicly owned lots and garages by address
Upgrade the access/revenue control system at the garage
Establish best-practice protocols and performance metrics for existing
enforcement personnel and support enforcement with appropriate
technology
Explore changes to existing residential on-street permit programs and
evaluate and potentially implement new residential parking permit districts
in the neighborhood north and south of the downtown commercial district.
While considered complete, the Parking Commission may choose to expand on or
modify these accomplished strategies in some way. However, staff recommends the
Commission focus their energy on the unfinished strategies.
Unfinished Strategies
Below are the strategies from the 2016 plan that remain incomplete. Staff and the
Commission have begun work on many of these policies. Much work is still needed
to complete most if not all of these.
Re-evaluate code-based minimum parking requirements (See 38.25.040 A.2.
a & b, BMC).
Re-evaluate and clarify the purpose and intent of the current code section
regarding Special Improvement District (SID) No. 565. (38.25.040.A.3.b.(4),
BMC).
Implement a facilities maintenance plan.
Develop a schedule of data collection to assess performance of the downtown
parking supply, including on- and off-street inventory (public and private
supply) and occupancy/utilization analysis.
Identify off-street shared-use opportunities based on data from facility
maintenance plan. Establish goals for transitioning employees, begin
outreach to opportunity sites, negotiate agreements, and assign employees to
facilities.
Install a vehicle counter system at Bridger Garage and at the Armory,
Carnegie, Eagles, and Willson lots.
Expand bike parking network to create connections between parking and the
downtown to encourage employee bike commute trips and draw customers
to downtown businesses.
Evaluate on-street pricing in high-occupancy areas
Explore expanding access capacity with new parking supply and/or transit.
o Identify possible new garage sites.
o Explore shuttle/circulator connections.
Develop cost forecasts for preferred parking supply and shuttle options.
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Explore and develop funding options.
Explore the implementation of on-street pricing.
o Develop a marketing/communications and new system roll out plan.
o Begin on-street paid parking if feasible and appropriate
Consider consolidating current users of Black lot into the garage and
consider selling property to fund future supply
Next Steps
The Parking Commission has received extensive public feedback on the current
state of parking in Bozeman. It is up to the Parking Commission to lay out a work
plan for staff to pursue. Prior to the meeting, Commissioners will receive a survey to
prioritize completion of the remaining strategies. Staff will share the results of the
survey at the April meeting.
The survey results will guide the conversation to set a work plan for the upcoming
year.
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APPENDIX I
RESIDENTIAL PARKING PERMIT DISTRICT
(RPPD)
Parking Management Recommendations
April 2021
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Prepared By:
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BACKGROUND
In January and early February of 2021, the City of Bozeman Economic Development
Department hosted a series of community engagement meetings to build trust
between the City and residents, increase utilization of the Residential Parking
Permit Districts (RPPD), and surface any challenges the stakeholders are
experiencing. The engagement session was undertaken at the direction of both the
Bozeman City Commission and the Parking Commission.
Purpose and Approach
Parking management is a complex, and sometimes emotional, area of focus that
must address numerous interests and perspectives. The purpose of the engagement
process was to inform all stakeholders as to intent and desired outcomes of parking
management in residential neighborhoods, provide a space beyond the public
meeting format for the community to engage with staff, Parking Commissioners, and
neighbors to learn and problem solve about RPPD issues.
To accomplish this, two meetings for residents of the RPPDs were held. The first
meeting established a common understanding of Values and Guiding Principles that
define the desired outcome of parking management in residential neighborhoods.
This established the framework for discussion in 30-minute small breakout sessions
to compile community feedback, which was reported back to the entire group.
Information from this feedback shaped the key findings, and corresponding
recommended solutions that were presented at the second meeting. Meetings were
held:
January 28, 2021 -Values and Guiding Principles
March 3, 2021 – Recommended Solutions
This report summarizes information presented at these meetings with residential
stakeholders. It also outlines the key challenges and concerns expressed by
participants regarding the existing RPPD program format. Additionally, it
documents solutions recommended by the consultant team to address concerns that
were expressed and to serve as an action plan for staff and the community to move
forward.
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Parking Handbook
At the outset of the engagement process, the Bozeman Parking Handbook was
created to serve as a guide to document and communicate the community
foundation, intention and desired outcomes of parking policies. The Handbook will
help facilitate decisions for future parking management policies that will help
achieve the desired values for the community.
VALUES AND GUIDING
PRINCIPLES
Parking management entails far more than simply providing access to a parking
stall. It is a comprehensive system that integrates alternative modes of
transportation (e.g., transit, biking, walking, ride-share) to maximize opportunities
for people to efficiently access different locations across the city. How this system is
implemented, and where investments are made, depends on a city’s set of Values for
managing growth and Guiding Principles that clearly state desired outcomes for
managing parking and transportation access, in residential neighborhoods and
commercial areas.
The intent for both Values and Guiding Principles is to establish a basis for
consensus and provide the City an evaluative filter for decision-making; ensuring
that recommended actions and implementation of City plans are shaped by adopted
policy and best practices. City Values and Guiding Principles for parking
management were presented and discussed with stakeholders at the first RPPD
public engagement session on January 28, 2021. These are listed below.
Values
The following values prioritize outcomes for future city development in alignment
with the City Commission Strategic Plan adopted in 2018. A more detailed
explanation of these values and specific alignment with the Strategic Plan is
provided in the Parking Handbook.
ENVIRONMENT
Address City Climate Goals – Provide diverse transportation options (e.g., walk, bike,
bus, remote work, rideshare) to reduce climate impacts.
Prevent Sprawl - Use land more efficiently to reduce over-building roads,
infrastructure, and parking surfaces.
Build a Healthy Environment – Encourage walkable development patterns.
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COMMUNITY
Accessible Neighborhoods – Residents should be able to park on their street and
have guests easily visit.
Strong Local Businesses - Businesses should have parking accessible to customers in
order to thrive.
CIVIC RESPONSIBILITY
Public Fiscal Responsibility – Cover the costs of programs and services with
appropriate fees.
Community Engagement – The city will employ transparent, upfront, clear
communication to gather input from the public to help shape policy.
Equity – Public policy should strive to eliminate negative impacts on those least able
to bear costs.
Guiding Principles
Parking management is intended to maximize public investments in infrastructure
that align with the established values. The following Guiding Principles for
managing the public supply of parking are reflective of priorities established in the
Downtown Strategic Parking Management Plan that was adopted in 2016. A more
detailed explanation of these Guiding Principles is also provided in the Parking
Handbook.
1) Neighborhoods – The City will ensure adequate parking for residents and
guests in neighborhoods
2) Downtown – The City will ensure adequate parking for customers and
visitors downtown
3) Role of Private Sector – The private sector (developers and employers) is
primarily responsible for providing employee parking.
4) Decision-Making – Objective and publicly available data and performance
measures will determine when new types of management or construction of
additional supply is needed.
5) Efficiency - Unlock existing parking supply and promote use of alternative
modes of transportation. Create capacity through strategic management of
existing supply (public and private), reasonable enforcement, and integrating
parking with alternative modes. The efficient use of parking is encouraged by
“unlocking” supply. The amount of available supply is determined by two
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factors 1) measuring performance of the existing parking supply through
objective data collection, and 2) evaluating demand against an occupancy
standard determined by neighborhoods and the Parking Commission that
reflects the character of the neighborhood. This allows some areas to
maximize the use of parking areas, while others will retain more vacancies.
On-street parking is a finite supply. By maximizing the use of the supply, it
reduces the need to build more stalls within the overall system.
RPPD STAKEHOLDER
CHALLENGES AND DESIRED
OUTCOMES
Information derived from the January 28, 2021 breakout sessions was consolidated
into several key themes that were consistently expressed by stakeholder
participants. The City believes that this community input reflects important issues
for consideration in managing the RPPD.
Below, these themes are summarized. Each theme is accompanied with a brief
descriptive narrative to better clarify each challenge. These challenges and desired
outcomes shape the recommended solutions outlined later in the Section - RPPD
Recommended Solutions.
The following key findings and recommended solutions were presented at the
March 3, 2021 RPPD neighborhood stakeholder meeting. Solutions were crafted to
address specific concerns and challenges derived from the community feedback
gathered during the meeting on January 28, 2021. These priorities reflect important
issues for consideration in managing the RPPD.
There were several consistent themes heard from neighbors as to currently
perceived challenges inherent to the existing RPPD program format. These
challenges and desired outcomes shape the recommended solutions outlined later
in the Section - RPPD Recommended Solutions.
Visitor Pass Process is Challenging – Simplify and streamline the process to access
visitor passes.
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Transparent Fees – Current permit fees include the cost of citation labor without
the benefit of citation revenue. This may create higher annual permit costs.
Consistent Enforcement – Not clear when enforcement patrols the neighborhood
and how recurrent issues are addressed.
MSU Factor – Fraternity/sorority houses may foster long-term parking on street
and game day parking can be an issue.
“Efficiency” Guiding Principle: Residents of the MSU RPPD expressed
concern around and resistance to unlocking existing supply. Residents of the
BHS RPPD shared anecdotes of underutilized supply. There is significant
variation within both RPPDs of areas with availability of and lack of parking
supply.
Safety – Include Safety as a Value/Guiding Principle in considering parking
management solutions with the following recommended language:
Parking Systems will be Safe - The on- and off-street public parking systems and
related programs will be managed to be safe, reliable, user-friendly, and attractive.
They will complement the quality of the areas/districts they serve for visitors,
residents and employees. Safety involves effective coordination of enforcement,
lighting, secure linkages between destinations and quality infrastructure (on-street,
in lots, garages and alternative modes).
RPPD POTENTIAL CONFLICTS
WITH CURRENT CITY VA LUES
AND PARKING MANAGEME NT
PRINCIPLES
The existing format of the MSU and BHS RPPD's creates conflicts with city Values
and Guiding Principles (as summarized above). The City recognizes that the two
existing RPPD's were established before adoption of the 2016 Downtown Strategic
Parking Plan and the 2018 City Commission Strategic Plan. To this end, the City
wants to address the community concerns stated above in the existing RPPD's and
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ensure that moving forward, future RPPD's are managed more in accordance with
current City policy.
Areas where the current RPPD format conflict with current values and principles
are summarized below. These conflicts were presented to participants in both the
January and March 2021 public engagement meetings. Further clarification of these
issues is below.
Exclusive use of public right of way - The current RPPD program format only
allows residents, home offices, and guests to park on the public right-of-way. This
prohibits non-residents from parking within the RPPD boundaries. This is a format
that does not conform to industry best practices for use of the public right-of-way
within a residential permit district. Best practice protocol would be to (a) prioritize
use of residential right-of-way for residents and their guests, then (b) manage that
priority through use of residential tenant/guest permits and time limited parking
(e.g., 2 Hours). Time limited parking would serve to discourage overspill of
employees from adjacent commercial areas but allow resident and non-resident
visitors access to unused supply (simplifying resident guest pass need to only long-
term stays).
Equitable use of a public asset – The current RPPD format essentially treats the
public right-of-way as a private street, which is not the case within any other
residential neighborhoods or managed parking area in Bozeman (or most cities
nationally). City codes can identify priority users within a public-right-of way (e.g.,
transit lanes and stops, bike facilities, short versus long-term parking, etc.) but
should not prevent use of any underused supply to the general public. Priority
parking within public assets should be managed rather than reserved.
Maximizing public supply - A key goal of the strategic parking plan is to efficiently
manage the public parking supply. The exclusive use provision of the existing RPPD
conflicts with this goal. Like a reserved parking stall within a parking garage, which
sits unused if the reserved permit holder is not parking, it creates significant
inefficiencies in the supply, encourages overbuilding parking and auto use1, and
denies access to other users.
1 Exclusive use encourages driving given that as the stall is "reserved" there is no need to consider other
modes of access.
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Financial viability – The city's goals and principles for parking call for systems that
are financially self-supporting. Exclusive use provisions within parking systems
reduce the ability to provide (and sell) parking based on best practices for managing
demand. As with maximizing the public supply, financial viability goals result in
increased revenue, better integration with alternative modes, and an overall
reduction in the amount of parking built over time. Also, in situations of exclusive
use (as in the example of reserved parking in a private garage) costs are usually
higher to the user as they are expected to pay a premium for the benefit of
exclusivity. This is not the case within the current RPPD format, nor the desired
outcome expressed by the community.
RPPD RECOMMENDED
SOLUTIONS
The following solutions were presented at the March 3, 2021 RPPD neighborhood
stakeholder meeting. Solutions were crafted to address specific concerns and
challenges derived from the community feedback gathered during the meeting on
January 28, 2021.
Solutions are provided in an Immediate/Short-term (6 – 12 months) and Mid-term
format (12 – 24 months) implementation format. Those charged with leading these
efforts is provided under the column "determination to proceed." Immediate/Short-
term solutions address actions that require minimal (if any) funding, presenting
quick and timely solutions to some commonly expressed community concerns. Mid-
term solutions will require additional time and funding and address concerns that
will result in better efforts at longer term community discussion, planning and
decision-making.
Immediate/Short-Term: 6-12 months
Topic Description Determination to
Proceed
Recognize the
Value of Safety
Update Parking Handbook with a new Guiding Principle
pertaining to safety with language provided in RPPD
Stakeholder Challenges above. Report back to
community on process and completion.
Staff
Visitor Pass Create a neighborhood focus group to design an
improved online visitor pass system. Evaluate options
that include both on-line and other format solutions.
Examine and document current flaws, evaluate capacity
for changes in administrative workflow and costs to
potential options.
Staff
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Consistency in
Enforcement
Improve communication from city on enforcement
schedule, and responsibilities.
Staff
Permit Fee
Transparency
Remove consideration of both citation labor cost and
revenue from permit fee amount. Only charge a fee
amount for the direct administration cost of managing
and monitoring permit system. All future parking citation
labor and revenues will be accounted for in a separate
cost center independent of parking management
operations.
Parking Commission
New Residential
Parking Districts
The existing RPPD program should not be expanded as it
conflicts with city values/guiding principles. If new
residential parking management districts are desired,
they should be implemented under the Parking Benefit
Zone (PBZ) code.
Residents/Parking
Commission
Medium-Term: 12 - 24 months
Topic Description Determination to
Proceed
Neighborhood
support and
funding
Members of the Inter-neighborhood Council (INC),
University Neighborhood Association, Cooper Park
Neighborhood Association, and Midtown Neighborhood
Association should present the request for additional
commitment of staff time and resources to a specific
area in the city with exclusive use of a public asset.
Secure commitment from neighborhood leadership that
additional cost of data collection will be applied to
permit fee cost.
Parking Commission
and
Neighborhood
leadership
Collaborate with
MSU
Work with MSU Parking Services, INC Leadership,
sororities and fraternities to develop collaborative and
realistic solutions to parking issues in the RPPDs.
Staff
Collect Data Develop success metrics and collaboratively collect data
within the RPPD and with MSU
Staff
Implement
Holistic
Management
Solutions with
MSU
City staff develops solutions based on data that achieves
desired outcomes. With data evaluate potential benefits
of strategies that might include varied/graduated permit
fees for multiple-permit dwellings, game day/event
management, and abandoned vehicles. Implementation
approved by Parking Commission.
Parking Commission
SUMMARY
Community stakeholders from existing RPPD neighborhoods provided valuable
insights into challenges that they view within the current RPPD format. There was
an overall general support for both the City's Values and its Guiding Principles for
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parking management. There was also strong support for the current operating
format of RPPD's (i.e., exclusive use) and equally strong opinions regarding the need
for transparency in the program, keeping costs affordable and using data to address
on-going management and decision-making. Equally important was the City's
continued support of its values and the City's goals related to the equitable use of
public assets, maximizing use of its public supply, and financial viability.
The solutions offered here provide a means to both improve the existing RPPD
format (recognizing the unique factors that led to their establishment before
adoption of the 2016 Downtown Parking Strategic Plan and the 2018 City
Commission Strategic Plan) and assure that new residential permit districts will
follow the Parking Benefit Zone format for residential permit districts recently
adopted into the City Code.
On-going communications between the City and stakeholders, and a commitment to
data, will facilitate transparency and sound decision-making.
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APPENDIX II
DOWNTOWN/PARKING BENEFIT DISTRICT (PBZ)
Parking Management Recommendations
April 2021
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Prepared By:
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BACKGROUND
In January and early February of 2021, the City of Bozeman Economic Development
Department hosted a series of community engagement meetings to build trust
between the city and residents, and to solicit input from stakeholders on the
remaining strategies of the 2016 Downtown Strategic Parking Management Plan
and recently approved Parking Benefit Zone (PBZ), which is adjacent to downtown.
Also, staff hoped to surface any additional parking management challenges the
stakeholders are experiencing. The engagement sessions were was undertaken at
the direction of both the Bozeman City Commission and the Parking Commission.
Purpose and Approach
Parking management is a complex, and sometimes emotional, area of focus that
must address numerous interests and perspectives. The purpose of the engagement
process was to inform all stakeholders as to intent and desired outcomes of parking
management, while ensuring that the strategies used to reach those outcomes are
informed by best practices and community input.
To accomplish this, two meetings for the Downtown/PBZ were held. The first
meeting established a common understanding of Values and Guiding Principles that
define the desired outcome of parking management. This objective information
established the framework for discussion in 30-minute small breakout sessions to
compile community feedback, which was reported back to the entire group. This
information shaped the key findings, and corresponding recommended solutions,
that were presented at the second meeting for each focus area. Meetings specific to
the Downtown and PBZ discussions were conducted on the following dates. Because
similar themes and challenges were raised in the first two meetings it was decided
that one Recommended Solutions meeting pertaining to both programs would be
most efficient and informative.
January 28, 2021 -Values and Guiding Principles (PBZ)
February 3, 2021 -Values and Guiding Principles (Downtown)
March 8, 2021 – Recommended Solutions (Combined Downtown and PBZ)
This document summarizes information presented at these meetings with
stakeholders as well as the key challenges and concerns expressed by participants
regarding the existing Downtown and PBZ program format. Additionally, it
documents the recommended solutions from the consultant team to address
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expressed concerns and serves as an action plan for staff and the community to
move forward.
Parking Handbook
At the outset of the engagement process, the Bozeman Parking Handbook was
created to serve as a guide to document and communicate the community
foundation, intention and desired outcomes of parking policies. The Handbook will
help facilitate decisions for future parking management policies that will help
achieve the desired values for the community.
VALUES AND GUIDING
PRINCIPLES
Parking management entails far more than simply providing access to a parking
stall. It is a comprehensive system that integrates alternative modes of
transportation (e.g. transit, biking, walking, ride-share) to maximize opportunities
for people to efficiently access different locations across the city. How this system is
implemented, and where investments are made, depends on a city’s set of Values for
managing growth and Guiding Principles that clearly state desired outcomes for
managing parking and transportation access; in residential neighborhoods and in
commercial areas.
The intent for both Values and Guiding Principles is to establish a basis for
consensus and provide the city an evaluative filter for decision-making; ensuring
that recommended actions and implementation of city plans are shaped by adopted
policy and best practices. City Values and Guiding Principles for parking
management were presented and discussed with stakeholders at the first public
engagement sessions on January 28 and February 3, 2021. These are listed below.
Values
The following values prioritize outcomes for future city development in alignment
with the city Commission Strategic Plan adopted in 2018. A more detailed
explanation of these values and specific alignment with the Strategic Plan is
provided in the Parking Handbook.
ENVIRONMENT
Address City Climate Goals – Provide diverse transportation options (e.g. walk, bike,
bus, remote work, rideshare) to reduce climate impacts.
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Prevent Sprawl - Use land more efficiently to reduce over-building roads,
infrastructure, and parking surfaces.
Build a Healthy Environment – Encourage walkable development patterns.
COMMUNITY
Accessible Neighborhoods – Residents should be able to park on their street and
have guests easily visit.
Strong Local Businesses - Businesses should have parking accessible to customers in
order to thrive.
CIVIC RESPONSIBILITY
Public Fiscal Responsibility – Cover the costs of programs and services with
appropriate fees.
Community Engagement – The city will employ transparent, upfront, clear
communication to gather input from the public to help shape policy.
Equity – Public policy should strive to eliminate negative impacts on those least able
to bear costs.
Guiding Principles
Parking management is intended to maximize public investments in infrastructure
that align with the established values. The following Guiding Principles for
managing the public supply of parking are reflective of priorities established in the
Downtown Strategic Parking Management Plan that was adopted in 2016. A more
detailed explanation of these Guiding Principles is also provided in the Parking
Handbook.
1) Neighborhoods – The city will ensure adequate parking for residents and
guests in neighborhoods
2) Downtown – The city will ensure adequate parking for customers and
visitors downtown
3) Role of Private Sector – The private sector (developers and employers) is
primarily responsible for providing employee parking.
4) Decision-Making – Objective and publicly available data and performance
measures will determine when new types of management or construction of
additional supply is needed.
5) Efficiency - Unlock existing parking supply and promote use of alternative
modes of transportation. Create capacity through strategic management of
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existing supply (public and private), reasonable enforcement, and integrating
parking with alternative modes. The amount of available supply is
determined by two factors 1) measuring performance of the existing parking
supply through objective data collection, and 2) evaluating demand against
an occupancy standard determined by neighborhoods and the Parking
Commission that reflects the character of the neighborhood. This allows
some areas to maximize the use of parking areas, while others will retain
more vacancies. On-street parking is a finite supply. By maximizing the use of
the supply, it reduces the need to build more stalls within the overall system.
Information derived from the January 28 and February 3, 2021 breakout sessions
was consolidated into several key themes that were consistently expressed by
stakeholder participants. The city believes that this community input reflects
important issues for consideration in managing the Downtown and PBZ districts.
The following key findings and recommended solutions were presented at the
March 8, 2021 Downtown/PBZ stakeholder meeting. Solutions were crafted to
address specific concerns and challenges derived from the community feedback
gathered during the initial meetings on January 28 and February 3, 2021.
There were several consistent themes heard from stakeholders as to currently
perceived challenges inherent to the existing format. These challenges and desired
outcomes shape the recommended solutions outlined later in the Section –
DOWNTOWN/PBZ RECOMMENDED
SOLUTIONS.
Invest in Values – The city should invest in alternative transportation modes, but
there is skepticism that this value is not evident in practice. Stakeholders were
supportive of the beneficial relationship between parking management and
alternative modes and are uncomfortable moving forward with some solutions (e.g.,
paid on-street parking) without more commitment to planning and budgeting for
transit, biking, ridesharing, and other alternative modes.
Data – Concern that implementation of the 2016 Downtown Strategic Parking
Management Plan by staff and Parking Commission is not based on clear, objective
and up-to-date data. Stakeholders see the benefit to transparency that routine
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monitoring of best practice performance metrics can bring to discussing (with the
community) and implementing key recommendations within the 2016 Plan.
Prioritize Residential Parking – There was support for, and skepticism of, the
Parking Benefit Zone (PBZ) concept as a potential solution for managing parking in
residential areas within the new PBZ boundary. For stakeholders, the city must
demonstrate commitment to manage to the priority (residential parking) and
mitigate potential spillover issues from downtown employees in the B-3 zone. The
city must demonstrate that the PBZ program intent is not a tool to allow new
development to avoid parking code requirements at the expense of neighborhood
livability and congestion. Data and on-going collaboration between the Parking
Commission and affected neighborhoods will be important elements for addressing
these concerns.
Prioritize On-Street Customer Parking – Stakeholders support the Guiding
Principle that prioritizes on-street parking in the downtown for customer access,
underscoring the importance of customer traffic to business (and downtown)
vitality. There is concern regarding how the city defines "adequate parking" as well
as the process for implementing changes or for the possible transition to paid
parking. Data, transparency, and outreach/education need to be a part of the
solution for managing the on-street system.
Manage Employee Parking – Concern was expressed about use of the on-street
system by employees, which conflicts with customer need. Concern was also
expressed that employees need reasonable options, in the public supply, the private
supply and for alternative modes (e.g., transit, bike, walk, shared parking
agreements, monthly permit parking in the garage). Addressing and balancing this
concern needs to be strategic; through an exploration of shared use options,
education and data.
DOWNTOWN/PBZ POTENTIAL
CONFLICTS WITH CURRE NT CITY
VALUES AND PARKING
MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLE S
The city wants to address the community concerns stated above and ensure that
moving forward, the downtown and PBZ's are managed and aligned with current
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city policy. Key city policies that may challenge concerns expressed by stakeholders
include paid parking, new supply, and spillover of downtown demand into
neighborhoods
These potential conflicts were presented to participants in the February and March
2021 public engagement meetings. It is the intent of the solutions section proposed
below that concerns can be addressed effectively, and City policy can remain
consistent and forward moving. Specific City values and principles are clarified
further below.
Manage On-Street Supply (Curb Space) More Efficiently
The city's goal is to maximize use of curb space in a manner that preserves on street
parking for customers and visitors, provides other options for employees, and
mitigates spillover into neighborhoods. The primary desired outcome is to
maximize the cost effectiveness of city investment is in the parking supply.
Elements that would drive this goal include better data, outreach and education, and
coordinated use of PBZ's to manage downtown spillover into neighborhoods and
"unlock" underutilized existing supply as appropriate. Similarly, strategies that
could transition more parking areas to paid parking are key elements in the city's
parking toolbox; that need to be evaluated and implemented strategically, equitably,
and transparently.
Manage Off-Street Public Supply More Efficiently
Building new supply is very expensive and the use of public dollars for parking
needs to be leveraged within the context of long-term priorities for use of the public
supply to serve visitors. Similarly, there will need to be greater reliance and
investment in non-auto mode options for users. Parking cannot be the only access
solution for Bozeman.
To this end, the City will manage its existing off-street supply (i.e., the Bridger
Parking Garage and public lots) to their highest and best use and in a manner that is
flexible to how demand for parking changes over time (hourly, daily, and
seasonally). Ultimately, new public supply will be influenced by growing visitor
parking demand.
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DOWNTOWN/PBZ RECOMMENDED
SOLUTIONS
The following solutions were presented at the March 8, 2021 RPPD neighborhood
stakeholder meeting. Solutions were crafted to address specific concerns and
challenges derived from the community feedback gathered during the meeting on
January 28 and February 3, 2021.
Solutions are provided in an Immediate/Short-term (6 – 12 months) and Mid-term
format (12 – 24 months) implementation format. Those charged with leading these
efforts is provided under the column "determination to proceed." Immediate/Short-
term solutions address actions that require minimal to moderate funding,
presenting quick and timely solutions to some commonly expressed community
concerns. Mid-term solutions will require additional time and higher levels of
funding and longer-term community discussion, planning and decision-making.
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Immediate/Short-Term: 6-12 months
Topic Description Determination to
Proceed
Demonstrate an
Investment in Values:
Integrate parking
management into
broader transportation
planning to improve
access via all modes to
downtown.
Communicate existing investment in alternative
modes (transit, bike/ped projects in CIP, major
road projects)
City Management,
Public Works, Finance
and Economic
Development Staff
Demonstrate commitment to the City’s values of
alternative modes and sustainability by budgeting
for alternative modes of transportation.
City Management,
Public Works, Finance,
Economic
Development Staff –
Parking Commission
and City Commission
Collect Data Commit to key performance metrics and a
collection methodology. Commit to scheduled
routine collection that is transparent with the
public. Refresh and compare collected data with
baseline to ground and inform decisions.
Parking Services and
Strategic Services,
specifically GIS
Manage Employee
Parking
Identify Employee Parking Opportunities – Clearly
identify employee access opportunities that
include parking and alternative modes. Recognize
that they need to drive due to affordable housing
issues that won’t let them live nearby and walk or
bike (parking equity).
Parking Services and
Downtown Bozeman
Partnership
Communication/Education – Through a partnership
with the downtown association and business
champions, educate business owners and
employees regarding the importance of customer
parking and provide alternative parking options
through shared use of private lots and garage
permits.
Parking Services and
Downtown Bozeman
Partnership
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Medium-Term: 12 months – 3 years
Topic Description Determination to
Proceed
Prioritize On-Street
Parking for Visitors
and Customers
When all the following conditions exist, then paid
on-street parking will be considered:
• Employer and employee education and
outreach is not sufficient to open up on-street
parking for visitors and customers
• Occupancy data determines that parking
demand is in excess of an established threshold
(e.g., over 85% of the parking supply is occupied
for extended periods)
• Parking data determines that turnover
is frequent enough to accommodate for the
cost of implementing a paid on-street parking
system
Parking Commission
Protect Residential
Parking in
Neighborhoods
If residents support it, and supply occupancy data
warrants it, the Parking Commission may propose
the creation of a PBZ. If created, determine a
minimum block area to protect resident access to
on-street parking
Neighborhood
Residents and
Parking Commission
Maximize Use of
Public off-street
supply (Bridger
Garage and City Lots)
Continue to manage demand to the highest and
best use of existing off-street public parking supply
based on data.
Parking Services
Communicate and educate the public to:
• Create an objective understanding on
current garage/lot utilization
• Maximize the utilization of the City's
off-street supply 24/7
• Convey that the ultimate long-term
intent for use of the City's off-street supply is
to prioritize and ensure customer & visitor
parking (i.e., "the full sign never goes up.")
Parking Services
Explore Funding
Options for Future
Visitor Supply
Determine Need - Based on data, determine the
need to build or invest in new visitor parking supply.
Parking Services
Determine Funding - If determined necessary, a new
330 stall garage would cost approximately $15 -
$18M. Define a strategic package of funding options
(e.g., TIF, land donation, facility operating revenues,
paid on-street fees, Special Improvement District).
Other options for expanding supply include adding
an additional deck to the existing parking structure
($4 -$6M)
Parking Commission
and City Commission
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SUMMARY
Community stakeholders provided valuable insights into the challenges they see for
managing parking in the downtown and in potential residential permit programs
within the new Parking Benefit Zone (PBZ) boundary. There was support for both
the city's Values and its Guiding Principles for parking management. Vital
neighborhoods and a thriving downtown are common visions shared by all
participants.
The most significant underlying concern seems to be transparency in decision
making and trust between the public, Parking Commission and staff. Solutions
offered by the consultant are directly tied to addressing this concern, through
commitment to providing access to downtown via multiple modes, collaboration
with downtown stakeholders, and clear measures (both parking and other modes)
which includes outreach, collaboration and education, and clear measures of system
performance to inform the implementation of strategies. Equally important was the
city's continued support of the values and goals contained in the 2016 Downtown
Strategic Parking Management Plan related to its role in parking, priority users in
the public supply, maximizing existing parking supply, and data collection.
The solutions offered here provide a means to both improve parking downtown and
in adjacent neighborhoods. They also directly address concerns expressed by
stakeholders; providing a sequence of actions that safeguard businesses, residents
and users' access to information and options to get to, and use, downtown. As with
any plan, on-going communications and collaboration between the city and
stakeholders, and a commitment to data, will facilitate transparency and sound
decision-making.
Parking is, and will likely continue to be, an emotional and controversial issue – in
Bozeman and in other cities around the country. In parking, it has been found that
the inevitable outcome of growth is change. Recognizing this reality and
commitment to a plan that strategically anticipates change, with objective
information (data) and realistic and equitable solutions, is the key to whether a city
falls behind or leverages change to the advantage of business vitality and
neighborhood livability.
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