HomeMy WebLinkAboutStockyardsWtlndDelRpt_10192019
WATERS OF THE US DELINEATION REPORT
STOCKYARD CAFÉ PARCEL – EAST GRIFFIN DRIVE
BOZEMAN, MONTANA
October 19, 2019
Prepared for:
Christine Huyser
Wakeup, Inc.
Prepared by:
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION .......................................................................... 1 1.1 Site Waterways ....................................................................................... 1 1.2 Climate ................................................................................................... 1 2.0 WETLAND DELINEATION METHODS ...................................................... 6 2.1 Methods ................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Technical Criteria ..................................................................................... 6 3.0 WETLAND DELINEATION RESULTS ....................................................... 9 3.1 NRCS Soil Survey Results ........................................................................ 9 3.2 W-1 – Abandoned Irrigation Ditch; Closed depression .............................. 9
3.3 W-2 – Retention Pond; Closed depression ............................................. 10 3.4 W-3 – East Gallatin River ....................................................................... 11 4.0 SUMMARY ............................................................................................... 12 5.0 REFERENCES ......................................................................................... 13 FIGURE 1.0 - USGS 7.5’ Bozeman Quadrangle Topographic Map ....................... 3
FIGURE 2.0 - Aerial Photograph showing study area ............................................ 4 FIGURE 2.0 - NWI Map of Stockyard Café parcel ................................................. 5 TABLE 1.0 - Summary of Attributes for WUS delineated on Property .............. 12 APPENDIX A - Routine Wetland Determination Data Forms APPENDIX B - Natural Resource Conservation Service Soil Survey APPENDIX C - Photo Log APPENDIX D - Wetland Map, Figure 1.0-
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1.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND
The field investigation to identify waters of the United States (WUS) including wetlands
on the historic Stockyard Café parcel, owned by Wakeup Inc., represented by Christine Huyser was completed by Lynn Bacon for Vaughn Environmental Services, Inc. (VES) on July 24 and 25, 2019. The land is located on East Gallatin Drive in Bozeman, Montana, within the northeast
quarter, northeast quarter, northeast quarter of Section 5, Township 2 South, Range 5 East, Gallatin County (Figure 1.0 – USGS 7.5’ Bozeman Quadrangle and Figure 2.0 – Aerial Photograph). The East Gallatin River forms the south and west property boundaries, crossing East Griffin Drive at
the northwest corner of the parcel.
This Waters of the US (WUS) Delineation Report documents the project background, methodology used to identify project WUS, and findings of the field investigation. Eight Wetland Determination Data Forms (DP-1u-1, DP-1u-2, DP-1w, DP-2u, DP-2w, DP3u-1, DP-3u-2, DP-3w) summarize data collected near a remnant irrigation ditch (W-1), historic retention pond (W-2), and East Gallatin River (W-3). The data forms are included in Appendix A. Soil mapping information for the project is included in Appendix B and photos of the site are included in Appendix C. The Wetland Map, Figure 1.0 in Appendix D, shows the parcel boundaries, wetland boundaries, and data collection point locations.
The Waters of the US Delineation Report would be submitted to the US Army Corps of Engineers as part of a 310/404 Joint Application for Proposed Work in Montana’s Streams,
Wetlands, Floodplains, and Other Water Bodies should the development impact site wetlands. The land was historically used for pasture and hay land. The parcel was the site of the historic livestock auction center and Stockyard Café. Story Mill Road lies east of the parcel, the East
Gallatin River and adjacent wetlands lie south, and small farms and the City of Bozeman lie west. The predominant soil map units are the Enbar-Nythar (512B) loams and Bandy-Riverwash-Bonebasin complex (606A). The Enbar and Bandy series are very deep and somewhat poorly
drained or poorly drained soils formed in alluvium on stream terraces, drainageways, and floodplains. Slopes are 0 to 15 percent (Appendix B).
1.1 SITE WATERWAYS
The East Gallatin River forms from Rocky Creek and several other small streams located approximately one mile east of downtown Bozeman. The confluence of the East Gallatin and Bridger Creek is located one mile north of the East Gallatin crossing on East Griffin Drive. The
East Gallatin meets the main stem of the Gallatin River 2.3 miles north of Manhattan, Montana. Typical summer flows are 50 cubic feet per second. The irrigation ditch located east of Story Mill Drive is elevated at the base of the foothills. The ditch historically entered the site at the east
boundary. The ditch was abandoned more than a decade ago based on landowner input.
1.2 CLIMATE
The Bozeman area climate generally resembles that of a middle latitude steppe, with
relatively long cold winters and short cool summers (Pac 1991). The region comprises a mountain complex within the steppe region, resulting in orographic effects that produce a local, cooler and wetter climate. Peak runoff generally occurs during the spring from snowmelt and combined
snowmelt/rainfall events. These events produce relatively long periods of runoff. Summer thunderstorms also contribute to peak runoff although they are generally short in duration. The annual pattern of precipitation typically results in increasing precipitation from March to a peak in June, a decline through mid summer, another increase in late August to a second, smaller peak in September, followed by a general decline to the yearly low in February (Pac et al 1993). The annual temperature regime of the study area is generally characterized by significant seasonal variations.
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Winters are typically long and cold with subfreezing average temperatures from November to March. Average annual precipitation ranges from 13 inches per year at the lower elevations to 50 inches per year at the higher elevations in the Bridger Range north of Bozeman (NRCS 1972). Although the average annual precipitation is low enough to classify most of the area as semi-arid, about 70 percent of the annual total precipitation normally falls during the April to September growing season.
Elevations in the study area range from 4,741 feet to 4,729 feet above mean sea level (amsl). The closest meteorological station to the study area is Montana State University located approximately 2.5 miles southwest of the project at 4,860 feet amsl. Records from 1961 to 1990 indicate that the average annual precipitation is 19.25 inches with an average total snowfall of 92.1 inches. The predominant soil series, the Enbar series has a mean annual precipitation rate of 16 inches and a mean annual temperature of 43 degrees Fahrenheit.
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Figure 1.0 USGS 7.5 minute Bozeman Quadrangle Topographic Map showing the Stockyard parcel.
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Figure 2.0 Aerial photograph of the Stockyard Cafe parcel showing East Gallatin River and historic stock corrals.
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Figure 3.0 National Wetland Inventory Map of Stockyard Cafe parcel.
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2.0 WETLAND DELINEATION METHODS
2.1 METHODS
The wetland boundaries associated with the abandoned irrigation ditch (W-1), stockyard retention pond (W-2), and East Gallatin River (W-3) were identified on July 24 and 25, 2019, using methodology developed by the USACE and other federal agencies for implementation of Section 404 of the CWA. Delineation procedures involved a review of existing site-specific information
and completion of an onsite field investigation based on guidelines for the Routine Determination Method presented in the Field Guide for Wetland Delineation (Environmental Laboratory 1987) and the Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual: Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast Region (USACE 2010).
The field investigation was completed for the landowner to identify the location, extent, and characteristics of jurisdictional WUS and wetlands within the study area boundaries for
compliance with United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) regulations. The USACE requires a permit for the discharge of fill material into WUS in accordance with Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (CWA 1986). A Supreme Court 2001 decision in the case of the Solid Waste
Agency of Northern Cook County versus US Army Corps of Engineers (SWANCC) limited the federal authority under the Clean Water act to regulate certain isolated wetlands. In light of the Court’s decision, WUS as it applies to the jurisdictional limits of the authority of the USACE
include the area below the ordinary high water mark (OHWM) of stream channels and lakes or ponds connected to the tributary system, and wetlands adjacent to these waters. The jurisdictional status of wetlands depends on the presence or absence of a connection and/or proximity (meaning
bordering, contiguous, or neighboring) to WUS.
The Routine Level-2 Onsite Determination Method employs primarily qualitative
procedures. Sample plots (approximately a 15-foot radius) are established within potential wetlands based on changes in plant communities, plant diversity, topography, and soil type. Data points are generally located parallel to watercourses, perpendicular to the apparent groundwater hydraulic gradient, and/or along topographical breaks. Vegetation composition, hydrology, and soil characteristics are assessed at each data collection point. If all three parameters exhibit positive wetland indictors, the area represented by the sample plot is classified as wetland. If any one of
the parameters does not display a positive indicator, the area is classified as a non-wetland or upland unless the wetland is atypical or problematic. The jurisdictional authority of the USACE over wetlands identified in the field depends on the presence or absence of a surface water connection and/or proximity to waters of the US. Eight Wetland Determination Data Forms recording information collected on three paired wetland and upland test pits and two additional upland test pits are included in Appendix A. The test pit locations are shown on the Wetland Map in Appendix
D.
2.2 TECHNICAL CRITERIA
A wetland must meet three technical criteria for it to be categorized as jurisdictional. The
USACE (259 Federal Register 853532) and the Environmental Protection Agency (47 FR 31810) jointly define wetlands as “areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a
prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions.” The following conditions must be present for an area to be considered a jurisdictional wetland.
1. Hydrophytic Vegetation: Defined as plant species normally or commonly adapted to
saturation of sufficient duration to cause anaerobic conditions in the root zone.
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2. Wetland Hydrology: Defined as hydrology supported by sources of water that result in saturated, flooded, or ponded soil conditions.
3. Hydric Soils: Defined as soil that forms under conditions of saturation, flooding, or ponding long enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions in the upper part (59 Fed. Reg. 35680, 7/13/94).
Hydrophytic Vegetation
Plants must be physiologically or morphologically adapted to saturated or anaerobic soil conditions to grow in wetlands. The USACE and the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) have
determined the estimated probability of finding representative wetland species within specified areas under natural conditions. Accordingly, plants may be categorized as obligate (OBL), facultative wetland (FACW), facultative (FAC), facultative upland (FACU), or upland (UPL) in decreasing order of moisture dependence or tolerance. Obligate species occur greater than 99 percent of the time in a wetland. Facultative wetland species have a 67 to 99 percent probability of occurring in a wetland. Facultative species exhibit a 34 to 67 percent probability of occurring in a wetland. Facultative upland species have a 67 to 99 percent probability of occurring in a non-wetland and upland species have a greater than 99 percent probability of occurring in a non-wetland. Species with an indicator status of OBL, FACW, or FAC are considered hydrophytic. Vegetation indicator status for this investigation was derived from the Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast 2016 Regional Wetland Plant List (Lichvar et al 2016). Taxonomic references included Dorn 1984, Hitchcock 1971, Lackschewitz 1991, and Lesica and Husby 2001. The name and indicator status of individual species within each vegetation stratum was recorded on the data form in descending order of abundance (Appendix A).
Under the dominance test introduced in the Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual: Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast Region (USACE 2010), a sample plot is classified as having wetland vegetation if the cumulative total of the estimated
percent cover for the dominant hydrophytic species exceeds 50 percent and 50 percent or greater of the dominant species have a hydrophytic indicator status. The Regional Supplement also introduced the Prevalence Index, Morphological Adaptations, and Wetland Non-Vascular plants as indicators of hydrophytic vegetation only when indicators of hydric soil and wetland hydrology are also present.
Either direct observations of inundation or well data showing a free water surface at depths less than 12 inches continuously for more than 5 percent of the growing season have been used nationally to distinguish active wetland hydrology. Surface water, groundwater, direct precipitation, and/or snowmelt may contribute to wetland hydrology. Field observations were used to determine existing wetland hydrology. A positive indication of wetland hydrology requires either one primary indicator or two or more secondary indicators. The Regional Supplement for the Western Mountains area lists the primary indicators as surface water, high water table, saturation, water marks, sediment deposits, drift deposits, algal mat or crust, iron deposits, surface soil cracks, inundation visible on aerial imagery, sparsely vegetated concave surface, water stained
leaves, salt crust, aquatic invertebrates, hydrogen sulfide odor, oxidized rhizospheres along living roots, presence of reduced iron, recent iron reduction in tilled soils, and stunted or stressed plants. Secondary indicators include water-stained leaves, drainage patterns, dry-season water table,
saturation visible on aerial imagery, geomorphic position, shallow aquitard, FAC-neutral test, raised ant mounds, and frost-heave hummocks.
Hydric Soils
Soil is considered saturated when the capillary fringe occurs within a major portion of the root zone (within 12 inches of the surface). The Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS),
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formerly the Soil Conservation Service (SCS), in cooperation with the National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils (NTCHS), has compiled a list of hydric soils in the United States. The
list identifies soil series mapped by the NRCS that meet the hydric criteria. Upland (non-wetland) soils may have inclusions of hydric soils that may not be demarcated on NRCS maps. Field examination of site-specific soil characteristics is necessary to confirm the presence of hydric soils. The profile description presented on the data form reflects site soil conditions as determined from soil pits, not the NRCS designation. The NRCS soil survey information reviewed for the project area is included in Appendix B.
Hydric soils exhibit certain physical characteristics that can be observed visually. These characteristics, or indicators, include high organic matter content (histic epipedons), accumulation of sulfidic material, gley formation (greenish or bluish gray color), redoximorphic features (mottling), and low soil chromas (dark soil colors – soil chroma). Organic matter content is estimated visually and texturally; redoximorphic features are identified visually; sulfidic material
is identified by the odor of sulfide gases; and soil colors are determined using a Munsell soil color chart (Munsell 1988). The colorimetric determination is to be made immediately below the “A” horizon or 10 inches whichever is less. The Regional Supplement for Western Mountains
introduced new classifications for hydric soil indicators based on the soil type (organic, muck or mineral), soil matrix, and type of redoximorphic features such as concentrations, depletions, reduced matrix, or covered or coated sand grains. The full description of each category is included
in Chapter Three of the Regional Supplement for the Western Mountains area. Wetland soils can be assumed to be present in any plant community where all the dominant species have an indicator status of OBL or FACW, and the wetland boundary is abrupt (Environmental Laboratory 1987).
Wetland Hydrology
Technical criteria for wetland hydrology guidelines have been established as “permanent or periodic inundation, or soil saturation within 12 inches of the ground surface for a significant
period (usually 14 days or more or 12.5 percent of the growing season) during the growing season” (Environmental Laboratory 1987). The minimum duration required for soil saturation is five percent of the growing season in consecutive days. Inundation or saturation for periods less than 5
percent of the growing season is evidence of non-wetland conditions. Systems with continuous inundation or saturation between 5 and 12.5 percent of the growing season may or may not be jurisdictional wetlands based on other criteria. The growing season is defined for purposes of this report as the number of days where there is a 50 percent probability that the minimum daily
temperature is greater than or equal to 28° Fahrenheit (Environmental Laboratory 1987). The
Bozeman growing season extends from May 5 to October 1 according to the WETS Bozeman Climate data. Approximately 19 days of saturation would meet the wetland hydrology criterion for a specific wetland.
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3.0 WETLAND DELINEATION RESULTS
The field investigation to identify the boundaries of site WUS was completed by Lynn Bacon for VES on July 24 and 25, 2019. The WUS boundaries were surveyed and mapped by
Stahly Engineering of Bozeman (Appendix D).
The findings of the wetland delineation investigation are detailed in the following sections. Eight Wetland Determination Data Forms recording information collected on site wetlands and
uplands and the East Gallatin River are included in Appendix A. Wetland 1 (W-1), the abandoned irrigation ditch, is classified as a closed depression wetland according to the Smith Hydrogeomorphic System (Smith et al 1995) and palustrine emergent under the Cowardin classification system (Cowardin 1979). The retention pond (W-2) historically collected water from a concrete pad where the livestock was cleaned. It has not been used for ten years. The retention pond is a closed depression wetland under the Smith system and a palustrine emergent wetland under the Cowardin system. The East Gallatin River (W-3) is a lower, perennial, rock bottom riverine wetland and a water of the US.
The NRCS soil survey results for the project site are summarized in Section 3.1. The characteristics of the project WUS are described in Sections 3.2 through 3.4. The Wetland Determination Data forms are included in Appendix A and the NRCS soil map and soil descriptions
are included in Appendix B. Photographs of the site WUS are included in Appendix C. Appendix D contains the Wetland Map that shows the parcel, WUS boundaries, and soil test pit (data collection points) locations.
3.1 NRCS SOIL SURVEY RESULTS
The web soil survey for Gallatin County (USDA/NRCS 2019) maps the land east of the river within the Enbar-Nythar loams (512B). The Enbar series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils that formed in alluvium from mixed rock sources. The taxonomic classification is a fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Cumulic Haplustolls.
The Nythar series consists of very deep, very poorly drained soils that formed in alluvium. These soils are identified on glacial outwash plains, stream terraces, drainageways, alluvial fans and flood plains. The taxonomic class is a fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Cumulic Endoaquolls, which is hydric by virtue of the order.
The Bandy-Riverwash-Bonebasin (606A) series dominates the land bordering the East Gallatin and consists of very deep, poorly drained soils that formed in alluvium. The Bandy soil series is found on stream terraces, flood plains, and drainageways. The taxonomic class is a
sandy-skeletal, mixed, frigid Typic Endoaquolls, which is hydric based on the order. According to the hydric rating map by soil map unit, 33 to 65 percent of the polygons associated with the East Gallatin River and riverine fringe contain hydric soil.
3.2 W-1 – ABANDONED IRRIGATION DITCH, CLOSED DEPRESSION, PALUSTRINE EMERGENT
An abandoned irrigation ditch historically entered the southeast corner of the parcel from a bench on the east side Story Mill Road. The wetland area was identified in the base of a swale that exhibited no OHWM or sign of surface water conveyance. Based on a discussion with the landowner, the ditch has not been used for at least a decade. The base of the swale still displays wetland conditions. One wetland test pit (DP-1w) and two upland test pits (DP-1u-1 and DP-1u-2) were excavated in the swale and on the ditch bank and upland adjacent to the irrigation ditch, respectively.
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Vegetation
Field meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis – FAC) and reed canary grass (Phalaris
arundinacea – FAC) dominated the herbaceous cover in W-1. Smooth brome (Bromus inermis - UPL) dominated the cover at data point DP-1u-1. Data point DP-1u-2 was dominated by balsam cottonwood (Populus balsamifera – FAC), crack willow (Salix X fragilis – FAC), field meadow
foxtail and spreading bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera – FAC). Data points DP-1w and DP-1u-2 met the dominance test for hydrophytic vegetation. Data point DP -u-2 did not meet the wetland criteria for vegetation.
Soil
The soil profile at DP-1w from 5 to 12 inches below the ground surface (bgs) revealed a very dark grayish brown (10 YR 3/2/) clay loam with 5 percent dark yellowish brown (10 YR 3/6)
redoximorphic concentrations. The redox dark surface provided an indication of a hydric soil.
The soil profile in DP-1u-1 and DP-1u-2 revealed 50 percent black (10 YR 2/1) and 50 percent very dark brown (10 YR 2/2) clay loam from 4 to 16 inches bgs. Gravels were noted at 10
inches bgs. No redox features were observed. The soil profile did not meet the hydric soil criteria in the upland test pits.
Hydrology
Drainage patterns, geomorphic position and the FAC-Neutral test provided an indication of wetland hydrology at DP-1w. No positive indicators of wetland hydrology were noted at the upland test pits.
3.3 W-2 MAN-MADE RETENTION POND, CLOSED DEPRESSION
The retention pond was constructed to retain wastewater discharged during cleaning of the stockyard. A dike was constructed at the downgradient end of the pond between the river and irrigation swale. The retention system has not been used for over a decade based on landowner input. The excavated depression still exhibits groundwater within 12 inches of the ground surface during high groundwater conditions present in spring.
Vegetation
The herbaceous cover at DP-2w was dominated by creeping meadow foxtail (Alopecurus arundinaceus – FAC). Balsam cottonwood, crack willow, and creeping meadow foxtail dominated the cover at the upland test pit DP-2u. Both data points met the dominance test for hydrophytic
vegetation,
Soil
Test pit DP-2w revealed dark grayish brown 10 YR 4/2 clay loam from 4 to 6 inches bgs
with 20 percent dark yellowish brown (10 YR 3/6) redox concentrations in the matrix. The depleted matrix met the criteria for hydric soil. The soil in DP-2u was a brown (10 YR 4/3) clay loam without redox features. Digging was precluded deeper than 7 inches bgs based on the presence of
a restrictive clay layer.
Hydrology
Saturation to within 12 inches bgs was assumed based on the soil indicators and the late
season groundwater table. Geomorphic position was a secondary indicator. There were no indicators of wetland hydrology at DP-2u.
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3.4 W-3 EAST GALLATIN RIVER, LOWER, PERENNIAL, ROCK BOTTOM, RIVERINE
Three test pits were excavated on the east side of the East Gallatin River. Wetland data point DP-3w was located on a low floodplain terrace that likely floods annually. The upland pits DP-3u-1 and DP-3u-2 were located on dry terraces several feet above the surface water level.
Vegetation
Balsam cottonwood, crack willow, reed canary grass, creeping meadow foxtail, and common tansy (Tanacetum vulgare – FACU) dominated the overstory and understory at the wetland data point. The vegetation cover met the wetland criteria. Data point DP-3u-1 was dominated by smooth brome, which did not meet the wetland criteria. Reed canary grass was the dominant species at DP-3u-2, meeting the criteria for hydrophytic vegetation.
Soil
The soil profile at DP-3w from 5 to 16 inches bgs revealed a very dark grayish brown (10 YR 3/2) sandy silt loam with 10 percent dark yellowish brown (10 YR 3/6), concentrations within the matrix. The redox dark surface provided an indication of hydric soil. The test pit DP-3u-1 exhibited a very dark grayish brown (10 YR 3/2) silt clay loam from 0 to 16 inches bgs without redox features. Test pit DP-3u-2 displayed a very dark grayish brown, cobbly silt loam from 10 to 16 inches bgs without redox features. The upland test pits did not meet the hydric soil criteria.
Hydrology
Drainage pattern and geomorphic position were secondary indicators of wetland hydrology at the wetland data point. The soil in the wetland test pit was moist although there was no saturation
noted. The timeframe for the delineation likely affected the level of saturation. There were no indicators of wetland hydrology at either upland test pit. The East Gallatin River was flowing during the investigation.
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4.0 SUMMARY
The irrigation ditch and retention pond were classified as closed depressions based on the Smith Hydrogeomorphic System (Smith et al 1995). The East Gallatin River is a WUS. This report
will be submitted to the USACE with the 310/404 joint permit application should the proposed development impact site WUS and wetlands.
Table 1.0 Summary of Attributes for WUS delineated on Property.
Wetland Designation Hydrogeomorphic Class (Smith) Jurisdictional Status Acreage
W-1 Abandoned Irrigation Ditch Closed Depression Jurisdictional 0.40
W-2 Abandoned Stockyard Retention Pond Closed Depression Jurisdictional 0.18
W-3 East Gallatin River Lower Perennial Riverine Jurisdictional 0.20
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5.0 REFERENCES
Clean Water Act, Section 404. 1986. Federal Register - Regulatory Programs of the Corps of Engineers.
Cowardin, Lewis M., Virginia Carter, Francis C. Golet, and Edward T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States. FWS/OBS-79/31. Office of Biological Services, Fish and Wildlife Services, USDI, Washington, DC.
Dorn, R.D. 1984. Vascular Plants of Montana. Mountain West Publishing, Wyoming.
Environmental Laboratory 1987. “Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual,” Technical Report Y-87-1, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksbrug, Miss.
Hitchcock, A.S. 1971. Manual of the Grasses of the United States, Volume One and Two. Dover Publications, New York.
Lackschewitz, K. 1991. Vascular Plants of West-Central Montana – Identification Guidebook. General Technical Report –277. Intermountain Research Station. USDA, Forest Service. Missoula, MT.
Lichvar et al, 2016, R. W., D. L.Banks, W.N. Kirchner and N.C. Melvin 2016. The National
Wetland Plant List 2016 wetland ratings. Phytoneuron 2016-30: 1-17. Published 28 April 2016. ISSN 2153 733X.
Lesica, P., P. Husby. 2001. Field Guide to Montana’s Wetland Vascular Plants. USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Bozeman, MT
Munsell. 1988. Soil Color Charts. New Windsor, New York.
Smith, R.D., A. Ammann, C. Bartoldus, and M.M. Brinson. 1995. An approach for assessing wetland functions using hydrogeomorphic classification, reference wetlands, and functional indices. Wetland Research Program Technical Report WRP-DE-9. US Army
Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station. Vicksburg, MS.
US Department of Agriculture, Natural Resource Conservation Service 1990, WETS Climate Summary Data
US Department of Agriculture Soil Conservation Service 1987. Hydric Soils of the US. In cooperation with the National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils. Washington DC.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 2010. Regional Supplement to theCorps of Engineers Wetland
Delineation Manual: WesternMountains, Valleys, and Coast Region (Version 2.0), ed. J. S.Wakeley, R. W. Lichvar, and C. V. Noble. ERDC/EL TR-10-3.Vicksburg, MS: U.S. Army Engineer Research and DevelopmentCenter.
WEBSITES:
USDA/NRCS Web Soil Survey, Gallatin County, accessed August 2019, http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/
US Fish and Wildlife Service, accessed August 2019, https://www.fws.gov/wetlands/data/mapper.html
APPENDIX A
WETLAND DETERMINATION DATA FORMS
Waters of the US Delineation Report – Stockyard Café Parcel– East Griffin Drive
APPENDIX B
NRCS SOIL SURVEY
Waters of the US Delineation Report – Stockyard Café Parcel
Figure 4.0 Soil map showing Stockyard Café parcel and East Gallatin River.
LOCATION ENBAR MT
Established Series Rev. NRS-CNG-EMM
10/2014
ENBAR SERIES
The Enbar series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils that formed in alluvium from mixed rock sources. These soils are on stream terraces, drainageways, and flood plains. Slopes are 0 to 15 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 16 inches, and mean annual temperature is about 43
degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Cumulic Haplustolls TYPICAL PEDON: Enbar loam, grassland (colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted).
A1--0 to 3 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; moderate fine and very fine granular structure; hard, very friable, slightly sticky and moderately plastic; many medium, fine, and very fine roots and few coarse roots; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); clear wavy boundary.
A2--3 to 16 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; moderate fine and very fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many fine and very fine roots and common medium roots; many fine and very fine pores; disseminated lime; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); gradual wavy boundary.
A3--16 to 22 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; few fine faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) redox concentrations; weak medium and fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common fine and very fine roots and few medium roots; many fine and very fine pores; disseminated lime; strongly effervescent;
moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear smooth boundary. (Combined A horizons are 16 to 28 inches thick) C--22 to 30 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; common fine faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) redox concentrations; weak fine and very fine blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and moderately plastic; common fine and very fine roots
and few medium roots; many fine and very fine pores and few medium pores; few fine irregular masses of lime; disseminated lime; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); diffuse wavy boundary. (7 to 15 inches thick) Cg1--30 to 43 inches; gray (5Y 6/1) loam with thin stratifications of fine sandy loam and clay loam,
dark gray (5Y 4/1) moist; many fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) redox concentrations; weak fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common fine and very fine roots; many fine and very fine pores; 5 percent gravel; disseminated lime; strongly
effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); abrupt irregular boundary. (10 to 22 inches thick)
Cg2--43 to 51 inches; gray (5Y 6/1) loam, dark gray (5Y 4/1) moist; many fine prominent
yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redox concentrations; massive; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine roots; many fine and very fine pores; 10 percent gravel;
disseminated lime; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); abrupt smooth boundary. (7 to 20 inches thick) 2C--51 to 61 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) extremely gravelly coarse sandy loam, brown
(10YR 4/3) moist; common fine distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) redox concentrations; massive; soft, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; 75 percent gravel; disseminated lime; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4). (0 to 10 inches thick)
TYPE LOCATION: Fergus County, Montana; 756 feet east and 10 feet north of the SW corner
of sec. 21, T. 15 N., R. 17 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Soil temperature - 41 to 47 degrees F.
Moisture control section - between 4 and 12 inches; not dry in all parts for 45 consecutive days. Mollic epipedon thickness - 16 to 28 inches. Depth to discontinuity - 40 to 60 inches. Depth to seasonal water table - 24 to 42 inches.
A1 and A2 horizons Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR Value: 3, 4 or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist Chroma: 1, 2, 4, or 6 dry or moist
Texture: Loam or clay loam
Clay content: 18 to 35 percent Rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent gravel Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 5 percent Effervescence: none to strongly
Reaction: pH 6.6 to 8.4
A3 horizon Value: 4 or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist Chroma: 2 or 3 dry or
moist
Redox concentrations: none to few 10YR 5/4 or 10YR 4/4 Texture: loam or clay loam Clay content: 20 to 30 percent Rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent gravel
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 10 percent
Effervescence: slightly to strongly Reaction: pH 6.6 to 8.4 C horizon
Hue: 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y
Value: 4, 5, or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist Chroma: 1 or 2 dry or moist
Redox concentrations: few to common, 10YR 5/4, 10YR 4/4 or 10YR 4/6
Texture: loam or clay loam Clay content: 18 to 30 percent Rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent gravel Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 10 percent
Effervescence: strongly or violently
Reaction: pH 7.9 to 8.4 Cg horizons Hue: 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y
Value: 4, 5, or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist
Chroma: 0, 1, or 2 dry or moist Redox concentrations: few to common, 10YR 3/4, 10YR 5/6, 10YR 6/6 Texture: loam or silty clay loam consisting of layers of sandy loam, silty clay loam, and clay loam Clay content: 18 to 30 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent gravel Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 10 percent Effervescence: strongly or violently Reaction: pH 7.4 to 8.4
2C horizon Hue: 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y Value: 4 to 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist Chroma: 1, 2, or 3 dry or moist Redox concentrations: few to common, 10YR 6/6 or 10YR 5/6
Texture: sandy loam or loamy sand Clay content: 5 to 18 percent Rock fragments: 35 to 75 percent--0 to 5 percent cobbles; 35 to 70 percent gravel Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 10 percent Effervescence: strongly or
violently Reaction: pH 7.4 to 8.4 Pinridge (CO) - does not have redox features Polich (NM) - does not have a gleyed horizon Staad (MT) - does not have a redox features or a lithologic discontinuity Straw (MT) - does not have redox features
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landform - flood plains; drainageways; stream terraces Elevation - 3,500 to 6,000 feet Slope - 0 to 15 percent Parent material - alluvium derived from mixed rock sources
Climate - long, cold winters; moist springs; warm summers Mean annual precipitation - 14 to 22 inches Mean annual air temperature - 37 to 45 degrees F. Frost-free period - 70 to 125 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: None listed.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained; moderate permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Enbar soils are used mainly for pasture, hay, and rangeland and to a lesser degree for cropland. Potential native vegetation is mainly slender wheatgrass, western wheatgrass, reed canarygrass, prairie cordgrass, American mannagrass, tall sedges, forbs, and shrubs.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Enbar soils are moderately extensive in central Montana and adjacent areas. MLRAs 43B, 44B, 46, and 58A.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Fergus County, Montana, 1979.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: Mollic epipedon - the zone from the soil surface to 22 inches (A1, A2, A3 horizons)
Gleying - the zone from 30 to 51 inches (Cg1, Cg2 horizons) Discontinuity - the zone from 51 to 61 inches (2C horizon) Particle-size control section - the zone from 10 to 40 inches (A2, A3, C, Cg1 horizons).
Enbar soils have a frigid temperature regime and an ustic moisture regime.
Soil interpretation record: MT0357, MT0821.
C and Cg1 horizon should be investigated in the future to determine if they would be better described as Bw and Bg1 horizons. LOCATION NYTHAR MT
Established Series Rev. BDD-FRK-RJS 01/2008
NYTHAR SERIES
The Nythar series consists of very deep, very poorly drained soils that formed in alluvium. These soils are on glacial outwash plains, stream terraces, drainageways, alluvial fans and flood plains. Slopes are 0 to 6 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 15 inches, and mean annual temperature is about 42
degrees F.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Cumulic Endoaquolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Nythar silty clay loam, in pasture (colors are for moist colors unless otherwise noted).
Oi--0 to 2 inches; partially decomposed organic matter
A--2 to 16 inches; black (N 2/0) silty clay loam, black (N 2/0) dry; moderate medium granular structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine, fine and medium roots; common fine tubular pores; 5 percent cobbles, 5 percent pebbles; neutral (pH 7.0); gradual wavy boundary. (8 to 15 inches thick)
Bg1--16 to 25 inches; very dark gray (N 3/0) silty clay loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine, fine and medium roots; common fine and medium pores; 5 percent cobbles, 5 percent pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8); gradual wavy boundary.
Bg2--25 to 36 inches; very dark gray (5Y 3/1) silty clay loam, gray (N 5/0) dry; moderate medium
subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine
roots; common fine and medium pores; 5 percent cobbles, 5 percent pebbles; neutral (pH 6.8); gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of Bg1 and Bg2 horizons is 15 to 25 inches)
Bg3--36 to 46 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) silt loam, light gray (5Y 7/1) dry; many medium
brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) redox concentrations; weak medium subangular blocky structure; hard,
friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; common fine pores; neutral (pH 7.0); gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick)
Cg--46 to 60 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) cobbly silty clay loam, pale yellow (2.5Y 8/2) dry; many medium yellow (10YR 7/6) redox concentrations; massive; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky
and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; common fine pores; 15 percent cobbles and 10 percent
pebbles; neutral (pH 7.2).
TYPE LOCATION: Granite County, Montana; 700 feet east and 2350 feet north of the SW corner of sec. 28, T. 10 N., R. 13 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil temperature - 41 to 46 degrees F.
Moisture control section - between 4 and 12 inches. Depth to seasonal high water table - 0 to 12 inches. Mollic epipedon thickness - 24 to 60 inches.
A horizon
Hue: 2.5Y, 10YR or N Value: 2, 3 or 4 dry; 2 or 3 moist Chroma: 0, 1 or
2
Texture: silty clay loam, silt loam or loam Clay content: 18 to 35 percent Rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent--0 to 5 percent cobbles; 0 to 10
percent pebbles Reaction: pH 6.6 to 7.8
Bg1 and Bg2 horizons Hue: 2.5Y, 10YR, 5Y or
N
Value: 4 or 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist Chroma: 0, 1 or 2
Texture: silty clay loam,
loam or silt loam Clay content: 18 to 35 percent Rock fragments: 0 to 35 percent--0 to 5 percent cobbles; 0 to 30 percent pebbles Reaction: 6.6 to 7.3
Bg3 horizon - Hue: 2.5Y,
5Y or 10YR Value: 4, 5, 6 or 7 dry, 2, 3 or 4 moist Chroma: 1 or 2 Texture: silty clay loam,
loam or silt loam Clay
content: 18 to 35 percent Rock fragments: 0 to 35 percent--0 to 5 percent cobbles; 0 to 30 percent pebbles Reaction: pH 6.6 to 7.3
Cg horizon - Hue: 2.5Y, 10YR or N
Value: 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 dry, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6 or 7 moist Chroma: 0, 1 or 2
Texture: silty clay loam, sandy clay loam, loam or sandy loam Clay content: 18 to 35 percent Rock fragments: 0 to 45 percent--0 to 15 percent cobbles; 0 to 30 percent pebbles Reaction: 6.6 to 7.3
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Landform- glacial outwash plains, stream terraces, drainageways, alluvial fans and flood plains. Elevation - 3600 to 6400 feet. Slope - 0 to 6 percent.
Parent
material - alluvium Climate - long, cold winters; moist springs; warm summers. Mean annual precipitation - 10 to 22
inches Mean annual air temperature - 39 to 44 degrees F. Frost-free period - 70 to 110 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Very poorly drained, moderate permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Nythar soils are primarily used for pasture and wildlife habitat. The potential native vegetation is mainly tall reedgrass, tufted hairgrass, blue-eye grass and willows.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Nythar soils are inextensive in western Montana
valleys.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Gallatin County, Montana, 1997; series proposed: Granite County, Montana, 1995.
REMARKS: Soil interpretive record: MT1598. Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: a mollic epipedon from the top of the mineral layer to 36 inches (A, Bg1, Bg2 horizons; a cambic horizon from 36 to 46 inches (Bg3 horizon); a particle-size control section from 10 to 40 inches (A, Bg1, Bg2 and Bg3 horizons). Nythar soils have a frigid temperature regime and an aquic moisture regime.
National Cooperative Soil Survey U.S.A. LOCATION BANDY MT
Established Series
Rev. ADI/JMS/JCK
05/2012
BANDY SERIES
The Bandy series consists of very deep, poorly drained soils that formed in alluvium. These soils are on stream terraces, flood plains, and drainageways. Slopes are 0 to 4
percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 432 mm, and mean annual temperature is about 6 degrees C.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy-skeletal, mixed, frigid Typic Endoaquolls TYPICAL PEDON: Bandy loam, in pasture (colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted). Ap--0 to 18 cm; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine granular structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very
fine and fine and few medium roots; common fine tubular pores; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); clear smooth boundary. A--18 to 25 cm; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly
sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine and few medium roots; common fine tubular pores; 5 percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.2); clear wavy boundary. (combined thickness of the A horizons is 25 to 50 cm) AC--25 to 36 cm; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) sandy loam, grayish brown
(10YR 5/2) dry; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) moist redox concentrations; massive; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine, fine and medium roots; common very fine irregular pores; 5 percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.2); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 13 cm thick) C--36 to 152 cm; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very gravelly sand, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) moist redox concentrations; single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine and fine roots; common very fine irregular pores; 40 percent gravel and 10 percent cobbles; neutral (pH 7.2). TYPE LOCATION: Granite County, Montana; 1,400 feet south and 1,800 feet east of the NW corner of sec. 24, T. 11 N., R. 15 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Mean annual soil temperature: 5 to 8 degrees C Mollic epipedon thickness: 25 to 50 cm
Depth to seasonal high water table: 30 to 60 cm
It is assumed that enough active ferrous iron occurs in the lower part of the A, AC, and upper part of the C horizons, when aquic conditions are present to give positive reactions to alpha, alpha-dipyridyl.
Some pedons have a thin moderately decomposed organic layer at the surface and some pedons have a thin Bw below the A horizon. Ap (or A1) horizon: Value: 2 or 3 moist; 3 or 4 dry Texture:
loam or sandy loam Clay content: 15 to 25 percent Rock fragments: 0 to 35 percent--0 to 35 percent gravel; 0 to 20
percent cobbles Reaction: pH 6.0 to 7.8 A (or A2) horizon: Value: 2 or 3 moist; 4 or 5
dry Chroma: 1 or 2 Texture: sandy loam or loam Clay content: 12
to 25 percent Rock fragments: 5 to 35 percent--5 to 35 percent gravel; 0 to 20 percent cobbles Reaction: pH 6.0 to 7.8 AC horizon
(where present): Value: 2 or 3 moist Texture: sandy
loam or loam Clay content: 5 to 18 Rock fragments: 5 to 35 percent--5 to 35 percent gravel; 0 to 20 percent cobbles Reaction: pH 6.0 to 7.8
C horizon: Value: 4, 5 or 6
dry Chro
ma: 2 or 3 Texture: sand, loamy sand or loamy coarse sand Clay content:
2 to 10 percent Rock fragments: 35 to 70 percent--30 to 50 percent gravel; 5 to 20 percent cobbles Reaction: pH 6.0 to 7.8 COMPETING SERIES:
Gas Creek (CO+WY) - have horizons of strong gleying and redox features throughout; have a lithologic discontinuity GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Landform: stream terraces, flood plains, and
drainageways Elevation: 975 to 1,890 meters Slope: 0 to 4 percent Parent material:
alluvium Climate: long, cold winters; moist springs; warm summers Mean annual precipitation: 254 to 483 mm Mean annual air temperature: 4
to 7 degrees C Frost-free period: 70 to 110 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: None listedDRAINAGE AN PERMEABILITY: Poorly drained; moderately rapid permeability to 36 cm and
very rapid below.
USE AND VEGETATION: Bandy soils are used mainly for pasture; some areas are
used for hayland. Vegetation is mainly tall reedgrass, mannagrass, tufted hairgrass, willow, and mountain rush.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Bandy soils are of small extent in mountain valleys of western Montana. MLRA 43B, 44A, 44B.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Gallatin County, Montana, 1997. Series proposed Granite
County, Montana, 1994.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: Mollic epipedon - from the soil surface to 25 cm (Ap and A horizons) Redox concentrations - from 25 to 152 cm (AC and C
horizons) Particle-size control section - from 25 to 100 cm (AC and C horizons)
Bandy soils have a frigid temperature regime and an aquic moisture regime.
This description reflects an update in classification from Coarse-loamy over sandy or
sandy skeletal, mixed, frigid Typic Endoaquolls to Sandy-skeletal, mixed, frigid Typic
Endoaquolls.
Additional information: soil interpretations record
MT1485. National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.
APPENDIX C
PHOTO LOG
Waters of the US Delineation Report – Stockyard Café Parcel – East Griffin Drive
Photo 1.0 The photo is looking east at DP-1w, W-1, the abandoned ditch.
Photo 2.0 View is looking southeast at W-2, historic retention pond no longer in use.
Photo 3.0 The view is looking east at East Gallatin River, W-3.
Photo 4.0 The view is looking east at bank avulsion that occurred during spring flows in 2018 and 2019 on East Gallatin River adjacent to pole barn.
.
Appendix D
WETLAND MAP FIGURE 1.0
Waters of the US Delineation Report – Stockyard Café Parcel – East Griffin Drive