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Home My WebLink About708 W Main 2020 MONTANA HISTORIC PROPERTY RECORD For the Montana National Register of Historic Places Program and State Antiquities Database Montana State Historic Preservation Office Montana Historical Society PO Box 201202, 1410 8th Ave Helena, MT 59620-1202 Property Address: 708 W MAIN ST Historic Address (if applicable): City/Town: BOZEMAN Site Number: 083 (An historic district number may also apply.) County: GALLATIN Historic Name: Kessler Dairy Original Owner(s): Arnold Ferdinand & Jane Kessler; Eitel Fred & Lillian Kessler Current Ownership Private Public Current Property Name: BagelWorks Owner(s): Kerscher Bozeman Properties LLC Owner Address: 708 W Main St, Bozeman, MT 59715-3357 Phone: Legal Location PM: Montana Township: 02S Range: 05E SE ¼ SW ¼ NE ¼ of Section: 12 Lot(s): Lot 2 & 3 Block(s): F Addition: Story Add (STO) Year of Addition: USGS Quad Name: Bozeman Year: 1987 Historic Use: Industrial Current Use: Commercial Construction Date: 1937 Estimated Actual Original Location Moved Date Moved: UTM Reference www.nris.mt.gov NAD 27 or NAD 83(preferred) Zone: 12 Easting: 496336.2 Northing: 5058385.3 National Register of Historic Places NRHP Listing Date: Historic District: NRHP Eligible: Yes No *Site meets the City of Bozeman’s definition of an eligible property (see below). Date of this document: 9/2/2020 Form Prepared by: E. Sakariassen, S. Wells, Metcalf Archaeological Consultants, Inc. with C. Alegria and C. Hendry, Extreme History Project Address: Metcalf Archaeological Consultants, Inc., Bozeman, MT Daytime Phone: 406-219-3535 MT SHPO USE ONLY Eligible for NRHP: □ yes □ no Criteria: □ A □ B □ C □ D Date: Evaluator: Comments: Site would contribute to a potential Historic District. MONTANA HISTORIC PROPERTY RECORD PAGE 2 Architectural Description Property Name: KESSLER DAIRY Site Number: 083 ARCHITECTURAL DESCRIPTION Architectural Style: Other (specify) If Other, specify: Brick commercial Property Type: Commerce Specific Property Type: Restaurant Architect: Unknown Architectural Firm/City/State: Unknown Builder/Contractor: Unknown Company/City/State: Unknown Source of Information: N/A This site consists of a single historic architectural feature: a 1- to 2-story blonde- and red-brick commercial building built in 1937, according to Montana Cadastral data. It was originally the Kessler Dairy/Creamery. The building is asymmetrical, with a 2-story gable-roofed tower comprising the northeast corner. The remainder of the building is a single-story, flat-roofed structure with a rectangular footprint. The entire building has a concrete foundation. The gable roof of the tower is covered in standing-seam steel sheets; the flat roof is obscured from view by a metal capped parapet. The exterior walls are clad in brick and most windows are either metal fixed-lite or sliding windows. The primary façade faces north onto W Main Street. The entry is near center on the single-story portion of the building beneath a large sign for the current occupant: “BagelWorks.” The entry consists of a pair of side-hung glass doors, accessed by a low semi-circular stoop with two metal railings. To the west of the entry are two large picture windows. To the east of the entry are two window openings that appear to have been reduced in size, partially infilled with metal siding. The result is a series of shoulder-height tinted glass fixed lites. In the upper story of the tower at the northeast corner is a pair of two-lite sliding windows. In the apex of the tower’s gable roof is a small circular fixed window. Along the front of the north façade is a pair of brick and concrete block planters that enclose a patio seating area between the building and the public sidewalk. The planters are roughly three feet high and contain mature shrubs and flowers. The west elevation abuts a single-story, brick commercial building and the only opening present is a sliding window at the extreme north end. The east elevation reveals a marriage between blonde brick used on the north half of the building, and a darker red brick used on the single-story rear portion of the building. On the north end of the elevation, the 2-story tower has four two-lite sliding windows; two on the upper story and two below. The south end of the building has two fixed lite windows contained within openings reduced in size by a partial infill with metal siding. The rear elevation, facing an alley and parking lot to the south, contains a near-center secondary entrance. The entry is recessed and has a conical fabric awning over it. To the east are banks of casement windows. To the west is an employee entrance which consists of paired metal doors. The building is in excellent condition and appears to retain all aspects of integrity. Windows are modern replacements, but the original openings remain intact. MONTANA HISTORIC PROPERTY RECORD PAGE 3 History of Property Property Name: KESSLER DAIRY Site Number: 083 HISTORY OF PROPERTY This area was platted as the Story Addition on June 18, 1872. The United States General Land Office issued a patent to William H. Tracy for the S ½ of NE ¼ Section 12, T2S R5E on June 15, 1872. Tracy sold the land to Nelson Story on November 18, 1871. Nelson and Ellen Story sold the property to Thomas Byron Story on January 1, 1903. Thomas Byron Story transferred ownership to T. B. Story, Inc. on November 19, 1920. T. B. Story, Inc. transferred the property to Katharine F. Story on January 13, 1930. T.B. and Katharine Story sold the Lots 2 and 3 of Block “F” to A.F. and E.F. Kessler on October 19, 1939 (D96/129). The Kessler Dairy building is located on Lots 2 and 3 of Block “F” in Story’s Addition to Bozeman. Although Polk Directory designation of occupation on this site did not occur until 1942, Arnold F. Kessler lists 708 W. Main as his place of (self-employed) work on his 1940 draft registration card (Ancestry.com, 2011), and Eitel Kessler’s obituary stated that the Kessler Dairy was at 708 W. Main in 1937 (Great Falls Tribune, 30 May 2010). These lots were at the western edge of Bozeman and saw little development until the turn of the twentieth century, when single-family homes quickly filled in the lots south and north of West Main Street, from 4th through 11th Avenues. The blocks held by the Story family remained mostly undeveloped until the late 1940s, after the land was released from its collateral status. In 1904, 11th Avenue defined the western boundary of Bozeman, west of which the County Road (aligned with Babcock Street, just south of West Main Street) led west to the unincorporated rural areas. By 1943, several commercial enterprises had been constructed along this section of West Main Street, including a restaurant at 712 West Main Street and the creamery on the adjacent lot of 708 West Main Street. The creamery was likely built in c.1937 (as indicated in the MT Cadastral Property Record and Eitel Kessler’s obituary), with exterior walls of brick and tile and a concrete floor (1943 Sanborn). Kessler Dairy began listing their business at 708 West Main Street in the local Polk Directory in 1942; this was the first listing for a business or home at this site (R. L. Polk & Company, 1942). After filing articles of incorporation for the Kessler Dairy on June 20, 1947, A.F. and E.F. Kessler deeded Lots 2 and 3 as a gift to the Kessler Dairy on September 15, 1947 (Independent-Record, 20 June 1947; D96/232). On September 19, 1947, Kessler Dairy Inc. entered into a mortgage agreement with Western Life Insurance Company to pay $33,000 (as both principal and interest) in monthly installments of $261.03, commencing on October 19, 1947 until the payment was made in full (D54/372). The three Kessler brothers – Eitel Fred (“Fritz”), Arnold “Arnie” Ferdinand, and Paul Alfred – were the three directors of the newly formed Kessler Dairy Incorporated, per the articles of incorporation. Each held 200 shares valued at $100 per share (DK/167). Kessler Dairy vacated the building by 1956 and relocated their business to 803 South Wallace Avenue (R. L. Polk & Company, 1958). From 1958 on, the building at 708 West Main was used for professional offices. The Kessler family retained ownership of the property until selling it in June 1976. Besides housing various federal offices, real estate businesses, and an occasional hairdressing salon, the predominant profession was of dentistry. Dentist Leo K. Durham provided services in the building from 1958 through 1969 and dentist Dave A. Douma from 1963 through 1979 (R. L. Polk & Company). Other dentists rented offices there, for shorter tenures. On December 30, 1977, David and Thelma May Manley purchased the property, selling to Amelia Cain and Gary DiPaolo on December 30, 1991 (D120/1647). The 1991 date is coincident with the opening of the Bozeman BagelWorks in the building. Kerscher Bozeman Properties received the property in July 2008 (D2304431 and 2304432) and is the current owner in January of 2020. In 1991, the Bozeman BagelWorks moved in to become the longest running, and sole enterprise in the building, continuing to provide fresh baked bagels and sandwiches as of June 2020 (R. L. Polk & Company). The Kessler brothers - Eitel, Arnie, and Paul – had all been born in Trident, Montana to Conrad Emil and Bertha Alvina Wilhelmina Sieg Kessler on April 20, 1915; July 27, 1917; and July 26, 1920, respectively (Ancestry.com, 2011). Their father Conrad had been born in 1872 in Switzerland and their mother Bertha in 1877 in Germany (Great Falls Tribune, 1 November 1953; Findagrave.com, 1944). After immigrating to the United States, Conrad lived “…in Wisconsin and South Dakota before moving to Three Forks in March of 1911. In 1926 he moved to a ranch west of Bozeman and at that location on Huffine Lane, he founded Kessler dairy in 1932” (Great Falls Tribune, 1 November 1953). Bertha died on May 3, 1944 and Conrad died on October 26, 1953; they were both buried in Mitchell, South Dakota (Findagrave.com, 1944; Ancestry 2001). The three sons purchased Kessler Dairy from their parents in 1937, running it from its location at 708 W. Main Street, until locating to 803 South Wallace in 1958. They continued with this business until selling it in 1973 (Great Falls Tribune, 30 May 2010). All three brothers died at age 95, on May 27, 2010; August 25, 2012; and July 10, 2016, respectively (Ancestry.com, 2001; Findagrave.com, 2012). The dentists with the longest tenure during 708 W. Main’s use as a professional office building were Leo Keith Durham and Dave A. Douma. Leo Durham held offices there from 1958 through 1969 (R. L. Polk & Company). Durham had been born on December 11, MONTANA HISTORIC PROPERTY RECORD PAGE 4 History of Property Property Name: KESSLER DAIRY Site Number: 083 1931 in Belgrade, Montana, attended high school in Belgrade, and graduated from dentistry school at Northwestern (Ancestry.com, 2017; Great Falls Tribune, 8 September 1963). On August 18, 1963, he married Betty Annette Erickson at Hope Lutheran Church of Bozeman. Betty had been born in Bowman, North Dakota on July 21, 1941 (Ancestry.com, 2017; Great Falls Tribune, 8 September 1963). Dave Alfred Douma held offices in the 708 W. Main building from 1963 through 1979 (R.L. Polk & Company). Douma had been born on June 21, 1932 in Bozeman, married on May 8, 1964 in Bozeman, and died on January 27, 2014 in Bozeman (Ancestry.com, 2001; Ancestry.com, 2017). The current owner in January of 2020 is Michael J. Kerscher (Bizapedia) of Kerscher Bozeman Properties. Table 1. Chain of Title, 708 West Main Street, Bozeman, Montana. Grantor Grantee Date of Instrument Type of Instrument Property Description/Comments Reference USA William H. Tracy 15 June 1872 Patent S ½ of NE ¼ section 12, T2S R5E D: I/56 William H. and Sarah J. Tracy Nelson Story 18 November 1871 Deed Same D: H/402 Nelson and Ellen Story Elias Story 04 November 1874 Deed Lots 13 – 32 in Block E, and all of blocks B, C, D, F, G, H, Story’s Addition D: I/538 Elias Story Ellen Story 14 November 1874 Deed Lots 13 – 32 in Block E, and all of blocks B, C, D, F, G, H, Story’s Addition D: I/542 Ellen and Nelson Story Elias Story Jr. 29 July 1889 Deed 2/3s interest Lots 13 – 32 in Block E, and all of blocks B, C, D, F, G, H, Story’s Addition D: 17/122 $25,000 Elias Story Jr. Nelson Story 01 August 1889 Deed 2/3s interest Lots 13 – 32 in Block E, and all of blocks B, C, D, F, G, H, Story’s Addition D: 17/125 Nelson and Ellen Story Thomas Byron Story 01 January 1903 Warranty Deed Block F, Story’s Addition D: 29/314 On September 4, 1909, T. B. and Katherine F. Story sold the S 8’ of their lots to the City of Bozeman for the purpose of opening a public alley through Blocks E, F, and part of Block G in Story’s Addition (D: 42/23). T. B. Story T. B. Story, Inc. 19 November 1920 Deed Lots 1 – 8, 19 – 26 and 30’ strip to the E, Block F, Story’s Addition, and other lots D: 62/334 T. B. Story, Inc. Katharine F. Story 13 January 1930 Warranty Deed Lots 2 – 8, 19 – 26, and 30’ x 130’ E of Lot 26 D: 75/121 Katharine F. and T.B. Story Frank H. Johnson, Superintendent of Banks (MT), Trustee 03 November 1932 Bargain and Sale Deed Same D: 76/555 Frank H. Johnson, Superintendent of Banks (MT), Trustee Belgrade State Bank 05 November 1935 Deed Same D: 79/151 Belgrade State Bank Thomas Byron and Katherine F. Story 15 January 1940 Quit Claim Deed Same (the only consideration for this deed is the return of collateral heretofore pledged by the grantee as security for an obligation to the grantor) D: 83/406 MONTANA HISTORIC PROPERTY RECORD PAGE 5 History of Property Property Name: KESSLER DAIRY Site Number: 083 Grantor Grantee Date of Instrument Type of Instrument Property Description/Comments Reference Subsequent to the above deed, Katherine F. and T. B. Story substituted other security for the above described land, and the Belgrade State Bank officially granted the above described land back to Katherine and T.B. Story on 15 January 1940. The Superintendent of Banks of MT released their claim on 21 April 1947 (D: 95/486). It is likely that Katherine and T.B. Story simply sold part of the property to the Kesslers (see below) before the quit claim deed returning their collateral was officially executed (Abstract of Affidavit, GHM). T. B. and Katharine F. Story A. F. Kessler and E. F. Kessler 19 October 1939 Warranty Deed 60’ x 130’ Lot [Lots 2 and 3] in Block F D: 96/129 A. F. and Jane L. Kessler and E. F. and Lillian M. Kessler Kessler Dairy, Inc. 15 September 1947 Warranty Deed Lots 2 and 3, Block F, Story’s Addition D: 96/232 Kessler Dairy, Inc. Arnold F. Kessler, E. Fred Kessler, and Paul A. Kessler 01 October 1959 Warranty Deed Same D: 132/538 Paul A. and Imogean Kessler Ruby E. Kessler 29 March 1963 Warranty Deed Same D: 142/544 Arnold F. Kessler, E. Fred Kessler, and Ruby E. Kessler Marcia J. Edsall 01 June 1976 Warranty Deed Same D: Film 92/4228 Marcia J. Edsall David H. and Thelma May Manley 30 December 1977 Warranty Deed Same D: Film 92/4229 David H. and Thelma Jean Manley Amelia Cain and Gary DiPaolo 30 December 1991 Warranty Deed Same D: Film 120/1647 Gary DiPaolo Gary D. DiPaolo Trust 03 April 2003 Quit Claim Deed (1/2 interest) Same D: #2103128 Estate of Amelia Cain (aka Amelia Cain-Kerscher) Kerscher Bozeman Properties, LLC 01 July 2008 Personal Representative’s Warranty Deed Same D: #2304431 Gary D. DiPaolo, Trustee of Gary D. DiPaolo Trust Kerscher Bozeman Properties, LLC 01 July 2008 Trustee’s Warranty Deed Same D: #2304432 MONTANA HISTORIC PROPERTY RECORD PAGE 6 Information Sources/Bibliography Property Name: KESSLER DAIRY Site Number: 083 INFORMATION SOURCES/BIBLIOGRAPHY Abstract of Affidavit No date Gallatin County Abstract Company. Gallatin History Museum, Bozeman, Montana. Ancestry.com 2001 Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services; Helena, Montana; Montana Death Record; Montana, State Deaths, 1907-2016 [database on-line]. Ancestry.com, https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=5437&h=885773&tid=&pid=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=WOG9&_phstart=successSource, accessed June 23, 2020. 2001 Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services; Helena, Montana; Montana Death Records; Montana, State Deaths, 1907-2016 [database on-line]. Ancestry.com, https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=5437&h=667835&tid=&pid=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=WOG11&_phstart=successSource, accessed June 23, 2020. 2001 Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services; Helena, Montana; Montana Death Records; Montana, State Deaths, 1907-2016 [database on-line]. Ancestry.com, https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=5437&h=1441393&tid=&pid=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=WOG17&_phstart=successSource, accessed June 23, 2020. 2001 Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services; Helena, Montana; Montana Death Records; Montana, State Deaths, 1907-2016 [database on-line]. Ancestry.com, https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=5437&h=719314&tid=&pid=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=WOG23&_phstart=successSource, accessed June 23, 2020. 2011 The National Archives in St. Louis, Missouri; St. Louis, Missouri; WWII Draft Registration Cards for Montana, 10/16/1940-03/31/1947; Record Group: Records of the Selective Service System, 147; Box: 26; U.S. WWII Draft Cards Young Men, 1940-1947 [database on-line]. Ancestry.com, https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=2238&h=24884164&tid=&pid=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=WOG2&_phstart=successSource, accessed June 23, 2020. 2011 The National Archives in St. Louis, Missouri; St. Louis, Missouri; WWII Draft Registration Cards for Montana, 10/16/1940-03/31/1947; Record Group: Records of the Selective Service System, 147; Box: 26; U.S. WWII Draft Cards Young Men, 1940-1947 [database on-line]. Ancestry.com, https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=2238&h=24884162&tid=&pid=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=zNB1886&_phstart=successSource, accessed June 23, 2020. 2011 The National Archives in St. Louis, Missouri; St. Louis, Missouri; WWII Draft Registration Cards for Montana, 10/16/1940-03/31/1947; Record Group: Records of the Selective Service System, 147; Box: 26; U.S. WWII Draft Cards Young Men, 1940-1947 [database on-line]. Ancestry.com, https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=2238&h=24884168&tid=&pid=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=WOG4&_phstart=successSource, accessed June 23, 2020. 2017 Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services; Helena, Montana; Montana, Birth Index, 1920-1986; Montana, Birth Index, 1870-1986 [database on-line]. Ancestry.com, https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?indiv=1&dbid=61471&h=721034&tid=&pid=&usePUB=true&_phsrc=WOG6&_phstart=successSource, accessed June 23, 2020. 2017 Montana State Historical Society; Helena, Montana; Montana, County Marriages, 1865-1950; Montana, County Marriages, 1865-1987 [database on-line]. Ancestry.com, https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?dbid=61578&h=523105&indiv=try&o_vc=Record:OtherRecord&rhSource=61471, accessed June 23, 2020. MONTANA HISTORIC PROPERTY RECORD PAGE 7 Information Sources/Bibliography Property Name: KESSLER DAIRY Site Number: 083 2017 Montana Department of Public Health and Human Services; Helena, Montana; Montana State Marriage Records, 1943-1986; Montana, Marriage Records, 1943-1988 [database on-line]. Ancestry.com, https://search.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/sse.dll?dbid=61478&h=97509&indiv=try&o_vc=Record:OtherRecord&rhSource=5437, accessed June 23, 2020. Bizapedia No Date Michael J. Kerscher, owner of BagelWorks. Electronic document, https://www.bizapedia.com/mt/bagelworks-inc.html, accessed June 24, 2020. City of Bozeman No Date “Historic Districts.” City of Bozeman website, Bozeman.net, https://www.bozeman.net/government/historic-preservation/historic-districts, accessed September 2, 2020. Find A Grave 1944 Bertha Alvina Kessler (8 Apr 1877 – 3 May 1944). Electronic document, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/101718871/bertha-alvina-kessler, accessed June 24, 2020. 2012 Arnold Ferdinand Kessler (27 Jul 1917 – 25 Aug 2012). Electronic document, https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/96476645/arnold-ferdinand-kessler, accessed June 23, 2020. Great Falls Tribune [Great Falls, Montana] 1953 Conrad Kessler obituary, 1 November: page 29. Great Falls, Montana. 1963 “Mr. and Mrs. Leo Keith Durham,” 8 September: page 55. Great Falls, Montana. 2010 E. Fred Kessler obituary, 30 May: page 13. Great Falls, Montana. The Independent-Record [Helena, Montana] 1947 The Kessler Dairy files articles of incorporation, 20 June: page 5. Helena, Montana. Nunn, Jessie 2013 Montana State University Historic District. National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. US Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Washington, D.C. Electronic document, https://www.nps.gov/nr/feature/places/pdfs/13000972.pdf, accessed 9/2/2020. R.L. Polk & Company 1927-2012 Polk’s Bozeman, Montana Directory. R.L. Polk & Co., Chicago. Renewable Technologies, Inc. [RTI] 2008 Bozeman Historic Resrouces Survey, revised ed. Prepared for Planning Department, City of Bozeman, Bozeman, MT Sanborn Map Company 1889-1943 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map from Bozeman, Gallatin County, Montana (Jan. 1889, July 1890, Nov. 1891, Jan. 1904, Sep. 1912, Sep. 1927, Sep. 1943). Sanborn Map Company, [New York, New York]. Shearer, Cindy 2018 “Gallatin Agricultural History” in Bozeman Magazine. Electronic document, http://bozemanmagazine.com/articles/2018/09/04/28510_gallatin_agricultural_history, accessed September 2, 2020. MONTANA HISTORIC PROPERTY RECORD PAGE 8 Statement of Significance Property Name: KESSLER DAIRY Site Number: 083 NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES NRHP Listing Date: NRHP Eligibility: Yes No Individually Contributing to Historic District Noncontributing to Historic District NRHP Criteria: A B C D Area of Significance: Period of Significance: STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This site consists of a single historic architectural feature: a 1- to 2-story blonde- and red-brick commercial building built in 1937, as the Kessler Dairy/Creamery. Dairy production was an important part of the agricultural economy in the Gallatin Valley, with a creamery established in Central Park (northwest of Bozeman) as early as 1905 and another in Three Forks, as well as several cheese factories (Shearer 2018). In 1906, Montana State College (now MSU) expanded the agricultural curriculum to include dairy as one of four majors, along with agronomy, animal industry, and horticulture (Nunn 2013). Following national trends, dairymen of the Gallatin Valley came together in 1932 to form the Gallatin Cooperative Creamery (aka “Gallatin Gold”) to enhance their bargaining power and improve prices for their products. They were successful in this endeavor and the cooperative has survived and evolved. It is now known as Darigold. The Gallatin Cooperative Creamery was first located in the old Milwaukee Railroad Depot, which was demolished in 2003 (RTI 2008: 34). The building at 708 W Main was the site of the Kessler Dairy/Creamery business, established in Bozeman in 1937. Very little information was found regarding this family business, but they were not participants in the dairymen’s cooperative. It is well documented that in 1956 the Kesslers relocated their business to the former Lehrkind Brewery building at 803 South Wallace Avenue. Unfortunately, that building, which was listed in the NRHP as part of the Bozeman Brewery Historic District, has since been demolished (R. L. Polk & Company, 1958; City of Bozeman). The building at 708 W Main is therefore the best building to represent the Kessler’s legacy in Bozeman. That legacy, however, is not reflected strongly in the historic record. Furthermore, other sites, such as the Montana State University Historic District, better represent the broader historic theme of the importance of agriculture to the local economy (Nunn 2013). Metcalf finds the site is not individually significant for its historic associations. Sec. 38.700 of the Bozeman Municipal Code defines an eligible property as one that meets the criteria for inclusion in the NRHP or State Register either 1) individually or 2) as a contributing building to an existing or potential historic district. This site has been evaluated against the NRHP Criteria and it does have historic associations with early 20th Century agriculture—specifically the dairy industry (Lanier 1956). However, the site is not found to derive individual significance from this association sufficient to satisfy Criterion A, B, C, or D. The site is not located in an existing historic district, but it does retain sufficient integrity to convey its historic character and be considered eligible/contributing to a potential historic district composed of contemporaneous structures observed in the immediate vicinity. The site is representative of a period of Bozeman’s expansion that occurred west along Main Street into a primarily residential neighborhood in the 1940s. This expansion altered the character of the surrounding area and ties in with the understanding of development within the Story Addition. Metcalf recommends further research be conducted regarding Bozeman’s Story Addition to evaluate district potential. MONTANA HISTORIC PROPERTY RECORD PAGE 9 Integrity Property Name: KESSLER DAIRY Site Number: 083 INTEGRITY (location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, association) Original windows have been replaced by a variety of window types; however, even in places where the window openings have been reduced by partial infill, the original framing is intact. The loss of original materials has impacted integrity of materials and, to a lesser degree, feeling. Other aspects of integrity are retained, sufficient to convey historic character. MONTANA HISTORIC PROPERTY RECORD PAGE 10 Photographs Property Name: KESSLER DAIRY Site Number: 083 Feature # 1 Facing: SE Description: Property 083. Oblique view. (Image #03-0029, 10/20/2019. EAS) Feature # 1 Facing: SW Description: Property 083. Oblique view, showing east elevation. (Image #03-0030, 10/20/2019. EAS) MONTANA HISTORIC PROPERTY RECORD PAGE 11 Photographs Property Name: KESSLER DAIRY Site Number: 083 Feature # 1 Facing: N Description: Property 083. South elevation. (Image #03-0036, 10/20/2019. EAS) MONTANA HISTORIC PROPERTY RECORD PAGE 12 Site Map Property Name: KESSLER DAIRY Site Number: 083 MONTANA HISTORIC PROPERTY RECORD PAGE 13 Topographic Map Property Name: KESSLER DAIRY Site Number: 083