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Home My WebLink AboutBozeman_Community_Plan_PB_DraftBOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN PLANNING BOARD DRAFT 10 AUGUST 2020 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK. PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 I BOZEMAN CITY COMMISSION _________________________ Mayor Chris Mehl Deputy Mayor Cyndy Andrus Commissioner Terry Cunningham Commissioner I-Ho Pomeroy Commissioner Michael Wallner BOZEMAN PLANNING BOARD Henry (Hap) Happel, President Chris Mehl, Commission Member Cathy Costakis Mark Egge Jennifer Madgic Gerald (Jerry) Pape, Jr. Richard Rudnicki Paul Spitler George Thompson SIGNATURE PAGE This certifies that the Bozeman Community Plan has been duly adopted by the Bozeman City Commission by City of Bozeman Resolution No. ____, dated ___________. II BOZEMANMT 2020 COMMUNITY PLAN ACKNOWLEDGMENTS CITY OF BOZEMAN CITY COMMISSION MAYOR CHRIS MEHL DEPUTY MAYOR CYNDY ANDRUS COMMISSIONER TERRY CUNNINGHAM COMMISSIONER I-HO POMEROY COMMISSIONER MICHAEL WALLNER COMMISSIONER JEFF KRAUSS, PAST MEMBER CITY OF BOZEMAN PLANNING BOARD HENRY (HAP) HAPPEL, CHAIR CHRIS MEHL, COMMISSION LIAISON CATHY COSTAKIS MARK EGGE JENNIFER MADGIC GERALD (JERRY) PAPE, JR. RICHARD RUDNICKI PAUL SPITLER GEORGE THOMPSON BRIANNE DUGAN, PAST MEMBER JOHN LAVEY, PAST MEMBER LAUREN WATERTON, PAST MEMBER JORDAN ZIGNEGO, PAST MEMBER CITY OF BOZEMAN STAFF MARTIN MATSEN, DIRECTOR OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT CHRIS SAUNDERS, COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT MANAGER TOM ROGERS, SENIOR PLANNER SARAH ROSENBERG, ASSOCIATE PLANNER CONSULTANT TEAM LOGAN SIMPSON LELAND CONSULTING SPECIAL THANKS TO THE COMMUNITY MEMBERS WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE PROCESS AND CONTRIBUTED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMMUNITY PLAN. PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 III CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 01 | BASICS 3 ORGANIZATION 3 PLANNING AREA 5 PLANNING TIME HORIZON 6 PUBLIC OUTREACH 6 EXISTING CONDITIONS 7 RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER PLANS 9 BASIC PLANNING PRECEPTS 10 02 | THEMES 13 THEME 1 | A RESILIENT CITY 14 THEME 2 | A CITY OF NEIGHBORHOODS 16 THEME 3 | A CITY BOLSTERED BY DOWNTOWN AND COMPLEMENTARY DISTRICTS 20 THEME 4 | A CITY INFLUENCED BY OUR NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, PARKS, AND OPEN LANDS 24 THEME 5 | A CITY THAT PRIORITIZES ACCESSIBILITY AND MOBILITY CHOICES 28 THEME 6 | A CITY POWERED BY ITS CREATIVE, INNOVATIVE, AND ENTREPRENEURIAL ECONOMY 32 THEME 7 | A CITY ENGAGED IN REGIONAL COORDINATION 35 03 | FUTURE LAND USE 39 IMPORTANCE 39 FUTURE LAND USE MAP - LAND USE DESCRIPTIONS 41 CORRELATION WITH ZONING 46 THE FUTURE LAND USE MAP 47 04 | IMPLEMENTATION 49 IMPORTANCE 49 SHORT-TERM ACTION LIST 50 MONITORING AND UPDATES 50 05 | AMENDMENTS + REVIEW 53 PLAN AMENDMENTS 53 REVIEW TRIGGERS, AMENDMENTS, AND AMENDMENT CRITERIA 54 SUBDIVISION REVIEW 56 ZONING AMENDMENT REVIEW 60 06 | APPENDICES APPENDIX A: ENGAGEMENT AND PROCESS TO CREATE THE PLAN APPENDIX B: INFRASTRUCTURE AND SPECIAL TOPIC PLANS APPENDIX C: INVENTORY REPORT – HISTORY AND CURRENT CONDITIONS APPENDIX D: PROJECTIONS REPORT – TRENDS APPENDIX E: INFRASTRUCTURE PLAN PER 76-1-601(4)(C)MCA APPENDIX F: GLOSSARY PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 1 INTRODUCTION The city of Bozeman is set in an expansive valley, surrounded by mountain ranges, and intersected by blue ribbon waterways. Over the last 150 years, Bozeman has grown from a small town supported by agriculture to one of the most livable micropolitan areas in United States. Desirable attributes such as immediate access to year-round recreation, high-quality schools, a growing high-tech culture, and thoughtful and forward-thinking city policies have all contributed to strong population growth, high employment and rapid development. Bozeman now has a population of approximately 50,000 people, which is up from 22,660 people in the year 1990 (refer to Appendices C and D for additional information on population). It is the fourth largest city in Montana. Bozeman is home to Montana State University, the largest university in the State with a total enrollment of nearly 17,000 students. Montana State University is one of only 130 universities out of 4,338 institutions to be designated a very high research activity school. Bozeman is a growing regional healthcare hub, serves as the major trading center for much of western Montana, has a sophisticated and growing high-tech industry, and is a renowned summer and winter recreational center that attracts many tens of thousands of visitors annually. Bozeman's high rate of growth and changing economics, the rapid development in surrounding Gallatin County, and state law mandating that community plans be kept up-to-date, all make it necessary for Bozeman to adopt a new community plan. Without guided growth and development, the community’s identity and overall quality of life could be diminished by congestion and pollution. The City has had five community plans dating back to 1958, the most recent being its 2009 plan. Each plan builds upon the others, reflecting the community’s vision and needs over time. This community plan (the Plan) is a fundamental policy document guiding further growth and community development in Bozeman. It sets forth Bozeman's future growth policy for land-use and development. The purpose of the Plan is to guide the City’s community planning and to evaluate and prioritize the City’s actions moving forward. It reflects the community’s shared values and priorities. The Plan is the City’s long-range growth policy that meets the statutory requirements of Section 76-1-601 of the Montana Code Annotated. This Plan helps guide residents, City staff, and elected officials’ decisions. It brings land use policy into larger community discussions on many issues addressed by the City. Its measure of success is continuation of the Bozeman tradition— a flourishing, safe, healthy, and a vibrant place to live, work, and raise a family. The City, as an institution, will undertake many actions to implement the Plan as well as track the progress of the Plan’s implementation through established indicators. These indicators will help determine the objectives that are working, where they can be improved, and the objectives that need to be reevaluated. The residents and businesses in the City, through their aspirations and hard work, will carry out the Plan. THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK. PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 3 01 01 | BASICS ORGANIZATION The Plan is organized into five main sections: Basics, Themes, Land Use Map, Implementation, and Amendments + Review. Appendices provide additional details. 01 | Basics outlines the organization of the plan, describes the Planning Area and the Planning Period, provides an overview of the public outreach process, summarizes existing conditions, and describes the relationship of the Plan to other City planning documents. Finally, this section describes the basic planning principles employed in developing the Plan. Recommendations are discussed within the context of the issues most important to Bozeman residents. 02 | Themes set forth community desired outcomes and the Plan goals and objectives to achieve these outcomes. The Themes include framework maps that show key opportunity areas related to each Theme. 03 | Future Land Use sets forth and discusses Bozeman’s Future Land Use Map. 04 | Implementation details a monitoring program that will be used to track progress toward meeting the community’s vision. 05 | Amendments + Review contains information concerning amendment of the Plan, and the principles involved in the City’s subdivision and zoning review processes. 4 BOZEMANMT 2020 COMMUNITY PLAN APPENDICES APPENDIX A: ENGAGEMENT AND PROCESS TO CREATE THE PLAN Appendix A details the outreach and engagement process that helped shape the Community Plan. The four-phase process used in-person and digital approaches to engagement to capture the community’s voice. APPENDIX B: INFRASTRUCTURE AND SPECIAL TOPIC PLANS Appendix B references the City’s key infrastructure plans and special topic plans, with descriptions of, and links to each plan document. Included are future and existing plans for transportation, storm water, wastewater, parks and open lands, public safety, economic development, housing, neighborhood plans, and other topics. APPENDIX C: INVENTORY REPORT – HISTORY AND CURRENT CONDITIONS Appendix C details the history of the City of Bozeman, along with a description of existing conditions. Statistics and text in this section are taken directly from the 2018 Demographic and Real Estate Market Assessment prepared by Economic and Planning Systems (EPS report). APPENDIX D: PROJECTIONS REPORT – TRENDS The projections shown in Appendix D have been extracted from the EPS report. Projections include population, employment, and housing growth, and demand projections for land, housing, and commercial and industrial space. APPENDIX E: INFRASTRUCTURE PLAN PER 76-1-601(4)(C) MCA The law authorizing growth policies allows additional items to be added to a growth policy. The table in this Appendix identifies how infrastructure is expanded, the consequences of that expansion, and how negative effects of the expansion can be mitigated. APPENDIX F: GLOSSARY Defines specific terms used in the Plan. ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!! !! !!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 5 PLANNING AREA Bozeman’s Planning Area is generally the area of the City’s future municipal water and sewer service boundary. It includes the City of Bozeman as well as a half-mile to two-mile area around the City in the Gallatin County jurisdictional area. The Planning Area is nearly 70.8 square miles. The City’s current footprint is 20.4 square miles. Much of the area within the planning area and outside of the City has already been developed. This Plan encourages development within the municipal boundaries where City services are available. Thoughtful development in the Planning Area is guided by the Plan’s goals and policies. City of Bozeman Current City Limits (in blue) and Growth Policy Boundary (in green) 6 BOZEMANMT 2020 COMMUNITY PLAN PLANNING TIME HORIZON The time horizon for this Plan is 20 years—until 2040. This time horizon is referred to in the Plan as the “Planning Period.” The future land use map and other elements (i.e. plans for water, sewer, transportation, and parks) look further into the future to envision development that is not predicted to occur over any particular timeframe. PUBLIC OUTREACH Developing Bozeman’s Community Plan involved a lengthy public outreach period. The Planning Board and City Commission provided guidance throughout the process. Development of the Plan included four distinct phases. The community was provided many opportunities throughout the process to voice their opinion including large-scale community events, small group listening sessions, stakeholder interviews, and a series of progressive, easy-to-use online surveys. Events were advertised through print and social media, as well as on the City’s website and calendar. Additionally, postcards and flyers were handed out and posted throughout the community to encourage high levels of participation and to increase overall awareness. Appendix A details the City and its residents’ process to develop this Plan. For the Love of Bozeman FOUNDATION Project Branding One-on-One Interviews Listening Sessions Community Social + Questionnaire Bozeman Talks ANALYSIS + VISION Existing Plans Review Existing Conditions Analysis Community Values Identification Community Workshop + Questionnaire Bozeman Thinks Big OPPORTUNITIES + CHOICES Opportunities Identification Land Use Options Development + Refinement Community Events + Open House Bozeman The Plan PLAN DEVELOPMENT + APPROVAL Draft Plan Development Community Open Houses + Questionnaire Draft Plan Review Final Plan Development Formal Adoption Hearings Community Plan Process and Outreach, 2018 - 2020 PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 7 EXISTING CONDITIONS POPULATION Bozeman’s estimated 2018 population (48,105) was more than double the City’s population in 1990 (22,660). The median age of Bozeman residents is 27.9 years old, which can partially be attributed to the enrollment of over 16,900 students at Montana State University. Over 55 percent of residents have a bachelor’s degree or higher, in comparison to the national average of 30 percent. The City is projected to grow by nearly 27,000 people through the year 2045. Net migration accounted for 75 percent of Gallatin County’s population change between 2010 and 2017. A high rate of net migration indicates that an area is a desirable place to live and is a sign of a thriving economy. EMPLOYMENT Bozeman’s largest employer is Montana State University (MSU), with over 3,000 full and part- time employees. Gallatin County has experienced an employment growth rate of over four percent per year since 2010—adding 12,000 jobs. Eighty percent of this growth occurred in the City of Bozeman. INCOME The median household income in Bozeman is $49,217; however, the Bozeman median household income is $79,662 for homeowners and $35,012 for renters. This disparity may reflect, to some extent, the impact of MSU students on Bozeman statistical averages. HOUSING Figures in this section are from the 2019 Housing Needs Assessment performed after the EPS report was completed. About 45 percent of households in the City own their homes, up from 43.5 percent in 2010. The median sale price of homes, including single-detached homes, townhomes, and condominiums, was $385,000 in 2018, an increase of 75 percent since 2012. During this same period, the consumer price index rose 10 percent and the cost of homes nationwide rose 38 percent. According to the American Community Survey there are 18,539 total households in Bozeman. Twenty-four percent of homeowners are “cost burdened”, which means they are paying 30 percent or more of their income towards mortgage payments. Fifty-five percent of renters in Bozeman are cost-burdened. In the United States as a whole, 22.5 percent of homeowners were cost-burdened in 2017, the last year statistics are available. Between 2010 and the fall of 2018, 43 percent of homes built were multi-unit (3+), 41 percent were single-detached, 14 percent were townhomes and duplexes, and two percent were accessory dwelling units (ADUs). Forty-one percent of homes in Bozeman are single-detached, compared to nearly 70 percent in Montana and 62 percent nationally. There is an estimated demand for over 12,700 new residences in Bozeman by the year 2045 to compensate for current shortfall in housing stock and the projected population increase. TRANSPORTATION Bozeman residents have access to a range of transportation options, including an extensive sidewalk and trail system, the six citywide routes offered by Streamline Bus service, Skyline Bus service to Big Sky, Galavan transportation service for seniors and people with disabilities, taxi service and rideshare, and the bike network, which consists of 18 miles of bike routes, 33 miles of bike lanes, and 23 miles of shared-use paths. Seventy percent of Bozeman commuters drive alone, 16 percent walk or ride a bike, six percent work from home, and less than one percent use public transit. The average commute time, which has been increasing, is approximately 14.5 minutes, compared to the state average of 18 minutes and the national average of 26 minutes. 8 BOZEMANMT 2020 COMMUNITY PLAN GROWTH Bozeman’s land area and its population is growing. Since 1988, Bozeman has annexed, at landowners’ request, more than 6,650 acres of land, about 10.3 square miles– more than doubling its size. The projected land demand over the Planning Period, based on estimated population growth, ranges from 3,820 acres to 5,716 acres, depending largely on levels of density in future residential developments. Faster rates of population growth will require additional land area. A more detailed description of Bozeman’s existing conditions can be found in Appendix C. For complete details on projections, see Appendix D. COMPARISON TO OTHER CITIES Table 2 below presents descriptive statistics of Bozeman compared to five other communities around the West. Table 2. Comparison to Other Cities City Median HouseHold inCoMe (aCs,2018) Median Housing PriCe (Zillow, 2019) Median House PriCe to Median inCoMe ratio PoPulation (aCs, 2018) City land area (sq. Miles) PoP. / sq. Mile growtH % 2010 - 2018 (aCs, 2018) annualiZed growtH rate (2010 - 2018) Bend, OR $63,468 $443,400 7.0 97,590 33.0 2956 27.3%3.1% Billings, MT $57,172 $243,700 4.3 109,550 43.4 2524 5.0%0.6% Boulder, CO $66,117 $793,578 12.0 107,353 24.8 4322 9.9%1.2% BoZeMan, Mt $51,896 $440,200 8.5 48,532 19.1 2538 30.1%3.4% Fort Collins, CO $62,132 $393,500 6.3 167,830 55.8 3007 15.9%2.0% Meridian, ID $68,131 $326,400 4.8 106,804 29.7 3594 38.8%4.5% Missoula, MT $45,010 $308,800 6.9 74,428 28.9 2575 11.4%1.4% Sources: (ACS, 2018) U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates. (Zillow 2019) Zillow.com, Accessed December 1, 2019. City Land Area: Wikipedia PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 9 RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER PLANS The Bozeman Strategic Plan is the overarching policy statement for the City. It was first adopted by the City Commission on March 5, 2018 after a 24-month process of community discussion and evaluation. The Strategic Plan provides direction for this Plan primarily through its Vision Statement #4 entitled A Well-Planned City. This Vision Statement focuses on five goals listed in the table below. The Strategic Plan also provides direction on related issues through its Vision Statements entitled A Sustainable Environment, An Innovative Economy, and A High Performance Organization. The seven Themes in this Plan further the goals of the Strategic Plan. The Themes reflect community priorities in prior plans, demonstrating a level of consistency in community values over time. This Community Plan is also influenced by, and will influence, a number of other local plans, guidelines, policies, and manuals. These are intended to be used together to achieve a set of community goals while minimizing redundancies. They include the Transportation Master Plan, neighborhood plans such as the Downtown Bozeman Improvement Plan, and the City’s various water- related plans. See Appendix B for a more detailed description of individual plans. Given the City’s extensive operations, several plans are reviewed and updated each year. Please consult the most recent version of each plan. Table 3. Strategic Plan Alignment a r es i l i e n t C it y a C it y of n ei g HB or H oo d s a C it y B ol s t e r e d B y d ow n t o w n an d C o MP le M en t a r y d is t r i C ts a C it y i nf l u e n C ed B y ou r n at u r a l e nv i r o n M en t , P ar k s , an d o P en l an d s a C it y t H at P ri o r i t i Z es a CC es s i B il i t y an d M o B il i t y a C it y P ow e r e d B y it s C re a t i v e , i nn o v a t i v e , an d e nt r e P re n e u r i a l e C on o M y a C it y e ng a g e d in r eg i o n a l C oo r d i n a t i o n C ov e r e d B y o t H er P la n s f ut u r e l an d u se M a P strategiC Plan vision stateMent | a well-Planned City 1 Informed Conversation on Growth •••••• 2 High Quality Urban Approach ••••••••• 3 Strategic Infrastructure Choices ••••••••• 4 Vibrant Downtown, Districts & Centers ••••••• 5 Housing and Transportation Choices ••••••• EXISTING PLANS Bozeman Creek Enhancement Plan – 2012 Bozeman Creek Neighborhood Plan – 2005 Community Climate Action Plan – 2011 Community Housing Action Plan - 2020 Community Transportation Safety Plan – 2013 Downtown Improvement Plan – 2019 Downtown Strategic Parking Management Plan – 2016 Drought Management Plan – 2017 Economic Development Strategy Update – 2016 Fire and EMS Master Plan – 2017 Gallatin County Hazard Mitigation Plan and Community Wildfire Protection Plan (draft) – 2019 Gallatin Triangle Planning Study – 2014 Housing Needs Assessment – 2019 Integrated Water Resources Implementation Plan – 2013 Integrated Water Resources Plan – 2013 Midtown Action Plan – 2017 Neighborhood Conservation Overlay District (NCOD) – 2019 Parks, Recreation, Open Space, and Trails Plan – 2007 Stormwater Facilities Plan – 2008 Stormwater Management Plan – 2019 Transportation Master Plan – 2017: Urban Forestry Management Plan – 2016 Wastewater Collection Facilities Plan Update – 2015 Water Facility Plan Update – 2017 10 BOZEMANMT 2020 COMMUNITY PLAN BASIC PLANNING PRECEPTS PRINCIPLES APPLIED IN THIS PLAN Drawing on best land use practices, community input, Bozeman’s land use planning experience, and the ideas discussed in the Themes, the City used the following principles to prepare the policies, goals, objectives, land use designations, and future land use map in this Plan: • The health and well-being of the public is an essential focus and influences and is influenced in turn by urban design and land development. • Urban design should integrate residential and commercial land use activities, multimodal transportation, and open spaces. • Variety in housing and employment opportunities are essential. • Land use designations must respond to a broad range of factors, including infrastructure, natural, and economic constraints, other community priorities, and expectations of all affected parties concerning private development. • Transportation infrastructure is vital in supporting desired land use patterns. Therefore, the two must be coordinated. Future infrastructure should favor interconnected multimodal transportation networks (i.e. infrastructure for bicycle, pedestrian, and transit modes of transport in addition to automobiles). • Diverse uses of land should occur relatively close to one another. • The City intends to create a healthy, safe, resilient, and sustainable community by incorporating a holistic approach to the design, construction, and operation of buildings, neighborhoods, and the City as a whole. Developments should contribute to these goals and be integrated into their neighborhood and the larger community. • The needs of new and existing development coexist and they should remain in balance; neither should overwhelm the other. • Infill development and redevelopment should be prioritized, but incremental compact outward growth is a necessary part of the City’s growth. • Gathering places and open spaces, including parks and trails, should be in convenient locations to those they serve. Quality and function is superior to quantity alone. The growth policy forms the foundation of the land development process. Subdivision/ Site Plan Apply development standards to a specific piece of property prior to physical construction Zoning Map Amendment Selection of a zoning district and associated development standards on one or more distinct properties Growth Policy Broad policy and coarse geographic detail dealing with multiple zoning districts PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 11 CITY RESPONSIBILITIES The City’s primary function is to provide a safe, healthy, and high-quality environment that supports the physical, social, and economic welfare of its residents. For the Bozeman community to continue to prosper, all residents need equitable access to opportunities to advance their well-being regardless of their circumstances. The way a community is shaped through development patterns, infrastructure, transportation systems, housing options, economic opportunities, and green spaces can contribute to the well-being of residents or can make it harder for people to live healthy and successful lives. COMMUNITY DESIRES People who have participated in this Plan have consistently stated a desire for safe and accessible streets that support and encourage a variety of transportation preferences including walking, bicycling, transit, and driving. They want to live in walkable neighborhoods where they have easy access to everyday services, employment opportunities, healthy and affordable food, recreation, and social gathering places. Housing affordability is a concern; residents of all ages, abilities, and income levels require a diversity of housing types to meet their specific needs. Open space, parks, trails, and the preservation of local agricultural lands and view sheds were also priorities. A description of public participation is presented in Appendix A. CITY’S ROLE Development occurs most efficiently, and with best results, when the public and private sectors work together to achieve mutually compatible goals. It is worth emphasizing that the vast majority of the future built environment will be designed, paid for, and constructed by the private sector. The City provides foundational work by providing infrastructure, public services, and implementing design standards to shape the fabric of the community. GROWTH Bozeman’s employment, population, and built environment have been growing rapidly. This has created community benefits including a strong local economy, increased diversity, and innovation. It has also led to growing pains—higher housing costs and increased traffic to name two. The City’s response to this is to pursue policies that mitigate these growing pains. These policies are described throughout this Plan. 12 BOZEMANMT 2020 COMMUNITY PLAN HOUSING AFFORDABILITY Housing affordability is a critical issue for the community and has been an ongoing concern since it was identified as an issue in the 1972 community master plan. Housing instability and homelessness a public health issues and are exacerbated by the rapid rise in housing prices. The positive attributes that make Bozeman a desirable place to live contributed to ever-increasing housing demand. Comparatively low wages have not increased at the same rate as housing costs. Home price increase exceeding wage increase is a national trend. The sale price of homes has more than fully recovered from the 2008 recession for all housing types. The median sale price of homes, including single-households, townhomes and condominiums, has increased 75% since 2012. This is an average increase of almost 10% per year. According to the most recent Bozeman Housing Needs Assessment, an estimated 5,405 to 6,340 housing units for residents and employees are needed by 2025, or an average of about 770 to 905 units per year. This figure includes housing for employees, units needed to open up the current tight rental and ownership markets, provides choice to households, housing for employees filling jobs vacated by retirees, workers filling new jobs, plus related non- employee citizen housing needs. Bozeman has taken the issue of housing seriously. It developed a housing needs assessment in 2019, hired a Community Housing Program Manager, and released the Community Housing Action Plan (CHAP) in October 2019. The CHAP was updated in April 2020. At the time of publication, the availability of affordable housing, whether for rent or for purchase, is one of Bozeman’s most serious problems, as demonstrated by both the 2018 EPS Study and the CHAP. Mitigating this shortage is a top priority of the Bozeman City Commission, the Planning Board, and the Community Development Department, in conjunction with local and regional authorities. The three top action items in the Community Affordable Housing Action Plan are: • Ensuring community housing serves the full range of incomes without losing sight of safety net programs for extremely low income and homeless families. This includes safety net rentals below 30% AMI (about $20,000 per year), additional resident and employee rentals up to 80% AMI (about $55,000 per year), and ownership housing up to 150% AMI (about $104,000 per year). • Producing community housing at a rate that exceeds, or at least matches, job growth so that new employees can find homes. • Striving to produce community housing at a rate that matches PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 13 the spectrum of community housing needs, while also preserving what we have through a target of no net loss of existing community housing stock below 80% AMI. The CHAP identifies 19 priority action strategies to be evaluated and, where appropriate, utilized over the next five years in an effort to accomplish the objectives. Because housing, including affordability, is the subject of the detailed CHAP, this Plan does not address housing affordability issues in detail. For additional, up-to-date detail, see CAHAB and the Community Housing Action Plan. However, zoning and land use regulations are processes that influence the cost of housing and are addressed in this Plan. This Plan supports housing regulations that allow for a range of housing types intermixed with one another in a given neighborhood, denser development, and efficiencies of various types that can help reduce housing costs while not jeopardizing public safety and other community priorities. More housing, in a variety of type, size, and cost, is needed at prices that residents can afford. This will provide choices, the ability to move as life circumstances change, allows employers to fill jobs, recruit, and retain employees, supports businesses, and supports citizen and student growth. 02 02 | THEMES Seven Themes describe community-derived desired outcomes. The Themes contain objectives and actions to guide the City towards its Vision. Application of the Themes evolve as the City grows, and allow the City to incorporate new objectives as needed. The Themes are: A RESILIENT CITY; A CITY OF NEIGHBORHOODS; A CITY BOLSTERED BY DOWNTOWN AND COMPLEMENTARY DISTRICTS; A CITY INFLUENCED BY OUR NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, PARKS, AND OPEN LANDS; A CITY THAT PRIORITIZES ACCESSIBILITY AND MOBILITY; A CITY POWERED BY ITS CREATIVE, INNOVATIVE, AND ENTREPRENEURIAL ECONOMY; A CITY ENGAGED IN REGIONAL COORDINATION. PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 15 THEME 1 | A RESILIENT CITY Our City desires to be forward thinking, collaborative, and deliberate in planning and execution of plans and policies to enable our community to successfully ride the waves of change. IMPORTANCE Communities and the world around them are constantly changing. Resilient communities rebound, positively adapt to, and thrive amidst changing conditions or challenges and maintain quality of life, healthy growth, durable systems and conservation of resources for present and future generations. Resiliency addresses both short-term or one-time shocks as well as long-term stressors. Resiliency is needed to address a wide range of circumstances affecting all elements of the community and its operations. Stressors include natural disasters, climate change, economic shocks and transitions, and in 2020, a pandemic. Long term systems and adaptations, not just initial responses, are needed to maintain a healthy community. Resiliency takes a holistic approach towards protecting and improving a community. Bozeman is well positioned with diverse subject plans to address many of the likely areas where stressors occur. The staff and elected officials work to coordinate between plans and actions. The process of coordination is integrated with the constant process of updating plans, capital improvement programs, budgets, and ordinances. INFRASTRUCTURE WATERSHEDS & NATURAL RESOURCES COMMUNITY HEALTH & SOCIAL ECONOMIC HOUSING 16 BOZEMANMT 2020 COMMUNITY PLAN During the development of the 2020 Community Plan, and at the time of publication, the world has been beset by the COVID Pandemic and the subsequent COVID Financial Crisis. The impacts of COVID reach into the trillions of dollars worldwide. Southwest Montana has fared better with COVID than most communities on a global scale. At the time of publication, it appears that this reduced initial COVID impact is creating significant in- migration of citizens to Bozeman and its environs. Mitigation of the impacts of both COVID and an influx of new citizens to our community will require unprecedented resilience, agility, and outside-the-box thinking, by all participants, the development community, including the City of Bozeman Commission and staff at all stages of the development process. THEME 1 | GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND ACTIONS Goal R-1: Continue to strengthen and develop resilience as a community. R-1.1 Be reflective: use past experience to inform future decisions. R-1.2 Be resourceful: recognize alternative ways to use resources. R-1.3 Be inclusive: prioritize broad consultation to create a sense of shared ownership in decision making. R-1.4 Be integrated: bring together a range of distinct systems and institutions. R-1.5 Be robust: well-conceived, constructed, and managed systems. R-1.6 Be redundant: spare capacity purposefully created to accommodate disruption. R-1.7 Be flexible: willingness and ability to adopt alternative strategies in response to changing circumstances. Goal R-2: Pursue community decisions in a manner that supports resilience. R-2.1 Co-Benefits: Provide solutions that address problems across multiple sectors, creating maximum benefit. R-2.2 High Risk and Vulnerability: Ensure that strategies directly address the reduction of risk to human well-being, physical infrastructure, and natural systems. R-2.3 Economic Benefit-Cost: Make good financial investments that have the potential for economic benefit to the investor and the broader community both through direct and indirect returns. R-2.4 Social Equity: Provide solutions that are inclusive with PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 17 consideration to populations that are often most fragile and vulnerable to sudden impacts. R-2.5 Technical Soundness: Identify solutions that reflect best practices that have been tested and proven to work in similar local or regional contexts. R-2.6 Innovation: Advance new approaches and techniques that will encourage continual improvement and advancement of best practices. R-2.7 Adaptive Capacity: Include flexible and adaptable measures that consider future unknowns of changing climate, economic, and social conditions. R-2.8 Harmonize with Existing Activity: Expand, enhance, or leverage work being done to build on existing efforts. R-2.9 Long-Term and Lasting Impact: Create long-term gains to the community with solutions that are replicable and sustainable, creating benefit for present and future generations. OTHER RELEVANT PLANS Climate Vulnerability Assessment & Resiliency Strategy – 2019 Community Climate Action Plan – 2011 Drought Management Plan – 2017 Economic Development Strategy Update – 2016 Fire and EMS Master Plan – 2017 Gallatin County Hazard Mitigation Plan and Community Wildfire Protection Plan (draft) – 2019 Housing Needs Assessment – 2019 Integrated Water Resources Implementation Plan – 2013 Integrated Water Resources Plan – 2013 Stormwater Management Plan – 2019 Transportation Master Plan – 2017: Urban Forestry Management Plan – 2016 Wastewater Collection Facilities Plan Update – 2015 Water Facility Plan Update – 2017 18 BOZEMANMT 2020 COMMUNITY PLAN THEME 2 | A CITY OF NEIGHBORHOODS Our City desires to be diverse, healthy, and inclusive, defined by our vibrant neighborhoods, quality housing, walkability, excellent schools, numerous parks and trails, and thriving areas of commerce. IMPORTANCE Bozeman is indeed a city of neighborhoods. From the traditional neighborhoods north and south of Bozeman’s downtown, to the developments of more recent times, Bozeman’s neighborhoods are as diverse as the periods of time in which they were built. This eclectic mix of housing opportunities within differing geographic parts of town helps define who we are, where we came from, and where we’re going. Neighborhoods or communities that offer a mix of housing, needed services, and opportunities within close proximity of each other are considered “complete communities”. They promote walking or short commutes to the things in life we value and depend on including jobs, schools, places of worship, friends, goods and services, open spaces, trails, appropriately scaled urban agriculture such as community gardens, and more. Neighborhoods help improve community safety and overall community health. The City supports policies that maintain and build neighborhoods designed to provide equitable access to amenities and opportunities for all. Housing type diversity within neighborhoods helps ensure community benefits are available to households of different size, income, and age. Mixed neighborhoods can help provide the density of people needed to support nearby commercial activities. The need for a path to the emergence of small-scale neighborhood commercial development and its ability to bring pedestrian access to coffee shops, groceries, and other daily experiences, and related employment opportunities, is a critical part of Bozeman’s municipal maturation. PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 19 Neighborhood Elements S e r v i c e s Parks a n d R e c r e a t i o n J o b s Social Netw o r k s S e n s e o f I dentity Geography S c h o o l s S e r v i c es H o m e s Key elements of neighborhoods 20 BOZEMANMT 2020 COMMUNITY PLAN Such a path is dependent on sufficient population density in such neighborhoods to make neighborhood commercial viable. Typically, this viability cannot be achieved co-emergently with construction of neighborhood housing—for this reason other subsidy approaches must be developed and deployed to make co-emergence possible. THEME 2 | GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND ACTIONS Goal N-1: Support well-planned, walkable neighborhoods. N-1.1 Promote housing diversity, including missing middle housing. N-1.2 Increase required minimum densities in residential districts. N-1.3 Revise the zoning map to lessen areas exclusively zoned for single-type housing. N-1.4 Promote development of accessory dwelling units (ADUs) N-1.5 Encourage neighborhood focal point development with functions, activities, and facilities that can be sustained over time. Maintain standards for placement of community focal points and services within new development. N-1.6 Encourage urban agriculture as part of focal point development, in close proximity to schools, and near dense or multi-unit housing. N-1.7 Review and where appropriate, revise block and lot design standards throughout City neighborhoods. N-1.8 Install, replace, and maintain missing or damaged sidewalks, trails, and shared use paths. N-1.9 Ensure multimodal connections between adjacent developments N-1.10 Increase connectivity between parks and neighborhoods through continued trail and sidewalk development. Prioritize closing gaps within the network. N-1.11 Enable a gradual and predictable increase in density in developed areas over time. Goal N-2: Pursue simultaneous emergence of commercial nodes and residential development through diverse mechanisms in appropriate locations. N-2.1 Ensure the zoning map identifies locations for neighborhood and community commercial nodes early in the development process. N-2.2 Revise the zoning map to support higher intensity PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 21 residential districts near schools, services, and transportation. N-2.3 Investigate and encourage development of commerce concurrent with, or soon after, residential development. Actions, staff, and budgetary resources relating to neighborhood commercial development should be given a high priority N-2.4 Evaluate design standards. Encourage development in appropriate districts of buildings that are capable of serving an initial residential purpose and be readily converted to commercial uses when adequate market support for commercial services exists. N-2.5 Ensure that new development includes opportunities for urban agriculture, including rooftop and home gardens, community gardens, or urban farms. Goal N-3: Promote a diverse supply of quality housing units. N-3.1 Establish standards for provisions of diversity of housing types in a given area. N-3.2 Review zoning districts to assess the range of housing types in each district. N-3.3 Encourage distribution of affordable housing units throughout the City with priority given to locations near commercial, recreational, and transit assets. N-3.4 Require development of affordable housing through coordination of funding for affordable housing and infrastructure. N-3.5 Strongly discourage private covenants that restrict housing diversity or are contrary to City land development policies. N-3.6 Include adequate residentially-designated areas for anticipated future housing in the future land use map. N-3.7 Support compact neighborhoods, small lot sizes, and small floor plans, especially through mechanisms such as density bonuses. N-3.8 Promote the development of "Missing Middle" housing (side by side or stacked duplex, triplex, live-work, cottage housing, group living, rowhouses/townhouses, etc.) as one of the most critical components of affordable housing. Goal N-4: Continue to encourage Bozeman’s sense of place. N-4.1 Continue to recognize and honor the unique history and buildings that contribute to Bozeman’s sense of place through programs and policy led by both City and community efforts. N-4.2 Incorporate features, in both public and private projects, to provide organization, structure, and landmarks as Bozeman grows. N-4.3 Revise Design Guidelines within the Conservation Overlay District to distinguish Downtown from the residential neighborhoods both north and south of Downtown. OTHER RELEVANT PLANS Bozeman Creek Neighborhood Plan – 2005 Downtown Improvement Plan – 2019 Housing Needs Assessment – 2019 Midtown Action Plan – 2017 Northeast Neighborhood Urban Renewal Plan - 2005 22 BOZEMANMT 2020 COMMUNITY PLAN THEME 3 | A CITY BOLSTERED BY DOWNTOWN AND COMPLEMENTARY DISTRICTS Our City is bolstered by our Downtown, Midtown, University and other commercial districts and neighborhood centers that are characterized by higher densities and intensities of use. IMPORTANCE Thoughtful city planning provides a host of advantages from economic vitality to environmental health to overall quality of life. Many of Bozeman’s neighborhoods have a concentration of housing with a variety of housing types that support nearby commercial centers. The City intends to look inward by prioritizing infill. Concentrated development uses land more efficiently, may reduce infrastructure costs, and reduces the overall amount of road surface and need for parking lots, improving overall access to parks, schools, and shops. Access is ultimately improved and places are connected through a variety of transportation options. Concentrated development makes sense for our pocketbooks and overall health. When it comes to promoting a walkable, bikeable, safe, affordable, and energy-efficient community, density and design matter. Preventing sprawl and increasing resource efficiency depend on an intensity of urban life found in our commercial centers. Innovative design and planning include ideas like pocket neighborhoods, smaller housing, green alleys, urban agriculture, and creativity in our public spaces. Sources: ESRI, USGS, NOAA OAK HUFFINE MAIN KAGY 7T H 19 T H CO T T O N W O O D To B e l g r a d e To Livin g s t o n HI G H L A N D CH U R C H BRIDGER RO U S E BAXTER VALLEY CENTER SP R I N G H I L L Lakes Rivers City and Private Parks County Park Major Roads Local Roads Fowler District Downtown District Cottonwood District City Limits Baxter/Cattail District Midtown District Montana State University District North 19th District Story Mill District Ba s e L a y e r s Fr a m e w o r k L a y e r s 0 0.25 0.5 1 Miles Ü Story Mill District N 19th Midtown District Downtown District Montana State University District Baxter/CattailDistrict Cottonwood District FowlerDistrict PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 23 This Diagram is for illustrative purposes, and is conceptual only. Complementary Districts 24 BOZEMANMT 2020 COMMUNITY PLAN THEME 3 | GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND ACTIONS Goal DCD-1: Support urban development within the City. DCD-1.1 Evaluate alternatives for more intensive development in proximity to high visibility corners, services, and parks. DCD-1.2 Remove regulatory barriers to infill. DCD-1.3 Work with state regulatory agencies and the legislature to remove disincentives in state law and regulations to municipal development. DCD-1.4 Update the Unified Development Code (UDC) to reflect density increases or minimums within key districts. DCD-1.5 Identify underutilized sites for possible redevelopment. DCD-1.6 Investigate expansion of existing or creation of new urban renewal areas to encourage redevelopment of key properties. DCD-1.7 Coordinate infrastructure construction, maintenance, and upgrades to support infill development, reduce costs, and minimize disruption to the public. DCD-1.8 Collaborate with the Montana State University School of Architecture and the Sustainable Foods and Bioenergy Systems department to develop educational materials and opportunities for local architects, community planners, and citizens on how to do quality urban design for infill and greenfield sites. DCD-1.9 Promote mixed-use developments with access to parks, open space, and transit options. DCD-1.10 Support University efforts to attract development near campus. DCD-1.11 Pursue annexations consistent with the future land use map and adopted facility plans for development at urban intensity. DCD-1.12 Prioritize the acquisition and/or preservation of open space that supports community values, addresses gaps in functionality and needs, and does not impede development of the community. DCD-1.13 Pursue acquisition and development of diverse water sources and resources. Goal DCD-2: Encourage growth throughout the City, while enhancing the pattern of community development oriented on centers of employment and activity. Support an increase in development intensity within developed areas. DCD-2.1 Coordinate infrastructure development, land use development, and other City actions and priorities through community planning. DCD-2.2 Support higher density development along main corridors and at high visibility street corners to accommodate population growth and support businesses. DCD-2.3 Review and update minimum development intensity requirements in residential and non- residential zoning districts. DCD-2.4 Evaluate revisions to maximum building height limits in all zoning districts to account for contemporary building methods and building code changes. DCD-2.5 Identify and zone appropriate locations for neighborhood-scale commercial development. DCD-2.6 Evaluate and pursue joint mitigation of development impacts across multiple developments. DCD-2.7 Encourage the location of higher density housing and public transit routes in proximity to PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 25 one another. DCD-2.8 Revise the zoning ordinance, reducing the number of zoning districts to be more consistent with the designated land use classifications, to simplify the development process, and support affordability objectives of the plan. DCD-2.9 Evaluate increasing the number of stories allowed in centers of employment and activity while also directing height transitions down to adjacent neighborhoods. Goal DCD-3: Ensure multimodal connectivity within the City. DCD-3.1 Expand multimodal accessibility between districts and throughout the City as a means of promoting personal and environmental health, as well as reducing automobile dependency. DCD-3.2 Identify missing links in the multimodal system, prioritize those most beneficial to complete, and pursue funding for completion of those links. DCD-3.3 Identify major existing and future destinations for biking and walking to aid in prioritization of route planning and completion. DCD-3.4 Support implementation of the Bozeman Transportation Master Plan strategies. DCD-3.5 Encourage increased development intensity in commercial centers. DCD-3.6 Evaluate parking requirements and methods of providing parking as part of the overall transportation system for and between districts. Goal DCD-4: Implement a regulatory environment that supports the Community Plan goals. DCD-4.1 Ensure that the Planning Department is supported with the resources required to effectively implement this plan, to dedicate staff to long range and regional planning efforts, and to process development applications expeditiously. DCD-4.2 Continuously invite and give due consideration to the input of design and development professionals in the improvement of the city's project evaluation processes and development code. DCD-4.3 Complete the transition to a form-based code and simplification so that it can be understood by the general public and consistently applied by planning staff. DCD-4.4 Differentiate between development and redevelopment. Allow relaxations of code provisions for developed parcels to allow redevelopment to the full potential of their zoning district. OTHER RELEVANT PLANS Downtown Improvement Plan – 2019 Midtown Action Plan – 2017 26 BOZEMANMT 2020 COMMUNITY PLAN THEME 4 | A CITY INFLUENCED BY OUR NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, PARKS, AND OPEN LANDS Our City is home to an outdoor-conscious population that honors and protects our natural environment and our well-managed open space and parks system. IMPORTANCE Surrounded by mountains, within close proximity to world-class rivers and Yellowstone National Park, Bozeman’s natural environment is hard to beat. It’s the foundation of our healthy tourist economy and the reason why many people move here, start businesses, and raise their families. It’s also the reason behind the City’s prioritization of parks, trails, and open space. And while Bozeman residents value and enjoy many forms of outdoor recreation, community members also understand and appreciate the need for maintaining and protecting the natural resources that support a healthy ecosystem. Protecting our immediate and regional ecosystem requires diligence and careful planning as Bozeman and Gallatin County continue to grow. Responding to climate change, protecting the health of our water systems and our air quality, and grappling with the impacts of increased human population and invasive plants and animals are some of our challenges. Ba s e L a y e r s Fr a m e w o r k L a y e r s n n n n n n n n n n n n Sources: Esri, USGS, NOAA OAK HUFFINE MAIN KAGY 7T H 19 T H CO T T O N W O O D B o z e m a n C r e e k East Ga l l a t i n R i v e r Bri d g e r R a n g e To B e l g r a d e To Livin g s t o n HI G H L A N D CH U R C H BRIDGER RO U S E BAXTER VALLEY CENTER SP R I N G H I L L Lakes Rivers Trails City and Private Parks County Park n Schools Major Roads Local Roads City Limits 0 0.25 0.5 1 Miles Ü For additional information, please visit: https://gisweb.bozeman.net/Html5Viewer/?viewer=gvlt Peet’s Hill Park Snowﬁll Recreation Area Glen Lake Rotary Park Kirk Park Bozeman Pond Gallatin County Regional Park Valley West Park PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 27 This Diagram is for illustrative purposes, and is conceptual only. Parks and Open Lands 28 BOZEMANMT 2020 COMMUNITY PLAN THEME 4 | GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND ACTIONS Goal EPO-1: Prioritize strategic acquisition of parks to provide a variety of recreational opportunities throughout the City. EPO-1.1 Coordinate the location of existing and future parks to create opportunities for linear parks to connect larger parks. Prioritize quality locations and features in parks over quantity of parks. EPO-1.2 Collaborate with partner agencies and organizations to establish sustainable funding sources for ongoing acquisition, construction, and operations of City parks, trails, gardens, and open space. EPO-1.3 Incorporate unique and inclusive recreational and artistic elements into parks. EPO-1.4 Research and implement multi-use features within parks to promote increased use and visitation. Wherever possible, parks are connected to multi-modal transportation options and accessible for people with disabilities. EPO-1.5 Work with partner organizations to identify and reduce impacts on at-risk, environmentally sensitive areas that contribute to water quality, wildlife corridors, or wildlife habitat. EPO-1.6 Upon completion of an update to the City’s park master plan, review standards of the UDC for adequacy and update, as needed, to coordinate with development review standards and practices. Goal EPO-2: Work to ensure that development is responsive to natural features. EPO-2.1 Where appropriate, activate connections to waterways by creating locations, adjacent trails, and amenities encouraging people to access them. EPO-2.2 Work with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to keep wetlands mitigation within the Gallatin Valley rather than locating to other watersheds. EPO-2.3 Identify, prioritize, and preserve key wildlife habitat and corridors. Goal EPO-3: Address climate change in the City’s plans and operations. EPO-3.1 Support development of maintenance standards including sidewalk clearing, sidewalk surfaces, bike lanes, and procedures for consistent implementation. EPO-3.2 Ensure complete streets and identify long-term resources for the maintenance of year- round bike and multi-use paths to improve utilization and reduce annual per capita vehicle miles traveled. EPO-3.3 Support water conservation, use of native plants in landscaping, and development of water reuse systems. EPO-3.4 Review and update landscape and open space standards for public and private open spaces to reduce water use. Likewise, review and update standards for reuse systems. EPO-3.5 Update land development standards to implement the Integrated Water Resources Plan. EPO-3.6 Review and revise stormwater standards to address changing storm profiles. EPO-3.7 Review and update development regulations to implement facility and service plans when those plans are updated. EPO-3.8 In coordination with the Sustainability Division, provide public education on energy PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 29 conservation and diversified power generation alternatives. EPO-3.9 Integrate climate change considerations into development standards. EPO-3.10 Inclusion of community gardens, edible landscaping, and urban micro-farms as part of open spaces outside of watercourses and wetlands in subdivisions is encouraged where appropriate. EPO-3.11 Support resource conservation through recycling, composting, and other appropriate means. Goal EPO-4: Promote uses of the natural environment that maintain and improve habitat, water quantity, and water quality, while giving due consideration to the impact of City regulations on economic viability. EPO-4.1 Eliminate reliance on private maintenance of public infrastructure, including public parks, trail systems, and stormwater facilities. Identify a sustainable and reliable public funding source for this infrastructure. EPO-4.2 Update floodplain and other regulations that protect the environment. EPO-4.3 Pursue an inter-jurisdictional effort to establish baseline information on air quality trends and enhance monitoring facilities. EPO-4.4 Collaborate with other Montana cities working with regulatory agencies to establish fair and technologically feasible water treatment standards. EPO-4.5 Complete the update for an integrated Hazard Management and Mitigation Plan. EPO-4.6 Develop a plan to mitigate conflicts between humans and wildlife through the use of proactive, non-lethal measures. OTHER RELEVANT PLANS Bozeman Creek Enhancement Plan – 2012 Cemetery Master Plan - 2018 Community Climate Action Plan – 2011 Drought Management Plan – 2017 Integrated Water Resources Implementation Plan – 2013 Integrated Water Resources Plan – 2013 Parks, Recreation, Open Space, and Trails Plan – 2007 Stormwater Facilities Plan – 2008 Stormwater Management Plan – 2019 Transportation Master Plan – 2017: Urban Forestry Management Plan – 2016 Wastewater Collection Facilities Plan Update – 2015 Water Facility Plan Update – 2017 30 BOZEMANMT 2020 COMMUNITY PLAN THEME 5 | A CITY THAT PRIORITIZES ACCESSIBILITY AND MOBILITY CHOICES Our City fosters the close proximity of housing, services, and jobs, and desires to provide safe, efficient mobility for pedestrians, cyclists, transit users, and drivers. IMPORTANCE The best transportation plan is a good land use plan. Transportation systems impact the following: 1) livability (in terms of traffic congestion, but also noise, pollution, physical activity, accessibility, safety, and aesthetics); 2) affordability (after housing, transportation is the second largest expense for most households); and 3) sustainability (transportation accounted for more than one third of Bozeman’s 2016 greenhouse gas emissions). Notably, the Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport is the busiest airport in the state. An affordable, livable, sustainable city should grow with reduced reliance on driving alone to reach daily destinations. Active transportation increases daily physical activity, improving health and lowering healthcare costs. Motor vehicle accidents are one of the leading causes of preventable deaths in our country. Designing streets to prioritize safety (rather than speed) significantly reduces fatal injuries for all users and promotes active transportation. Living in housing that’s far from daily destinations usually means the only reasonable transportation choice is your personal car. Thoughtful community planning provides residents and visitors with a wide range of transportation options. Appropriately designed trails, sidewalks, crossings, bike lanes, and transit networks help us move around our neighborhoods and promote safe, efficient passage to our destinations. MSU Strand Union Downtown Transfer Gallatin Valley Mall n n n n n n n n n n n n Sources: ESRI, USGS, NOAA OAK HUFFINE MAIN KAGY 7T H 19 T H CO T T O N W O O D B o z e m a n C r e e k East Ga l l a t i n R i v e r Bri d g e r R a n g e To B e l g r a d e To Livin g s t o n HI G H L A N D CH U R C H BRIDGER RO U S E BAXTER VALLEY CENTER SP R I N G H I L L Lakes Rivers City and Private Parks County Park n Schools Major Roads Local Roads Bicycle Facilities City Limits Ba s e L a y e r s Fr a m e w o r k L a y e r s Major Streamline Hubs 0 0.25 0.5 1 Miles Ü For additional information, please visit: https://www.bozeman.net/visitors/bike-routes PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 31 This Diagram is for illustrative purposes, and is conceptual only. Accessibility and Mobility 32 BOZEMANMT 2020 COMMUNITY PLAN THEME 5 | GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND ACTIONS Goal M-1: Ensure multimodal accessibility. M-1.1 Prioritize mixed-use land use patterns. Encourage and enable the development of housing, jobs, and services in close proximity to one another. M-1.2 Make transportation investment decisions that recognize active transportation modes and transit as a priority. M-1.3 Develop service standard levels for multimodal travel. M-1.4 Develop safe, connected, and complementary transportation networks for pedestrians, bicyclists, and users of other personal mobility devices ( e-bikes, electric scooters, powered wheelchairs, etc.). M-1.5 Identify locations for key mobility hubs (e.g. rideshare drop off/ pick up areas, bike/scooter share, transit service, bike, and pedestrian connections). M-1.6 Integrate consideration of rideshare and other mobility choices into community planning regulations. M-1.7 Develop a trunk network of high-frequency, priority transit service connecting major commercial nodes and coinciding with increased density. M-1.8 Establish standards and procedures for placement of bus shelters in City rights of way. M-1.9 Prioritize and construct key bicycle infrastructure, to include wayfinding signage, connections, and enhancements with emphasis on completing network connectivity. M-1.10 In conjunction with the transportation plan, work to develop a core network of “AAA” (appropriate for all ages and abilities) bike routes covering at least 75 percent of households and 75 percent of jobs within ½ mile of the network. M-1.11 Prioritize and construct key sidewalk connections and enhancements. M-1.12 Eliminate parking minimum requirements in commercial districts and affordable housing areas and reduce parking minimums elsewhere, acknowledging that demand for parking will still result in new supply being built. M-1.13 Work with community partners to expand the Main Street to the Mountains network and integrate the larger community recreational travel network. Anticipating Changes in Multimodal Transportation OHM Advisors PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 33 Goal M-2: Ensure multimodal safety. M-2.1 Work with the Public Works Department, Police Department, and other partners to provide education on safe travel behaviors and rules. M-2.2 Review and, as appropriate, update the City’s complete streets policy. M-2.3 Work with School District #7 and other community partners in planning and operating safe routes to local schools. M-2.4 Encourage the design of school sites to support walking and biking. M-2.5 Develop safe crossings along priority and high utilization pedestrian and biking corridors. OTHER RELEVANT PLANS Bozeman Community Transportation Safety Plan – 2013 Downtown Strategic Parking Management Plan – 2016 Transportation Master Plan – 2017 34 BOZEMANMT 2020 COMMUNITY PLAN THEME 6 | A CITY POWERED BY ITS CREATIVE, INNOVATIVE, AND ENTREPRENEURIAL ECONOMY Our City benefits from and desires to further an expanding economy that is powered by the talents of its residents, a dedicated and engaged business community, and strong regional partnerships. IMPORTANCE Bozeman’s economy is diverse and expanding, with a mix of businesses and industries centered on technology, healthcare, education, recreation, and tourism, and regional services. This is one of the City’s great strengths. The City also has many lower wage jobs in service roles. Bozeman has access to cutting edge education and research at opportunities from Montana State University. With an enrollment of nearly 17,000 students, the University hosts ten colleges that includes subjects such as Engineering, Agriculture, Business, and Nursing. Graduates have created offshoot industries that foster competencies in several national industries, including businesses in opto-electronics, biofilm, and outdoor gear and other industries. Continued investment in job training and education is needed to support continued economic growth. The City’s commitment to broadband availability through its Economic Development Division has improved availability of national-level broadband speeds in key areas of the City, making state of the art communications and information from distant consultants available locally. Immediate and short-distance proximity to outdoor recreation opportunities provides significant daily mental and physical health benefits to residents and employers, making Bozeman one of the most desirable innovation centers in the country. Bozeman’s growing economy makes possible its increasing dynamism, diversity, and wealth. Each of the major sectors of our economy – education, technology, outdoor recreations, tourism, health care, and regional services – benefits from and reinforces the others. The growing economy provides resources the money that enables the City to pursue its priorities. Ba s e L a y e r s Fr a m e w o r k L a y e r s Montana State University Bozeman Health Cannery District Hotel Baxter Gallatin Valley Mall Sources: ESRI, USGS, NOAA Ferguson Farm OAK HUFFINE MAIN KAGY 7T H 19 T H CO T T O N W O O D To B e l g r a d e To Livin g s t o n HI G H L A N D CH U R C H BRIDGER RO U S E BAXTER VALLEY CENTER SP R I N G H I L L Lakes Rivers City and Private Parks County Park Major Roads Local Roads Northeast Neighborhood Urban Renewal District North Park Urban Renewal District Midtown Urban Renewal District Downtown Tax Increment District City Limits South Bozeman Technology District 0 0.25 0.5 1 Miles Ü PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 35 This Diagram is for illustrative purposes, and is conceptual only. Financial and Economic Areas 36 BOZEMANMT 2020 COMMUNITY PLAN THEME 6 | GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND ACTIONS Goal EE-1: Promote the continued development of Bozeman as an innovative and thriving economic center. EE-1.1 Support the goals and objectives outlined in the Bozeman Economic Development Strategy. EE-1.2 Invest in those infrastructure projects that will strengthen business and higher education communities as coordinated through the annual capital improvement plan. EE-1.3 Continue to facilitate live/work opportunities as a way to support small, local businesses in all zoning districts. EE-1.4 Support employee retention and attraction efforts by encouraging continued development of affordable housing in close proximity to large employers. EE-1.5 Support expansion of current and emerging infrastructure technologies including fiber optic service and other communication infrastructure. EE-1.6 Update the zoning map to correct deficiencies identified in the annual land use inventory report. Goal EE-2: Survey and revise land use planning and regulations to promote and support economic diversification efforts. EE-2.1 Ensure the future land use map contains adequate areas of land for anticipated diverse users. EE-2.2 Review and revise, or possibly replace, the Business Park Mixed Use zoning district to include urban standards and consider possible alterations to the allowed uses. EE-2.3 Adopt zoning regulations that establish and define the range of urban agricultural practices, including vertical farms and other forms of urban farming, as a permitted or conditional use in appropriate locations. Urban agriculture can be compatible with a variety of land use designations shown on the Future Land Use Map. OTHER RELEVANT PLANS Economic Development Strategy Update – 2016 Transportation Master Plan – 2017 Wastewater Collection Facilities Plan Update –2015 Water Facility Plan Update – 2017 PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 37 THEME 7 | A CITY ENGAGED IN REGIONAL COORDINATION Our City, in partnership with Gallatin County, Montana State University, and other regional authorities, desires to address the needs of a rapidly growing and changing regional population through strategic infrastructure choices and coordinated decision-making. IMPORTANCE Cooperation between agencies makes sense. Conflicting decisions and lack of trust between agencies can create complications and uncertainty, adversely affect our overall public health and safety, and drive up costs. A good working relationship between city and county officials and staff can reduce conflicts, improve our overall infrastructure, lower taxpayer costs and ultimately create a safer, healthier community. Regional coordination creates and maintains a coherent land use pattern that supports the needs of existing and future residents and the desire to protect community character and amenities. Cooperation between jurisdictions supports development patterns that do not compromise the ability of municipalities to grow in the future or expand necessary infrastructure. The jurisdictional lines between City and County, state land and local land, are important in helping define the roles of various public agencies. Belgrade, Bozeman, and Gallatin County have mutually agreed they will coordinate land use in the area of overlapping jurisdictions known as the triangle, and pursuant to the Triangle Community Plan, to achieve: • Compact, contiguous development and infill to achieve an efficient use of land and infrastructure, reducing sprawl and preserving open space, agricultural lands, wildlife habitat, and water resources; • Well-planned transportation systems, consistent with the overall growth management vision, support the development of multi-modal and public transportation networks; • Community cores that have adequate transportation, utility, health, educational, and recreational facilities. Residential areas that provide healthy surroundings; and • Opportunities for agriculture, industry, and business, while minimizing conflict between adjacent land uses. Norris Rd I-90 Bri d g e r C a n y o n R d Ja c k r a b b i t L n I-90 S Cottonwood Rd MONTANA Bozeman Planning Area G a l l a t i n R i v e r E a s t G a l l a t i n R i v e r B o z e m a n C r e e k Legend Belgrade Planning Area Bozeman Planning Area Waterways Bozeman City Limits Belgrade City Limits Major Roads 2.5 0 2.51.25 Miles Ü City of Bozeman Hw y 1 9 1 City of Belgrade City of Bozeman Belgrade Planning Area Four Corners Area 38 BOZEMANMT 2020 COMMUNITY PLAN This Diagram is for illustrative purposes, and is conceptual only. Regional Partners PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 39 Bozeman commits to Gallatin County and the City of Belgrade to work together in pursuit of these goals. The Planning Coordinating Committee will play a key role in coordinating this work. THEME 7 | GOALS, OBJECTIVES AND ACTIONS Goal RC-1: Improve communication and coordination with Gallatin County, the City of Belgrade, public schools, and other regional public entities regarding community planning and associated matters. RC-1.1 Consider regional impacts when making policy decisions affecting areas outside the City. RC-1.2 Coordinate planning activities to promote consistency throughout the region for parks, transportation, bus service, and other community infrastructure. RC-1.3 Research, understand, and collaboratively construct infrastructure and transportation improvements that benefit the region. RC-1.4 Participate in regularly scheduled coordination meetings with Gallatin County and the City of Belgrade planning departments and planning boards to coordinate planning issues. RC-1.5 Implement the Triangle Community Plan in coordination between Bozeman, Belgrade, and Gallatin County. RC-1.6 Prepare for establishment of a Metropolitan Planning Organization, anticipated to be required by federal law after the completion of the 2020 US Census. Goal RC-2: Continue and build on successful collaboration with Gallatin County, neighboring municipalities, and other agencies to identify and mitigate potential hazards and develop coordinated response plans. RC-2.1 Prohibit development in environmentally-sensitive or hazard-prone areas. RC-2.2 Identify effective, affordable, and regionally-appropriate hazard mitigation techniques through the Gallatin County Hazard Mitigation and Community Wildfire Protection Plan and other tools. As a group, annually review the Gallatin County Hazard Mitigation Plan, and determine the need for updates and enhancements. RC-2.3 Along with non-profit and agency partners, identify, map, and utilize geographic information systems (GIS) data to locate and monitor developments on environmentally sensitive and hazard-prone areas. RC-2.4 Review and revise land use regulations and standards that affect the wildland urban interface to provide adequate public safety measures, mitigate impacts on public health, and encourage fiscal responsibility. RC-2.5 Through coordination with non-profit and agency partners, identify and prioritize lands for acquisition or placement of conservation easements with the goal of lessening or eliminating development in environmentally sensitive areas and/or preserving areas consistent with the other priorities of this Growth Policy. Goal RC-3: Collaborate with Gallatin County regarding annexation and development patterns adjacent to the City to provide certainty for landowners and taxpayers. RC-3.1 Work with Gallatin County to create compact, contiguous development and infill to achieve an efficient use of land and infrastructure, reducing sprawl and preserving open space, agricultural lands, wildlife habitat, and water resources. 40 BOZEMANMT 2020 COMMUNITY PLAN RC-3.2 Work with Gallatin County to keep rural areas rural and maintain a clear edge to urban development that evolves as the City expands outwards. RC-3.3 Prioritize annexations that enable the incremental expansion of the City and its utilities. RC-3.4 Encourage annexation of land adjacent to the City prior to development and encourage annexation of wholly surrounded areas. RC-3.5 Establish standard practices for sharing development application information and exchanging comments between the City and County. RC-3.6 Develop shared information on development processes. RC-3.7 Provide education and information on the value and benefits of annexation, including existing un-annexed pockets surrounding the City, to individual landowners and the community at large. Establish interlocal agreements, when appropriate, to formalize working relationships and procedures. RC-3.8 Coordinate with Gallatin County for siting, development, and redevelopment of regional parks, emergency services, fairgrounds, transportation facilities, interchanges, or other significant regional services. Goal RC-4: Ensure that all City actions support continued development of the City, consistent with its adopted Plans and standards. RC-4.1 Enhance collaboration between City agencies to ensure quality design and innovation across public and private areas. RC-4.2 Further develop reasonable and relevant metrics for community development within the City’s Planning Area to determine whether the intent of this Plan is being accomplished. RC-4.3 Prioritize human well-being and health in the creation and implementation of land development standards. RC-4.4 Update the Unified Development Code (UDC) to: • Implement a twice-yearly code revision cycle. Identify and make revisions to optimize the UDC current conditions. • Incorporate development minimums in designated growth areas. • Revise the zoning map to harmonize with the future land use map. OTHER RELEVANT PLANS Bozeman Strategic Plan – 2018 Fire and EMS Master Plan – 2017 Gallatin County Hazard Mitigation Plan and Community Wildfire Protection Plan (Draft) – 2019 Gallatin Triangle Planning Study – 2014 Triangle Community Plan - 2020 Wastewater Collection Facilities Plan Update – 2015 Water Facility Plan Update – 2017 PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 41 03 03 | FUTURE LAND USE IMPORTANCE Future land use is the community’s fundamental building block. It is an illustration of the City’s desired outcome to accommodate the complex and diverse needs of its residents. Part of Bozeman’s appeal is its distinct character. Its character comes from the natural setting and includes the sense of place created by constructed landmarks such as Downtown and the MSU campus. Continuing Bozeman’s character as a unique place rather than “Anywhere, USA” is important. There is increasing evidence that sense of place is an important influence on economic development and overall community health. Bozeman’s physical landscape provides residents and visitors variety when moving amongst its streets, bike paths, and trails. This variety is often noted as an important part of Bozeman’s unique character – to experience open, agricultural, and recreational spaces just minutes from dense, urban corridors from the seat of a bike or a car, a bus, or when walking. As Bozeman continues to evolve, promoting this landscape diversity will be important to maintaining the community character that people know and love. Community development oriented on centers of employment and activity shorten travel distances and encourage multi-modal transportation, increase business synergies, and permit greater efficiencies in the delivery of public services. 42 BOZEMANMT 2020 COMMUNITY PLAN City activities all require continuous thoughtfulness and planning. Capital improvements, maintenance programs, and plan implementation tools must be regularly evaluated and updated. Ensuring a consistent set of guiding principles provides a higher level of service to residents, minimizes contradictory or conflicting policies that waste resources, and enable a more accurate evaluation of public policies. All of these are reflected in, and shaped by, the way land is used. The character of our well-planned City is defined by urban edges, a varied skyline, centers of employment and activity, pedestrian-friendly streetscapes, and easy access to the natural world. The land use map sets generalized expectations for what goes where in the community. Each category has its own descriptions. Understanding the future land use map is not possible without understanding the category descriptions. Land use categories are not regulatory. Each category description can be implemented by multiple zoning districts. The land use categories and descriptions provide a guide for appropriate development and redevelopment locations for civic, residential, commercial, industrial, and other uses. The Future land use designations are important because they aim to further the vision and goals of the City through promoting sustainability, citizen and visitor safety, and a high quality of life that will shape Bozeman’s future development. PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 43 FUTURE LAND USE MAP - LAND USE DESCRIPTIONS The Future Land Use Map for the Planning Area is an indispensable part of this Plan. It utilizes nine land use categories to illustrate and guide the intent, type of use, density, and intensity of future development. The map does not always represent existing uses but does reflect the uses that are desired. Although Gallatin County has final approval authority on land development outside the City of Bozeman, land annexed by the City is under the City’s authority. The City has adopted facility plans that enable coordination with Gallatin County. If one or more intergovernmental agreements are developed that address areas outside City limits, development would need to meet the terms of these agreements. Land use categories are not regulatory in and of themselves. The Correlation with Zoning table shows the existing zoning districts that implement the intent of each district. The future land use map is not limited to conditions or needs expected within a certain number of years. It depicts what, at whatever time the land changes use, the City sees as the best long term use. It may take many plan update cycles before the depicted conditions on the future land use map occur. Due to limitations of scale and ability to predict the nuances of land development, the water bodies and streams are not depicted nor are the locations of future parks. The categories are as follows: 1. URBAN NEIGHBORHOOD. This category primarily includes urban density homes in a variety of types, shapes, sizes, and intensities. Large areas of any single type of housing are discouraged. In limited instances, an area may develop at a lower gross density due to site constraints and/or natural features such as floodplains or steep slopes. Complementary uses such as parks, home-based occupations, fire stations, churches, schools, and some neighborhood-serving commerce provide activity centers for community gathering and services. The Urban Neighborhood designation indicates that development is expected to occur within municipal boundaries. This may require annexation prior to development. Applying a zoning district to specific parcels sets the required and allowed density. Higher density residential areas are encouraged to be, but are not required or restricted to, proximity to commercial mixed use areas to facilitate the provision of services and employment opportunities without requiring the use of a car. Near Enterprise Blvd. and Graf St.Northeast NeighborhoodsNear N. Black Ave. and E. Beall St. 44 BOZEMANMT 2020 COMMUNITY PLAN 2. RESIDENTIAL MIXED USE. This category promotes neighborhoods substantially dominated by housing, yet integrated with small-scale commercial and civic uses. The housing can include single-attached and small single-detached dwellings, apartments, and live-work units. If buildings include ground floor commercial uses, residences should be located on upper floor. Variation in building mass, height, and other design characteristics should contribute to a complete and interesting streetscape. Secondary supporting uses, such as retail, office, and civic uses, are permitted on the ground floor. All uses should complement existing and planned residential uses. Non-residential uses are expected to be pedestrian oriented and emphasize the human scale with modulation in larger structures. Stand alone, large, non-residential uses are discouraged. Non-residential spaces should provide an interesting pedestrian experience with quality urban design for buildings, sites, and open spaces. This category is appropriate near commercial centers. Larger areas should be well served by multimodal transportation routes. Multi-unit, higher density, urban development is expected. Any development within this category should have a well-integrated transportation and open space network that encourages pedestrian activity and provides ready-access within and adjacent development. Cannery District Northeast NeighborhoodsNear Enterprise Blvd. and Graf St. PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 45 3. COMMUNITY COMMERCIAL MIXED USE. The Community Commercial Mixed Use category promotes commercial areas necessary for economic health and vibrancy. This includes professional and personal services, retail, education, health services, offices, public administration, and tourism establishments. Density is expected to be higher than it is currently in most commercial areas in Bozeman and should include multi-story buildings. Residences on upper floors, in appropriate circumstances, are encouraged. The urban character expected in this designation includes urban streetscapes, plazas, outdoor seating, public art, and hardscaped open space and park amenities. High density residential areas are expected in close proximity. Developments in this land use area should be located on one or two quadrants of intersections of the arterial and/or collector streets and integrated with transit and non-automotive routes. Due to past development patterns, there are also areas along major streets where this category is organized as a corridor rather than a center. Although a broad range of uses may be appropriate in both types of locations, the size and scale is to be smaller within the local service areas. Building and site designs made to support easy reuse of the building and site over time is important. Mixed use areas should be developed in an integrated, pedestrian friendly manner and should not be overly dominated by any single use. Higher intensity uses are encouraged in the core of the area or adjacent to significant streets and intersections. Building height or other methods of transition may be required for compatibility with adjacent development. Smaller neighborhood scale areas are intended to provide local service to an area of approximately one half-mile to one mile radius as well as passersby. These smaller centers support and help give identity to neighborhoods by providing a visible and distinct focal point as well as employment and services. Densities of nearby homes needed to support this scale are an average of 14 to 22 dwellings per net acre. Northeast Neighborhoods Ferguson FarmsCannery District 46 BOZEMANMT 2020 COMMUNITY PLAN 4. TRADITIONAL CORE. The traditional core of Bozeman is Downtown. This area exemplifies high quality urban design including an active streetscape supported by a mix of uses on multiple floors, a high level of walkability, and a rich architectural and local character. Additionally, essential government services and flexible spaces for events and festivals support opportunities for civic and social engagement. The intensity of development in this district is high with a Floor Area Ratio (FAR) well over 1. As Bozeman grows, continued evolution is necessary for long-term resilience. Challenges do exist, particularly around keeping local identity intact, balancing growth sensitively, and welcoming more transportation modes and residents. Underdevelopment and a lack of flexibility can threaten the viability of the land use designation. Future development should be intense while providing areas of transition to adjacent neighborhoods and preserving the character of the Main Street Historic District through context-sensitive development. 5. REGIONAL COMMERCIAL AND SERVICES. Regionally significant developments in this land use category may be developed with physically large and economically prominent facilities requiring substantial infrastructure and location near significant transportation facilities. Due to the scale of these developments, location, and transition between lower- density uses is important. Residential space should be located above the first floor to maintain land availability for necessary services. Development within this category needs well-integrated utilities, transportation, and open space networks that encourage pedestrian activity and provide ready-access within and adjacent to development. Large community scale areas in this land use category are generally 75 acres or larger and are activity centers for several surrounding square miles. These are intended to service the overall community as well as adjacent neighborhoods and are typically distributed by a one-to two-mile separation. Main St.Main St.Babcock St. 1001 Oak Street Highland Blvd.Kenyon Noble PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 47 6. INDUSTRIAL. This classification provides areas for manufacturing, warehousing, technology industries, and transportation hubs. Development within these areas is intensive and is connected to significant transportation corridors. Uses that would be harmed by industrial activities are discouraged from locating in these areas. Although use in these areas is intense, they are part of the larger community and standards for architecture and site design apply. In some circumstances, uses other than those typically considered industrial have been historically present in areas that were given an industrial designation in prior growth policies. Careful consideration must be given to public policies to allow these mixed uses to coexist in harmony. 7. PARKS AND OPEN LANDS. All recreational lands, including parks, are included within this category, as well as certain private lands. These areas are generally open in character and may or may not be developed for active recreational purposes. This category includes conservation easements or other private property which may not be open for public use. S&S Building Northwestern EnergyStraightaway Motors Meadowlark Elementary SchoolBozeman Public Library, Main St. Sourdough Trail Area 8. PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. The land in this classification is owned by a public entity. A variety of activities are undertaken in this land use classification. Schools are a dominant use including Montana State University. Other typical uses are libraries, fire stations, and publicly operated utilities. A significant portion of Bozeman’s employment occurs within this category. Story Mill Park Meyers Lake City Hall 48 BOZEMANMT 2020 COMMUNITY PLAN CORRELATION WITH ZONING The zoning districts which implement each future land use category are shown in relation to each future land use category in Table 4 below. Table 4. Implementing Zoning Districts (Link to online municipal code zoning descriptions) Plan Category R- S R- 1 R- 2 R- 3 R- 4 R- 5 R- O RE M U RM H B- 1 B- 2 B- 2 M B- 3 UM U M- 1 M- 2 BP NE H M U PL I 1. Urban Neighborhood Δ •••••••••• 2. Residential Mixed Use •••••••• 3. Community Commercial Mixed Use •••••••• 4. Community Core ••• 5. Regional Commercial and Services •••• 6. Industrial ••••• 7. Parks and Open Lands • 8. Public Institutions • 9. No City Services* Δ The R-S Zoning District has limited application only to areas currently zoned R-S. *This classification by no means suggests the City does not want a property to develop, rather it simply states city services are not available or currently planned over the term of this Plan to serve urban development. Prior to development the Growth Policy designation must be changed. 9. NO CITY SERVICES. This category designates areas where development is considered inappropriate over the 20-year planning horizon of this growth policy because of natural features, negative impacts on the desired development pattern, or difficulty providing urban services. As a result, the City does not anticipate building infrastructure to serve these lands at any time during the Planning Period. As the City’s growth policy is updated, some areas currently classified as No City Services may be reclassified. Suburban or rural density subdivisions in these areas are discouraged because they impede an orderly and cost effective expansion of the City. PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 49 THE FUTURE LAND USE MAP Due to the large scale of the map, any useful review will require access to its digital version, which can be expanded to show details. The City’s web viewer displays the most current digital version of the map at all times. It is available at https://gisweb. bozeman.net/Html5Viewer/?viewer=planning. Outward development of the City is strongly connected to locations of municipal water and sewer systems. The City has planned for eventual utility services to the Planning Area. The inset map at right shows the location of current City boundaries and where utility services are presently available. New development regularly expands this area. Many mapping resources for utilities, land use, zoning, parks, transportation, floodplains, and other land use related subjects are available through the City’s web portal at https://www. bozeman.net/government/gis-mapping. Traditional Core RCS RCS RCS RCS 160 acres 40 acres 10 acres INTE R S T A T E 9 0 H W Y S 1 9 T H A V E FR O N T A G E R D LO V E L N DURSTON RD GO O C H H I L L R D FO W L E R L N S 3 R D A V E HUFFINE LN CO T T O N W O O D R D STUCKY RD NASH RD SO U R D O U G H R D NE L S O N R D E VALLEY CENTER RD N 1 9 T H A V E JOHNSON RD BLACKWOOD RD DA V I S L N BAXTER LN W OAK ST SP R I N G H I L L R D BIGGULCH D R M C I L H A T T A N R D BOZEMAN TRAIL RD BRIDGE R C A N Y O N R D W MAIN ST PATTERSON RD S Y P E S C A N Y O N R D N 7 T H A V E ST O R Y M I L L R D HA R P E R P U C K E T T R D MA N L E Y R D S 1 1 T H A V E FO R T E L L I S R D CH A P M A N R D W COLLEGE ST KELLY CANYON RD W KOCH ST FALLON ST HI G H L A N D B L V D L ST HAGGERTY LN E MAIN ST T R I P L E T R E E R D B E A R C A N YON R D MO U N T E L L I S L N GA N T R D N R O U S E A V E W KAGY BLVD TA Y A B E S H O C K U P R D E KAGY BLVD S 4 T H A V E S 5 T H A V E BRIDGER DR N 1 5 T H A V E E G R A F S T W GARFIELD ST ANNIE ST TSCHACHE LN S C H U R C H A V E S 6 T H A V E S W I L L S O N A V E LY N X L N CATTAIL ST S G R A N D A V E N 2 5 T H A V E M C G E E D R P A I N T E D H I L L S R D GLORY LN VA N D Y K E R D B L A C K B U L L T R L PASHA LN E CAMERON BRIDGE RD W STORY ST RE D W I N G D R N 2 7 T H A V E ME A G H E R A V E H U N T E R S W A Y B O H A R T L N N 5 T H A V E ROSE ST ELLIS ST MA R Y R D CA N A R Y L N FE N W A Y S 8 T H A V E CA Y U S E T R L CE D A R S T S 1 5 T H A V E N 1 7 T H A V E RAVALLI ST S T A R R I DG E R D W OLIVE ST D E E R C R E E K D R E GRIFFIN DR BAXTER LN E M A Y F I E L D R D R O LLINGH I L L S D R SIM M O N S LN SENTINEL DR HI D D E N V A L L E Y R D W BEALL ST EN D E R S R D W ALDERSON ST FL A N D E R S M I L L R D SA N D E R S A V E W CURTISS ST S 7 T H A V E D O L L A R D R S R O U S E A V E ROBIN LN HULBERT RD E KAGY RD N C O T T O N W O O D R D W LAMME ST HILLSIDE LN ELK LN W GRANT ST N B L A C K A V E S 9 T H A V E EQUESTRIAN LN BRISTOL LN D R I F T E R D R LA K E 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K F A R WAY ME A D O W L N BLACKWOOD RD E A S T W O O D D R N EW M ANLN L A R I A T L O O P ME R I W E T H E R A V E ME G H A N S W A Y S S T A F F O R D A V E N 6 T H A V E P E A R S T C A N D Y L N C L I F D E N D R A U T O M O T I V E A V E REMINGTON WAY RUGBY CT BE D I V E R E B L V D ST O N E F L Y D R P A L E T T E C T A AJKER CREEK RD CAMPUS BLVD LEXINGTON DR BEMBRICK ST W DICKERSON ST SUNNY ACRES DR S 3 0 T H A V E ALL WEST TRL LOLO WAY SU N D A N C E D R P R O F E S S I O N A L D R Y E R G E R D R J E A N A L E I C T HONOR L N V I STA LN S 1 2 T H A V E CO L T E R A V E LEVE R I C H L N R I S I N G S U N WAY E S H A D O W D R N L A U R E L P K W Y GOLDENROD LN L I T T L E W O LF R D PINNACLE STAR S T LADUKE ST COVER ST MO R N I N G S U N D R W S H A D O W D R V I L L A G E D O W N T O W N B L V D LI N D L E Y P L LI M E S T O N E M EADO WSLN WESTLAND WAY SU N N Y S I D E T R L R A E W A T E R L N PAT H F I N D E R T R L R O S A W A Y ST A N F O R D D R RIDGEVIEW DR SNOWBRITE ST EL C A M I N O W A Y E S T E S L N QUAIL L N MI L K H O U S E A V E LI N D V I G D R GALLOWAY ST OPPORTUNITY WAY SOUTHBRIDGE DR BRYANT ST R A N C H D R RENOVA LN MONIDA ST NE W H O L L A N D D R F O X CT KIMBERWICKE ST CHAPARREL WAY HA R M O N S T R E A M B L V D C O T T A G E L N UPPERAUTUMNRIDGE RD C A P E A V E SAVANNAH ST M Y E R S L N CO N E S T O G A C I R SUNNY MEADOW LN S U N S E T BL V D HE R S T A L W A Y P A R C T LORI LN PRAIRIE VIEW LN R E E V E S R D W FA R R I E R L N TEAL CT S PINECREST DR S T A N DREWS DR DAWS DR CA R S O N P L CATKIN LN S O U T H V I E W R I D G E L N E ASPEN ST E BABCOCK ST TH O R O U G H B R E D L N BO R A W A Y SP R I N G M E A D O W S D R ETHAN WAY BR I G G S R D H A W T H O R N L N DR O U L L I A R D A V E H A N L E Y A V E HARRIS ST RYAN DR P E R C I V A L P A T H E MASON ST ALLISON CT FR A N C H A M T R L TA I L N PO N D R O W JA R D I N E A V E S 3 0 T H A V E BRAJENKA LN CH O U T E A U A V E WH I S P E R L N R O W L A N D R D NOSTALGIA LN BA R N E T T L N DENNISON LN SU M M E R V I E W L N R E S E A R C H D R WHEELER DR RE N E E W A Y COMMONWEALTH ST KE A N D R S 3 1 S T A V E PARKSIDE D R KI R S H A L N ER W I N A V E S 2 7 T H A V E BAR C L A Y D R GIBSON D R MAE ST VAH L W A Y GLACIER CT CUTTING ST HO O V E R W A Y BR I S K C T THAT C H E R D R B E R G A M O T C T WAGON BOSS DR KRA F T C T FO R B E S A V E MORROW ST CANVAS CT MELANIE LN TE L E V I S I O N W A Y TECHNOLOGY B L V D W BO A R D W A L K A V E BAR R Y C T HAYSTACK DR ARCADIA LN ALLEN DR RLANE DR B O Y L AN R D S 8 T H A V E BAXTER LN INT E R S T A T E 9 0 H W Y EKAGY BLVD S 3 R D A V E BALSAM DR N 7 T H A V E W OAK ST W OAK ST CATTAIL ST W GRAF ST W BABCOCK ST W OLIVE ST GOLDENSTEIN LN N 1 1 T H A V E W GARFIELD ST S 3 R D A V E BLACKWOOD RD N 2 7 T H A V E FRONTA G E R D W BABCOCK ST N R O U S E A V E LILY DR S 7 T H A V E Draft Future Land Use Map Text Legend Acre Grid Growth Policy Boundary (Proposed) City Limits Parks and Open Lands Urban Neighborhood Traditional Core Residential Mixed Use Regional Commercial and Services Community Commercial Mixed Use Industrial Public Institutions No City Services ´0 1 2 3½Miles This map was created by the City of Bozeman GIS Division and is intended for planning purposes only - 6/17/2020 The boudaries depicted on this map are subject to change through individual amendments and growth policy updates as described in Chapter 5 of this growth policy. THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK. PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 51 04 | IMPLEMENTATION IMPORTANCE Implementation of the goals, objectives, and actions of this Plan will require work in coordination with action items listed below and referred to in more detail in Chapter 2. Implementation will proceed in coordination with the City’s Strategic Plan, Capital Improvements Program, and other relevant plans and documents guiding the City. Some of the actions are already underway while others will occur in the future. Not all factors needed for success are controlled by the City. Successful implementation of this Plan will require dedication, engagement, and hard work from the community. This Plan is intended to be a living document used daily by the City. Measuring and reporting on the Plan’s efficacy (or outcomes) is a main tenant of the Plan. Successful implementation of the Plan will be enhanced by periodic reporting and by objective monitoring. These activities can determine how well the City’s initial objectives are working, where they can be improved, and what is not working. To that end, the Department of Community Development will annually provide a report to the Planning Board and the City Commission summarizing the actions taken to date to achieve each of the Objectives and Actions described in Chapter 2 and the success of these actions. In addition, objective monitoring will take place at specified intervals based on information availability. Indicators have been identified for each Theme in order to track progress and setbacks. For example, one indicator under the neighborhoods-based Theme evaluates housing stock diversity by looking at square footages, the number of bedrooms and bathrooms, and the taxable value of homes. A diverse housing stock is indicative of a City that is more accessible and affordable to those of all incomes. 04 52 BOZEMANMT 2020 COMMUNITY PLAN SHORT-TERM ACTION LIST This Plan identifies many actions and objectives to address the listed goals. Many actions are ongoing. Some are specific shorter term actions to implement this Plan. The following list is not listed in any order of priority and is drawn from those shorter term actions listed in Chapter 2. 1. Review potential upzoning to implement objectives N-1.1, N-1.2, and N-1.4 . 2. Evaluate zoning map changes needed to implement objectives N-1.3, N-2.1, and N-2.2 consistent with factors identified in Chapter 5, Zoning Amendment Review. 3. Evaluate design standards as identified in objectives N-1.7 and N-2.4. Buildings are to be capable of serving an initial residential purpose and be readily converted to commercial uses when adequate market support for commercial services exists. 4. Evaluate revisions to maximum building height limits in multi-household, commercial, industrial, and mixed-use zoning districts to account for revised building methods, building code changes, and the effect of incremental changes on meeting goals of this plan as noted in objective DCD-2.4. 5. Update land development standards to implement the Integrated Water Resources Plan as identified in objective EPO-3.5. 6. Identify missing links in the multimodal system, prioritize those most beneficial to complete, and pursue funding for completion of those links as noted in objectives M-1.4, M-1.9, and M-1.11. 7. Evaluate parking requirements and methods of providing parking as part of the overall transportation system for and between districts as noted in objective M-1.12. 8. Revise current intersection level of service design standards to multimodal level of service or traffic stress for people walking, biking, and using transit as identified in objective M-1.3. 9. Prepare for establishment of a Metropolitan Planning Organization, anticipated to be required after the completion of the 2020 US Census and noted in objective RC-1.6. 10. Establish standard practices for sharing development application information and exchanging comments between the City and County as identified in objective RC-3.5. 11. Revise the zoning map to harmonize with the future land use map as noted in objectives N-1.3, N-2.1, N-2.2, EE-1.6, and RC-4.4. 12. Update the UDC to reflect density increases or minimums within key districts as noted in objectives DCD-1.4, EPO-1.6, and RC-4.4. 13. Retain firm that specializes in form-based development codes to evaluate the City's UDC, especially with regard to completing the transition to a form-based code and simplification so that it can be understood by the general public and consistently applied by planning staff. MONITORING AND UPDATES Tracking and monitoring the accomplishment of the Plan’s intent is critical. Each Theme has one or more identified indicators, which use data to measure success towards the goal. Each indicator listed below identifies a source—from where the data should be drawn, description, frequency—defines how often the data is available, and set forth notes describing key considerations. The development of indicators requires the City to establish where we are now in relation to each indicator. This provides a baseline from which to track changes over time. Indicators were selected to be replicable, effective, and where possible, of a similar scope and nature as for indicators for with peer cities. A target, or where we want to go, will be established for each indicator. In some cases the process of setting a target will itself require substantial effort. The targets listed below are to give a general indication of intended trends; further refinement will follow. If an indicator shows over time that the City is getting farther from, rather than closer to, the intended target, it may be necessary to modify targets, policies, or standards. The process for revising the growth policy is described in Chapter 5. Development of specific targets for each indicator should be completed within six months of Plan adoption. After that first year, an annual report on the status of each indicator should be provided to the community. PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 53 Table 5. Monitoring and Updates Indicator Source Frequency Notes Current Status Target qualitative City Measures Community Perception of City Per- formance Citizen Satisfaction Survey To be deter- mined Intent to capture citizen quality of life mea- sures such as ICMA National Citizen Survey Maintain or improve land use related scores a City of neigHBorHoods Housing Cost Burden US Census, ACS Annually Percentage of households spending more than 30% of income on housing costs Lower Housing Stock Diversity State of Montana Department of Revenue, MLS Annually Type, Square footage, number of bedrooms, and number of baths, normalized by taxable market value, medium listing and selling price, days on market, Maintain or increase Intersection Density City of Bozeman, GIS Annually Trail networks may be considered in addition to roadways Maintain or increase Population Density US Census Annually Increase Residential Density State of Montana, Department of Revenue Real-time data analyzed and published an- nually Gross dwelling units per acre of residentially- zoned and developed land by zoning district Increase Walk Score Walk Score®Annually Ability to meet basic needs within walking distance Increase a City Bolstered By downtown and CoMPleMentary distriCts Commute Mode Share US Census, ACS Annually Focus on walking and biking Increase Location of Development City of Bozeman, CDD Real-time data analyzed and published an- nually Development within subdivisions platted more than and less than 35 years ago Increase rede- velopment Residential Units City of Bozeman, BD Real-time data analyzed and published an- nually Number of residential units added as compared to overall job growth (district vs. Citywide) Increase a City influenCed By our natural environMent, Parks, and oPen lands Air Quality City of Bozeman, SD To be deter- mined Climate Action Plan coordination – efficient land use patterns and construction Maintain Greenhouse Gas Emissions Per Capita City of Bozeman, SD Annually Climate Action Plan coordination – efficient land use patterns and construction Reduce Park Accessibility City of Bozeman, GIS Real-time Percentage of residents/households within ½-mile walking distance to open space or trails. Increase Vehicle Miles Traveled MDOT Annually Per capita Reduce 54 BOZEMANMT 2020 COMMUNITY PLAN Table 5. Monitoring and Updates Indicator Source Frequency Notes Current Status Target a City tHat PrioritiZes aCCessiBility and MoBility CHoiCes Bike Accessibility City of Bozeman Annually Percent of jobs and residents within ½-mile of an All Ages & Abilities (AAA) route. AAA/LTS 1: protected facility or low-speed, low volume road, e.g. buffered bike lane, cycle track, bicycle boulevard Increase Bike and Pedestrian Safety NHTSA– Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) Annually Annual fatal and severe injuries Decrease Transit Accessibility Streamline Bi-Annually Increase ridership.Increase Traffic Safety NHTSA–Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) Annually Annual fatal and severe injuries Decrease a City Powered By its Creative, innovative, and entrePreneurial eConoMy Land Use Availability City of Bozeman, Community Develop- ment Division, GIS Division Monthly data analyzed and published an- nually Availability of land not for economic activity based on annual land use inventory Maintain Percent of Application Submittals Containing All Information Needed City of Bozeman, Community Develop- ment Division Annually Increase a City engaged in regional Coordination Acres Wholly Surrounded but Unan- nexed City of Bozeman, GIS Division Real-time data analyzed and published an- nually Number of acres of annexations of land whol- ly surrounded by the City but unannexed (i.e. enclaves) Decrease City Expansion City of Bozeman, Community Devel- opment Division; Gallatin County Planning Staff Annually Number of projects within the Planning Area but outside of City limits that conform to adopted interlocal agreements Maintain Implement the Triangle Plan Planning Coordinat- ing Committee Annually Plan is in review Increase PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 55 05 05 | AMENDMENTS + REVIEW PLAN AMENDMENTS NEED FOR BALANCE A growth policy must balance consistency with responsiveness to the needs of the community. If the policy is not consistent, it will have little value as a planning tool, nor provide an adequate basis for implementation actions, nor have the confidence of the community. If the policy is not responsive, policies and actions are continued that no longer address community needs, and less than optimal guidance for future actions is provided. This Plan was prepared based on information and circumstances as understood at this time. The nature of planning for the future is imprecise. As situations change it is important that the Plan be reviewed, and when necessary updated, to accommodate future events. State law requires review and consideration of the need for amendments through Section 76-1-601(3) (f), 56 BOZEMANMT 2020 COMMUNITY PLAN of the Montana Code Annotated which reads: “(f) an implementation strategy that includes: (i) a timetable for implementing the growth policy; (ii) a list of conditions that will lead to a revision of the growth policy; and (iii) a timetable for reviewing the growth policy at least once every 5 years and revising the policy if necessary;” Assumptions regarding population growth, land use, and other subjects are embedded in the Plan. Significant changes in the rates or the interaction of these items necessitate a review of the Plan; although, a review may find that no changes are needed. Reviews, if properly done, will help to ensure that the information upon which the Plan is based remains accurate and timely and that the goals and objectives of the Plan reflect the desires of the community. Evaluating the existing growth policy text and maps is an essential part of any review. New inventory maps should be made available for consideration during the review process if the new map would display materially changed information. Any review of the growth policy should consider the triggers presented below. Periodic formal and informal reviews of the implementation policies as well as the growth policies themselves are desirable. REVIEW TRIGGERS, AMENDMENTS, AND AMENDMENT CRITERIA REVIEW TRIGGERS The following events require a formal review of the plan: 1. Five years after the plan is adopted it must be reviewed. If a review of the plan is required it should consider: 1. Are the community’s goals current and valid? 2. Have the community conditions or legal framework materially changed? 3. Where have problems appeared since the last review? 4. Can this Plan be modified to better serve the needs and desires of the community? This Plan provides progress indicators as described in Chapter 4. The annual review of those indicators may suggest conducting a review prior to the required five year period. AMENDMENT PROCESS The Bozeman Community Plan was formed on the basis of significant community outreach efforts and the input of many persons and groups. Alterations, whether the result of a review as triggered above or another reason, to the growth policy must provide a significant opportunity for public participation and understanding of the proposed changes. Amendments to the growth policy must meet the same statutory standards as the original adoption. Therefore, prior to the adoption of any amendment to the Plan, a public process must be provided. A fundamental requirement for public participation is time for individuals to become aware of proposed amendments and to study the proposed changes. A minimum active public review period of three months is to be expected. This Plan has been prepared to balance a wide variety of interests. Changes to the Plan must continue the balance of needs and interests. This Plan has been prepared to be internally consistent. Internal consistency meets one of the fundamental purposes of community planning— coordination between government programs PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 57 and policies. All amendments must be carefully evaluated to ensure that changes do not create conflicts between goals, maps, or implementation tools. If a proposed amendment would cause conflicts within the Plan, additional amendments must be identified and reviewed so that conflicts are resolved. WHO MAY INITIATE AMENDMENTS 1. City Commission; independently or at the suggestion of the Planning Board or the City Staff; 2. One or more landowner of property that are the subject of the amendment to the future land use map; and 3. Interested members of the public may suggest modifications to the text. Any proposed changes to either the text or maps contained in this Plan must comply with all of the criteria described below. The burden of proof for the desirability of a proposed amendment and its compliance with the criteria lies with the applicant. Unless all criteria are successfully met by demonstrable facts, an amendment may not be approved. AMENDMENT CRITERIA When an amendment to either the text of the Plan or the future land use map is requested it must be reviewed against the following criteria: 1. The proposed amendment must cure a deficiency in the growth policy or improve the growth policy to better respond to the needs of the general community; 2. The proposed amendment does not create inconsistencies within the growth policy, either between the goals and the maps or between different goals and objectives; 3. The proposed amendment must be consistent with the overall intent of the growth policy; and 4. The proposed amendment may must not adversely affect the community as a whole or any significant portion thereof by : a. Significantly altering land use patterns and principles in a manner contrary to those established by this Plan, b. Requiring unmitigated improvements to streets, water, sewer, or other public facilities or services, thereby impacting development of other lands, c. Adversely impacting existing uses because of inadequately mitigated impacts on facilities or services, or d. Negatively affecting the health and safety of the residents. 58 BOZEMANMT 2020 COMMUNITY PLAN SUBDIVISION REVIEW Subdivisions set the “bones” for a community by establishing the locations for roads, parks, and lots for development. How a subdivision is designed and reviewed can impact Bozeman’s residents for many years to come. Review must be fair to all, allow for identification and resolution of concerns, and provide meaningful opportunities for participation. INTENT AND BACKGROUND Local governments in Montana must review proposed subdivisions. Section 76-3-101 et seq. Montana Code Annotated governs the review of subdivisions. Section 76-3-501 et seq. MCA requires all municipal and county governments to establish subdivision review regulations and establishes the minimum requirements for those regulations. In addition, Section 76-1-601 MCA requires that a growth policy discuss and address various elements of the subdivision review process. This section meets the requirement. Title 76, Chapter 3 MCA contains the requirements and restrictions upon both public and private parties for subdivision review and platting. For full information on this subject interested parties are referred to Title 76, Montana Code Annotated, and Division 38.240 Unified Development Code, City of Bozeman municipal code. Creation of a subdivision often precedes or accompanies a change in the use of that land. A subdivision generally remains in perpetuity and continues to influence the location and intensity of land uses within and adjacent to the subdivision. Therefore, subdivisions are strongly connected to the planning process and may significantly advance or hinder public goals. Because of this strong influence, all subdivisions must comply with the Bozeman growth policy. The subdivision regulations adopted by the City are to direct and govern the review and use of land to ensure they conform to the Bozeman growth policy. REVIEW PARTICIPANTS Many agencies and review bodies review subdivisions. Reviews are to be conducted by each agency, as needed. The purpose of these reviews is to verify compliance with the law and identify concerns which may require mitigation. These entities may include, but are not limited to the following: • City staff • Recreation and Parks Advisory Board • Private utilities such as power and telecommunications • Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks • Montana Department of Transportation • Pedestrian and Traffic Safety Committee • Irrigation companies • Planning Board • Gallatin County DEFINITIONS AND REVIEW PROCEDURES This section defines the six state established primary criteria for subdivision review and provides an overview of how those criteria are used during the review of subdivisions AGRICULTURE Agriculture is defined as follows: The cultivation or tilling of soil or use of other growing medium for the purpose of producing vegetative materials for sale or for use in a commercial operation and/ or the raising or tending of animals for commercial sale or use. Agriculture does not include gardening for personal use, keeping of house pets or animals as authorized under Chapter 8 of the municipal code, service animals as defined by the Americans with Disabilities Act, or landscaping for aesthetic purposes. The following presumptions apply: 1. Property annexed or seeking to be annexed within the depicted urban area shown on the future land use map will generally not be utilized for agricultural purposes over the long term. 2. Agriculture may be appropriate within PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 59 the City in limited areas where physical constraints make an area undesirable for the construction of buildings, or in support of a commercial business such as a plant nursery or a common community garden. 3. Urban density development within the City of Bozeman facilitates the preservation of agriculture in Gallatin County. It provides a location for the development of residential and employment activities in a compact and efficient manner. This reduces pressure to convert agricultural lands to non-agricultural uses in the county. 4. Undeveloped lands within the City not constrained by physical features should be developed at urban densities. This enables infill development and reduces outward expansion of the City. AGRICULTURAL WATER USER FACILITIES Agricultural water user facilities are defined as follows: Those facilities, which include but are not limited to ditches, pipes, and other water- conveying facilities that provide water for irrigation and stock watering on agricultural lands, with said lands being defined in MCA 15-7-202 The following presumptions apply: 1. Agricultural uses are not generally urban uses. The transition of agricultural lands to urban uses will often remove the need for agricultural water user facilities within the urbanized area. Where a need for protection due to ongoing use for water conveyance can be demonstrated, provision for protection of the facility must be made. 2. The formal abandonment and removal of all agricultural water user facilities within the City must occur in accordance with Montana law. Should the beneficial use cease in the future, an easement for protection of agricultural water user facilities may be removed. 3. The use of agricultural water user facilities for stormwater does not constitute beneficial use for the purposes of presumption 2 above unless agreed to by the facility owner. Stormwater facilities may require separate easements or other procedures. 4. Agricultural Water User Facilities are subject to Section 70-17-112, and Section 85-7-2211 and 85-7-2212, MCA. LOCAL SERVICES Local Services mean all services provided by governmental bodies for the benefit of residents. This includes, but is not limited to, police, fire, water, recreation, streets, parks, libraries, schools, wastewater, and solid waste collection and disposal. Those criteria to which a specific response and evaluation of impact must be made are listed within the City subdivision regulations. The following presumptions apply: 1. When the City assessed needs and the means of addressing those needs, subdividers will not be required to duplicate that work without good cause. If the City has completed a portion of a required assessment, the subdivider may be required to submit the remaining portion of the necessary information. 2. Capacity and capability in local services is limited. All development shall equitably participate in providing adequate services for itself, including replacement of consumed reserve capacity. Development shall meet levels of service and facility design standards established by the City. 3. Response times, physical space within facilities, compliance with applicable facility Plans, and general design of local service facilities within proposed subdivisions shall be addressed during the preliminary plat review and necessary mitigation is to be provided. 4. Lack of adequate service capacity and capability within local services is grounds for denial of subdivision approval when impacts of proposed subdivisions are not mitigated. 60 BOZEMANMT 2020 COMMUNITY PLAN EFFECT ON THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT The natural environment is defined as the physical conditions which exist within a given area, including land, water, mineral, flora, fauna, noise, light, and objects of historic or aesthetic significance. The following presumptions apply: 1. The natural environment is fundamentally linked with our economic development, as an attraction to new and expanding businesses, a tourist destination, and a basic component of Bozeman’s character. 2. The natural environment should be conserved and development should respect significant natural features and systems. Impacts to consider include road locations, stormwater treatment and discharges, potential contamination of ground or surface water, building placement, and others that may be identified through subdivision, zoning, data inventories, and other implementation tools. Mitigation of negative development impacts is required. WILDLIFE AND WILDLIFE HABITAT Wildlife means animals that are neither human, domesticated, nor feral descendants of commonly domesticated animals. Wildlife habitat means the place or type of habitat where wildlife naturally thrives. Habitat excludes areas developed for human use including agriculture. The following presumptions apply: 1. Lands within the designated urban area are typically utilized for development purposes and will have a minor impact on wildlife habitat. Watercourse corridors and wetlands are an exception to this presumption. The designated urban area includes all lands except the No City Services category shown on the future land use map. 2. The habitat needs of larger and/or predatory wildlife species such as deer, moose, bears, coyotes, or similar species will not be met within urban density development and will likely be in conflict with people. Therefore, these types of animals are found to be undesirable within the City boundaries. 3. Smaller species, especially birds, are compatible within urban density development and should be preserved, including the encouragement of suitable habitats. 4. High value wetlands, stream corridors, and similar high value habitats should be preserved in accordance with the City’s adopted standards. These provide a variety of recreational, environmental sustainability, and safety values such as flood control as well as habitat. PUBLIC HEALTH AND SAFETY Public health and safety means a condition of optimal well-being, free from danger or injury, for a community at large, as well as for an individual or small groups. The following presumptions apply: 1. Health is a comprehensive subject and threats to health include chronic as well as acute hazards. 2. Subdivision design should encourage physical activity and a healthy community. 3. The creation of hazards to public health and safety are not acceptable and appropriate mitigation must be provided. 4. Some level of risk is always present despite efforts to prevent harm. Developments are not solely responsible for the correction of risks common to all. They should equitably participate in common solutions to common problems. However, the presence of common risks, such as inadequate public services, may prevent approval of a development until the hazard has been removed or corrected. The developer of a subdivision may not accept hazards to public health and safety on behalf of future residents or owners of a subdivision by declaring that necessary infrastructure improvements or other actions are unnecessary. PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 61 PUBLIC HEARING PROCEDURES An important part of the subdivision review process is the opportunity to offer comments on the proposal. Comments may be given by any interested person. This opportunity is formally provided by the public comment/hearing process. Persons for, against, or seeking information about the proposal may send written comments to the City for transmittal to the appointed or elected officials who review the subdivision, or they may speak at a public hearing. The public hearing, when one is required by state law, on a subdivision proposal may be held by either the Planning Board and/or the City Commission. Planning Board makes the recommendation to the City Commission regarding the proposed subdivision’s compliance with the Bozeman Community Plan. Regardless of which body holds a hearing, a similar procedure is required. Generally, the format for a subdivision public hearing is as follows: 1. The public hearing will be advertised as required by state law and Divisions 38.220 and 38.240 of the City of Bozeman Municipal Code. 2. The public hearing will be conducted at the time and place advertised. 3. A report on the project by the Department of Community Development, including an analysis of compliance with the Plan, regulatory standards and a recommendation of approval, denial, or approval with conditions is given. 4. Presentation by the applicant and the applicant’s representative(s). 5. Questions from the Commission or Planning Board to staff or the applicant. 6. The public hearing/comment is opened with persons able to speak for, against, or to seek additional information from applicant or staff. A time limit may be established for each speaker. The public is encouraged to provide a factual basis for their support or opposition to a subdivision and base their comments on subdivision review criteria. 7. When all persons have had opportunity to speak, the public hearing/comment will be closed and the Commission or Planning Board will then return to its discussion of the project. They will evaluate the application materials, the staff report, public testimony, and the requirements of subdivision law and regulations. The Commission or Planning Board may inquire of staff, applicants, or the public for clarification or additional information in order to complete their evaluation. 8. The Planning Board will forward a recommendation to the City Commission. 9. The City Commission will make their decision on record during the review of the subdivision. The record includes all application materials, staff review, public comments, and other materials provided prior to the Commission’s action. 10. When the City Commission has rendered their decision, the City will prepare findings of fact which establish the official record and decision. 11. An approval or denial of a subdivision may be appealed to the District Court after a final decision has been rendered. Appeals are subject to state law requirements. 62 BOZEMANMT 2020 COMMUNITY PLAN ZONING AMENDMENT REVIEW Zoning establishes many of the standards and review processes for the use of land. Amendments to zoning change the rules with consequence. Therefore, zoning amendments are reviewed deliberately and in public. Review must be fair to all, allow for identification and resolution of concerns, and provide meaningful opportunities for participation. INTENT AND BACKGROUND Sections 76-2-301, et seq., Montana Code Annotated, authorizes local governments to adopt zoning. As each community uses zoning differently, the authorization identifies certain purposes and processes but leaves most of the details to each community. Chapter 38, Unified Development Code, City of Bozeman municipal code outlines local details. “76-2-301. Municipal zoning authorized. For the purpose of promoting health, safety, morals, or the general welfare of the community, the City or town council or other legislative body of cities and incorporated towns is hereby empowered to regulate and restrict the height, number of stories, and size of buildings and other structures; the percentage of lot that may be occupied; the size of yards, courts, and other open spaces; the density of population; and the location and use of buildings, structures, and land for trade, industry, residence, or other purposes.” WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BE ZONED? It means the City has adopted standards and procedures for the development and use of property within the City. Zoning indicates the character of an area by applying use and development standards to an individual property. Essentially, zoning addresses public safety, public welfare, and compatibility between uses. Chapter 38 of the Bozeman Municipal Code is the zoning code. The City applies standards and procedures to individual properties through the zoning map. The City will not modify those standards and procedures without public notice and participation. The City does not represent or commit to anyone that the standards and procedures will not change. HOW IS ZONING APPLIED TO PROPERTY? The zoning map shows the designation that applies to each property. The zoning map covers the entire area within City boundaries. The zoning district map assigns a designation to each property in the City. Once applied, the standards and procedures for each district apply to land designated within each district until the City amends the map or text of Chapter 38. Since 1935, the City has adopted a change to the zoning map or text over 500 times including replacing the entire code 19 times. The most recent overall replacement took effect in March 2018. WHO CAN CHANGE THE ZONING TEXT OR MAP? Only the City Commission can approve an amendment and only after notifying the public of the possible change and giving people a chance to participate in the change. As a legislative action, amendments are made through a process called a “map” or a “text” amendment. There is a defined public process for amendments to occur. See below for a summary of that process. The process to initiate amendments is established in 38.260, BMC. The City has created a process for anyone to suggest potential changes. WHAT IS NEEDED TO JUSTIFY A CHANGE IN A ZONING DISTRICT MAP OR TEXT? A change to the zoning text or map is a legislative action. The City Commission can initiate or approve amendments when they believe they are appropriate. In determining whether to begin a City initiated amendment, the Commission can consider broad legislative factors such as the passage of time, changes in the needs of the community, outside actions like court decisions or new laws, whether the existing map or text is reaching the intended outcome, and changes like installation of new infrastructure. Some examples include the following: PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 63 a. Changes to state or federal law that the zoning must address or if it is in conflict with the changes, zoning must address. b. Court decisions changing the interpretation of meaning of the law that interacts with zoning. c. Change in circumstances including the current zoning does not comply with the City’s adopted Community Plan (i.e. its growth policy), policies within the Growth Policy have changed, land is annexed, or infrastructure is newly available. d. An owner requests the change and the request meets required standards. Items a and b are most likely to generate changes in the text; items c and d are more likely to generate changes in the zoning map. In considering zoning map amendments, the City’s longstanding practice is to consider item d as an adequate justification for consideration of a zoning map change. In doing so, the applicant/property owner must demonstrate the requested change meets the required criteria and guidelines for an amendment. The City’s zoning establishes what responsibilities exist, such as controlling stormwater, and requires people to meet those responsibilities. Zoning also addresses the balance of interests between adjacent properties by defining districts where similar uses can be compatible and providing for transitions and buffers between zoning districts where the City determines it is necessary to control impacts and prevent the use of one person’s property right from inappropriately impacting another. When such protections are in place it is appropriate for the property owner to have an opportunity to ask for changes to zoning. If an owner does not show that criteria and guidelines are successfully met the City Commission can choose not to approve the change. This does not prevent the City from initiating a change on its own. To provide transparency in decision making, accountability, and public participation the zoning map or text amendment process requires public notice and hearings. Before any action to approve an amendment, the Commission must address the criteria, which provide guidance in deciding whether an amendment is acceptable. WHEN DOES THE CITY INITIATE ZONING CHANGES TO INCREASE DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES? The City Commission may initiate an amendment to the zoning map to enable additional development in a specific area. In examining whether to do so, the Commission may consider many factors including but not limited to the following: • The existing zone district does not match the growth policy future land use map in Chapter 3. • Forty percent or more of the existing uses within an area are not principal uses within the zone district presently in place. • There is 40% or more available sewer capacity and there is less than 10% vacant land within the sewer drainage area. • Proximity to parks that are larger than 1 acre. • Vacant annexed areas which are 10 acres or larger in size. • Areas within ¼ mile of MSU (roughly 4 blocks) and not in a National Register Historic District. • Revising zoning boundaries to better follow preferred dividing lines such as streets or watercourses. • Request of multiple landowners in the area. • Available capacity in the water plant and water reclamation facilities and permits. 64 BOZEMANMT 2020 COMMUNITY PLAN REVIEW CRITERIA FOR ZONING AMENDMENTS AND THEIR APPLICATION This section includes the four criteria and five guidelines for zoning amendments. These are from state law. This section gives an overview of how those criteria and guidelines apply during the review of individual zoning map amendments. Section 76-2-304 of state law establishes the criteria, section (1), and guidelines, section (2), for the creation and amendment of zoning. Due to the range of subjects, the applicability of any individual criterion may be of more or less importance. The City Commission must evaluate whether the applicable criteria are met, not applicable, or if the benefits of the change offset negative impacts. Below is the state statute that provide the criteria and guidelines for zoning decisions: 76-2-304. CRITERIA AND GUIDELINES FOR ZONING REGULATIONS. 1. Zoning regulations must be: a. made in accordance with a growth policy; and b. designed to: i. secure safety from fire and other dangers; ii. promote public health, public safety, and the general welfare; and iii. facilitate the adequate provision of transportation, water, sewerage, schools, parks, and other public requirements 2. In the adoption of zoning regulations, the municipal governing body shall consider: a. reasonable provision of adequate light and air; b. the effect on motorized and nonmotorized transportation systems; c. promotion of compatible urban growth; d. the character of the district and its peculiar suitability for particular uses; and e. conserving the value of buildings and encouraging the most appropriate use of land throughout the jurisdictional area. HOW THE CRITERIA AND GUIDELINES ARE APPLIED 76-2-304(1) criteria. Under state law, (1) zoning regulations must be “(a) made in accordance with a growth policy.” This criterion gives the Commission latitude. Zoning map amendments’ are to correlate to the future land use map. Beyond that, policy statements such as goals and objectives are weighed. In a text amendment, policy statements weigh heavily as the standards being created or revised implement the growth policy’s aspirations and intent. The City must balance many issues in approving urban development. Therefore, it is not unusual if there is some tension between competing priorities, even if there is no explicit contradiction of policy. As shown in the state statute, zoning must also “(b) be designed to”: i. Secure safety from fire and other dangers; ii. Promote public health, public safety, and the general welfare; and iii. Facilitate the adequate provision of transportation, water, sewerage, schools, parks, and other public requirements. For a map amendment, all three of the above elements are addressed primarily by the City’s long range facility Plans, the City’s capital improvements program, and development standards adopted by the City. The standards set minimum sizing and flow requirements, require dedication of parks, provision of right of way for people and vehicles, keep development out of floodplains, and other items to address public safety, etc. It is often difficult to assess these issues in detail on a specific site. For example, at the time of annexation, the final intensity of development is unknown and it may be many years before development occurs and the impacts are experienced. The availability of other planning and development review tools must be considered when deciding the degree of assurance needed to apply an initial zoning at PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 65 annexation. The City’s building codes reduce reliance on zoning to address other elements of public safety. For example, requirements for fire sprinklers for larger buildings are addressed in the building codes, but not in the zoning code. In addition, the subdivision review process outline’s the backbone for public infrastructure. This includes most water, sewer, stormwater, and street facilities. Development review under zoning procedures gives a final check on infrastructure capacity when there is a known intended intensity of use and condition of facilities. Considering what infrastructure is already present, such as in infill situations, or whether placing one zoning district next to another may reduce travel distances and increase walkability, are also factors that can play into this criterion. It is not only about production of more, but also of best use of public facilities. If a proposed change to the map is contrary to the facility plans, or causes substantial inadequacy over the long term, then denial of the amendment may be warranted. (2) In the adoption of zoning regulations, the municipal governing body shall consider the following: (a) Reasonable provision of adequate light and air; Bozeman has established generally applicable standards for setbacks, park dedication, on-site open space, and building design standards to address this requirement. This is done during the creation of the zoning text. Therefore, when considering changes to the map, this issue is addressed for all districts. In addition, the building codes have standards for ingress and egress, ventilation, and related subjects that further support delivery of adequate light and air. Care is needed if the City revises the standards themselves. (b) The effect on motorized and nonmotorized transportation systems; This guideline looks at the anticipated change that may occur due to the amendment. It does not require there be less of an impact than from the existing condition, whether it be text or map that is the focus. The City relies upon its long- range transportation plan to evaluate transportation needs over the long term for motorized vehicles as well as bikes and pedestrians. The park and trail plan also considers options for extending the trail network. Plans are periodically updated to ensure they are applicable to current conditions. Review of development proposals such as subdivisions or site development look at the transportation, park and trail, and facility plans, consider existing conditions, and requires the additional on and off-site improvements needed to meet the additional demand expected from new development. Development creates or funds many of the City’s local streets, intersection upgrades, and trails. Therefore, although a text or map amendment may allow more intense development than before, compliance with the adopted Plans and standards will provide adequate capacity to offset that increase. The City’s development standards require on-site parking for bicycles and motor vehicles and pedestrian circulation within each site. Articles 38.4 and 38.5 of the UDC regulate parking and circulation. If the Commission considers a substantial change to the standards it must examine the cumulative impacts. The capacity of a street to handle traffic can be viewed differently by local residents, traffic engineers, and Planners. The long-range transportation plan establishes the standards for what is “too 66 BOZEMANMT 2020 COMMUNITY PLAN much” on each class of road. The impact of additional development is not excessive so long as the planned capacity of the road is not exceeded. New development contributes to the creation of additional capacity through dedication of right of way, construction or reconstruction of streets, payment of impact fees, and other contributions as may be applicable to a specific project. These requirements may mitigate the impacts of additional development. Development that is more intense requires greater transportation capacity. Therefore, it is good, but not required, to have more intensive districts near arterial and collector roads. (c) Promotion of compatible urban growth; This guideline focuses on what happens at the edge of the City, as well as what occurs in the heart of the City. Section 38.700.040, BMC defines the factors considered in determining compatibility. This definition explicitly rejects uniformity as being necessary for compatibility. Compatibility is considered within and between districts. The determination of compatibility takes place at several levels, including 1) what uses are allowed within each district, 2) creation of standards for new development to lessen impacts to adjacent land/persons, 3) creation of building and site design standards, and 4) application of future land use areas through the community plan and development of the zoning map. When the Commission considers a text amendment, the majority of the focus is on items 1 through 3, above. What combination of uses under what conditions can work well together? There is a wide range of possible answers for each community to consider. Some communities take a highly prescriptive worst-case view and try to restrain all possible points of perceived conflict. This tends to create a very homogenous community with little interest or scope for creativity. Bozeman takes a different approach. The worst- case scenario is recognized as unlikely, but possible. Development standards deal with the majority of cases, while restraining extraordinary problems. An example is stormwater management where a certain minimum level of control is required, but there are many acceptable alternative methods to address the issue. When considering zoning map amendments, the Commission first looks at the future land use map created by the growth policy. See discussion under Criterion 1(a) above. The planning process refers to high level various policies to identify community priorities. In Bozeman’s case, those policies consistently emphasize quality of development, infill in a manner that allows for additional intensification over time, connecting land development to other community priorities like multi-modal transportation, cost efficient user-pays provision of facilities, and reasonable incremental development at the City edge. These and other policies influence the layout of the future land use map. The City creates standards under items 1 through 3; when one district is adjacent to another and is consistent with the growth policy, any physical conflicts will be minimal, if present at all. The City’s zoning policy encourages continued development of mixed uses. This is seen in the older areas of the City, which were built before zoning. The City uses the broad scope of its development standards to enable differing uses to be successful near each other. This shows on the zoning map where districts providing a wide diversity of uses are intermixed. PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 67 (d) The character of the district and its peculiar suitability for particular uses; and The second element of this guideline reflects the application of the statutory criteria to a wide diversity of purposes and communities. Some land has a unique physical attribute that makes it more appropriate for one use than another. That attribute may be inherent in the land itself or due to proximity to something else. For example, the City’s land adjacent to the East Gallatin River is well suited for the Parks and Open Lands and the Public Institutions districts because it supports both recreational functions in Story Mill Park and an essential water treatment role at the Water Reclamation Facility. The character of a district is seen from two different viewpoints. First, when considering an amendment to the text, the integration of a proposed change is evaluated with the other standards, purposes, and criteria of site review. If the new change conflicts with other text, then the new change should be rejected, or other revisions made, so that the overall standards for a given district support one another. Second, when considering an amendment to the zoning map both the actual and possible built environment are evaluated. If the amendment is accompanying an annexation request there is often a substantial change in use that will occur. In this case, the Commission must look at what the growth policy recommends for the area, as there is less built context to provide guidance. A zoning district change for land already within the City requires greater consideration of the current actual and possible environment. Most of Bozeman has zoning that allows more development than the current owners utilize. This reflects many personal preferences and economic decisions. There is no specified distance in state law or local code outside of the boundary of a map amendment that describes the “district” to be considered. The City provides direct notice to landowners out to 200 feet from the outer boundary of the area to be given a new zoning designation by the map amendment. This is notice, not the distance that dictates the extent of the analysis. Impacts from a zoning change may be less or more than 200 feet depending on the nature of the change and what already exists. State law recognizes that persons owning land within 150 feet have a unique interest in the decision to rezone and gives them the ability to protest the zoning. It is notable that the protest does not stop a rezoning, but requires a greater majority of the Commission to approve. If there is adequate reason for the change, it can go forward. Nothing in the zoning amendment or site review criteria requires the Commission restrict one owner because an adjacent owner chooses to not use all zoning potential. The City is not obligated to enforce or recognize any privately imposed restrictions, such as a covenant, on land. Such restrictions are not subject to the same public notice or participation requirements as City actions. Landowners have both rights and obligations. To find that an amendment application should be approved, the application materials and review need show the amendment meets the required criteria for approval. This is a very site specific evaluation and may consider but is not obligated to give preference to what adjacent owners have chosen to do with their property. When evaluating compliance 68 BOZEMANMT 2020 COMMUNITY PLAN with criteria, it is appropriate to consider all the options allowed by the requested district and not only what the present applicant describes as their intensions. The City Commission must consider several items in its decision on a zone map amendment. First, the Commission must consider the nature of the dominant uses allowed in a district compared with adjacent properties. For example, are they both residential or is one residential and another non-residential. Bozeman has an existing pattern of diverse zoning districts in proximity to each other. Second, the Commission should consider differences in allowed intensity between the districts such as differences in height, setbacks, or lot coverage. The greater the difference the more likely conflict is possible. An incremental change between two similar districts may, for example, have the same setbacks and very similar maximum heights. Next, the Commission must decide whether a larger community benefit exists such as locating a fire station where it will serve the adjacent property but is different from the surrounding zoning. Finally, the Commission must ask what separates one zone from another. The City strives to locate zoning boundaries along visible and natural dividing lines such as streets, trail corridors, creeks, or parks. At a minimum, zoning boundaries should follow property boundaries. The greater the physical separation, the less likely there may be a conflict. For example, a local street, typically 60 feet wide, when combined with the standards for site development, is generally considered an adequate separation—even for substantially different districts. (e) Conserving the value of buildings and encouraging the most appropriate use of land throughout the jurisdictional area. There are two elements to this guideline. First, conserving the value of buildings applies to changes that may lessen the functional utility of a property. Changes that increase opportunities on a property are unlikely to fail this test. Some reduction in value can happen with adequate justification. Requiring a development to mitigate impacts on its site that lowers development potential is acceptable. The need for that mitigation must be demonstrated. Assertions that allowing a more intensive zoning may lessen values on adjacent properties is best addressed under the guideline regarding the character of the district. The financial value of land changes constantly based on many factors. Properties considered undesirable at one time may be sought after as circumstances change or the reverse. Value may be primarily in the eye of the beholder and not supported by neutral and objective evaluation. There is no defined decline in financial value or utility that proves an automatic failure of this guideline. Encouraging the most appropriate use of land connects back to criterion 1(a) and the growth policy and guideline 2(d) and peculiar suitability for particular uses. The future land use map and policies of the growth policy should merge to establish priorities for land use that consider whether a given location is genuinely unique. There are circumstances where combinations of uses, such as high density housing close to employment, community amenities, and transportation, reinforce each other. PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 69 PUBLIC REVIEW AND HEARING PROCEDURES An amendment to the zoning text or map can be initiated by a property owner or by the City Commission. Division 38.260, BMC has the requirements for initiating an amendment. A general outline of the public hearing process for an application follows. As a legislative process, the City Commission has discretion in making their decision. An important part of the amendment review process is the opportunity to offer comments on the proposal. Any interested person or group may give comments. The public hearing process formally provides this opportunity. Persons for, against, or merely seeking information about the proposal may submit comments to the appointed or elected officials who must review the request. The required public hearings on a zoning amendment are by the Zoning Commission and the City Commission. The Zoning Commission gives a recommendation to the City Commission regarding the proposed amendment’s compliance with the review criteria. The typical format for a public hearing on a zoning amendment follows: 1. The public hearing is advertised as required by state law and Division 38.220 of the City of Bozeman Municipal Code. Written public comments may be submitted to the City prior to the beginning of the public hearing. 2. The public hearing will be conducted at the time and place advertised. 3. A report on the review by the Department of Community Development, including an analysis of compliance with the growth policy, review criteria, and a recommendation of approval or denial is provided. 4. Presentation by applicant and applicant’s representative(s). In the event the amendment is initiated by the City, this is usually the same as step 3 above. 5. Questions from the City Commission or Zoning Commission to staff or applicant 6. The public hearing is opened with persons able to speak for, against, or to seek additional information from the applicant or staff. A time limit may be established for each speaker. Commenters may also submit comments in writing. The public is encouraged to provide in their comments a factual basis related to specific review criteria for their support or opposition to an amendment. 7. When all persons have had opportunity to speak, the public hearing will be closed and the City Commission or Zoning Commission will then return discussion of the project to themselves. They will evaluate the application materials, the staff report, public written and spoken testimony, and the amendment review criteria and procedures. The City Commission or Zoning Commission may inquire of staff, applicants, or the public for clarification or additional information in order to complete their evaluation. 8. A majority of a Zoning Commission quorum is adequate to render a decision. The Zoning Commission forwards a recommendation to the City Commission. 9. After the City Commission has conducted their public hearing, they make their decision on the record established during the public hearing. This includes the application materials, staff report, Zoning Commission recommendation, public comments, and all other relevant material presented during the review. 10. When the City Commission has rendered their decision the process for a formal two- step ordinance adoption as required in state law is required before any amendment is final. An approval or denial of amendment may be appealed to District Court after a final decision has been rendered. Appeals are subject to the requirements of state law. 70 BOZEMANMT 2020 COMMUNITY PLAN PLANNING BOARD DRAFT, 10 AUGUST 2020 71 72 BOZEMANMT 2020 COMMUNITY PLAN