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Home My WebLink AboutSupplement 10-28-19-191027-Bozeman_DraftPlan_hh-clean-Compare Deleted: ¶BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶Front End | Page 6¶Preliminary Draft Plan, V5 for City of Bozeman Staff & Planning Board Review | 26 September 2019¶ SIGNATURE PAGE This certifies that the Bozeman Community Plan has been duly adopted by the Bozeman City Commission by City of Bozeman Resolution No. ____, dated ___________. BOZEMAN CITY COMMISSION _________________________ Mayor Cyndy Andrus Deputy Mayor Chris Mehl Commissioner Terry Cunningham Commissioner Jeff Krauss Commissioner I-Ho Pomeroy BOZEMAN PLANNING BOARD Henry (Hap) Happel, Chair Chris Mehl, Commission Liaison Cathy Costakis Mark Egge Jennifer Madgic Gerald (Jerry) Pape, Jr. Paul Spitler George Thompson Lauren Waterton Deleted: Happell Deleted: ¶BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶Front End | Page 6¶Preliminary Draft Plan, V5 for City of Bozeman Staff & Planning Board Review | 26 September 2019¶ ACKNOWLEDGMENTS City of Bozeman City Commission Mayor Cyndy Andrus Deputy Mayor Chris Mehl Commissioner Terry Cunningham Commissioner Jeff Krauss Commissioner I-Ho Pomeroy City of Bozeman Planning Board Henry (Hap) Happel, Chair Chris Mehl, Commission Liaison Cathy Costakis Mark Egge Jennifer Madgic Gerald (Jerry) Pape, Jr. Paul Spitler George Thompson Lauren Waterton Brianne Dugan, Past Member John Lavey, Past Member Jordan Zignego, Past Member City of Bozeman Staff Martin Matsen, Director Chris Saunders, Community Development Manager Tom Rogers, Senior Planner Consultant Team Logan Simpson Leland Consulting Special thanks to the community members who participated in the process and contributed to the development of the Community Plan. Deleted: Happell Deleted: ¶BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶Front End | Page 6¶Preliminary Draft Plan, V5 for City of Bozeman Staff & Planning Board Review | 26 September 2019¶ CONTENTS [to be inserted after Plan details are agreed to] Deleted: Signature Page 2¶Bozeman City Commission 2¶Bozeman Planning Board 2¶Acknowledgments 3¶Contents 4¶Tables and Figures 6¶EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1¶Background 1¶CHAPTER 1 | FOUNDATION 1¶Foundation 1¶Existing Guidance 3¶Engagement and Process 5¶Plan Structure 7¶Future Land Use 8¶CHAPTER 2 | IMPLEMENTATION 1¶Importance 1¶Resilience 1¶Action Plan 1¶CHAPTER 3 | THE SHAPE OF THE CITY 1¶Importance 1¶Goals, Objectives, and Actions 1¶Other Relevant Plans/Links to Plans 3¶CHAPTER 4 | A CITY OF NEIGHBORHOODS 1¶Importance 1¶Goals, Objectives, and Actions 1¶Other Relevant Plans/Links to Plans 3¶CHAPTER 5 | A CITY BOLSTERED BY DOWNTOWN AND COMPLEMENTARY DISTRICTS 1¶Importance 1¶Goals, Objectives, and Actions 1¶Other Relevant Plans/Links to Plans 3¶ Page Break¶CHAPTER 6 | A CITY INFLUENCED BY OUR NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, PARKS, AND OPEN SPACE 1¶Importance 1¶Goals, Objectives, And Actions 1¶Other Relevant Plans/Links to Plans 3¶CHAPTER 7 | A CITY THAT PRIORITIZES ACCESSIBILITY AND MOBILITY CHOICES 1¶Importance 1¶Goals, Objectives, and Actions 1¶Other Relevant Plans/Links to Plans 3¶CHAPTER 8 | A CITY POWERED BY ITS CREATIVE, INNOVATIVE, AND ENTREPRENEURIAL ECONOMY 1¶Importance 1¶Goals, Objectives, and Actions 1¶Other Relevant Plans/Links to Plans 2¶CHAPTER 9 | A CITY ENGAGED IN REGIONAL COORDINATION 1¶Importance 1¶Goals, Objectives and Actions 1¶Other Relevant Plans/Links to Plans 3¶CHAPTER 10 | AMENDMENTS AND REVIEW 1¶... Deleted: ¶BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶Front End | Page 6¶Preliminary Draft Plan, V5 for City of Bozeman Staff & Planning Board Review | 26 September 2019¶ TABLES AND FIGURES [To Be Completed and Automated] Deleted: ¶BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶Executive Summary | Page 3¶Preliminary Draft Plan, V4 for City of Bozeman Staff & Planning Board Review | 23 September 2019¶ INTRODUCTION Set an a broad, agriculturally rich valley, surrounded by mountains and blessed with numerous waterways flowing from them, Bozeman has grown over the last 150 years from a muddy cow town to one of the most remarkable and livable micropolitan areas in the United States. Desirable amenities, such as immediate access to year-round recreation, high-quality education, a growing high-tech culture, and wise City policies have all contributed to increasingly high rates of development, employment, and population growth. Bozeman now has a population of approximately 50,000 people, up from 22,660 in the year 1990, making it the fourth largest City in Montana. The City is home to a major university, is a growing regional healthcare hub, serves as the major trading center for a large expanse of western Montana, has a sophisticated and growing high tech industry, and is a renowned summer and winter recreational center that attracts ________ thousands of visitors annually. [insert callout with the expected 2040 population (from the EPS study, and note that this is a projection and not a forecast)] Bozeman’s high rate of growth and changing economics, rapid development in surrounding Gallatin County, and the state statute mandating that communities keep their community plans up to date, all make it necessary to draft a new Community Plan. The City has had five community plans dating back to 1958, the most recent being its 2009 plan. Each plan builds from the others, reflecting the community’s vision and needs as deemed appropriate at a given point in time. This Community Plan (the Plan) is a fundamental policy document guiding further growth and community development in Bozeman. The Plan reflects our community’s shared values and priorities. The Plan is the city’s long-range comprehensive plan (or growth policy) that meets the statutory requirements per MCA 76-1-601. It sets forth Bozeman’s future growth policy for land use and development. The purpose of the Plan is to guide the City’s community planning and to evaluate and prioritize City actions moving forward. This Plan helps guide citizens, City staff, and elected officials’ decisions. Its measure of success is continuation of the Bozeman tradition – an incredibly flourishing place to reside, visit, build a business, and raise a family. The City as an institution will Deleted: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY¶BACKGROUND¶FOUNDED IN 1864 Deleted: incorporated in 1883 Deleted: become Deleted: fastest growing Deleted: city Deleted: and Deleted: over 48 Deleted: city Deleted: It is expected the City will exceed 50,000 and become a metropolitan area with the 2020 US Census. Deleted: also known as a Deleted: a gateway community to both Yellowstone and Glacier National Parks, as well as several world- Deleted: ski areas. The Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport (BZN) and the City’s location adjacent to Interstate-90 make it accessible to world-class recreation, scenic views, and a bustling, historic downtown. Deleted: What Is The Plan?¶The Formatted: Indent: Left: 0" Deleted: Bozeman’s Deleted: land use, Deleted: resilience, Deleted: community annexation decisions and will also be used Deleted: city Deleted: and land development Deleted: , with periodic reviews and updates at least every five years. Moved (insertion) [1] Deleted: ¶BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... undertake many actions to implement the Plan. The residents and businesses in the City through their aspirations and hard work will carry out the Plan. Deleted: The Formatted: Pattern: Clear (White) Deleted: is important to:¶ Formatted: Pattern: Clear (White) Deleted: , business owners as they are provided direction on important issues ranging from development, policies, Formatted: Pattern: Clear (White) Deleted: services, to future land use and locations of recreation, housing, and community facilities. ¶city officials as they look to this Plan for guidance on city finances, land use, development review, annexation decisions, and infrastructure improvements. ¶Importance¶A high rate of development, changing economic conditions, and maturing nearby communities make it necessary to update the 2009 Plan. Prior to the current Plan, Formatted: Pattern: Clear (White) Deleted: had prepared five others, dating back to 1958. The Community Plan presents a shared vision that is built upon recently completed efforts in conjunction with a framework of city goals and objectives. The Plan is a tool for implementing and monitoring the achievement of the established goals and objectives. ¶Plan Development¶Developing Bozeman’s Community Plan relied on extensive public outreach and measurable involvement from both the Planning Board and City Commission to consistently guide the process towards a high-quality, actionable plan that accurately reflects Bozeman’s vision. ¶... Formatted: Pattern: Clear (White) Deleted: online questionnaires, along with Planning Board and City Commission meetings laid the groundwork for the development of the seven ... Formatted: Pattern: Clear (White) Deleted: in this Plan. The Themes are outlined below, and can be found in more detail in Chapters Three through Nine Formatted: Pattern: Clear (White) Deleted: Plan Structure¶ Themes¶... Formatted: Normal Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... CHAPTER 1 | BASICS ORGANIZATION The Plan is organized into five main sections: Basics, Themes, Land Use Map, Implementation, and Amendments and Review, along with Appendices that provide additional details. Chapter 1: Basics, outlines the organization of this Plan, describes the Planning Area and the Planning Period, provides an overview of the public outreach process and existing conditions, and sets forth existing guidance from the City’s Strategic Plan and relationships with other City planning documents. Most importantly, at the end, it summarizes the major thrust of the recommendations in this Plan and discusses these in the context of several of the issues of most importance to Bozeman residents. Chapter 2: Themes, sets forth Plan goals and objectives, existing conditions, and framework maps that show key opportunity areas related to each theme. Chapter 3: Future Land Use, sets forth and discusses Bozeman’s Future Land Use Map Chapter 4: Implementation, details a monitoring program that will be used to track the progress toward meeting the community’s vision through key progress indicators. Chapter 5: Amendments and Review, contains information pertaining to proposed amendments to the Plan, proposed zoning amendments, and the subdivision review process. Appendix A: Engagement and Process to Create the Plan Appendix B: Implementation Report Appendix C: Infrastructure Plans Appendix D: Inventory Report Appendix E: Projections Report PLANNING AREA Bozeman’s Planning Area (the Planning Area), the subject of this Plan, is the area co- terminus with the City’s future municipal sewer and water service boundary. It covers the City of Bozeman as well as a half-mile to two-mile area around but outside the City. The Planning Area is nearly 70.8 square miles. The City’s current footprint is 20.4 Deleted: FOUNDATION Moved (insertion) [2] Formatted: Heading 1, No bullets or numbering Deleted: FOUNDATION¶ Formatted: Body Text Moved up [2]: PLANNING AREA ¶ Deleted: BPA) Deleted: a set boundary coordinated Deleted: and Deleted: BPA Deleted: – the city Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... square miles. The focus of this Plan is inward. However, as Bozeman continues to grow, future development will inevitably occur within this growth area. [Insert diagrammatic map of both boundaries] PLANNING TIME HORIZON The time horizon for this Plan is 20 years, i.e. until 2040. This time horizon is referred to in this Plan as the “Planning Period.” PUBLIC OUTREACH Developing Bozeman’s Community Plan involved extensive public outreach and involvement from both the Planning Board and City Commission to guide the process. The development of the Plan took place through four distinct phases. The community was provided with many opportunities throughout to voice their opinion through a wide range of outlets, including large-scale community events, small group listening sessions, stakeholder interviews, and a series of progressive, easy-to-use online surveys. These events were advertised through social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, as well as on the City’s website and calendar. Additionally, postcards and flyers were handed out and posted throughout the community to encourage high levels of participation and to increase overall awareness. Appendix A sets forth in more detail the process by which the City and its residents developed this Plan. [Insert graphic overall process chart] Deleted: as of September 2019.¶The BPA exists for the purpose of intergovernmental coordination and community vision in support of appropriate, directed growth in the future. As Deleted: responsibly Deleted: to accommodate new residents Moved (insertion) [3] Moved up [3]: [Insert diagrammatic map of both boundaries]¶ Deleted: OVERVIEW OF Formatted: Heading 1 Deleted: Extensive public engagement is a crucial component to any growth policy update process. The Community Plan update Formatted: Body Text Deleted: the update process Deleted: such as; Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... EXISTING CONDITIONS [Insert infographics for key statistics throughout the following section] Population Bozeman’s estimated 2018 population (48,105) was more than double the City’s population in 1990 (22,660). The median age of Bozeman residents is 27.9 years old, which can partially be attributed to the enrollment of over 16,900 students at Montana State University. Over fifty-five percent of City residents have a bachelor’s degree or higher, in comparison to the national average of thirty percent. The City is projected to grow by nearly 27,000 people through the year 2045. Net migration accounted for seventy-five percent of Gallatin County’s population change between 2010 and 2017. A high rate of net migration indicates an area that is a desirable place to live in and also a sign of a thriving economy. Employment Bozeman’s largest employer is Montana State University, with over 3,000 full and part-time employees. Gallatin County has experienced employment growth rate of over four percent per annum since 2010, adding 12,000 jobs, with eighty percent of the growth occurring in the City of Bozeman. Income The median household income in Bozeman is $49,217, but the median household income for homeowners in Bozeman is $79,662 and the median household income for renters is $35,012. This disparity probably reflects to some extent as well the impact of MSU students on Bozeman statistical averages. Housing About 45 percent of households in the City own their homes. The median sale price of homes, including single-unit homes, townhomes and condominiums, was $385,000 in 2018, an increase of 75 percent since 2012. During this same period, the consumer price index rose _____ percent and the cost of homes nationwide rose ________ percent. Twenty-four percent of homeowners are “cost burdened,” paying thirty percent or more of their income towards rent or mortgage payments, while fifty-five percent of renters are cost-burdened. In the U.S. as a whole, 22.5 percent of Formatted: Heading 1 Deleted: , which experienced a near four percent growth rate since between 2009 and 2016, which has since tapered off to between 1 to 2 percent since. Additionally, over Deleted: Bachelor’s Degree Deleted: Education, healthcare, and social assistance jobs account for 28.6% of the workforce, followed by arts, entertainment, recreation, food services, and the retail trade. Deleted: for a total of Deleted: job Deleted: % since 2012 Deleted: , or Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... homeowners were cost burdened in 2017, the last year for which such statistics are available. This equates to about 9,200 owner-occupied households in 2018. Between 2010 and fall 2018, forty-three percent of housing units built were multi-unit (3+), forty-one percent were single-unit, fourteen percent townhomes and duplexes, and two percent were accessory dwelling units (ADUs). Forty-one percent of homes in Bozeman are single-detached, compared to nearly seventy percent in Montana and sixty-two percent at the national level. There is an estimated demand for over 12,700 new residences in Bozeman by the year 2045 to compensate for current shortfall and the projected population increase. Transportation Bozeman residents have access to a range of transportation options, such as the six routes offered by Streamline Bus service, Galavan transportation service for seniors and disabled individuals, and the bike network, which consists of 18 miles of bike routes, 33 miles of bike lanes, and 23 miles of shared-use paths. Seventy percent of Bozeman commuters drive alone, sixteen percent walk or ride a bike, six percent work from home, and less than one percent use public transit. The average commute time, which has been increasing, is approximately fourteen and a half minutes, compared to the state average of eighteen minutes and the national average of twenty-six minutes. Growth Bozeman’s land area is growing in addition to its population. Since 1988, Bozeman has annexed more than 6,650 acres of land, or about 10.3 square miles – more than doubling its size. The projected land demand over the Planning Period, based on estimated population growth, ranges from 3,820 acres to 5,716 acres, depending on levels of density in future residential developments. Faster rates of population growth will require additional area. [insert infographic of annexed acreage by year (i.e. 1988 = 5,903 acres; 1990 = 6,530] A much more detailed description of Bozeman’s existing conditions can be found in Appendix D. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER PLANS The Bozeman Strategic Plan is the overarching statement of policy for the City. It was adopted by the City Commission on March 5, 2018 after a 24-month process of Deleted: About 45% of households in the City own their homes. Deleted: four Deleted: growing Deleted: , and 92 miles of unpaved trails. Sidewalks are included along nearly all streets within the City Deleted: of commuters Deleted: Bozeman is expanding its long established interconnected road network. The City has limited the size of its major streets to not larger than five lanes to prevent the streets from being barriers to pedestrians. The City requires pedestrian and bicycle facilities with all streets.¶ Deleted: growth Deleted: planning period Deleted: EXISTING GUIDANCE¶ Formatted: Heading 1 Formatted: Indent: Left: 0" Deleted: by Resolution 4852 Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... community discussion and evaluation. The Strategic Plan provides direction for this Community Plan primarily through its Vision Statement entitled A Well-Planned City. This Vision Statement focuses on balanced growth, high quality planning and design, strategic infrastructure choices, districts, and neighborhood centers. The Strategic Plan also provides direction through its Vision Statements entitled A Sustainable Environment, An Innovative Economy, and A High Performance Organization. The seven Themes in this Plan further the goals of the Strategic Plan. [Insert table/ chart of the Strategic Plan Vision Statement vs. Themes] The Community Plan is also influenced by and will influence a number of other local plans, guidelines, policies, and manuals. These are intended to be used together to achieve a set of community goals while minimizing redundancies, and include the Transportation Master Plan, neighborhood plans such as the Downtown Bozeman Improvement Plan, and the City’s various water-related plans. [Insert revised gear diagram] Current Topic Plans-[reorder in order of importance] • Downtown Improvement Plan – 2019 • Housing Needs Assessment – 2019 • Stormwater Management Plan – 2019 • Cemetery Master Plan Update – 2018 • Gallatin County Hazard Mitigation Plan and Community Wildfire Protection Plan (draft) – 2019 • Drought Management Plan – 2017 • Fire and EMS Master Plan – 2017 • Midtown Action Plan – 2017 • Transportation Master Plan – 2017: • Water Facility Plan Update – 2017 • Downtown Strategic Parking Management Plan – 2016 • Economic Development Strategy Update – 2016 • Urban Forestry Management Plan – 2016 Deleted: The Strategic Plan provides an overarching Vision and details seven priorities for how Bozeman operates and interacts with its citizens and other community partners. ¶ This Community Plan is the primary guidance document looking into greater details regarding land use planning and related municipal utility and other issues affecting the use of land.¶The Community Plan is influenced by a series of other local plans, guidelines, policies, and manuals. These plans are intended to be used together to achieve a set of community goals while minimizing redundant language throughout, and include such plans as the Transportation Master Plan, neighborhood plans such as the Downtown Bozeman Improvement Plan, and Unified Development Code Moved down [4]: .¶[Insert revised gear diagram]¶ Deleted: Alignment with the Strategic Plan ¶ Deleted: the Deleted: : Deleted: highlight each of those components and incorporates Deleted: and objectives related to achieving success Formatted: Indent: Left: 0" Moved (insertion) [4] Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... • Neighborhood Conservation Overlay District (NCOD) – 2019 • Wastewater Collection Facilities Plan Update – 2015 • Gallatin Triangle Planning Study – 2014 • Community Transportation Safety Plan – 2013 • Integrated Water Resources Plan – 2013 • Integrated Water Resources Implementation Plan – 2013 • Bozeman Creek Enhancement Plan – 2012 • Community Climate Action Plan – 2011 • Stormwater Facilities Plan – 2008 • Parks, Recreation, Open Space, and Trails Plan – 2007 • Bozeman Creek Neighborhood Plan – 2005 Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... BASIC PLANNING PRECEPTS City Responsibilities The City’s primary function is to provide a safe, healthy, and high-quality environment that supports the physical, social and economic welfare of its citizens. For our community to continue to prosper, everyone needs equitable access to opportunities to advance their well-being regardless of their circumstances. The way we shape our community through our development patterns, transportation systems, housing options, economic opportunities and green spaces can contribute to the well-being of our citizens or it can make it harder for people to live healthy and successful lives. Resident Desires Residents have consistently stated a desire for safe and accessible streets where people can get around by walking, bicycling, transit as well as by driving. They want to live in walkable neighborhoods where they have easy access to everyday services, employment opportunities, healthy and affordable food, recreation and social gathering places. Housing affordability is a top concern and citizens of all ages, abilities and income levels require a diversity of housing types to meet their specific needs. Open space, parks, trails and the preservation of local agriculture were also high priorities. City’s Role The City contributes to these goals by providing infrastructure, public services, and design standards to shape the fabric of our community. It is worth emphasizing that the vast majority of the future built environment will be designed, paid for, and constructed by the private sector. Development occurs most efficiently and with best results when the public and private sectors can work together to achieve mutually compatible goals. Principles Applied in this Plan Drawing on best land use practices, community input, Bozeman’s planning experience, and the ideas set forth above and discussed in the Themes, the following principles have been used to prepare the goals and objectives in this Plan, and the land use designations, policies, and map: • Urban design should integrate residential and commercial land use activities, multimodal transportation, and open spaces. • Variety in housing and employment opportunities is essential for a healthy community. • Land use designations must respond to a broad range of factors, including infrastructure, natural, and economic constraints, other community priorities, and expectations concerning private development. Deleted: Engagement and Process Moved down [5]: ¶Residents, stakeholders, and public officials shaped this Community Plan Deleted: through thoughtful input, participation, and enthusiasm throughout the progressive four-phase update process. ¶ Moved down [6]: [Insert graphic process with key dates, and photos of engagement events]¶Phase One | Foundation¶The Foundation Phase engaged the community and determined what people love about Bozeman, what people believe could be improved about Bozeman, and their vision for Bozeman’s future. Deleted: Additionally, other questions were developed to get a sense of where respondents live within the region, how long they have been residents, and their ages. ¶Responses indicated that Bozeman’s outdoor lifestyle, small town feel while in a city Moved down [7]: environment, and high quality of life were the three aspects of the City that people loved the most. ¶ Deleted: When asked about the desired future of Bozeman, people envisioned a larger, high-tech city with a variety of attainable housing options and a multimodal transportation system. Moved down [8]: ¶[Insert two-page spread of photos and numbers from August 2018 community events, with key quotes and developed word clouds]¶Phase Two | Analysis + Vision¶ Deleted: Planning Week Two built upon the high levels of engagement in Phase One and refined the seven ... Moved down [9]: Furthermore, participants were asked to consider opportunities that can help the City realize its vision. ¶ Deleted: planning efforts.¶ Moved down [10]: [Insert two-page spread of photos and numbers from community events, along with highlights from the Phase summary]¶ Deleted: 230 people took part in the online survey and in addition to the opportunities Moved down [11]: mentioned above, increasing density, preserving open space, and establishing multimodal connections were suggested.¶ Deleted: plan. Community comments provided throughout the first three phases were incorporated into the final plan document which included specific ... Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... • Transportation infrastructure is vital in supporting desired land use patterns and therefore the two must be coordinated. Future infrastructure should pivot away from emphasis on automobiles in favor of interconnected multimodal transportation networks (e.g. infrastructure for bicycle, pedestrian, and transit modes of transport in addition to automobiles). • Development should be compact and serve a variety of housing needs. • Diverse uses of land should occur relatively close to one another. • Bozeman needs to build sustainably. • Developments should be integrated into the larger community rather than being unconnected standalone projects. • The needs of new and existing development coexist and they should remain in balance. • Infill development and redevelopment should be encouraged, but incremental compact outward growth is a necessary part of the continuing growth of the City. • Open spaces, including parks, trails, and other gathering places, should be in convenient locations to those they serve. Quality and function is superior to quantity alone. Growth Bozeman’s employment, population, and built environment have been growing at a very rapid rate the last few years. This has created enormous benefits for the community. It has, however, also led to growing pains—higher housing costs, increased traffic, and a lessening of the community’s “small town feel.” The City’s response to this is to pursue policies that mitigate these growing pains. These policies are described above and throughout this Plan. Housing Affordability Housing affordability in Bozeman deserves special mention. The price of land and housing is an issue that ultimately impacts us all. It was one of the top topics of concerns from individuals participating in the Plan update. The City recognizes this issue is complex, is heavily influenced by economic factors outside its control, and has no easy solutions. Bozeman has taken the issue seriously through development of a housing needs assessment in 2019, the hiring of a housing coordinator, and the development of a Community Housing Action Plan which was released to the public for comment in October, 2019 and finalized __________. The Housing Action Plan has as its objectives Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... i) ensuring that community housing serves the full range of incomes without losing sight of safety net programs for extremely low income and homeless families; ii) producing community housing at a rate that exceeds or at least matches job growth; and iii) striving to produce community housing at a rate that matches the spectrum of community housing needs. The Housing Plan identifies 17 priority action strategies to be utilized over the next 5 years in an effort to accomplish these objectives. Because affordable housing is the subject of this detailed Housing Action Plan, this Plan does not address affordable housing issues in detail. However, zoning and land use regulations are processes that clearly impact the cost of housing. This Plan supports efforts to deal with housing costs through the encouragement of regulations and processes that allow a range of housing types intermixed with one another in a given neighborhood, denser development, and efficiencies of various types that can help reduce housing costs. CHAPTER 2 | THEMES Seven Themes describe the community-derived desired outcomes from this Plan. The Themes contain objectives and actions meant to guide the City towards its vision. These are meant to evolve as the City grows, allowing the City to incorporate new objectives as relevant factors change. The Themes, described in detail below, are: • THE SHAPE OF THE CITY; • A CITY OF NEIGHBORHOODS; • A CITY BOLSTERED BY DOWNTOWN AND COMPLEMENTARY DISTRICTS; • A CITY INFLUENCED BY OUR NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, PARKS, AND OPEN SPACE; • A CITY THAT PRIORITIZES ACCESSIBILITY AND MOBILITY; • A CITY POWERED BY ITS CREATIVE, INNOVATIVE, AND ENTREPRENEURIAL ECONOMY; • A CITY ENGAGED IN REGIONAL COORDINATION. THEME ONE: THE SHAPE OF THE CITY The character of our well-planned City is defined by urban edges, a varied skyline, centers of employment and activity, pedestrian-friendly streetscapes, and easy access to the natural world. Formatted: Font: 16 pt Deleted: : Formatted: Font: 16 pt Formatted: Theme Deleted: urban Formatted: Font: 16 pt Formatted: Font: 16 pt Formatted: Font: 16 pt Deleted: integration with Formatted: Font: 16 pt Deleted: landscape that surrounds us. Formatted: Font: 16 pt IMPORTANCE Part of the appeal of Bozeman is its distinct character. A portion of this character comes from the natural setting of the town. Bozeman’s character also includes the sense of place created by constructed landmarks such as Downtown and the MSU campus. Preserving Bozeman as a unique place rather than “Anywhere, USA” is important. There is increasing evidence that sense of place is an important influence on economic development and overall community health. Deleted: A City of Neighborhoods: Moved down [12]: Our City is diverse and inclusive, Formatted ... Deleted: A City Bolstered by Downtown and ... Moved down [13]: Our City fosters the close proximity of Formatted ... Deleted: A City Powered by its Creative, Innovative, and ... Moved down [14]: Our City, and all residents benefit Formatted ... Deleted: A City Engaged in Regional ... Deleted: as a whole and within regions of the ... Deleted: Recognition and stewardship of the unique ... Moved down [15]: There is strong public support for ... Moved down [16]: As the population of Bozeman Deleted: The neighborhood commercial/activity center ... Moved down [17]: Land Use Descriptions for Use on Deleted: The future land use map locates seven land ... Moved down [18]: While the land use categories are Deleted: ¶... Moved down [19]: In limited instances, an area may ... Moved down [20]: Application of a zoning district to ... Moved down [21]: [Insert photos of existing ... Moved down [22]: ¶ Moved down [23]: detached single-unit dwellings, Moved down [24]: All uses should complement Moved down [25]: areas should have access on Moved down [26]: ¶ Moved down [27]: This area has an extensive Moved down [28]: The intensity of development is Moved down [29]: ¶ Moved down [30]: Density is expected to be higher Moved down [31]: should typically be located on Moved down [32]: Higher intensity employment Moved down [33]: by providing a visible and Moved down [34]: ¶ Moved down [35]: manufacturing, warehousing, Moved down [36]: Careful consideration must be Moved down [40]: As the growth policy is updated, Moved down [41]: For information on Moved down [42]: 7. Currently Inappropriate for Urban Moved down [43]: [placeholder for flu map TBD]¶ Moved down [44]: Implementation and Monitoring ¶ Moved down [45]: [insert discussion on indicators Moved down [46]: Monitoring provides information Moved up [1]: Its measure of success is Moved down [47]: MONITORING AND UPDATES¶ Moved down [48]: ¶ Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... The shape of the City of Bozeman provides residents and visitors variety when moving amongst its streets, bike paths, and trails. This variety is often noted as an important part of Bozeman’s unique character. You can experience open, agricultural, and recreational spaces just minutes apart from dense, urban corridors, all from the seat of Deleted: City Expansion ... Moved down [51]: Meeting with City of Belgrade and Gallatin County Planning Staff Deleted: CHAPTER 3 | THE SHAPE OF THE CITY¶The urban character of our well-planned City is defined by urban edges, varied skyline, pedestrian-friendly streetscapes, and integration with the natural landscape that surrounds us.¶IMPORTANCE¶The City’s primary function is to provide a safe, healthy, and high quality environment for its citizens. Residents have consistently stated a desire for excellent streets meeting adopted levels of service, buildings, and neighborhoods as well as stewardship of the natural environment in compliance with all permitting standards. The City contributes to these goals by providing infrastructures, public services, and design standards to create a framework within which citizens pursue their individual aspirations.¶ Deleted: is varied and Deleted: , alleys, and bike routes Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... your bike, your car, the bus, or on your feet. As Bozeman continues to evolve, promoting this landscape diversity will be important to maintaining the “Bozeman feel” that so many people know and love. Community development oriented on centers of employment and activity shorten travel distances and encourage multi-modal transportation, increase business synergies, and permit greater efficiencies in the delivery of public services. City activities all require continuous thoughtfulness and planning. Capital improvements, maintenance programs, and plan implementation tools must be regularly evaluated and updated. Ensuring a consistent set of guiding principles provides a higher level of service to citizens, minimizes contradictory or conflicting policies that waste resources, and enable a more accurate evaluation of public policies. [PLACEHOLDER FOR FRAMEWORK MAP: DIAGRAMMATIC MAP ILLUSTRATING VISION/ KEY OPPORTUNITIES] GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND ACTIONS [include callouts with indicators for each goal, typical] Goal SC-1: Continue to encourage Bozeman’s sense of place. Objectives and Actions: a) Through civic action, continue to recognize and honor the unique history and buildings that contribute to Bozeman’s sense of place. b) Encourage the incorporation of features in both public and private projects that will provide organization, structure and landmarks as Bozeman grows. . Goal SC-2: Encourage growth throughout the City, while increasing a pattern of community development oriented on centers of employment and activity. Support a gradual increase in intensity within developed areas. Objectives and Actions:: a) Coordinate infrastructure development and other goals with community planning. Deleted: into the future Deleted: a varied Deleted: home to economic, recreational, and residential opportunities with skylines hosting appropriately-scaled buildings in tandem with open, green agricultural spaces is Deleted: Goal SC-1: Ensure that all city actions support continued development of the City, consistent with its adopted plans and standards.¶ Formatted: Font color: Accent 1 Formatted: Objectives, Indent: First line: 0.5" Formatted: Font color: Accent 1 Deleted: Enhance collaboration between city agencies to ensure quality design and innovation across the Formatted: Numbered + Level: 1 + Numbering Style:a, b, c, … + Start at: 1 + Alignment: Left + Aligned at: 0.94" + Indent at: 1.19" Deleted: realm.¶Seek opportunities to develop reasonable and relevant metrics for land use Deleted: development within the City’s planning area to determine whether the intent of this plan is being accomplished.¶Prioritize human well-being and health over the near- and long-term in the creation and implementation of land development standards.¶Actions:¶Update the Unified Development Code (UDC) to:¶Implement a twice yearly code revision cycle to identify and make targeted revisions to keep regulations current and applicable to current and future needs.¶ Incorporate intensity of development minimums in designated growth areas, such Deleted: Downtown Deleted: <#>Review and where appropriate revise the zoning map to harmonize with the future land use map and the zoning map.¶<#>Strategically annex inholdings within the overall city boundary.¶ Formatted: Indent: Left: 0" Deleted: Distribute Deleted: including Deleted: : Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... b) Support higher density development along main corridors and high visibility street corners to accommodate population growth and support businesses. c) Review and update minimum development intensity requirements in residential and non-residential zoning districts. d) Evaluate revisions to maximum building height limits in multi- household, commercial, industrial, and mixed-use zoning districts to account for revised building methods, building code changes, and effect of incremental changes. e) Identify and zone appropriate locations for neighborhood-scale commercial development. f) Evaluate and, where appropriate, pursue coordinated improvements and facilities to mitigate development impacts for multiple developments rather than requiring each site to be fully self-supported. g) Encourage convergence of public transit routes and the placement of affordable housing developments. Goal SC-3: Ensure that all City actions support continued development of the City, consistent with its adopted Plans and standards. Objectives and Actions:: i. Enhance collaboration between City agencies to ensure quality design and innovation across the public and private realm. ii. Seek opportunities to further develop reasonable and relevant metrics for community development within the City’s Planning Area to determine whether the intent of this Plan is being accomplished. iii. Prioritize human well-being and health in the creation and implementation of land development standards. iv. Update the Unified Development Code (UDC) to: • Implement a twice-yearly code revision cycle to identify and make revisions to optimize the UDC for then current conditions. Deleted: <#>Encourage convergence of public transit routes and placement of affordable housing developments.¶ Moved down [52]: <#>Evaluate and, where appropriate, pursue coordinated improvements and facilities to mitigate development impacts for multiple developments rather than requiring each site to be fully self-supported.¶ Deleted: <#>Coordinate land use planning with infrastructure to benefit economic development and other goals.¶<#>Actions:¶ Moved down [53]: <#>Identify and zone appropriate locations for neighborhood-scale commercial development.¶ Deleted: <#> Deleted: Review and update minimum development intensity requirements in residential and non-residential zoning districts. Moved (insertion) [53] Moved (insertion) [52] Formatted: Numbered + Level: 1 + Numbering Style:a, b, c, … + Start at: 1 + Alignment: Left + Aligned at: 0.94" + Indent at: 1.19" Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... • Incorporate development minimums in designated growth areas. • Revise the zoning map to harmonize with the future land use map. OTHER RELEVANT PLANS/LINKS TO PLANS • Bozeman Strategic Plan – 2018 • Water Facility Plan Update – 2017 • Wastewater Collection Facilities Plan Update – 2015 • Downtown Improvement Plan – 2019 • Neighborhood Conservation Overlay District (NCOD) – 2019 • Parks, Recreation, Open Space, and Trails Plan – 2007 (Update Underway as of 2019) Formatted: Indent: Left: 1.5", No bullets or Formatted: Highlight Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... THEME TWO: A CITY OF NEIGHBORHOODS Our City is diverse and inclusive, defined by our commercial nodes, a variety of quality housing, walkable centers, schools, and parks. IMPORTANCE Balanced growth that incorporates commercial nodes, housing type diversity, and strategic intensity contributes to a high quality of life. Providing a variety of housing options in close proximity to educational and recreational opportunities promotes equality and inclusivity for existing and future Bozeman residents. There is strong public support for development being part of a larger whole. This idea includes strengthening existing neighborhoods through infrastructure maintenance and other actions. As the population of Bozeman grows, it is harder to keep the same “small town” feel because residents cannot be on familiar terms with everyone. The neighborhood unit helps provide the sense of familiarity and intimacy which can be lacking in larger communities. Neighborhood commercial/activity centers and local parks provide opportunities for nearby residents to interact. The ability to easily and safely walk between daily destinations, called walkability, contributes to development of interpersonal relationships and offers benefits to our health, the environment, our finances, and our communities. Development standards supporting walkable compact development improve sustainability. Each of Bozeman’s residential areas have their own unique characteristics and differing levels of mobility for different types of users (people, bikes, and cars), as well as their own architectural, recreational, and sometimes commercial features. As the City grows, supporting the variety of residential areas allows for more choice, and a larger range of pricing and size options for individuals and families across the income spectrum. [PLACEHOLDER FOR FRAMEWORK MAP: DIAGRAMMATIC MAP ILLUSTRATING VISION/ KEY OPPORTUNITIES] GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND ACTIONS Goal N-1: Support well-planned, walkable neighborhoods. [insert callout box with the definition of “walkability”] Deleted: CHAPTER 4 | Formatted: Heading 1 Formatted: Font: 16 pt Moved (insertion) [12] Formatted: Font: 16 pt Deleted: Our City is diverse and inclusive, defined by our commercial nodes, a variety of quality housing, walkable centers, schools, and parks.¶ Deleted: The ability to easily and safely walk between daily destinations, called walkability, contributes to development of interpersonal relationships, and offers benefits to our health, the environment, our finances, and our communities. Formatted: Font: Proxima Nova, 12 pt Moved (insertion) [15] Moved (insertion) [16] Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... Objectives and Actions:: a) Promote housing diversity to meet a variety of housing needs in neighborhoods, specifically including the promotion of two- and three- household townhomes and rowhouses. b) Review and where appropriate increase required minimum densities in residential districts. c) Provide a diverse zoning map to encourage a variety of different residential uses in proximity to each other. d) Promote the development of accessory dwelling units (ADUs) as a means of addressing goals surrounding affordability and density. e) Encourage neighborhood focal point development with functions, activities, and facilities which can be sustained over time. Maintain standards for placement of community focal points and services within new development. f) Maintain block and lot design standards throughout City neighborhoods. g) Install, replace, and maintain missing or damaged sidewalk elements, trails, and shared use paths. h) Ensure multimodal connections between adjacent developments so that citizens can readily travel and neighborhood identity is not based on individual subdivisions. i) Increase connectivity between parks and neighborhoods through continued trail and sidewalk development, and prioritize closing gaps within the network. Goal N-2: Pursue simultaneous emergence of commercial nodes and residential development through diverse mechanisms in appropriate locations. Objectives and Actions:: a) Ensure the zoning map identifies locations for neighborhood and community commercial nodes early in the development process. b) Encourage zoning to support higher intensity residential districts near schools, services, and transportation. c) Investigate options to encourage development of commerce concurrent with or soon after residential development. Formatted: Heading 3, No bullets or numbering Deleted: :¶Maintain block Deleted: lot design standards throughout city neighborhoods. Moved down [54]: <#>Promote the development of accessory dwelling units (ADUs) as a means of addressing goals surrounding affordability and density.¶ Formatted: Numbered + Level: 1 + Numbering Style:a, b, c, … + Start at: 1 + Alignment: Left + Aligned at: 0.94" + Indent at: 1.19" Moved down [55]: <#>Ensure multimodal connections between adjacent developments so that citizens can readily travel and neighborhood identity is not based on individual subdivisions. Deleted: <#> ¶<#>Increase connectivity between parks and neighborhoods through continued trail and sidewalk development; and prioritize closing gaps within the network.¶ Deleted: <#> to include Deleted: Actions:¶ Moved down [56]: Install, replace, and maintain missing or damaged sidewalk elements, trails, and shared use paths.¶ Moved down [57]: Maintain standards for placement of community focal points and services within new development.¶ Moved (insertion) [54] Moved (insertion) [58] Moved (insertion) [57] Moved (insertion) [56] Moved (insertion) [55] Deleted: commerce support Deleted: : Moved (insertion) [59] Moved (insertion) [60] Formatted: Numbered + Level: 1 + Numbering Style:a, b, c, … + Start at: 1 + Alignment: Left + Aligned at: 0.94" + Indent at: 1.19" Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... d) Evaluate design standards so that buildings can serve an initial residential purpose and be readily converted to commercial uses when adequate market support for commercial services exists. Goal N-3: Promote a diverse supply of quality housing units. Objectives and Actions:: a) Review and reassess the zoning map to lessen areas zoned for single- type housing. b) Evaluate establishing standards for proportion of diversity in housing type. c) Review zoning districts to assess the range of housing types in each district. d) Promote construction of accessory dwelling units (ADUs). e) Encourage distribution of affordable housing units throughout the City with priority given to locations near commercial, recreational, and transit assets. f) Incentivize development of affordable housing through coordination of infrastructure and funding. g) Discourage private covenants that restrict housing diversity or are contrary to City land development policies. h) Include adequate residentially-designated areas for anticipated future housing in the future land use map. OTHER RELEVANT PLANS/LINKS TO PLANS • Neighborhood Conservation Overlay District, Final Policy Direction – 2019 • Housing Needs Assessment – 2019 • Bozeman Creek Neighborhood Plan – 2005 • Midtown Action Plan – 2017 • Downtown Improvement Plan – 2019 Moved up [60]: <#>Investigate options to encourage development of commerce concurrent with or soon after residential development.¶ Deleted: <#>for easily adaptable buildings Deleted: <#> or revert to residential Deleted: Actions:¶ Moved up [59]: <#>Ensure the zoning map identifies locations for neighborhood and community commercial nodes early in the development process.¶ Deleted: <#>Encourage placement of zoning to support higher intensity residential districts near schools, services, and transportation.¶ Formatted: Heading 3, No bullets or numbering Deleted: :¶ Encourage distribution of affordable housing units throughout the City with priority given to locations near commercial, recreational, Deleted: transit opportunities in conjunction with economic development concerns. Moved down [61]: <#>Incentivize development of affordable housing through coordination of infrastructure and funding.¶ Moved down [62]: <#>Promote construction of accessory dwelling units (ADUs).¶ Deleted: <#>The future land use map shall include adequate residentially-designated areas for anticipated future housing.¶<#>Limit the areas zoned for single-type housing.¶<#>Discourage private covenants that restrict housing diversity or are contrary to city land development policies.¶ Moved up [58]: <#>Encourage neighborhood focal point development with functions, activities, and facilities which can be sustained over time. Deleted: <#>¶<#>Objectives:¶ Moved (insertion) [63] Moved (insertion) [62] Formatted: Numbered + Level: 1 + Numbering Style:a, b, c, … + Start at: 1 + Alignment: Left + Aligned at: 0.94" + Indent at: 1.19" Moved (insertion) [61] Moved up [63]: <#>Evaluate establishing standards for proportion of diversity in housing type.¶ Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... THEME 3: A CITY BOLSTERED BY DOWNTOWN AND COMPLEMENTARY DISTRICTS Our City is bolstered by our Downtown, Midtown, University and other commercial districts and neighborhood centers that are characterized by higher densities and intensities of use. IMPORTANCE A concentration of persons and activities is necessary for vibrant commercial centers, the efficient and cost-effective provision of urban services, the encouragement of multimodal transportation, and a healthier environment for the City and its residents. Appropriately locating higher densities facilitates a beneficial diversity of residences, businesses and other uses. A compact development pattern will reduce the amount of rural area consumed by land development. Density of development must be balanced with other community priorities such as the housing choices of citizens. [PLACEHOLDER FOR FRAMEWORK MAP: DIAGRAMMATIC MAP ILLUSTRATING VISION/ KEY OPPORTUNITIES] GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND ACTIONS Goal DCD-1: Ensure multimodal connectivity within the City. Objectives and Actions:: a) Expand multimodal accessibility between districts and throughout the City as a means of promoting personal and environmental health, as well as reducing automobile dependency. b) Identify missing links in the multimodal system, prioritize those most beneficial to complete, and pursue funding for completion of those links. c) Identify major existing and future destinations for biking and walking to aid in prioritization of route planning and completion. d) Support implementation of the Bozeman Transportation Master Plan strategies. e) Encourage increased development intensity along key district corridors. f) Evaluate parking requirements and methods of providing parking to meet the need for vehicle parking as part of the overall transportation system for and between districts. Deleted: CHAPTER 5 | Formatted: Heading 1 Formatted: Font: 16 pt Formatted: Font: 16 pt Deleted: well-connected city with identifiable districts offering a range Deleted: services, amenities, Deleted: housing options Deleted: one that attracts students, families, Deleted: retirees. Having a stable residential-base helps maintain Deleted: build character while also promoting economic prosperity.¶ Deleted: along key corridors and within specific areas Deleted: that fosters increased pedestrian activity and economic benefit for the City and its residents Formatted: Font: Proxima Nova Formatted: Body Deleted: : Moved (insertion) [64] Formatted: Numbered + Level: 1 + Numbering Style:a, b, c, … + Start at: 1 + Alignment: Left + Aligned at: 0.94" + Indent at: 1.19" Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... Goal DCD-2: Support urban development within the City. Objectives and Actions:: a) Evaluate alternatives for more intensive development in proximity to high visibility corners, services, and parks. b) Work with state regulatory agencies and the legislature to remove disincentives in state law and regulations to municipal development. c) Update the UDC to reflect density increases or minimums within key districts. d) Develop informational materials for how to effectively manage construction on small footprint sites to lessen impacts on adjacent properties. e) Document existing policies and practices and develop additional policies if needed to appropriately address issues for infill development. f) Identify underutilized sites for possible redevelopment. g) Investigate expansion of or creation of new urban renewal areas to encourage redevelopment of key properties. h) Coordinate infrastructure construction, maintenance, and upgrades to support infill development, reduce costs, and minimize disruption to the public. i) Collaborate with Montana State University School of Architecture to develop educational materials and opportunities for local architects and citizens on how to do quality urban design for infill and greenfield sites. j) Promote mixed-use developments with access to parks, open space, and transit options. k) Support University efforts to attract commercial development near campus. l) Pursue annexations consistent with the future land use map and adopted facility Plans at urban intensity. m) Prioritize the acquisition and/or preservation of open space that supports community values, addresses gaps in functionality and needs, and does not impede development of the community. n) Pursue acquisition and development of a diverse portfolio of water sources and resources. Deleted: Actions:¶ Moved down [65]: Investigate expansion of or creation of new urban renewal areas to encourage redevelopment of key properties.¶ Moved up [64]: Identify missing links in the multimodal system, prioritize those most beneficial to complete, and pursue funding for completion of those links.¶Identify major existing and future destinations for biking and walking to aid in prioritization of route planning and completion.¶ Deleted: 3 Deleted: : Moved down [66]: <#>Coordinate infrastructure construction, maintenance, and upgrades to support infill development, reduce costs, and minimize disruption to the public.¶ Formatted: Numbered + Level: 1 + Numbering Style:a, b, c, … + Start at: 1 + Alignment: Left + Aligned at: 0.94" + Indent at: 1.19" Moved down [67]: <#>Prioritize the acquisition and/or preservation of open space that supports community values, addresses gaps in functionality and needs, and does not impede development of the community.¶ Deleted: <#>Where annexation is needed pursue annexations consistent with the future land use map and adopted facility plans at urban intensity.¶ Moved down [68]: <#>Promote mixed-use developments with access to parks, open space, and transit options.¶ Moved down [69]: <#>Collaborate with other Deleted: Actions:¶ Moved down [70]: <#>Document existing Formatted ... Moved down [71]: <#>Pursue acquisition and Moved (insertion) [70] Moved (insertion) [72] Formatted ... Moved (insertion) [65] Moved (insertion) [66] Moved (insertion) [68] Moved (insertion) [67] Moved (insertion) [71] Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... o) Evaluate alternatives for more intensive development in proximity to high visibility corners, services, and parks. OTHER RELEVANT PLANS/LINKS TO PLANS • Midtown Action Plan – 2017 • Downtown Improvement Plan – 2019 Moved up [72]: <#>Identify underutilized sites for possible redevelopment.¶ Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... THEME 4: A CITY INFLUENCED BY OUR NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, PARKS, AND OPEN SPACE Our City is home to an outdoor-conscious population that honors and protects our natural environment and immediate access to a well- managed open space and parks system. IMPORTANCE Bozeman is located in a beautiful natural environment. Its natural amenities are a significant component of the high quality of life here and provide valuable support to the local economy. Opportunities to integrate development with natural features will help keep Bozeman vibrant and beautiful. Parks, trails, and open space are critical components of Bozeman’s character. Access to safe, well maintained parks, trails, and open space, and spaces and activities for all people regardless of age or mobility, are necessary components of a healthy City. Development and use of land in the City is dependent on the availability of water, which must be taken into account with projected growth and the likely impacts of climate change. [PLACEHOLDER FOR FRAMEWORK MAP: DIAGRAMMATIC MAP ILLUSTRATING VISION/ KEY OPPORTUNITIES] GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND ACTIONS Goal EPO-1: Work to ensure that development is responsive to natural amenities. [Objectives and Actions to be added] Goal EPO-2: Prioritize strategic acquisition of parks to provide a variety of recreational opportunities throughout the City. Objectives and Actions:: a) Coordinate the location of new and future parks to create opportunity for larger and more functional parks. Prioritize quality locations and features in parks over quantity. b) Collaborate with partner agencies and organizations to establish sustainable funding sources for ongoing acquisition, construction, and operations of City parks and open space. Deleted: CHAPTER 6 | Formatted: Heading 1 Formatted: Font: 16 pt Formatted: Font: 16 pt Deleted: celebrates Formatted: Font: 16 pt Deleted: the Deleted: In addition to recreation, development Deleted: transportation, and other functions, Deleted: all Deleted: the Deleted: : Deleted: dedication of Moved (insertion) [73] Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... c) Incorporate unique recreational and artistic elements into parks. d) Research and implement multi-use features within parks to promote increased use and visitation. e) Work with partner organizations to identify and reduce impacts on at- risk, environmentally sensitive areas that contribute to water quality, wildlife corridors, and wildlife habitat. f) Upon completion of an update to the City’s park master Plan, review standards of the Unified Development Code for adequacy and update as needed to coordinate with development review standards and practices. Goal EPO-3: Address climate change in the City’s plans. Objectives and Actions:: a) Ensure complete streets and identify long-term resources for year- round bike and multi-use paths maintenance to improve utilization and reduce annual per capita vehicle miles traveled. b) Support development of maintenance standards including sidewalk clearing, sidewalk surfaces, bike lanes, and procedures for consistent implementation. c) Support water conservation, use of native Plants in landscaping, and development of water reuse systems. d) Review and update landscape and open space standards for public and private open spaces to accommodate lower water use and or reuse systems. e) Update land development standards to implement the Integrated Water Resources Plan. f) Review and revise stormwater standards to address changing storm profiles. g) Review and update development regulations to implement facility and service plans as those plans are updated. h) In coordination with the sustainability division, provide public education on energy conservation and diversified power generation alternatives. Moved up [73]: <#>Prioritize quality locations and features in parks over quantity. Deleted: <#>¶ Deleted: <#>impact Deleted: Actions:¶Collaborate with partner agencies and organizations to establish sustainable funding sources for ongoing acquisition, construction, and operations of city parks and open space.¶ Formatted: Numbered + Level: 1 + Numbering Style:a, b, c, … + Start at: 1 + Alignment: Left + Aligned at: 0.94" + Indent at: 1.19" Deleted: plan Deleted: 2: Consider the impact of a changing Deleted: transportation plan, utility, recreation, and operations Deleted: : Formatted: Numbered + Level: 1 + Numbering Style:a, b, c, … + Start at: 1 + Alignment: Left + Aligned at: 0.94" + Indent at: 1.19" Moved down [74]: <#>In coordination with the sustainability division, provide public education on energy conservation and diversified power generation alternatives.¶ Deleted: <#>plants Moved (insertion) [75] Deleted: Actions:¶ Moved up [75]: <#>Review and update landscape and open space standards for public and private open spaces to accommodate lower water use and or reuse systems.¶ Formatted: Font: Roboto Moved (insertion) [74] Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... Goal EPO-4: Promote uses of the natural environment that maintain and improve habitat, water quantity, and water quality, while giving due consideration to the impact of these regulations on economic viability. Objectives and Actions:: a) Eliminate reliance on private maintenance of public infrastructure, including public parks, trail systems, and stormwater facilities. Identify a sustainable and reliable public funding source for this infrastructure. b) Update regulations that protect the environment. c) Pursue an inter-jurisdictional effort to establish baseline information on air quality trends and enhance monitoring facilities. d) Collaborate with other Montana cities in working with regulatory agencies to establish fair and technologically feasible water treatment standards. e) Identify, prioritize, and preserve key habitat and wildlife connectivity. f) Complete the update for an integrated Hazard Management and Mitigation Plan. OTHER RELEVANT PLANS/LINKS TO PLANS • Integrated Water Resources Plan – 2013 • Integrated Water Resources Implementation Plan – 2013 • Stormwater Management Plan (City of Bozeman and MSU) – 2019 • Stormwater Facilities Plan – 2008 • Wastewater Collection Facilities Plan Update – 2015 • Water Facility Plan Update – 2017 • Drought Management Plan – 2017 • Parks, Recreation, Open Space, and Trails (PROST) Plan – 2007 • Community Climate Action Plan – 2011 (currently being updated: • Urban Forestry Management Plan – 2016 Deleted: 3: Regulate Deleted: with consideration of impacts on economic viability to Deleted: : Deleted: Maintain and update existing Deleted: <#>Increase the community's resiliency and preparedness to respond to climate change.¶<#>Actions:¶ Formatted: Numbered + Level: 1 + Numbering Style:a, b, c, … + Start at: 1 + Alignment: Left + Aligned at: 0.94" + Indent at: 1.19" Moved (insertion) [69] Moved (insertion) [76] Formatted: Numbered + Level: 1 + Numbering Style:a, b, c, … + Start at: 1 + Alignment: Left + Aligned at: 0.94" + Indent at: 1.19" Deleted: <#>Identify a sustainable and reliable funding source for maintenance of public infrastructure, including public parks, trail systems, and stormwater facilities.¶ Formatted: Indent: Left: 1.19", No bullets ornumbering Moved up [76]: <#>Identify, prioritize, and preserve key habitat and wildlife connectivity. Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... • Cemetery Master Plan Update – 2018 • Bozeman Creek Enhancement Plan – 2012 Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... THEME 5: A CITY THAT PRIORITIZES ACCESSIBILITY AND MOBILITY CHOICES Our City fosters the close proximity of housing, services, and jobs, and provides safe, efficient mobility for pedestrians, cyclists, transit users, and drivers. IMPORTANCE High levels of access to mobility options supports a healthy and active community, sustainability, and economic development. Safety strategies for all users that incorporate road and pedestrian crossing design, as well as proper design speeds and posted speed limits should be further investigated. A well-thought out multimodal system provides residents and visitors with a wide range of choices about how to get around the City, as well as enhanced safety throughout to encourage continued and increasing use of alternatives to traditional motor vehicle transportation. As technologies continue to evolve, the City will be able to offer even more ways to get around the City and its neighborhoods in a safe, efficient manner that enhance its already high quality of life. [PLACEHOLDER FOR FRAMEWORK MAP: DIAGRAMMATIC MAP ILLUSTRATING VISION/ KEY OPPORTUNITIES] GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND ACTIONS Goal M-1: Ensure multimodal accessibility. Objectives and Actions:: a) Prioritize mixed-use land use patterns. Encourage and enable the development of housing, jobs, and services in close proximity. b) Make transportation investment decisions that recognize active transportation modes and transit as a priority. c) Develop level of service standards for multimodal travel. d) Develop safe, connected, and complementary transportation networks for pedestrians, bicyclists and other medium-speed users (bicycles, e- bikes, electric scooters, powered wheelchairs, etc.). e) Identify locations for key mobility hubs (e.g. rideshare drop off/ pick up areas, bike/scooted share, transit service, bike, and pedestrian connections). Deleted: CHAPTER 7 | Formatted: Heading 1 Formatted: Font: 16 pt Moved (insertion) [13] Formatted: Font: 16 pt Deleted: Our City fosters the close proximity of housing, services, and jobs, and provides safe, efficient mobility for pedestrians, cyclists, transit users, and drivers.¶ Deleted: affordability, Deleted: : Deleted: consider Deleted: first Deleted: <#>In conjunction with the transportation plan, develop a core network of “AAA” (appropriate for all ages and abilities) bike routes covering at least 75% of households and 75% of jobs are within ½ mile of the network.¶ Formatted: Numbered + Level: 1 + Numbering Style:a, b, c, … + Start at: 1 + Alignment: Left + Aligned at: 0.94" + Indent at: 1.19" Moved down [77]: <#>Encourage development of a trunk network of high-frequency, priority transit service connecting major commercial nodes and coinciding with increased density.¶ Deleted: <#>Integrate consideration of autonomous vehicles, rideshare, and other mobility choices into land use regulations.¶ <#>Develop safe, connected, permeable and complementary transportation networks for pedestrians and mobility-impaired users; bicyclists and other medium-speed users (bicycles, e-bikes, electric scooters, etc.); and other vehicles.¶<#>Actions:¶ Formatted: Numbered + Level: 1 + Numbering Style:a, b, c, … + Start at: 1 + Alignment: Left + Aligned at: 0.94" + Indent at: 1.19" Deleted: pedestrians Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... f) Integrate consideration of autonomous vehicles, rideshare, and other mobility choices into community planning regulations. g) Encourage development of a trunk network of high-frequency, priority transit service connecting major commercial nodes and coinciding with increased density. h) Establish standards and procedures for placement of bus shelters in City rights of way. i) Prioritize and construct key bicycle infrastructure connections and enhancements with an emphasis on completing network connectivity. j) In conjunction with the transportation Plan, work to develop a core network of “AAA” (appropriate for all ages and abilities) bike routes covering at least 75 percent of households and 75 percent of jobs within ½ mile of the network. k) Prioritize and construct key sidewalk connections and enhancements. l) Undertake an expanded parking management study to investigate and provide strategies (e.g. paid parking; time-limited parking; additional parking structures; drop-off and pickup areas; park and ride facilities) and where such strategies may be appropriately used. m) Work with community partners to expand the Main Street to Mountains network and integration with the larger community recreational travel network. Goal M-2: Ensure multimodal safety. Objectives and Actions:: a) Work with Public Works, Police, and other partners to provide education on safe travel behaviors and rules. b) Review and as appropriate update the City’s complete streets policy. c) Work with School District #7 and other community partners in planning and operating safe routes to local schools d) Encourage the design of school sites to support walking and biking. OTHER RELEVANT PLANS/LINKS TO PLANS • Transportation Master Plan – 2017 • Downtown Strategic Parking Management Plan – 2016 Moved (insertion) [77] Formatted: Numbered + Level: 1 + Numbering Style:a, b, c, … + Start at: 1 + Alignment: Left + Aligned at: 0.94" + Indent at: 1.19" Deleted: city right Moved (insertion) [78] Moved (insertion) [79] Formatted: Numbered + Level: 1 + Numbering Style:a, b, c, … + Start at: 1 + Alignment: Left + Aligned at: 0.94" + Indent at: 1.19" Deleted: Moved up [79]: <#>Prioritize and construct key sidewalk connections and enhancements.¶ Moved up [78]: <#>Prioritize and construct key bicycle infrastructure connections and enhancements with an emphasis on completing network connectivity.¶ Deleted: <#> Deleted: : Deleted: ; and Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... • Bozeman Community Transportation Safety Plan – 2013 Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... THEME 6: A CITY POWERED BY ITS CREATIVE, INNOVATIVE, AND ENTREPRENEURIAL ECONOMY Our City, and all residents benefit from an expanding economy that is powered by educational development, strong regional partnerships, job creation, talent retention, and support for local businesses. IMPORTANCE Bozeman enjoys a diverse and expanding economy. The City benefits immensely from the talent generated by Montana State University, from its existing vibrant and growing businesses, from its proximity to Yellowstone National Park, and from the Internet and other technological developments that have made it possible for highly sophisticated service work to be performed almost anywhere. Bozeman must not take its existing economic good fortunes for granted. [PLACEHOLDER FOR FRAMEWORK MAP: DIAGRAMMATIC MAP ILLUSTRATING VISION/ KEY OPPORTUNITIES] GOALS, OBJECTIVES, AND ACTIONS Goal EE-1: Promote the continued development of Bozeman as an innovative and thriving economic center Objectives and Actions:: a) Support the goals and objectives outlined in the Bozeman Economic Development Strategy. b) Invest in infrastructure projects identified in the capital improvement Plan (CIP) that will strengthen business and higher education communities. c) Continue to facilitate live/work opportunities as a way to support small, local businesses in all zoning districts. d) Support employee retention and attraction efforts by encouraging continued development of attainable housing. e) Support expansion of current and emerging infrastructure technologies including fiber optic service and other communication infrastructure. f) Update the zoning map to correct deficiencies identified in the annual land use inventory report. Deleted: CHAPTER 8 | Formatted: Heading 1 Formatted: Font: 16 pt Moved (insertion) [14] Formatted: Font: 16 pt Deleted: Our City, and all residents benefit from an expanding economy that is powered by educational development, strong regional partnerships, job creation, talent retention, and support for local businesses.¶ Deleted: Bozeman’s high quality of life can be partially attributed to its strong economy, high quality education, and its reputation as a base camp for several high-profile national parks. Bozeman continues to support the local economy and promote innovation from within. The community benefits from an economy with a diverse job base. Growing local companies from a highly-talented pool of applicants from Montana State University and other reputable institutions provides more stability and predictability to employers and the City in terms of available workforce and population. This strong base is attractive to potential residents and companies considering location in Bozeman.¶ Deleted: : Deleted: plan Deleted: <#>Ensure an adequate supply of appropriately-zoned land for employment areas.¶ Deleted: Actions:¶ Formatted: Numbered + Level: 1 + Numbering Style:a, b, c, … + Start at: 1 + Alignment: Left + Aligned at: 0.94" + Indent at: 1.19" Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... Goal EE-2: Survey and revise land use planning and regulations to promote and support economic diversification efforts. Objectives and Actions:: a) Ensure the future land use map contains adequate areas of land needed for anticipated diverse users. b) Review and revise, or possibly replace, the Business Park Mixed Use zoning district to include urban standards and consider possible alterations to the allowed uses. OTHER RELEVANT PLANS/LINKS TO PLANS • Economic Development Strategy Update – 2016 • Transportation Master Plan – 2017 • Wastewater Collection Facilities Plan Update –2015 • Water Facility Plan Update – 2017 Deleted: : Deleted: Actions:¶ THEME 7: A CITY ENGAGED IN REGIONAL COORDINATION Our City, in partnership with Gallatin County, Montana State University, and other regional authorities, addresses the needs of a rapidly growing and changing population through strategic infrastructure choices and thoughtful decision-making. IMPORTANCE Decisions made by individual agencies have impacts beyond the borders of their jurisdictions. Conflicting decisions create complications and uncertainty for the citizens. Coordinated and cooperative decisions with neighboring communities and the County lessen conflicts, better advance shared priorities, and can substantially reduce tax burdens as the region continues to grow and its infrastructure and economy become increasingly more linked. [PLACEHOLDER FOR FRAMEWORK MAP: DIAGRAMMATIC MAP ILLUSTRATING VISION/ KEY OPPORTUNITIES] GOALS, OBJECTIVES AND ACTIONS GOAL RC-1: Increase communication, and coordination with Gallatin County, the City of Belgrade, and other regional public entities regarding community planning and associated matters. Objectives and Actions:: a) Consider regional impacts when making policy decisions affecting areas outside of the City. b) Coordinate planning activities to promote consistency throughout the region for parks, transportation, bus service, and other community infrastructure. c) Research infrastructure and transportation improvements that benefit the region. d) Participate in regularly scheduled coordination meetings with Gallatin County and the City of Belgrade Planning departments and boards to coordinate Planning issues. e) Complete preparation of the Triangle policy Plan coordinating between Bozeman, Belgrade, and Gallatin County. Deleted: CHAPTER 9 | Formatted: Heading 1 Formatted: Different first page header Formatted: Font: 16 pt Formatted: Font: 16 pt Deleted: the jurisdiction. Deleted: cost to the public Deleted: becomes Deleted: together Deleted: land use Deleted: : Deleted: Actions:¶Schedule, notice, and participate Formatted: Numbered + Level: 1 + Numbering Style:a, b, c, … + Start at: 1 + Alignment: Left + Aligned at: 0.94" + Indent at: 1.19" Deleted: planning Deleted: planning Deleted: plan 2 f) Prepare for establishment of a Metropolitan Planning Organization, anticipated to be required after the completion of the 2020 US Census. GOAL RC-2: Continue and build on successful collaboration with Gallatin County, neighboring municipalities, and other agencies to identify and mitigate potential hazards and develop coordinated response Plans. Objectives and Actions:: a) Work to discourage development in environmentally-sensitive, or hazard-prone areas. b) Identify effective, affordable, and regionally-appropriate hazard mitigation techniques through the Gallatin County Hazard Mitigation and Community Wildfire Protection Plan and other tools. As a group, annually review the Gallatin County Hazard Mitigation Plan, and determine the need for updates and enhancements. c) Along with non-profit and agency partners, identify, map, and utilize geographic information systems (GIS) data to locate and monitor developments on environmentally-sensitive and hazard prone areas. d) Encourage review of land use regulations and standards that affect the wildland urban interface (WUI) to provide adequate public safety measures, mitigate impacts on public health, and encourage fiscal responsibility. e) Through coordination with non-profit and agency partners, identify and prioritize key areas for acquisition or appropriate for conservation easement to lessen development with environmentally sensitive areas and/or preserve areas consistent with the other priorities of this growth policy. Goal G3: Collaborate with Gallatin County regarding annexation and development patterns adjacent to the City to provide certainty for landowners and taxpayers. Objectives and Actions:: a) Establish standard practices for sharing development application information and exchanging comments between the City and County. b) Develop shared information on development processes. c) Prioritize annexations that enable the incremental expansion of the City and its utilities. Deleted: plans Deleted: : Moved (insertion) [80] Formatted: Font: Proxima Nova Deleted: Discourage development in Deleted: , or Deleted: - Deleted: Review Deleted: Actions:¶ Moved up [80]: As a group, annually review the Gallatin County Hazard Mitigation Plan, and determine the need for updates and enhancements. Deleted: ¶ Through coordination with non-profit and agency partners, identify, map, and utilize GIS to locate and monitor development on environmentally-sensitive and hazard prone areas.¶ Deleted: the Deleted: : 3 d) Establish interlocal agreements when appropriate to formalize working relationships and procedures. e) Provide education and information on the value and benefits of annexation, including of existing un-annexed pockets surrounded by the City, to individual landowners and the community at large. f) Encourage annexation of land adjacent to the City prior to development and annexation of wholly surrounded areas. OTHER RELEVANT PLANS/LINKS TO PLANS • Fire and EMS Master Plan – 2017 • Gallatin County Hazard Mitigation Plan and Community Wildfire Protection Plan (Draft) – 2019 • Gallatin Triangle Planning Study – 2014 • Triangle Plan (in development) CHAPTER 3 | FUTURE LAND USE Land Use Descriptions for Use on the Future Land Use Map The Future Land Use Map for the Planning Area is an important part of this Plan. It utilizes seven land use categories to illustrate and guide the intent, type of use, and density and intensity of future development. Although Gallatin County has final approval authority on development of land outside of the City of Bozeman, land annexed by the City will thenceforth be under its authority. The City has adopted facility plans which enable coordination with Gallatin County. If one or more intergovernmental agreements (IGAs) are developed that address areas outside of the City limits, development would meet the terms of all such relevant agreements. Imagery and adjoining descriptive information are included at the end of each of the seven land use category descriptions to help users understand the intent of each category. While the land use categories are not regulatory, each description also identifies appropriate zoning categories that implement the intent. The categories are as follows: Deleted: ¶¶¶... Moved (insertion) [17] Moved (insertion) [18] 4 1. Urban Residential. This category includes urban density homes in a variety of shapes, sizes, and intensities - large areas of any single type of housing are discouraged. In limited instances, an area may develop at a lower gross density due to site constraints and/or natural features such as floodplains or steep slopes. Complementary uses such as parks, home-based occupations, fire stations, churches, schools, and some neighborhood-serving commerce provide activity centers for community gathering and services. The Urban Residential designation indicates that that development is expected to occur within municipal boundaries. This may require annexation prior to development. Application of a zoning district to specific parcels sets the required and allowed density. Higher density residential areas are encouraged in proximity to commercial mixed use areas to facilitate the provision of services and employment opportunities without requiring the use of a car. [Insert photos of existing examples] 2. Residential Emphasis Mixed Use. This category promotes neighborhoods substantially dominated by housing, yet integrated with small scale commercial and civic uses. The housing can include attached and small detached single-unit dwellings, apartments, and live-work units. Residences should be included on the upper floors of buildings with ground floor commercial uses. Variation in building massing, height, and other design characteristics should contribute to a complete and interesting streetscape. Secondary supporting uses, such as retail, office, and civic uses, are permitted on the ground floor. All uses should complement existing and planned residential uses. Non-residential uses are expected to be pedestrian oriented and emphasize the human scale with modulation as needed in larger structures. Stand alone, large, non-residential uses are discouraged. Non-residential spaces should provide an interesting pedestrian experience with quality urban design for buildings, sites, and open spaces. This category is appropriate near commercial centers. Larger areas should have access on collector and arterial streets. Multi-unit higher density urban development is expected. Any development within this category should have a well-integrated transportation and open space network that encourages pedestrian activity and provides ready access within and to adjacent development. [insert photos of existing examples] Moved (insertion) [19] Moved (insertion) [20] Moved (insertion) [21] Moved (insertion) [22] Moved (insertion) [23] Moved (insertion) [24] Moved (insertion) [25] 5 3. Community Core. The traditional core of Bozeman is its historic downtown. This area has an extensive mutually supportive variety of uses, a strong pedestrian and multimodal transportation network, and a rich architectural character. Essential government services, places of public assembly, and open spaces provide the civic and social core of the City. Residential development on upper floors is well established. New residential uses should be high density. The area along Main Street is a place for high pedestrian activity uses, with strong pedestrian connectivity to other uses on nearby streets. Users are drawn from the entire Planning Area and beyond. The intensity of development is high with an FAR well over 1. Future development should continue to be intense while providing areas of transition to adjacent areas and preserving the historic character of Main Street. 4. Commercial Emphasis Mixed Use. The Commercial Emphasis Mixed Use category promotes primarily commercial areas necessary for an economically healthy and vibrant community, including: professional and personal services, retail, education, health services, offices, public administration, and tourism establishments. Density is expected to be higher than currently seen in most commercial areas in Bozeman and should include multi-story buildings. Residences on upper floors in appropriate circumstances are allowed. Urban streetscapes, plazas, outdoor seating, public art, and hardscaped open space and park amenities are anticipated, appropriately designed for urban character. High density residential areas are expected in close proximity. Developments in this land use area should typically be located on one or two quadrants of intersections of arterial and/or collector streets, and integrated with transit and non-automotive routes. Due to past development patterns there are also areas along major streets where this category is organized as a corridor rather than a center. Although a broad range of uses may be appropriate in both types of locations, the size and scale is to be smaller within the local service areas. Building and site designs made to support easy reuse of the building and site over time is important. Mixed use areas should be developed in an integrated, pedestrian friendly manner and should not be overly dominated by any single use. Higher intensity employment and residential uses are encouraged in the core of the area or Moved (insertion) [26] Moved (insertion) [27] Moved (insertion) [28] Moved (insertion) [29] Moved (insertion) [30] Moved (insertion) [31] Moved (insertion) [32] 6 adjacent to significant streets and intersections. Building height transitions may be required for compatibility with adjacent development. This category contains three different scales to serve different purposes: Regional scale provides opportunities for these activities for a multi-county region, and in some circumstances at a global scale. Regionally significant developments in this land use category may be developed with physically large and economically prominent facilities requiring substantial infrastructure and location near significant transportation facilities. Due to the scale of these developments, location and transition between lower-density uses is important. Residential space should not be a primary use, and should only be included as a use above the first floor to maintain land availability for necessary services. Development within this category needs well-integrated utilities, transportation, and open space networks that encourage pedestrian activity and provides ready access within and to adjacent development. Large community scale areas in this land use category are generally 75 acres or larger and are activity centers for several square miles. These are intended to service the overall community as well as adjacent neighborhoods and are typically distributed by a one-to-two mile separation. Smaller neighborhood scale areas are intended to provide primarily local service to an area of approximately one-half mile to one mile radius as well as passersby. Densities of nearby residential development needed to fully support this scale average 14 - 22 dwellings per net acre. These smaller centers support and help give identity to neighborhoods by providing a visible and distinct focal point as well as needed employment and services. [insert photos of existing examples] 5. Industrial. This classification provides areas for manufacturing, warehousing, technology industries, and transportation hubs. Development within these areas is intensive and is connected to significant transportation corridors. Uses which would be likely harmed by industrial activities are discouraged from locating in these areas. Although use in these areas is intensive, they are part of the larger community and standards for architecture and site design apply. In some circumstances, uses other than those typically considered industrial have been historically present in areas which were given an industrial designation in prior growth policies. Careful consideration must be given to public policies to allow these mixed uses to coexist in harmony. Moved (insertion) [33] Moved (insertion) [34] Moved (insertion) [35] Moved (insertion) [36] 7 [insert photos of existing examples] 6. Open Space, Public Lands, and Institutions. A variety of activities are focused in this land use classification. Schools are a dominant use, including Montana State University. Other typical uses are libraries, fire stations, and private and publicly operated utilities. A significant portion of Bozeman’s employment occurs within this category. Many different zoning districts overlay this category. As opportunity presents, such zoning should be changed to Public Lands and Institutions. All publicly owned recreational lands, including parks, are also included within this category. These areas are generally open in character and may or may not be developed for active recreational purposes. This category also includes private property such as land with a conservation easement, land owned by home owners associations, or golf courses which may not be open to the public without the owners specific permission. Parks occur at a range of scales from local lots to regional parks. Many parks are located, sized, and constructed as part of the development process and therefore future parks are not shown in this category as their locations are not yet determined. As the growth policy is updated, developed parks will be shown in this category. The service area for each type of park is set by the City’s overall park master plan. Due to the diversity of zoning applicable to this category, and as there are few structures intended in this area, no descriptive information is provided. For information on recommended park sizing and characteristics see the City’s Park Facility Plan. 7. Currently Inappropriate for Urban Development. This category designates areas where development is considered to be generally inappropriate over the 20-year Planning horizon of this growth policy, either because of natural features, negative impacts on the desired development pattern, or unusually high difficulty in providing urban services. As a result, the City does not anticipate building infrastructure to service these lands at any time during the Planning Period. As the City’s growth policy is updated from time to time, some areas currently classified as Inappropriate for Urban Development may be reclassified. Suburban or rural density subdivisions in these areas impede an orderly and cost effective expansion of the City and are therefore discouraged. THE FUTURE LAND USE MAP Moved (insertion) [37] Moved (insertion) [38] Moved (insertion) [39] Moved (insertion) [40] Moved (insertion) [41] Moved (insertion) [42] 8 Due to the large scale of the map, any useful review will require that you have recourse to its digital version which can be expanded to show details. The digital version is embedded in digital version of the Plan as a whole, accessible at http//______________. [placeholder for flu map TBD] Implementation and Monitoring [insert discussion on indicators and timeframes to be updated] Moved (insertion) [43] Moved (insertion) [44] Moved (insertion) [45] CHAPTER 4 | IMPLEMENTATION IMPORTANCE The Plan is intended to be a living document used in daily activities of the City. Successful implementation requires monitoring. Monitoring provides information on how well the City’s initial objectives are working, where they can be improved, and what is not working. Monitoring will take place at specified intervals, based on the availability of information. Measuring the Plan’s efficacy (or outcomes) is a main tenant of the Plan. A series of indicators has been identified that correspond to each goal, with the built-in purpose of tracking progress and setbacks. For example, one indicator under the neighborhoods-based theme addresses housing stock diversity, looking at square footage, number of bedrooms and bathrooms, and taxable value. A diverse housing stock is indicative of a City that is more accessible and affordable to those of all incomes. MONITORING AND UPDATES As noted above, tracking and monitoring the Plan’s intent is critical. Each theme has one or more identified indicators, which use data to measure success towards the goal. Each of these indicators listed below identifies a source from which the data should be drawn, frequency defining how often the data is available, and notes describing key considerations. The Shape of the City Indicator Source Frequency Notes Citizen Survey International City Manager’s Association (ICMA) – National Citizen Survey Annually Statistically-valid survey repeated to monitor trends over time A City of Neighborhoods Indicator Source Frequency Notes Commercial Accessibility City of Bozeman GIS Division Annually Percent of residents/households within one mile of commercial activity Commercial Density State of Montana, Department of Revenue Real-time data analyzed and published annually Gross commercial units per acre of commercially-zoned and developed land by zoning district Commercial Nodes City of Bozeman Community Annually Total acreage of “functioning” nodes within ‘Community Commercial Moved (insertion) [46] Moved (insertion) [47] Formatted: Heading 1 Moved (insertion) [48] Formatted: Heading 3, Indent: Left: 0" Development Department Mixed Use’ future land use designation Housing Cost Burden US Census, American Community Survey (ACS) Annually Percentage of households spending more than 30% of income on housing costs Housing Stock Diversity State of Montana Department of Revenue Real-time data analyzed and published annually Square footage, number of beds, and number of baths, normalized by taxable market value Intersection Density City of Bozeman, GIS Division Annually Trail networks may be considered in addition to roadways Population Density Census Annually Rentals US Census, American Community Survey (ACS) Annually Percentage of residential units that serve as full-time residences Residential Density State of Montana, Department of Revenue Real-time data analyzed and published annually Gross dwelling units per acre of residentially-zoned and developed land by zoning district Walk Score Walk Score® Annually Distance to amenities A City Bolstered by Downtown and Complementary Districts Indicator Source Frequency Notes Bike Score TBD Annually Distance to amenities Commercial Units City of Bozeman, Building Division Real-time Number of commercial units added as compared to overall population growth (district vs. Citywide) Commute Mode Share US Census, American Community Survey (ACS) Annually Development vs. Redevelopment City of Bozeman, Community Development Department Real-time Development within subdivisions platted more than and less than 35 years ago Residential Units City of Bozeman, Building Division Real-time Number of residential units added as compared to overall population growth (district vs. Citywide) Transit Score TBD Annually Distance to amenities Walk Score Walk Score® Annually Distance to amenities Moved (insertion) [49] Moved (insertion) [50] A City Influenced by Our Natural Environment, Parks, and Open Space Indicator Source Frequency Notes Air Quality City of Bozeman, Sustainability Division Real-time Greenhouse Gas Emissions City of Bozeman, Sustainability Division Annually Low Impact Development (LID) City of Bozeman, Stormwater Division Annually Percentage of LID integration/ expansion as installed Park Accessibility City of Bozeman, GIS Division Real-time Percentage of residents/households within ½-mile of parks, and ¼-mile to open space and trails Vehicle Miles Traveled Montana Department of Transportation (MDOT) Annually Per capita Water Consumption City of Bozeman, Water Conservation Division Real-time Gallons per capita, per day Water Quality City of Bozeman, Stormwater Division Annually A City that Prioritizes Accessibility and Mobility Choices Indicator Source Frequency Notes Bike Accessibility Bozeman Area Bicycle Advisory Board Annually Percentage of jobs and residents within ½-mile of an All Ages & Abilities (AAA) route. AAA/LTS 1: protected facility or low-speed, low volume road, e.g. buffered bike lane, cycle track, bicycle boulevard Bicycle Mode Share US Census, American Community Survey (Journey to Work) Annually Each mode should be tracked individually because each mode requires different strategies Bike and Pedestrian Safety National Highway Traffic Safety Administration – Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) Annually Transit Accessibility Streamline Bi-Annually Percentage of jobs and residents within ¼-mile of a bus route or ½-mile of a high frequency express service route, and excluding routes with headways greater than 30 minutes Transit Mode Share US Census, American Community Survey (Journey to Work) Annually Each mode should be tracked individually because each mode requires different strategies Traffic Safety National Highway Traffic Safety Administration – Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) Annually Walking Mode Share US Census, American Community Survey (Journey to Work) Annually Each mode should be tracked individually because each mode requires different strategies A City Powered by its Creative, Innovative, and Entrepreneurial Economy Indicator Source Frequency Notes Employment Density U.S. Department of Labor – Bureau of Labor Statistics Annually Total jobs per acre of developed non-residentially zoned land Job Diversity U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics Annually Proportion of jobs by industry (NAIC code) Land Use Availability City of Bozeman, Community Development Division, GIS Division Annually Availability of land for economic activity based on annual land use inventory A City Engaged in Regional Coordination Indicator Source Frequency Notes Acres Wholly Surrounded but Unannexed City of Bozeman, GIS Division Annually Number of acres of annexations of land wholly surrounded by the City but unannexed (i.e. enclaves) City Expansion City of Bozeman, Community Development Division; Gallatin County Planning Staff Annually Number of projects annexed within the Planning Area but outside of City limits that conform to adopted interlocal agreements Meeting with City of Belgrade and Gallatin County Planning Staff Quarterly Meeting with City of Bozeman & Gallatin County Planning Board Semi-annually Moved (insertion) [51] Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... CHAPTER 5 | AMENDMENTS AND REVIEW AMENDMENTS Need for Balance A growth policy must balance consistency with responsiveness to the needs of the community. If the policy is not consistent, it will have little value as a planning tool, nor provide an adequate basis for implementation actions, nor have the confidence of the community. If the policy is not responsive, policies and actions are continued that no longer address community needs, and less than optimal guidance for future actions is provided. This Plan was prepared based on information and circumstances as understood at this time. The nature of planning for the future is imprecise. As situations change it is important that the Plan be reviewed, and when necessary updated, to accommodate future events. State law requires review and consideration of the need for amendments through Section 76-1-601(3) (f), of the Montana Code Annotated which reads: “(f) an implementation strategy that includes: (i) a timetable for implementing the growth policy; (ii) a list of conditions that will lead to a revision of the growth policy; and (iii) a timetable for reviewing the growth policy at least once every 5 years and revising the policy if necessary;” The required review, if properly done, will help to ensure that the information upon which the Plan is based is accurate and timely and that the goals and objectives of the Plan reflect the desires of the community. Matters other than the passage of time may require the review of a growth policy. Assumptions regarding population growth, land uses, and other subjects are necessarily embedded in the Plan. Significant changes in the rates or the interaction of these items will cause a need for review of the Plan. A review may find that no changes are needed. Specific thresholds for when these reviews need to occur are: • Passage of five years since formal public review of the Plan; • A change, up or down, in the annual growth rate of more than 50 percent; Evaluating the existing growth policy text and maps is an essential part of any review. New inventory maps should be made available for consideration during the review process if the new map would display previously unavailable data. Deleted: 10 Deleted: and Deleted: and Deleted: are Deleted: addressing Deleted: frustration within the community is caused, Deleted: correct Deleted: isn’t Deleted: the Deleted: plan Deleted: MCA Deleted: plan Deleted: plan Deleted: More Deleted: part of Deleted: preparation of the plan Deleted: may also Deleted: plan Deleted: circumstance driven Deleted: plan Deleted: Opportunities to update information used in preparation of the plan should be taken when reasonable. Reevaluate conclusions of the plan in light of the new information. Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... When updated baseline information has been prepared the review should consider the review triggers presented in the sidebar. Periodic formal and informal review processes for implementation policies as well as the growth policy are desirable. Appendix F contains more detailed information concerning criteria for amendment of this Plan and the procedures to be followed in pursuing amendments. REVIEW TRIGGERS AND AMENDMENT CRITERIA Review Triggers 1. Are the community’s goals current and valid? 2. Have the community conditions or legal framework materially changed? 3. Where have problems appeared since the last review? 4. Does the Plan meet the current needs of the community? 5. Can this Plan be modified to better serve the needs and desires of the community? Amendment Criteria 1. The proposed amendment must cure a deficiency in the growth policy, or improve the growth policy, to better respond to the needs of the general community; 2. The proposed amendment should not create inconsistencies within the growth policy, either between the goals and the maps or between different goals and objectives. 3. The proposed amendment must be consistent with the overall intent of the growth policy; 4. The proposed amendment may not adversely affect the community as a whole or significant portion by: a. Significantly altering land use patterns and principles in a manner contrary to those established by this Plan, b. Requiring unmitigated improvements to streets, water, sewer, or other public facilities or services, thereby impacting development of other lands, c. Adversely impacting existing uses because of unmitigated impacts on facilities and services, or d. Negatively affecting the livability of the area or the health and safety of the residents. Deleted: A formal review and update of the plan should be undertaken if there are substantial differences. Deleted: plan Deleted: plan Deleted: does Deleted: will Deleted: plan Deleted: larger or more expensive Deleted: impact Deleted: greater than anticipated Deleted: affect Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... APPENDIX A Residents, stakeholders, and public officials shaped this Community Plan throughout a progressive four-phase update process. [Insert graphic process with key dates, and photos of engagement events] Phase One | Foundation The Foundation Phase engaged the community and determined what people love about Bozeman, what people believe could be improved about Bozeman, and their vision for Bozeman’s future. Responses indicated that Bozeman’s outdoor lifestyle, small town feel while in a City environment, and high quality of life were the three aspects of the City that people loved the most. Areas where participants felt Bozeman could improve were; multimodal transportation, the preservation of farmland and open space, and housing affordability. When asked about the desired future of Bozeman, people envisioned a larger city with a dynamic, modern economy, a variety of attainable housing options, and a multimodal transportation system. [Insert two-page spread of photos and numbers from August 2018 community events, with key quotes and developed word clouds] Phase Two | Analysis + Vision Phase Two built upon the high levels of engagement in Phase One and refined the seven themes that were developed based upon Phase One comments from the community. Furthermore, participants were asked to consider opportunities that can help the City realize its vision. Outreach efforts consisted of one-on-one interviews, group sessions, City Commission presentations, and an online questionnaire. People stated that they would like to see increased corner-commercial developments in or near neighborhoods, improved multimodal transportation options and access throughout the community, increased density, historic preservation, and greater regional Planning efforts. Deleted: AMENDMENTS ¶ Formatted: Font: Bold, Underline Moved (insertion) [5] Formatted: Body, Centered Deleted: need for changes may be identified during Deleted: review Moved (insertion) [6] Moved (insertion) [7] Moved (insertion) [8] Moved (insertion) [9] Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... [Insert two-page spread of photos and numbers from community events, along with highlights from the Phase summary] Phase Three | Opportunities + Choices Phase Three outreach involved a community event held at the Bozeman Public Library and an online questionnaire that were designed to gather community input on the specific opportunities that coincide with each of the seven Themes. Increasing walkability and access to neighborhood commercial uses, along with strategically locating affordable housing were just some of the many proposed opportunities from the public event. 230 people took part in the online survey and, in addition to the objectives mentioned above, increasing density, preserving open space, and establishing multimodal connections were suggested. [Insert two-page spread of photos and numbers from community events, along with highlights from the Phase summary] Phase Four | Draft + Final Plan The final phase in the Community Plan Update process was conducted over the course of several months to ensure community satisfaction and acceptance of the Plan. Community comments provided throughout the first three phases were incorporated into this final Plan which includes specific goals, objectives, and designated indicators which act as monitors that measure success of each goal. Moved (insertion) [10] Moved (insertion) [11] Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... APPENDIX F A consistent and clear process for amending the growth policy is important. The Bozeman Community Plan was formed on the basis of significant community outreach efforts and the input of many persons and groups. Alterations to the growth policy should also provide a significant opportunity for public participation and understanding of the proposed changes. Amendments to the growth policy must meet the same statutory standards as the original adoption, including public input and review, public hearings, review by the Planning Board and approval by the City Commission, and written Findings of Fact. Therefore, prior to the adoption of any amendment to the Plan, the public process must be provided. A fundamental requirement for public participation is time for individuals to become aware of proposed amendments and to study the proposed changes. A minimum active public review period of three months is to be expected. This Plan has been prepared to balance a wide variety of interests. Changes to the Plan must continue the balance of needs and interests. This Plan has been prepared to be internally consistent. Internal consistency meets one of the fundamental purposes of community planning-- coordination between government programs and policies. All amendments must be carefully evaluated to ensure that changes do not create conflicts between goals, maps, or implementation tools. If a proposed amendment would cause conflicts within the Plan, additional amendments must be identified and reviewed so that any conflicts are resolved. Any changes being proposed to either the text or the maps contained in the Bozeman Community Plan must comply with all of the defined criteria shown in the sidebars. The burden of proof for the desirability of a proposed amendment and its compliance with the criteria lies with the applicant. Unless all criteria are successfully met by demonstrable facts, an amendment shall not be approved. Who May Initiate Amendments 1. City Commission 2. Landowner of affected property 3. Interested members of the public 4. Planning Board and City Staff may suggest amendments to the City Commission ZONING AMENDMENT REVIEW Zoning establishes many of the standards and review processes for the use of land. Amendments to zoning change those rules with far reaching consequences. Therefore, Deleted: plan Deleted: ¶ Deleted: ; Deleted: plan Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... zoning amendments are reviewed deliberately and in public. Review must be fair to all, allow for identification and resolution of concerns, and provide meaningful opportunities for participation. Intent and Background Sections 76-2-301, et seq., Montana Code Annotated, authorizes local governments to adopt zoning. As each community uses zoning differently, the authorization identifies certain purposes and processes but leaves most of the details to each community. Chapter 38, Unified Development Ordinance, City of Bozeman municipal code has the local details. Here’s a statute that attempts to explain the purposes of municipal zoning: “76-2-301. Municipal zoning authorized. For the purpose of promoting health, safety, morals, or the general welfare of the community, the City or town council or other legislative body of cities and incorporated towns is hereby empowered to regulate and restrict the height, number of stories, and size of buildings and other structures; the percentage of lot that may be occupied; the size of yards, courts, and other open spaces; the density of population; and the location and use of buildings, structures, and land for trade, industry, residence, or other purposes.” What does it mean to be zoned? It means the City has adopted standards and procedures for the development and use of property within the City. Zoning indicates the character of an area by applying use and development standards to an individual property. Essentially, zoning addresses compatibility between uses. There is a lot more to it but in a broad brush that’s the essence. Chapter 38 of the Bozeman Municipal Code is the zoning code. The City applies standards and procedures to individual properties through the zoning map. The City will not modify those standards and procedures without public notice and participation. The City does not represent or commit to anyone that the standards and procedures will not change. How is zoning applied to property? The zoning map shows the designation that applies to each property. The zoning map covers all area within the boundaries of the City. The zoning district map assigns a designation to each property in the City. Once applied, the standards and procedures for each district apply to land designated within each district until the City amends the map or text of Chapter 38. Since 1935, the City has adopted a change to the zoning map or text 500 times including replacing the entire code 19 times. The most recent overall replacement took effect in March 2018. Deleted: city Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... Who can change the zoning text or map? As a legislative action, amendments are made through a process called a “map” or a “text” amendment. There is a defined public process for such changes to occur. See X.4 for a summary of that process. Only the City Commission can approve an amendment and only after notifying the public of the possible change and giving people a chance to participate in the change. The City Commission, Zoning Commission, a citizen, or landowner(s) can initiate amendments as stated in 38.260, BMC. What is needed to justify a change in a zoning district map or text? A change to the zoning text or map is a legislative action. The City Commission can initiate or approve amendments when they believe they are appropriate. In determining whether to begin a City initiated amendment the Commission can consider broad legislative factors such as the passage of time, changes in the needs of the community, outside actions like court decisions or new laws, whether the existing map or text is reaching the intended outcome, and changes like installation of new infrastructure. Some examples include: a. State or federal law changes that the zoning must address or with which it is in conflict. b. Court decisions changing the interpretation of meaning of law that interacts with zoning. c. Change in circumstances: the current zoning does not comply with the City’s adopted Community Plan (i.e. its growth policy) policies within the Growth Policy have changed, land is annexed, or infrastructure is newly available. d. an owner requests the change and the request meets required standards. Items a and b are most likely to generate changes in the text; items c and d are more likely to generate changes in the zoning map. In considering zone map amendments, The City’s the longstanding practice is to consider item d as an adequate justification in itself for consideration of a zoning map change. In doing so, applicant/property owner must demonstrate the requested change meets the required criteria and guidelines for an amendment. The City’s zoning establishes what responsibilities exist, such as controlling stormwater, and requires people to meet those responsibilities. Zoning also addresses the balance of interests between adjacent properties by defining districts where similar uses can be compatible and providing for transitions and buffers between zoning districts where the City determines it necessary to control impacts and prevent the use of one person’s property right from inappropriately impacting another. When such protections are in place it is Deleted: city Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... appropriate for the land owner to have opportunity to ask for changes to zoning. If an owner does not show that criteria and guidelines are successfully met the City Commission can choose not to approve the change. This does not prevent the City from initiating a change on its own. To provide transparency in decision making, accountability, and public participation the zone map or text amendment process requires public notice and hearings. Before any action to approve an amendment, the Commission must address the criteria, which provide guidance in deciding whether an amendment is acceptable. Review Criteria for Zoning Amendments and Their Application This section includes the four criteria and five guidelines for zoning amendments. These are from state law. It gives an overview of how those criteria and guidelines apply during the review of individual zoning amendments. Section 76-2-304 of state law establishes the criteria, section (1), and guidelines, section (2), for the creation and amendment of zoning. Due to the range of subjects the applicability of any individual criterion may be of more or less importance. The City Commission must find the applicable criteria are either met or not applicable. Below is the state statute that provide the criteria and guidelines for zoning decisions: 76-2-304. Criteria and guidelines for zoning regulations. 1. Zoning regulations must be: a. made in accordance with a growth policy; and b. designed to: i. secure safety from fire and other dangers; ii. promote public health, public safety, and the general welfare; and iii. facilitate the adequate provision of transportation, water, sewerage, schools, parks, and other public requirements. 2. In the adoption of zoning regulations, the municipal governing body shall consider: a. reasonable provision of adequate light and air; b. the effect on motorized and nonmotorized transportation systems; c. promotion of compatible urban growth; d. the character of the district and its peculiar suitability for particular uses; and Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... e. conserving the value of buildings and encouraging the most appropriate use of land throughout the jurisdictional area. How the criteria and guidelines are applied Under state law, zoning regulations must be “made in accordance with a growth policy.” This criterion gives the Commission latitude; for zoning map amendments a correlation to the future land use map is essential. Beyond that, policy statements such as goals and objectives are weighed. In a text amendment, policy statements weigh heavily as the standards being created or revised implement the growth policy’s aspirations and intent. The City must balance many issues in approving urban development. So, it is not unusual if there is some tension between competing priorities, even if there is no explicit contradiction of policy. As shown in the state statute, zoning must also “be designed to: a) secure safety from fire and other dangers; b) promote public health, public safety, and the general welfare; and c) facilitate the adequate provision of transportation, water, sewerage, schools, parks, and other public requirements. For a map amendment, all three of the above elements are addressed primarily by the City’s long range facility Plans, the City’s capital improvements program, and development standards adopted by the City. The standards set minimum sizing and flow requirements, require dedication of parks, provision of right of way for people and vehicles, keep development out of floodplains, and other items to address public safety, etc. It is often difficult to assess these issues in detail on a specific site. For example, at the time of annexation, the final intensity of development is unknown and it may be many years before development occurs and the impacts are experienced. The availability of other Planning and development review tools must be considered when deciding the degree of assurance needed to apply an initial zoning at annexation. The City’s building codes reduce reliance on zoning to address other elements of public safety. For example, requirements for fire sprinklers for larger buildings are addressed in the building codes but not in the zoning code. In addition, the subdivision review process lays out the backbone for public infrastructure. This includes most water, sewer, stormwater, and street facilities. Development review under zoning procedures gives a final check on infrastructure capaCity when there is a known intended intensity of use and condition of facilities. Deleted: plans Deleted: planning Deleted: capacity Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... Considering what infrastructure is already present, such as in infill situations, or whether placing one zoning district next to another may reduce travel distances and increase walkability, are also factors that can play into this criterion. It is not only about production of more but also of best use of public facilities. If a proposed change to the map is contrary to the facility Plans, or causes substantial inadequacy over the long term, then denial of the amendment may be warranted. 2) In the adoption of zoning regulations, the municipal governing body shall consider: a) reasonable provision of adequate light and air; Bozeman has established generally applicable standards for setbacks, park dedication, on-site open space, and building design standards to address this requirement. This is done during the creation of the zoning text. Therefore, when considering changes to the map, this issue is addressed for all districts. In addition, the building codes have standards for ingress and egress, ventilation, and related subjects that further support delivery of adequate light and air. Care is needed if the City revises the standards themselves. b) the effect on motorized and nonmotorized transportation systems; This guideline looks at the anticipated change that may occur due to the amendment. It does not require there to be less of an impact than from the existing condition whether it be text or map that is the focus. The City relies upon its long-range transportation Plan to evaluate transportation needs over the long term for motorized vehicles as well as bikes and pedestrians. The park and trail Plan also considers options for extending the trail network. Plans are periodically updated to keep them applicable to current conditions. Review of development proposals as subdivisions or site development looks at the transportation, park and trail, and facility Plans, considers existing conditions, and then requires additional on and off-site improvements needed to meet the additional demand expected from new development. Development creates or funds many of the City’s local streets, intersection upgrades, and trails. Therefore, although a text or map amendment may allow more intense development than before, compliance with the adopted Plans and standards will provide adequate capaCity to offset that increase. The City’s development Deleted: plans Deleted: plan Deleted: plan Deleted: plans Deleted: plans Deleted: capacity Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... standards require on-site parking for bicycles and motor vehicles and pedestrian circulation within each site. Articles 38.4 and 38.5 of the UDC regulate parking and circulation. If the Commission considers a substantial change to the standards it must examine the cumulative impacts. The capaCity of a street to handle traffic can be viewed differently by local residents, traffic engineers, and Planners. The long-range transportation Plan establishes the standards for what is “too much” on each class of road. The impact of additional development is not excessive so long as the Planned capaCity of the road is not exceeded. New development contributes to the creation of additional capaCity through dedication of right of way, construction or reconstruction of streets, payment of impact fees, and other contributions as may be applicable to a specific project. These requirements may mitigate the impacts of additional development. Development that is more intense requires greater transportation capaCity. So, it is good, but not required, to have more intensive districts near arterial and collector roads. c) promotion of compatible urban growth; This guideline focuses on what happens at the edge of the City, as well as what occurs in the heart of the City. Section 38.700.040, BMC defines the factors considered in determining compatibility. This definition explicitly rejects uniformity as being necessary for compatibility. Compatibility is considered within districts, as well as between districts. The determination of compatibility happens at several levels, including: 1) what uses are allowed within each district; 2) creation of standards for new development to lessen impacts to adjacent land/persons; 3) creation of building and site design standards; and 4) application of future land use areas through the community Plan and development of the zoning map. When the Commission considers a text amendment, the majority of the focus is on items 1 - 3, above. What combination of uses under what conditions can work well together? There is a wide range of possible answers for each community to consider. Some communities take a highly prescriptive worst-case view and try to restrain all possible points of perceived conflict. This tends to create a very homogenous community with little interest or scope for creativity. Bozeman takes a different approach. The worst-case scenario is Deleted: capacity Deleted: planners Deleted: plan Deleted: planned capacity Deleted: capacity Deleted: capacity Deleted: plan Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... recognized as unlikely but possible. Development standards deal with the majority of cases, while restraining extraordinary problems. An example is stormwater management where a certain minimum level of control is required but there are many acceptable alternatives to address the issue. When considering zoning map amendments, the Commission first looks at the future land use map created by the growth policy. See discussion under Criterion 1(a) above. That Planning process looks at a very high level at various policies to identify community priorities. In Bozeman’s case, those policies consistently emphasize quality of development, infill in a manner that allows for additional intensification over time, connecting land development to other community priorities like multi-modal transportation, cost efficient user-pays provision of facilities, and reasonable incremental development at the City edge. These, and other, policies influence the layout of the future land use map. The City creates standards under items 1-3 so that when one district is adjacent to another, and is consistent with the growth policy, any physical conflicts will be minimal if present at all. The City’s zoning policy encourages continued development of mixed uses. This is seen in the older areas of the City, which were built before zoning. The City uses the broad scope of its development standards to enable differing uses to be successful near each other. This shows on the zoning map where districts providing a wide diversity of uses are intermixed. d) the character of the district and its peculiar suitability for particular uses; and The second element of this guideline reflects the application of the statutory criteria to a wide diversity of purposes and communities. Some land has a unique physical attribute that makes it more appropriate for one use than another. That attribute may be inherent in the land itself or due to proximity to something else. For example, the City’s land adjacent to the East Gallatin River is well suited for the Public Lands and Institutions district because it supports both recreational functions in Story Mill Park and an essential water treatment role next to the Water Reclamation Facility. The character of a district is seen from a couple different viewpoints. First, when considering an amendment to the text, the integration of a proposed change is evaluated with the other standards, purposes, and Deleted: planning Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... criteria of site review. If the new change conflicts with other text, then the new change should be rejected, or other revisions made, so that the overall standards for a given district support one another. Second, when considering an amendment to the zoning map both the actual and possible built environment are evaluated. If the amendment is accompanying an annexation request there is often a substantial change in use that will occur. In this case, the Commission must look at what the growth policy recommends for the area, as there is less built context to provide guidance. A zoning district change for land already within the City requires greater consideration of the current actual and possible environment. Most of Bozeman has zoning that allows more development than the current owners utilize. This reflects many personal preferences and economic decisions. There is no specified distance in state law or local code outside of the boundary of a map amendment that describes the “district” to be considered. The City provides direct notice to landowners out to 200 feet from the outer boundary of the area to be given a new zoning designation by the map amendment. This is notice, not the distance that dictates the extent of the analysis. Impacts from a zoning change may be less or more than 200 feet depending on the nature of the change and what already exists. State law recognizes that persons owning land within 150 feet have a unique interest in the decision to rezone and gives them the ability to protest the zoning. It is notable that the protest does not stop a rezoning but requires a greater majority of the Commission to approve. If there is adequate reason for the change, it can go forward. Nothing in the zoning amendment or site review criteria requires the Commission restrict one owner because an adjacent owner chooses to not use all zoning potential. The City is not obligated to enforce or recognize any privately imposed restrictions, such as a covenant, on land. Such restrictions are not subject to the same public notice or participation requirements as City actions. Landowners have both rights and obligations. To find that an amendment application should be approved, the application materials and review need show the amendment meets the required criteria for approval. This is a very site specific evaluation and can consider, but is not obligated to give preference to, what adjacent owners have chosen to do with their property. When evaluating compliance with criteria it is Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... appropriate to consider all the options allowed by the requested district and not only what the present applicant describes as their intensions. The City Commission must consider several items in its decision on a zone map amendment. First, the Commission must consider the nature of the dominant uses allowed in a district compared with adjacent properties. For example, are they both residential or is one residential and another non-residential. Bozeman has an existing pattern of diverse zoning districts in proximity to each other. Second, the Commission should consider differences in allowed intensity between the districts such as differences in height, setbacks, or lot coverage. The greater the difference the more likely conflict is possible. An incremental change between R-1 and R-2 for example, has the same setbacks, and very similar maximum heights. Next, the Commission must decide whether a larger community benefit exists such as locating a fire station where it will serve the adjacent property but is different from the surrounding zoning. Finally, the Commission must ask what separates one zone from another? The City strives to locate zoning boundaries along visible and natural dividing lines such as streets, trail corridors, creeks, or parks. At a minimum, zoning boundaries should follow property boundaries. The greater the physical separation the less likely there may be a conflict. A local street, typically 60 feet wide, when combined with the standards for site development, is generally considered an adequate separation even for substantially different districts. e) conserving the value of buildings and encouraging the most appropriate use of land throughout the jurisdictional area. There are two elements to this guideline. First, conserving the value of buildings applies to changes that may lessen the functional utility of a property. Changes that increase opportunities on a property are unlikely to fail this test. Some reduction in value can happen with adequate justification. Requiring a development to mitigate impacts on its site that lowers development potential is acceptable. The need for that mitigation must be demonstrated. Assertions that allowing a more intensive zoning may lessen values on adjacent properties is best addressed under the guideline regarding the character of the district. The financial value of land changes constantly based on many factors. Properties considered undesirable at one time may be sought after as circumstances change or the Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... reverse. Value may be primarily in the eye of the beholder and not supported by neutral and objective evaluation. There is no defined decline in financial value or utility that proves an automatic failure of this guideline. Encouraging the most appropriate use of land connects back to criterion 1(a) and the growth policy and guideline 2(d) and peculiar suitability for particular uses. The future land use map and policies of the growth policy should merge to establish priorities for land use that consider whether a given location is genuinely unique. There are circumstances where combinations of uses such as high density housing close to employment, community amenities, and transportation reinforce each other. PUBLIC REVIEW AND HEARING PROCEDURES An amendment to the zoning text or map can be initiated by a property owner or by the City Commission. Division 38.260, BMC has the requirements for initiating an amendment. A general outline of the public hearing process for an application follows. As a legislative process, the City Commission has discretion in making their decision. An important part of the amendment review process is the opportunity to offer comments on the proposal. Any interested person or group may give comments. The public hearing process formally provides this opportunity. Persons for, against, or merely seeking information about the proposal may speak to the appointed or elected officials who must review the request. The required public hearings on a zoning amendment are by the Zoning Commission and the City Commission. The Zoning Commission gives a recommendation to the City Commission regarding the proposed amendment’s compliance with the review criteria. The typical format for a public hearing on a zoning amendment is as follows: 1. The public hearing are advertised as required by state law and Division 38.220 of the City of Bozeman Municipal Code. Written public comments may be submitted to the City prior to the beginning of the public hearing. 2. The public hearing will be conducted at the time and place advertised. 3. Announcement of the request by the Mayor or the Chair. 4. Report on the review by the Department of Community Development, including an analysis of compliance with the growth policy, review criteria, and a recommendation of approval or denial. Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... 5. Presentation by applicant and applicant’s representative(s). In the event the amendment is initiated by the City, this is usually the same as step 4 above. 6. Questions from the City Commission or Zoning Commission to staff or applicant. 7. The public hearing is opened with persons able to speak for, against, or to seek additional information from applicant or staff. A time limit may be established for each speaker. Commenters may also submit comments in writing. The public is encouraged to provide in their comments a factual basis related to specific review criteria for their support or opposition to an amendment. 8. When all persons have had opportunity to speak, the public hearing will be closed and the City Commission or Zoning Commission will then return discussion of the project to themselves. 9. The City Commission or Zoning Commission will evaluate the application materials, the staff report, public written and spoken testimony, and the amendment review criteria and procedures. The City Commission or Zoning Commission may inquire of staff, applicants, or the public for clarification or additional information in order to complete their evaluation. 10. A majority vote of a defined Zoning Commission quorum is adequate to render a decision. 11. The Zoning Commission will forward a recommendation to the City Commission. 12. After the City Commission has conducted their public hearing, they make their decision on the record established during the public hearing. This includes the application materials, staff report, Zoning Commission recommendation, public comments, and all other relevant material presented during the review. 13. When the City Commission has rendered their decision the process for a formal two-step ordinance adoption as required in state law is required before any amendment is final. 14. An approval or denial of amendment may be appealed to District Court after a final decision has been rendered. Appeals are subject to the requirements of state law. Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... SUBDIVISION REVIEW Subdivisions set the “bones” for a community by establishing the locations for roads, parks, and lots for development. How a subdivision is designed and reviewed can impact Bozeman’s citizens for many years to come. Review must be fair to all, allow for identification and resolution of concerns, and provide meaningful opportunities for participation. Intent and Background Local governments in Montana must review proposed subdivisions. Section 76-3- 101 et seq. Montana Code Annotated governs the review of subdivisions. Section 76-3-501 et seq. MCA requires all municipal and county governments to establish subdivision review regulations and establishes the minimum requirements for those regulations. In addition, Section 76-1-601 MCA requires that a growth policy discuss and address various elements of the subdivision review process. This chapter meets the requirement. Title 76, Chapter 3 MCA contains the requirements and restrictions upon both public and private parties for subdivision review and platting. For full information on this subject interested parties are referred to Title 76, Montana Code Annotated, and Division 38.240 Unified Development Ordinance, City of Bozeman municipal code. Creation of a subdivision often precedes or accompanies a change in the use of that land. A subdivision generally remains in perpetuity and continues to influence the location and intensity of land uses within and adjacent to the subdivision. Therefore, subdivisions are strongly connected to the comprehensive Planning process and may significantly advance or hinder public goals. Because of this strong influence all subdivisions must comply with the Bozeman growth policy. The subdivision and zoning regulations adopted by the City to direct and govern the review and use of land must also conform to the Bozeman growth policy. Review Participants Many agencies and review bodies review subdivisions. Reviews are conducted by each agency as needed. The purpose of these reviews is to verify compliance with law and identify concerns which may require mitigation. These entities may include, but are not limited to: • City staff • Recreation and Parks Advisory Board • Private Utilities such as power and telecommunications • MT Fish, Wildlife, and Parks • MT Dept. of Transportation Deleted: planning Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... • Pedestrian & Traffic Safety Committee • Irrigation companies • Planning Board • Gallatin County Definitions and Review Procedures This section defines the six state established primary criteria for subdivision review and gives an overview of how those criteria are used during the review of subdivisions. Agriculture Agriculture is defined as: The cultivation or tilling of soil or use of other growing medium for the purpose of producing vegetative materials for sale or for use in a commercial operation and/or the raising or tending of animals for commercial sale or use. Agriculture does not include gardening for personal use, keeping of house pets or animals as authorized under chapter 8 of the municipal code, service animals as defined by the Americans with Disabilities Act, or landscaping for aesthetic purposes. The following presumptions apply. 1) Property annexed or seeking to be annexed within the depicted urban area shown on the future land use map will generally not be utilized for agricultural purposes over the long term. 2) Agriculture may be appropriate within the City in limited areas where physical constraints make an area undesirable for the construction of buildings, or in support of a commercial business such as a Plant nursery or a common community garden. 3) Urban density development within the City of Bozeman facilitates the preservation of agriculture in Gallatin County. It provides a location for the development of residential and employment activities in a compact and efficient manner. This reduces pressure to convert agricultural lands to non-agricultural uses in the county. 4) Undeveloped lands within the City not constrained by physical features should be developed at urban densities. This enables infill development and reduces outward expansion of the City. Agricultural Water User Facilities Agricultural water user facilities are defined as: Those facilities, which include but are not limited to ditches, pipes, and other water-conveying facilities, which Deleted: city Deleted: plant Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... provide water for irrigation and stock watering on agricultural lands, with said lands being defined in MCA 15-7-202 The following presumptions apply. 1) Agricultural uses are not generally urban uses. The transition of agricultural lands to urban uses will often remove the need for agricultural water user facilities within the urbanized area. Where a need for protection due to ongoing use for water conveyance can be demonstrated provision for protection of the facility must be made. 2) The formal abandonment and removal of all agricultural water user facilities within the City shall occur in accordance with Montana law. Should the beneficial use cease in the future an easement for protection of agricultural water user facilities may be removed. 3) The use of agricultural water user facilities for storm water does not constitute beneficial use for the purposes of presumption 2 above. Storm water facilities may require separate easements or other procedures. Local Services Local Services means: All services provided by governmental bodies for the benefit of citizens. This includes, but is not limited to, police, fire, water, recreation, streets, parks, libraries, schools, wastewater, and solid waste collection and disposal. Those criteria to which a specific response and evaluation of impact must be made are listed within the City subdivision regulations. The following presumptions apply. 1) When the City assessed needs and means of addressing those needs, subdividers will not be required to duplicate that work without good cause. If the City has completed a portion of a required assessment the subdivider may be required to submit the remaining portion of the necessary information. 2) CapaCity and capability in local services is limited. All development shall equitably participate in providing adequate services for itself, including replacement of consumed reserve capaCity. Development shall meet levels of service and facility design standards established by the City. 3) Response times, physical space within facilities, compliance with applicable facility Plans, and general design of local service facilities within proposed subdivisions shall be addressed during the preliminary plat review and necessary mitigation provided. Deleted: Capacity Deleted: capacity Deleted: plans Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... 4) Lack of adequate service capaCity and capability within local services is adequate grounds for denial of subdivision approval when impacts of proposed subdivisions are not mitigated. Effect on the Natural Environment The natural environment is defined as: The physical conditions which exist within a given area, including land, water, mineral, flora, fauna, noise, light, and objects of historic or aesthetic significance. The following presumptions apply. 1) The natural environment is fundamentally linked with our economic development, as an attraction to new and expanding businesses, a tourist destination, and a basic component of Bozeman’s character. 2) The natural environment should be conserved and development should respect significant natural features and systems. Impacts to consider include road locations, storm water treatment and discharges, potential contamination of ground or surface water, building placement, and others that may be identified through subdivision, zoning, data inventories, and other implementation tools. Mitigation of negative development impacts is required. Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat Wildlife means animals that are neither human, domesticated, nor feral descendants of commonly domesticated animals; and wildlife habitat means the place or type of habitat where wildlife naturally thrives. Habitat excludes areas developed for human use or habitation including agriculture. The following presumptions apply. 1) Lands within the designated urban area are typically utilized for purposes which reduce their value as wildlife habitat and development will have a minor impact. Watercourse corridors and wetlands are an exception to this presumption. The designated urban area is all lands except [Present Rural] shown on the future land use map. 2) The habitat needs of larger and/or predatory wildlife species such as deer, moose, bears, coyotes, or similar species will not be met within urban density development and will likely be in conflict with people. Therefore, these types of animals are found to be undesirable within the City boundaries. Deleted: capacity Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... 3) Smaller species, especially birds, are compatible within urban density development and should be preserved, including the encouragement of suitable habitats. 4) High value wetlands, stream corridors, and similar high value habitats should be preserved in accordance with the City’s adopted standards. These provide a variety of recreational, environmental sustainability, and safety values such as flood control as well as habitat. Public Health and Safety Public health and safety means a condition of optimal well-being, free from danger or injury, for a community at large, as well as for an individual or small group of persons. The following presumptions apply. 1) Health is a comprehensive subject and threats to health include chronic as well as acute hazards. 2) Subdivision design should encourage physical activity and a healthy community. 3) The creation of hazards to public health and safety are not acceptable and appropriate mitigation must be provided. 4) Some level of risk is present in all locations and times despite efforts to prevent harm. Individual developments are not solely responsible for the correction of risks which are common to all. They should equitably participate in common solutions to common problems. However, the presence of common risks, such as inadequate public services, may prevent approval of a development until the hazard has been removed or corrected. The developer of a subdivision may not accept hazards to public health and safety on behalf of future residents or owners of a subdivision by declaring that necessary infrastructure improvements or other actions are unnecessary. Public Hearing Procedures An important part of the subdivision review process is the opportunity to offer comments on the proposal. Comments may be given by any interested person. This opportunity is formally provided by the public comment/hearing process. Persons for, against, or merely seeking information about the proposal may send written comments to the City for transmittal to the appointed or elected officials Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... who review the subdivision, or speak at a public hearing. The public hearing, when one is required by state law, on a subdivision proposal may be held by either the Planning Board and/or the City Commission. The individual body to hold the public hearing is set by ordinance. Planning Board recommends to the City Commission regarding the proposed subdivision’s compliance with the Bozeman Community Plan. More than one public hearing may be held. Regardless of which body holds a hearing a similar procedure is required. Generally, the format for a subdivision public hearing is as follows: 1) The public hearing will be advertised as required by state law and Divisions 38.220 and 38.240 of the City of Bozeman Municipal Code. 2) The public hearing will be conducted at the time and place advertised. 3) Announcement of the project by the Mayor or the President of the Board. 4) Report on the project by the Department of Community Development, including an analysis of compliance with the Bozeman Community Plan, regulatory standards and a recommendation of approval, denial, or approval with conditions 5) Presentation by applicant and applicant’s representative(s). 6) Questions from the Commission or Planning Board to staff or applicant. 7) The public hearing/comment is opened with persons able to speak for, against, or to seek additional information from applicant or staff. A time limit may be established for each speaker. The public is encouraged to provide a factual basis for their support or opposition to a subdivision and base their comments on subdivision review criteria. 8) When all persons have had opportunity to speak, the public hearing/comment will be closed and the Commission or Planning Board will then return discussion of the project to themselves. 9) The Commission or Planning Board will evaluate the application materials, the staff report, public testimony, and the requirements of subdivision law and regulations. The Commission or Planning Board may inquire of staff, applicants, or the public for clarification or additional information in order to complete their evaluation. 10) A majority vote of a defined Planning Board quorum is adequate to render a decision. 11) The Planning Board will forward a recommendation to the City Commission. Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶... 12) The City Commission will make their decision on the record established during the review of the subdivision. The record includes all application materials, staff review, public comments, and other materials provided prior to the Commission’s action. 13) When the City Commission has rendered their decision they will cause findings of fact to be prepared which establishes the official record and decision. 14) An approval or denial of a subdivision may be appealed to District Court after a final decision has been rendered. Appeals are subject to the requirements of state law. Deleted: BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN UPDATE¶...