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BOZEMANMT COMMUNITY PLAN
PHASE 4: GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
July 16, 2019, Preliminary Draft for Discussion, V10
A. THE SHAPE OF THE CITY | The urban character of our well-planned City is defined by
urban edges, varied skyline, pedestrian-friendly streetscapes, and integration with the
natural landscape that surrounds us.
Rationale – The City’s primary function is to provide a safe, healthy, and high quality
environment for its citizens. Residents have consistently stated a desire for excellent
streets meeting adopted levels of service, buildings, and neighborhoods as well as
stewardship of the natural environment in compliance with all permitting standards.
The City contributes to these goals by providing infrastructures, public services and
design standards to create a framework within which citizens pursue their individual
aspirations.
1. Goal: Ensure that all City actions support the continued development of the City
consistent with its adopted plans and standards.
Initial Objective(s):
a) Enhance collaboration between City agencies to ensure quality design and
innovation across the public and private realm.
b) Seek opportunities to develop reasonable and relevant metrics for land use and
development within the City’s planning area to determine whether the intent of
this plan is being accomplished.
c) Prioritize human well-being and health over the near and long term in the
creation and implementation of City land development standards.
Indicator Source Frequency Notes
Citizen Survey International City
Manager’s
Association (ICMA) –
National Citizen
Survey
Annual Statistically valid
survey could be
repeated to monitor
trends over time.
Commented [JH1]: Source yet to be determined,
including APA resources. Direct customer surveys to be
explored.
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B. A CITY OF NEIGHBORHOODS | Our City is made up of a series of diverse and
inclusive neighborhoods, defined by our commercial nodes, a variety of quality
housing, walkable centers, schools, and parks.
1. Goal: Support well-planned, walkable neighborhoods
Rationale – Walkability builds social capital, and offers benefits to our health, the
environment, our finances, and our communities.
Initial Objective(s):
a) Maintain block and lot design standards throughout City neighborhoods
b) Promote the development of accessory dwelling units as a means of addressing
goals surrounding affordability and density
c) Replace and maintain missing or damaged sidewalk elements
d) Ensure plentiful multimodal connections between adjacent developments so
that identity is not based on individual subdivisions
e) Increase connectivity between parks and neighborhoods through continued
trail and sidewalk development with prioritization of closing gaps in the trail
and sidewalk network
f) Promote housing diversity to include “missing middle” housing including two
and three-household townhomes and rowhouses
Indicator Source Frequency Notes
Walk Score Walk Score® Annual Distance to
amenities.
Intersection
Density
City of Bozeman
GIS Division
Annual Trail networks may
be considered in
addition to
roadways.
Residential Density State of Montana
Department of
Revenue
Real-Time Gross dwelling units
per acre of
residentially zoned
and developed land
by zoning district.
2. Goal: Pursue simultaneous emergence of commerce support nodes and
residential development through diverse mechanisms in appropriate locations
Rationale – Commercial areas are essential elements in walkable neighborhoods.
The timing for when services become available influences how people understand
their neighborhood, assists in building positive travel habits, and shortens travel
distances and time. Services near to homes improves access to all the citizens of
the community, provides places for informal social interactions, and provides
identifying landmarks.
Initial Objective(s):
Commented [CS2]: Definition:
A Walkable neighborhood has
•A center, whether it's a main street or a public space.
•People: Enough people for businesses to flourish and for
public transit to run frequently.
•Mixed income, mixed use: Affordable housing located near
businesses.
•Parks and public space: Functional and pleasant public
places to gather and play.
•Pedestrian design: Buildings are close to the street, parking
lots are relegated to the back.
•Schools and workplaces: Close enough that walking to and
from home to these destinations is realistic.
•Complete streets: Streets designed for bicyclists,
pedestrians, and transit.
Commented [JH3]: Also occurs in B.5
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a) Ensure necessary zoning is included on the zoning map to locate commerce
support nodes early in the development process
b) Investigate options to encourage development of commerce concurrent with or
soon after residential development
c) Evaluate design standards for easily adaptable buildings so that buildings can
serve an initial residential purpose and be readily converted to commercial uses
when adequate market support for commercial services exists or revert to
residential
Indicator Source Frequency Notes
Commercial Nodes City of Bozeman
Community
Development
Department
Annual Total acreage of
“functioning” nodes
within ‘Community
Commercial Mixed
Use’ future land use
designation.
Commercial
Accessibility
City of Bozeman GIS
Division
Annual % of
residents/households
within ½ 1 mile of
commercial activity
3. Goal: Promote a diverse supply of quality housing units
Rationale – There are many different housing needs in our community. No one type
of housing will address all needs. Areas with mixed housing types allow people to
relocate if needed to meet changing needs with a minimum of disruption to their
lives and are less susceptible to changing housing preferences. Housing scarcity
limits citizen’s ability to meet their needs and pursue their aspirations.
Initial Objective(s):
a) Encourage distribution of affordable housing units throughout the City with
priority given to locations near commercial, recreational, and transit
opportunities in conjunction with economic development concerns
b) Incentivize affordable housing development through coordination of
infrastructure and funding
c) Promote construction of accessory dwelling units
d) The future land use map shall include adequate residentially designated areas
for anticipated future and unmet need for housing
e) Limit the areas zoned for single type housing
f) Discourage private covenants that restrict housing diversity or are contrary to
City land development policies
g) Encourage neighborhood focal point development with functions, activities and
facilities which can be sustained over time
h) Identify and zone appropriate locations for neighborhood-scale commercial
development
Commented [JH4]: 50% capacity buildout.
Commented [JH5]: Specific types to be explored.
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Indicator Source Frequency Notes
Housing Stock
Diversity
State of Montana
Department of
Revenue
Real-Time Square footage, # of
beds, # of baths,
normalized by
taxable market
value.
Housing Cost
Burden
Census American
Community Survey
(ACS)
Annual % of households
spending more than
30% of income on
housing costs.
Rentals Census American
Community Survey
(ACS)
Annual % of residential units
that serve as full-
time residences.
4. Goal: Distribute growth throughout the City, including a gradual increase in
intensity within developed areas
Rationale – Development within the City at urban densities lessens development
pressure on rural areas. Urban development is more likely to support functional
transit systems, functional parks, and destinations within reach by walking. Little
of Bozeman is developed to the full potential allowed by existing zoning. This allows
for gradual changes supported by existing infrastructure to maximize overall
community value for its infrastructure investments. Growth of the City will be
comprised of both increased intensity in existing areas and annexation of land for
new development.
Initial Objective(s):
a) Support higher density development along main corridors and high visibility
street corners to accommodate population growth and support businesses
b) Encourage convergence of public transit routes and placement of affordable
housing developments
c) Identify and zone appropriate locations for neighborhood-scale commercial
development
d) Evaluate revisions to maximum building height limits in multi-household,
commercial, industrial, and mixed use zoning districts to account for revised
building methods, building code changes, and effect of incremental changes
e) Evaluate and where appropriate, pursue coordinated improvements and
facilities to mitigate development impacts for multiple developments rather than
requiring each site to be fully self-supporting
f) Review and update minimum development intensity requirements in residential
and non-residential zoning districts
g) Coordinate land use planning with infrastructure to the benefit to economic
development and other goals
Commented [JH6]: Here is an established method to
evaluate diversity
http://www.countrysideinfo.co.uk/simpsons.htm . Consider
both as a City wide rating and by zoning district as an
upgrade to our annual land use report?
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Indicator Source Frequency Notes
Residential
Density
State of Montana
Department of
Revenue
Real-Time Gross dwelling units per
acre of residentially
zoned and developed
land by zoning district
Commercial
Density
State of Montana
Department of
Revenue
Real-Time Gross commercial units
per acre of commercially
zoned and developed
land by zoning district
Population
Density
Census Annual
Commented [JH7]: Split per Board request.
Commented [JH8]: Split per Board request.
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C. A CITY BOLSTERED BY DOWNTOWN AND COMPLEMENTARY DISTRICTS | Our City
is bolstered by our Downtown, Midtown, University and other commercial districts
and neighborhood centers that are characterized by higher densities and
intensification of use.
1. Goal: Encourage multimodal connectivity within the City
Rationale – The growing community is increasing the need for a variety mobility
types to meet individual needs for goods, services, and job opportunities. In
addition, transportation modes and technology are rapidly evolving and must be
considered with the development of the City.
Initial Objective(s):
a) Expand multimodal accessibility between districts and throughout the City as a
means of promoting personal and environmental health, as well as reducing
automobile dependency
b) Support implementation of the Bozeman Transportation Master Plan strategies
c) Encourage increased development intensity along key district corridors
d) Evaluate parking requirements and methods of providing parking to meet the
need for vehicle parking as part of the overall transportation system for and
between districts
Indicator Source Frequency Notes
Commute Mode
Share
Census American
Community Survey
(ACS)
Annual
Walk Score Walk Score® Annual Distance to
amenities.
Bike Score TBD Annual Distance to
amenities.
Transit Score TBD Annual Distance to
amenities.
2. Goal: Support urban development within the City
Rationale – Reduce development pressure on viable agricultural areas and support
reduced consumption of land.
Initial Objective(s):
a) Coordinate infrastructure maintenance and upgrades to support infill
development, reduce costs, and minimize disruption to the public
b) Prioritize the acquisition and preservation of open space that supports
community values, addresses gaps in functionality and needs, and does not
impede development of the community
c) Evaluate alternatives for more intensive development in proximity to high
visibility corners, services, and parks.
Commented [JH9]: Needs further review. See also E.1
Commented [JH10]: Needs further review. See also E.1
Commented [JH11]: Needs further review. See also E.1
Commented [CS12]: Suggested definition:
“Infill. The development, further development, or
redevelopment of properties the City where water, sewer,
streets, and fire protection have been developed to urban
standards for at least 30 years.”
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d) Where annexation is needed pursue annexations consistent with the future land
use map and adopted facility plans at urban intensity.
e) Develop look inward policies for infill development.
f) Pursue acquisition and development of a diverse portfolio of water sources and
resources
g) Promote mixed-use developments with access to parks, open space, and transit
options
h) Support University efforts to attract commercial development near campus
Indicator Source Frequency Notes
Development vs.
Redevelopment
City of Bozeman
Community
Development
Department
Real-Time Development within
subdivisions platted
in more than and
less than 35 years
ago.
Residential Units City of Bozeman
Building Division Real-Time Number of
residential units
added compared to
overall population
growth (district vs.
citywide)
Commercial Units City of Bozeman
Building Division
Real-Time Number of
commercial units
added compared to
overall population
growth (district vs.
citywide)
Commented [JH13]: Split per Board request.
Commented [JH14]: Split per Board request.
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D. A CITY INFLUENCED BY OUR NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, PARKS, AND OPEN SPACE
| Our City is home to an outdoor-conscious population that celebrates and protects
our natural environment and immediate access to a well-managed open space and
parks system.
1. Goal: Prioritize the strategic acquisition of parks in Bozeman to provide a variety
of recreational opportunities throughout the City
Rationale – Parks, trails, and open space are critical components of Bozeman’s
character. Access to safe, well maintained parks, trials, and opens space, and
spaces and activities for, all people regardless of age or mobility, are necessary
components of the City.
Initial Objective(s):
a) Collaborate with partner agencies and organizations to establish sustainable
funding sources for ongoing operations of City green space
b) Coordinate dedication of parks by adjacent development to create larger and
more functional parks.
c) Incorporate unique recreational and artistic elements into existing parks
d) Research and implement multi-use features within parks to promote increased
intensity of use and visitation
e) Prioritize quality locations and features in parks over quantity
f) Work with partner organizations to identify at-risk, environmentally sensitive
parcels that contribute to water quality, wildlife corridors, and wildlife habitat.
Indicator Source Frequency Notes
Park Accessibility City of Bozeman GIS
Division
Real-Time % of residents/households
within ½ mile of parks, and
¼ mile to open space, and
trails
2. Goal: Consider impacts of changing climate in City’s transportation plan, utility,
recreation, and operations plans.
Rationale – The development and use of land is dependent on availability of water,
effective transportation, and other City functions. Changes in climate are both
documented and forecast to increase. Early response eases impacts and can be a
cost savings to the public. The City requires land development to do certain things.
Reviewing and where needed revising standards to account for changing climate is
responsible stewardship.
Initial Objective(s):
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a) Update land development standards to implement the Integrated Water
Resources Plan.
b) Ensure complete streets and finding long term resources for year round bike
and multi-use paths maintenance to improve utilization and reduce annual per
capita vehicle miles traveled.
c) Support development of formal maintenance standards including sidewalk
clearing, sidewalk surfaces, bike lanes and procedures for consistent
implementation.
d) In coordination with the sustainability division, provide public education on
energy conservation and diversified power generation alternatives with the city
limits.
e) Review and revise as needed stormwater standards to address changing storm
profiles
f) Review landscaping and open space standards for public and private open
spaces and adapt as needed.
g) Support water conservation, use of native plants in landscaping, and
development of water reuse systems
h) Review and as needed update development regulations to implement facility
and service plans
Indicator Source Frequency Notes
Community
Greenhouse Gas
Emissions
City of Bozeman
Sustainability
Division
Annual
Vehicle Miles
Traveled per capita
Montana Department
of Transportation
Annual Per capita.
Water
Consumption
City of Bozeman
Water Conservation
Division
Real-Time Gallons per capita
per day
3. Goal: Regulate the natural environment with consideration of impacts on
economic viability to maintain and improve habitat, water quantity, and water
quality.
Rationale – The City hosts a variety of critical lands that host an array of diverse
aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and support numerous species of plants and
animals. In addition, the City and County include ground and surface water
resources that cross jurisdictional boundaries. The City strives to maintain, and
where possible, improve environmental quality following best practices and
adhering to State and Federal law. Development must integrate harmoniously with
our natural environment and foster economic and social benefits for residents.
Through these measures, the City aims to maintain our aquatic and associated
terrestrial habitat, while preserving and enhancing water quality, for the benefit of
Bozeman residents and visitors.
Commented [JH15]: Future budget performance
measure, possible community dashboard element.
Commented [JH16]: Future budget performance
measure, possible community dashboard element.
Commented [JH17]: Metrics for this goal need to be
refined to a maximum of two indicators.
Page 10 of 16
Initial Objective(s):
a) Eliminate the reliance on private maintenance of public infrastructure, including
public parks, trail systems, and stormwater facilities.
b) Maintain and update as appropriate existing regulations to protect the
environment.
c) Pursue an inter-jurisdictional effort to establish baseline information on air
quality trends and enhance monitoring facilities
d) Increase the community's resiliency and preparedness to respond to climate
change
Indicator Source Frequency Notes
Water Quality City of Bozeman
Stormwater Division
Annual
Air Quality City of Bozeman
Sustainability
Division
Real-Time
Low Impact
Development (LID)
integration/expansion
City of Bozeman
Stormwater
Division
Annually TBD
Commented [JH18]: Part of our existing MS4 permit
requirement.
Commented [JH19]: May require partnership with the
State of Montana, per the Strategic Plan.
Page 11 of 16
E. A CITY THAT PRIORITIZES ACCESSIBILITY AND MOBILITY CHOICES| Our City
fosters the close proximity of housing, services, and jobs, and provides safe, efficient
mobility for pedestrians, cyclists, transit users, and drivers.
1. Goal: Multimodal accessibility
Rationale – Provide mobility that supports a healthy and active community,
affordability, sustainability, and economic development.
Initial Objective(s):
a) Prioritize mixed-use land use patterns. Encourage and enable the development
of housing, jobs, and services in close proximity.
b) Make transportation investment decisions that consider active transportation
modes and transit first.
c) Develop a core network of “AAA” (appropriate for all ages and abilities) bike
routes covering at least 75% of households and 75% of jobs are within ½ mile
of the network.
d) Transit Oriented Development: develop a trunk network of high-frequency,
priority transit service connecting major commercial nodes and coinciding with
increased density.
e) Integrate consideration of autonomous vehicles, rideshare, and other mobility
choices into land use regulations.
f) Develop safe, connected, permeable and complimentary transportation
networks for pedestrians and mobility-impaired users; bicyclists and other
medium-speed users (bicycles, e-bikes, electric scooters, etc.); and mother
vehicles.
g) Develop level of service standards for multi-modal travel.
Indicator Source Frequency Notes
Walking Mode
Share
Bicycle Mode
Share
Transit Mode Share
Census American
Community Survey
(Journey to Work)
Annual Each mode should
be tracked
individually
because each
mode requires
different strategies
Transit
Accessibility
Percent of jobs and
residents within ¼
mile of a bus route or
½ mile of a high
frequency express
service route.
Streamline Bi-Annual Willingness to walk
is greater for high-
frequency transit.
Exclude routs with
headways >30
minutes.
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Bike Accessibility
Percent of jobs and
residents within ½
mile of AAA route.
Bozeman Area
Bicycle Advisory
Board
Annual AAA/LTS 1:
protected facility or
low-speed, low
volume road, e.g.
buffered bike lane,
cycle track, bicycle
boulevard.
2. Goal: Safety
Rationale – Support a host of strategies that improve safety for all users,
incorporates a set of strategies, such as designing roads to provide higher visibility
and safe crossings for pedestrians and reducing design speeds and posted speed
limits.
Initial Objective(s):
a) Adopt a transportation safety policy.
Indicator Source Frequency Notes
Bike/Ped Safety National Highway
Traffic Safety
Administration –
Fatality Analysis
Reporting System
(FARS)
Annual
Traffic Safety National Highway
Traffic Safety
Administration –
Fatality Analysis
Reporting System
(FARS)
Annual
Commented [JH20]: The City of Bozeman Police
Department call data (Zuercher) should be investigated for
possible metrics.
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F. A CITY POWERED BY ITS CREATIVE, INNOVATIVE, AND ENTREPRENEURIAL
ECONOMY | Our City, and all residents benefit from an expanding economy that is
powered by educational development, strong regional partnerships, job creation,
talent retention, and support for local businesses.
1. Goal: Promote the continued development of Bozeman as an innovative and
thriving economic center
Rationale – The development of base economies is critical to the expansion of the
local economy and economic opportunities for residence. Geographical and
physical impediments may create additional changes to certain economic
endeavors that require innovative approaches to traditional economic
development.
Initial Objective(s):
a) Support the goals and objectives outlined in the Bozeman Economic
Development Strategy
o Invest in infrastructure projects identified in the capital improvement plan
(CIP) that will strengthen the business and higher education communities
o Ensure an adequate supply of appropriately zoned land for employment
areas
o Update zone map to correct deficiencies identified in the annual land use
inventory report
b) Continue facilitating live/work opportunities as a way to support small, local
businesses in all zoning districts
c) Support employee retention and attraction efforts by encouraging continued
development of attainable housing
d) Support expansion of current and emerging infrastructure technologies
including fiber optic service and other communication infrastructure.
Indicator Source Frequency Notes
Job Diversity U.S. Department of
Labor – Bureau of
Labor Statistics
Annual Proportion of jobs by
industry (NAIC
code).
Land Use
Availability
City land use
inventory
Annual Review annual
report for
availability of land
for economic
activity.
2. Goal: Survey and revise land use planning and regulations to promote and
support economic diversification efforts
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Rationale – Land use policy affects the availability of land and opportunities for
employment. The nature of employment activities is undergoing substantial
change. Land use regulations which were appropriate to circumstances in the past
may not be a good fit for the current and future needs of the community.
Initial Objective(s):
a) Ensure the future land use map contains adequate areas of land needed for
anticipated diverse users
b) Review and revise the Business Park Mixed Use zoning district to have more
urban standards and consider possible alterations to the allowed uses
Indicator Source Frequency Notes
Employment
Density
U.S. Department of
Labor – Bureau of
Labor Statistics
Annual Total jobs per acre of
developed non-
residentially zoned
land.
Commented [JH21]: Third party sources should be
explored for localized information.
Commented [CS22R21]: Key challenge for this area is
the home office/telecommute. We have lots of people who
are self-employed, have side businesses or other informal
work that is difficult to quantify. Do we only measure FTE or
reported employees and just note that the data is
insufficient for a comprehensive description? Would
increasing “gig” work be reflected?
Page 15 of 16
G. A CITY ENGAGED IN REGIONAL COORDINATION | Our City, in partnership with
Gallatin County, Montana State University, and other regional authorities, addresses
the needs of a rapidly growing and changing population through strategic
infrastructure choices, land use planning, and thoughtful decision-making.
1. Goal: Strongly encourage cooperation, increased communication, and
coordination with Gallatin County and other regional public entities regarding land
use and associated matters
Rationale – Decisions made by individual agencies have impacts beyond the
borders of the jurisdiction. Conflicting decisions create complications and
uncertainty for the citizens. Coordinated and cooperative decisions lessen
conflicts, better advances shared priorities, and reduces cost to the public.
Initial Objective(s):
a) Consider possible regional impacts when making policy decisions affecting
areas outside of the City
b) Coordinate planning activities to promote consistency throughout the region for
parks, transportation, bus service, and other community infrastructure
c) Research infrastructure and transportation improvements that benefit the
region
Indicator Source Frequency Notes
Meeting with City
of Bozeman &
Gallatin County
Planning Board
Semi-annual
Meeting with City
of Belgrade and
Gallatin County
Planning Staff
Quarterly
2. Goal: Continue and build on successful collaboration with Gallatin County,
neighboring municipalities, and other agencies to identify and mitigate potential
hazards and develop coordinated response plans
Rationale – There are many longstanding and effective inter-agency efforts. These
provide more cost effective and better outcome results. At times of emergency of
other time limited response preplanned and coordinated responses will enable
more effective action. Prevention is more effective than after the fact responses.
Initial Objective(s):
Page 16 of 16
a) Identify effective, affordable, and regionally-appropriate hazard mitigation
techniques through the [title is in development] plan and other tools
b) Discourage development in environmentally sensitive, or hazard prone areas
c) Review land use regulations and standards that affect the wildland urban
interface to provide adequate public safety measures, mitigate impacts on
public health, and encourage fiscal responsibility.
Indicator Source Frequency Notes
3. Goal: Collaborate with Gallatin County regarding annexation and development
patterns adjacent to the City to provide certainty for landowners and taxpayers
Rationale – The City of Bozeman and Gallatin County share a land use regulation
border. The City expands outwards into areas zoned by Gallatin County and where
Gallatin County approves subdivisions. Collaboration on acceptable land
development patterns lessens confusion for land owners and lessens long term
costs for infrastructure development and maintenance.
Initial Objective(s):
a) Establish standard practices for sharing development application information
and exchanging comments between the City and County.
b) Develop shared information on development processes.
c) Prioritize annexations that enable the incremental expansion of the City and its
utilities
d) Establish interlocal agreements when appropriate to formalize working
relationships and procedures
e) Provide education and information on the value and benefits of annexation,
including of existing unannexed pockets surrounded by the City, to individual
landowners and the community at large
f) Encourage annexation of land adjacent to the City prior to development
Indicator Source Frequency Notes