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HomeMy WebLinkAbout24GA1960 Sunset Hills Cemetery Site FormSmithsonian Number: 24GA1960 MONTANA CULTURAL RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEM (CRIS) FORM Rev 11/21/11 1. IDENTIFICATION 1.1 Smithsonian Number: 24GA1960 1.2 Field Designation: 1.3 Project Name: MMI Bozeman WaterSmart Project 1.4 Agency Project Number: 1.5 Consultant Project Number: 2. LOCATION 2.1 Township/Range: T0 S, R E, Section 7; ¼ Section(s): T2S R6E SECTION 7 SESE, S1/2NESE, E1/2SWSE, SENWSE T2S R6E SECTION 18 N1/2NENE 2.2 County: Gallatin 2.3 UTM Coordinates: Zone 12 E 498054m; N 5058117m, Additional UTM's Datum used: NAD 83 conus 2.4 Administrative/Surface Ownership: City of Bozeman 2.5 7.5’ USGS Map Name, Date: Bozeman, Montana (Provisional Edition 1987) 2.6 Narrative of access: From the intersection of Main Street and Church Avenue proceed east on Main for 3 blocks. Turn south into the entrance to Lindley Park at Buttonwood Avenue and Main and proceed south through the park. Buttonwood Avenue enters the cemetery at the south end of the park. 2.7 Vicinity of (city/town): Bozeman, Mt 3. DESCRIPTION 3.1 Site Type: Historic cemetery 3.2 Site Time Period (use dropdowns): Prehistoric: Historic: Historic More Than One Decade Paleontological: Combination: Unknown: 3.3 Narrative Description of Site: The Sunset Hills Cemetery encompasses approximately 125 acres, which includes 70 acres used as burial grounds and another 55 acres set aside for future expansion. The cemetery sits atop a small north-south oriented hill that would have overlooked the original town site of Bozeman during the 1870s. The cemetery is bounded by Lindley Park on the north, Burke Park on the west, Highland Boulevard on the east, and Deaconess Hospital on the south. Currently the main entrance to the cemetery is through Lindley Park on Buttonwood Avenue. A second entrance is on Golf Way/Highland Boulevard across from the cemetery office and maintenance shed. The city of Bozeman owns and maintains the cemetery. 3.4 Site Dimensions: 2400 ft N/S x 1700 ft E/W Surface visibility: 30% 3.5 Feature Descriptions: See Above 3.6 Artifacts: (!all that apply) Chipped Stone Wood Ground Stone Ceramics Bone Trade Other Description: 3.7 Diagnostic Artifacts: None 3.8 Subsurface Testing: None Smithsonian Number: 24GA1960 MONTANA CULTURAL RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEM (CRIS) FORM Rev 11/21/2011 3.9 Site function/interpretation: Cemetery 4: ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING 4.1 Geographic Setting: Urban 4.2 Contour: Known Approximate Unknown 4.3 Elevation: 4880 ft 4.4 View/Aspect: (estimated direction and distance) 4.5 Sediments: Deposition: Surface Only Buried Only Surface and Buried Redeposited Other 4.6 Available Water Source: (use dropdown here) 4.7 Major River Drainage: (Missouri River) 4.8 Minor Drainage: Bozeman Creek 4.9 Local Vegetation: Other (Farmland, Cultivated) Urban landscaped environment Regional Vegetation: Short Grass Prarie Noner is present withi the study area. 5. ASSESSMENT, RECORDING & MANAGEMENT 5.1 Significance: The Sunset Hills Cemetery encompasses approximately 125 acres which includes 70 acres used as burial grounds and another 55 acres set aside for future expansion. The cemetery contains over 16,000 burials. Several people prominent in the history of Bozeman and the Territorial years of Montana are buried within the cemetery. These people include John Bozeman and family, Nelson Story and family, William Beall and family, and Daniel Rouse. It also contains areas that mark the regions various ethnic populations. Of particular this includes the contributions of Chinese and African American populations. 5.2 Condition/Integrity: The Sunset Hills Cemetery retains integrity of setting, location, association, feeling, design, materials, and workmanship. Overall the cemetery has a park-like setting, especially in the original and first expansion sections. This is a result of the layout of the roads combined with the landscaping that was designed c. 1911, which was typical of the era pre-1920. Most of the headstones are historic but the addition of more modern ones does not detract from the integrity of setting, location, association, and feeling of the original portion of the cemetery. 5.3 Possible impacts to site: Cemeteries are often subjected to vandalism 5.4 Evaluation: Does this property meet National Register criteria for eligibility? Yes No Unevaluated Evaluation Procedures/Justification: Cemeteries are generally excluded from the NRHP. However, elements within the cemetery can be NRHP eligible as long as they transcend the cemetery (Criteria Consideration D). The cemetery contains over 16,000 burials, including the graves of several notable people. The following provides a brief history of several of these individuals. William Alderson William Alderson and his brother arrived in 1864. They initially intended to set up a claim in the gold fields around Alder Gulch but found that many of the miners in the gold camps were already leaving and looking for new gold fields. After establishing a homestead, they established their own platted town addition to the south of the original Bozeman townsite. William became the secretary of the East Gallatin Association that was developed to establish rules and set prices for land claims. It was Alderson who suggested the town be named Bozeman (Ricker 2011). Smithsonian Number: 24GA1960 MONTANA CULTURAL RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEM (CRIS) FORM Rev 11/21/2011 William started a ranch about a mile to the south of Bozeman and invested heavily in farm equipment and seed. This included buying the first Woods self-raking harvester in Gallatin Valley, which had been shipped up the Missouri River to Fort Benton, and then hauled overland to Bozeman. He initially planted potatoes, which he successfully sold to miners. He then expanded his operations to include milking cows, which was highly profitable (A.W. Bowen & Co. 1902:1309). He was highly committed to promoting religious institutions. Trained as a pastor, he gave the first religious service in Gallatin Valley, presided over the first wedding in the county, organized the first Sunday school and was instrumental in the construction of the Methodist Episcopal Church (A.W. Bowen & Co. 1902:1310). He also spent 12 years on the Bozeman school board and was active in establishing local schools (ibid). In 1873, Alderson became the Milk River Indian Agent. He arrived at a time when bison populations were nearly gone, and he was determined to assimilate the Assiniboine and Sioux tribes to farming. However he was plagued with shortages of goods needed for the agency. In the winter of January 1874, he complained that nearly all their stores were gone and requested emergency funding to buy meat. In April, he purchased “22,640 pounds of dried buffalo meat and 34,750 pounds of pemmican for $7,582, from Nelson Story, a prominent cattleman in the Gallatin Valley” (Miller et al 2008: 81). He also attempted to open schools and buy farming equipment. To force assimilation, Alderson would use allotted food supplies to feed those who participated in farming, while ignoring the needs of those that did not (Miller et al 2008: 80-86). In 1876, Alderson resigned and returned to Bozeman. The following year he bought the Avant Courier, the local newspaper and became its editor, a position held until his death. He also delved heavily in politics. After Bozeman was incorporated in 1883, he was elected an alderman. Although he lost a bid for mayor in 1885, he was a state representative for two territorial sessions, and was the chairman of the House Committee on State Institution, Buildings and Grounds during the 4th State Legislature, where he promoted the importance of schools. He died in 1906. William and his family are interred in the cemetery (Garner 1987; Smith 1996; Strahn 2005). Unlike many of the other people discussed in this report, there is no other monument to his contributions to Bozeman extant within the city. William Beall William J. Beall partnered with John Bozeman and Daniel Rouse to establish the city of Bozeman. His was one of the first houses built in the city. Mr. Beall had been trained as an architect in his father’s office and was responsible for the design of several buildings in Montana. In Bozeman he built the city hall, two schools and the Methodist Episcopal Church (Strahn 2003). He also built the Sacred Hearts Cathedral in Helena. He was one of the most prominent architects in Montana at the time (A.W. Bowen & Co. 1902:526). John Bozeman John Bozeman is best known for the development of the Bozeman Trail, which is associated with the movement of thousands of immigrants through the Plains, an increase in tribal tensions, the expansion of military forts in the Northern Plains, and the need for the 1868 Treaty (Garner 1987; Smith 1996; Strahn 2005). However, John Bozeman also recognized the agriculture potential of the Gallatin Valley as a source of produce and livestock for the crowded mining camps. In the winter of 1863-1864, Bozeman met Daniel Elliot Rouse and William J. Beall in Virginia City. Together the three men agreed on a plan of action to plat a townsite at the eastern end of the Gallatin Valley. The original plan was to have Rouse and Beall lay out the town, while Bozeman would bring the immigrants in over the Bozeman Trail. It was envisioned this new town would be the impetus to develop the agricultural potential of the Gallatin Valley (Garner 1987; Smith 1996; Strahn 2005). In 1864 the East Gallatin Association, of which Bozeman was president, was established to claim the town. Bozeman was killed in 1867 while travelling with Tom Cover. Although there are questions surrounding his death, at the time it was widely believed Blackfeet warriors were responsible for his murder. This increased fears of Indian attack and led to the establishment of Fort Elizabeth Meagher, before it was replaced by Fort Ellis (RTI 2008:12-13). The forts provided a market for local farm goods and were an important element of Bozeman’s early economy. Bozeman’s body was brought to the cemetery in 1870. Samuel E. Lewis Samuel E. Lewis was born in 1832 in Haiti and arrived in America as a young boy. He eventually ended up in the gold fields of California working as a barber and mining gold on the side. He was apparently successful in California, as he took his savings and spent two years touring Europe and the West Indies. In 1868 he arrived in Bozeman, where he opened a barbershop, a bath house and sold apple pies. He also built several dwellings in the city and invested heavily in real estate and other business endeavors. He was a leader within the local African-American community and was Smithsonian Number: 24GA1960 MONTANA CULTURAL RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEM (CRIS) FORM Rev 11/21/2011 active in the civic affairs of the city. When he died in 1896 he was considered one of the wealthiest African-Americans in the state. He was highly respected in the community and the mayor was one of his pallbearers (Strahn 2005). Richard and Mary McDonald Richard and Mary McDonald were freed African-American slaves and traveled with their three children in a covered wagon to Montana Territory. They arrived in and settled at Bozeman in 1864 and are believed to be the first African- Americans to do so. They built their home along Sourdough Creek (later known as Bozeman Creek). Richard freighted goods from Bozeman to Virginia City. In 1872 the McDonalds built a larger 2-story home along Bozeman Creek on Tracy Avenue (Strahn 2005). Daniel E. Rouse Daniel Rouse is the third founding member of Bozeman. Having participated in laying out the town of Gallatin City, it was his responsibility to lay out the initial town of Bozeman. His was the first building constructed within the town. Ownership of land in Bozeman eventually made him wealthy, but he was generally a farmer at heart. In 1866 he established a farm five miles to the southeast of Bozeman, where he lived most of his life (A.W. Bowen & Co. 1902:826). Nelson Story The most prominent person interred in the cemetery is likely Nelson Story and his family. Nelson and his wife Emma were from Ohio and had arrived in Virginia City, Montana Territory in 1863 one week after gold was discovered. He quickly established a claim and provided hauling services for miners; his wife sold bread and pies. After two years, Nelson Story realized there was a demand for good beef and other supplies in the gold camps. So he and two trusted friends went to Kansas were he cashed out his gold for $40,000. From there, he went to Fort Worth, Texas, where he purchased approximately 1000 head of cattle. He drove the cattle to Leavenworth, Kansas, sold part of the herd and used the profits to purchase 15 freight wagons loaded with trade goods, and 150 head of draft oxen. He also hired 22 men and on July 10, 1866 headed to Montana, reaching present-day Livingston on December 3, 1866 (Smith 1996; Schontzler 2011). For the next 20 years, he expanded his herd throughout the Yellowstone Valley and the Crow Indian Reservation, but made the center of his operations in Bozeman, Montana (Strahn 1994). In the 1870s, he purchased ten 15-ton boats so he could transport beef to the military and to reservations (Strahn 1994). In 1874, he sold nearly 50,000 pounds of meat to the Milk River reservation (Miller et al 2008). However, in 1876, the military accused Story of fraud in his sale of meat and flour to the Crow Agency, and of subsequently bribing the grand jury to avoid prosecution. Nelson vehemently denied the charges (Schontzler 2011). Despite this controversy, Story’s wealth expanded, as did his land holdings throughout the state. By 1880, it became clear that the Northern Pacific would be passing through Bozeman. This promised to bring great prosperity to the town. In 1882, Nelson Story became the President and principal owner of the Gallatin National Bank. He then foreclosed on the Tomlinson Mill and used the equipment to build the Valley Mills of Nelson Story and Company. He also diverted water from the East Gallatin River to provide power to the mill (Strahn 1994). To transport the flour he made a deal with the Northern Pacific: in exchange for giving permission to travel over his land, the railroad would construct a spur line to his mill (Strahn 1994). By the 1880s the grain elevator and flour mill complex was producing 100 bushel barrels of flour per day. By 1919 that had increased to 1000 bushel barrels of flour per day and the mill was the biggest employer in the region (Strahn 1994). Sometime between the hard winter of 1886-1887 (Strahn 1994) and 1892 (A.W. Bowen & Co. 1902:1257), Nelson Story sold 13,000 head of cattle in one sale. This was considered one the largest sales in the Northwest (ibid). It also made him the first millionaire in Montana (Strahn 1994). Around 1900, Story became embroiled in an argument over water rights with Joseph Lindley, who needed more water from Bozeman Creek to power his lumber mill. In anger, Nelson Story commanded his employees to dam the river above Lindley’s intake. Lindley responded by blowing up the dam (Kramer 2014). Perhaps his biggest contribution to the community and the state was his financial support and donations of facilities and land that led to the creation of the Agricultural College of the State of Montana, now called Montana State University at Bozeman (Smith 1996). In 1892, he donated 160 acres of land, including his roller rink, so the college could open in time to receive $33,000 in federal money. He also provided financial support when the college needed it (Schontzler 2011; Strahn 1994). The college would be a driving force in the continuing development of agriculture within the state. Smithsonian Number: 24GA1960 MONTANA CULTURAL RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEM (CRIS) FORM Rev 11/21/2011 Story and his second wife Ellen built a mansion in Bozeman that was said to be “the finest home west of St. Paul” (Strahn 2005: 29; A.W. Bowen & Co. 1902:1257). When the mansion was torn down in 1938, ornate columns from the home were salvaged and incorporated into the entrance to the Story family plot at Sunset Hills. 5.5 Recording status: surface examination photo map subsurface tested 5.6 Recommendations (use dropdown): No Recommendation Comments: Any ground disturbance activities within the original section of the cemetery should be monitored due to the large number of unmarked graves that are estimated to number around 500. The same is true for Section 11. 5.7 Site Located by: Scott J. Wagers Date Located: November 7, 2016 5.8 Site Recorded by: Scott J. Wagers Date Recorded: November 8, 2016 5.9 Site form update and revisions by: Date Updated: 5.10 Federal/State Permit No: 5.11 Publication(s)/Report(s) where site is described: Wagers, Scott J. Bozeman WaterSmart Project: A Class III Cultural Resource Inventory in T2S R6E, Srctions 7 and 18, Bozeman, Gallatin County, Montana. 5.12 Artifact Repository: N/A 5.13 Field notes/maps/photos repository: Ethnoscience, Inc. 6. DESCRIPTION OF HISTORIC SITES 6.1 Property boundaries: : estimated XX : measured Boundary justification: 6.2 Physical description of buildings/ structures/ features; dates of construction and major alterations; contribution of building/ structure to property significance: The Sunset Hills Cemetery encompasses approximately 125 acres which includes 70 acres used as burial grounds and another 55 acres set aside for future expansion. The cemetery contains over 16,000 burials. The cemetery sits atop a small north-south oriented hill that would have overlooked the original town site of Bozeman during the 1870s. Several people prominent in the history of Bozeman and the Territorial years of Montana are buried within the cemetery. These people include John Bozeman and family, Nelson Story and family, William Beall and family, and Daniel Rouse. The city of Bozeman owns and maintains the cemetery. The cemetery is bounded by Lindley Park on the north, Burke Park on the west, Highland Boulevard on the east, and Deaconess Hospital on the south. Currently the main entrance to the cemetery is through Lindley Park on Buttonwood Avenue. A second entrance is on Golf Way/Highland Boulevard across from the cemetery office and maintenance shed. The original section of the cemetery occupies the northwest portion of the site between Lindley Park on the north and Division Road on the south, and between Burke Park on the west and Buttonwood Avenue on the east. The original section also includes a special section for the Masonic Cemetery and one for the International Order of the Odd Fellows. Other special sections within the cemetery include the Catholic section, the Beth Shalom Jewish section, and the Veterans section. Areas have been designated for the burial of cremated remains as well as a Columbarium. More recent additions include a special section for infants and children. Marked and unmarked pauper graves are known to exist in Blocks U, M, T, N, G, and F in the original section (not all of the graves in these sections are pauper graves). More recent pauper graves are in Blocks 1, 10, and 11 just east of the Catholic section. Within these sections there are at least 27 marked graves that date between 1933 and 2011. In addition, there are at least three unmarked graves observed in Section 11. Smithsonian Number: 24GA1960 MONTANA CULTURAL RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEM (CRIS) FORM Rev 11/21/2011 6.3 Artifacts observed, collected: None 6.4 Subsurface Testing Methods and Results: None 6.5 Historical Information and Context (footnote sources): The land on which the cemetery is situated was part of a Cash Patent issued to Daniel Rouse on May 1, 1871 for the N1/2SE of Section 7, T2S R6E. At the time of the purchase, the residents of Bozeman had used a portion of the property as a cemetery. After Rouse took possession of the property, he continued to allow this portion to be used as a cemetery. The residents of Bozeman referred to it as the “Bozeman Cemetery” (Avant Courier 1871b). Beal and Rouse laid out the townsite in 1864 and quickly added additions (RTI 2008:7). But it was not until 1870, that the town was officially platted. The cemetery is located on land that was owned by Daniel Rouse. Little is known of the cemetery before 1872. Eight headstones within the original cemetery are of people whose deaths pre-date 1867. Five of these headstones are of infants and were brought to the cemetery from other locations (Scott 2000:5). The other three pre-1867 headstones include John Bozeman for whom the city is named (Strahn 2005:2); Cinthia Carpenter, who died at the age of 48 years on February 13, 1865; and Army private James Spencer, who died of stab wounds on July 28 during a fight with another soldier (Scott 2000:5; Strahn 2005:3). Other graves that date between 1867 and 1872 include Andrew Double (Avant Courier 1871b); James Banks who was killed by Indians near Crow Agency (Avant Courier 1872b), and a stillborn infant that was found on the ice over Bozeman Creek (Avant Courier 1872a). Ownership of the cemetery changed in 1872. William Blackmore, a wealthy English entrepreneur, his wife Mary, and a nephew planned to join the 1872 Hayden Geologic Survey of the Yellowstone (Strahn 2005: 24). Unfortunately, Mary Blackmore became sick while traveling from Helena to Bozeman by stagecoach. Mary was left with the Lester and Emma Willson family to recuperate while William continued onward to join the Hayden survey. Unfortunately, Mary’s health worsened, and she died in the evening of July 18, 1872. William Blackmore immediately returned to Bozeman and on the evening of July 19 Mary was buried in the “Bozeman Cemetery” (Avant Courier 1872e). After hearing that she was buried on private property, Blackmore authorized Nelson Story to negotiate the purchase of the cemetery “for a moderate sum” and then to present it to the town of Bozeman (Blackwell 1872). A committee consisting of Lester Willson, Charles Rich, Nelson Story, and John Mendenhall purchased a five-acre tract of land for the cemetery from Daniel Rouse for $250.00. The deed was subsequently conveyed to the Board of Trustees for the city. The Board of Trustees commissioned a pyramid shaped gravestone that was placed on Mary Blackmore’s grave (Avant Courier 1872f). Most of the early graves were marked with wooden stakes, and cattle were allowed to freely graze among the graves. As a result many of the wooden markers/stakes were displaced and the location of those graves were lost to time. Strahn (2005:3) estimates as many as 500 unmarked graves are scattered throughout the original portion of the cemetery. Block V in the original cemetery is known to contain the remains of numerous African-Americans (Crystal Alegria [Extreme History Project] personal communication, January 16, 2017). For instance, although the Rogers family plot has a grave marker, the area surrounding the marker has at least 10 to 13 graves, many of which are infant burials. Ongoing historical research into the African-American community in Bozeman suggests there are many unmarked graves in Block V (Crystal Alegria [Extreme History Project] personal communication, January 16, 2017). The cemetery may also contain members of the Chinese community. There is at least one marked Chinese grave within the cemetery; other graves were once marked but over time the grave markers have become lost. One of the unmarked Smithsonian Number: 24GA1960 MONTANA CULTURAL RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEM (CRIS) FORM Rev 11/21/2011 graves is that of Lu Sing. In 1906 Lu Sing was convicted of murdering Tom Sing, whom he believed was having an affair with his wife. He was hung and his body is buried somewhere within Sunset Hills. In 1873 John St. Clair, also known as Steamboat Bill, was accused of murdering two Chinese women in Bozeman. It is presumed both women are interred within the cemetery (Garner 1987; Bozeman Chronicle 2011). In the early 1900s, the cemetery was expanded to the south. Prior to the 1910s, the cemetery was a treeless unimproved open space. In April 1911 the Sunset Hills cemetery board developed plans to build roads and parking areas within the cemetery and to develop landscaping (Bozeman Chronicle 1911; Scott 2000:8). Roads that were developed include Division Avenue along the south boundary of the original cemetery, and Blackmore road curves along the western portion of the cemetery. There are also two small corridors (Sunset Road and Anemone Road) that are not formally developed, but are used as “alleys” to gain access to cemetery plots. It is likely unmarked burials occur beneath each of these roads. This is especially true of areas along the northern half of Division Avenue. Numerous birch and spruce trees were added, and an irrigation system was developed. Although the original irrigation system is no longer functional, another system was established may years later that is still in use. Based upon the archives of the Gallatin County Historical Society, the second expansion of the cemetery occurred around 1920 and is comprised mostly of the Catholic section. The third expansion occurred in 1989 and is south of the second expansion area. The fourth and ongoing expansion is on the south end of the cemetery and includes Blocks 137- 156. This area includes a newly developed section for veterans that include a replica of the Washington D.C. Vietnam War Memorial. 6.6 Sources, files, people consulted: Sources: Crystal Alagria aand Marsha Fulton Extreme Histoy Project Bozeman, MT Shane Serber Cemetery Division Foreman Sunset Hills Cemetery City of Bozeman, MT Gallatin History Museum Sunset Hills Cemetery Records 317 West Main Street Bozeman, MT Deed and Plat Records Deed and Recorders Office Gallatin County Courthouse Bozeman, MT References A.W. Bowen & Co. 1902 Progressive Men of The State of Montana. A.W. Bowen & Co. Chicago. Montana State Historical Society. Avant Courier 1871a “Death of a Squaw” 18 October 1871, p. 3. Avant Courier, Bozeman, MT. Electronic resource. http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86075114/1871-10-18/ed-1/. Accessed January 2017. 1871b “Funeral” 26 October 1871, p. 3. Avant Courier, Bozeman, MT. Electronic resource. http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86075114/1871-10-26/ed-1/. Accessed January Smithsonian Number: 24GA1960 MONTANA CULTURAL RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEM (CRIS) FORM Rev 11/21/2011 2017. 1872a “An Abortion” 22 February 1872, p. 3. Avant Courier, Bozeman, MT. Electronic resource. http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86075114/1872-02-22/ed-1/. Accessed January 2017. 1872b “Scarlet Fever” 18 April 1872, p. 3. Avant Courier, Bozeman, MT. Electronic resource. http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86075114/1872-04-18/ed-1/. Accessed January 2017. 1872c “Died” 18 April 1872, p. 3. Avant Courier, Bozeman, MT. Electronic resource. http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86075114/1872-04-18/ed-1/. Accessed January 2017. 1872d “Funeral” 30 May 1872, p. 3. Avant Courier, Bozeman, MT. Electronic resource. http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86075114/1872-05-30/ed-1/. Accessed January 2017. 1872e “Death of Mrs. Blackmore” 25 July 1872, p. 3. Avant Courier, Bozeman, MT. Electronic resource. http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86075114/1872-07-25/ed-1/. Accessed January 2017. 1872f “Bozeman Cemetery”. 27 December 1872. Avant Courier, Bozeman, MT. Electronic resource. http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84038123/1872-12-27/ed-1/. Accessed January 2017. Beebe, Lucius M. and Charles M. Clegg 1950 Legends of the Comstock Lode. Stanford University Press. Bozeman Chronicle 1911 “Early Day History”. April 2011 Bozeman Chronicle, Bozeman, MT. 2011 “China Alley: Historians Unearth Mystery of the Disappearance of Bozeman’s Chinese Community”. 3 April 2011. Bozeman Chronicle, Bozeman, MT. Garner, Anne 1987 Who’s Who in the Bozeman Cemetery, A Guide to Historic Gravesites. Bozarts Press, Bozeman, MT Kramer, Courtney 2014 Lindley Place District. Bozeman Magazine. Electronic resource. http://www.bozeman.net/Departments/Community-Development/Historic-Preservation/Historic-Districts/Lindley- Place. Accessed January 2017. Miller, D.D., J. Smith, J. BcGeshick, J. Shanley and C. Shields 2008 The History of the Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes of the Fort Peck Indian Reservation, Montana, 1800-2000. Fort Peck Community College, Poplar, Montana and the Montana Historical Society Press, Helena, Montana. Ricker, Amanda 2011 A man of many talents. Alderson: Founder, editor, preacher, politician. Bozeman Daily Chronicle. http://www.bozemandailychronicle.com/100/newsmakers/a-man-of-many-talents/article_2318159e- acdc-11e0-b84f-001cc4c002e0.html. Accessed January 2017. Schontzler, Gail 2011 Nelson Story – Hero, scoundrel, legend. Bozeman Daily Chronicle. Electronic resource. http://www.bozemandailychronicle.com/100/newsmakers/nelson-story-hero-scoundrel- legend/article_89773f86-268b-11e0-aca5-001cc4c002e0.html. Accessed January 2017. Smithsonian Number: 24GA1960 MONTANA CULTURAL RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEM (CRIS) FORM Rev 11/21/2011 Scott, Kim Allen 2000 “A History of the Sunset Hills Cemetery” in Guide to Sunset Hills Cemetery, City of Bozeman. City of Bozeman, MT. Smith, Phyllis 1996 Bozeman and the Gallatin Valley. Twodot, Helena, MT Strahn, B. Derek 1994 National Register of Historic Places, Section #8 of the Northern Pacific Story Mill Historic District. Electronic document. https://www.tpl.org/sites/default/files/6_National%20Register%20Statement%20of%20Significance%20and%20additio nal%20historical%20reports.pdf. Accessed January 2017. 2005 Historic Sunset Hills Walking Tour Guide. Gallatin County Hisotrical Society, Bozeman, MT United States Department of the Interior (USDOI) 1973 Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden and the Founding of the Yellowstone National Park. United States Department of the Interior Geological Surveys, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 7. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Smithsonian Number: 24GA1960 MONTANA CULTURAL RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEM (CRIS) FORM Rev 11/21/2011 MAPS T2SR5E T2SR6E 24GA1960 Sunset Hills Cemetery Source: Bozeman, Montana (Provisional Edition 1987) 7.5 Minute Quadrangles 24GA1960Sunset Hills Cemetery Scale 1:24,000 For Official Use Only: Disclosure of Sites Prohibited (43 CFR 7.18) p00.25 0.50.125 Miles Service Layer Credits: Copyright:© 2013 National Geographic Society, i-cubed Site Boundary Smithsonian Number: 24GA1960 MONTANA CULTURAL RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEM (CRIS) FORM Rev 11/21/2011 Expansion 3 Expansion 3Expansion 1 Expansion 2Original/Old Cemetery Expansion 4 E Curtiss St G o lf W a y Ellis St O l d H i g h l a n d B l v d S W a l l a c e A v e M c a d o w A v e C y p r e s s A v e 0 200 400 600 800100 Feet 24GA1960 Sunset Hills Cemetery For Official Use Only: Disclosure of Sites Prohibited (43 CFR 7.18)pOriginal/Old Cemetery Expansion 1 Expansion 2 Expansion 3 Expansion 4 Site Boundary Source: USDA:NRCS Geospatial Data Gateway - NAIP Imagery Date: 2015. MONTANA CULTURAL RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEM FORM Form No. 8 Photograph(s) Site No.: Cemetery main entrance, view to the south Mary Blackmore grave, view to the west MONTANA CULTURAL RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEM FORM Nelson Story family plot, view to the southeast Pauper section in the northwest corner of the original cemetery section, view to the northeast MONTANA CULTURAL RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEM FORM Masonic section of the original portion of the cemetery, view to the south I.O.O.F. (Odd Fellows) section of the original portion of the cemetery, view to the north. MONTANA CULTURAL RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEM FORM Catholic section, view to the northwest Pauper section in Sections 1, 10, 11, view to the northwest MONTANA CULTURAL RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEM FORM Veteran section at the far south end of the cemetery, view to the east Columbarium in the center of the first expansion area of the cemetery, view to the southwest