HomeMy WebLinkAbout11 E Main 1984 14
MONTANA HISTORICAL AN —
ARCHITECTURAL INVENTORY Site
Legal Description: Orig. Town. . Lots E 52 to W 36 of 5/Bllc F
Address: 11 East Main
Oymership:name: `(JAM► ft Ca Cando it �• TY�c1_,
G� privale address: (Bob Steinman, P.O. Box 99�- Y Roll# 82 Frame# 14
Historic Name: Tracy Block
LI R 1 A t1 Y Common Name: UnknownUnknownn
� ❑1889 estimated
\ Date of Construction: 5l documented
Architect: Unknown
r T'rT Builder. Unknown
N M Original Owner:.
W. H. Tracy
Original Use- Clothing—General goods
Present Use: CommPrci al _Structure
- _ Research Sources:
r T I T } r 1 '(1 El abstract of title ❑ city directories
` ❑ plat records/maps ❑ sewerlwater permits
I I I
1-1 taxcards ❑ obituaries
1 J�_�� � �1 I ❑ building permit ❑ biographies
Z ....
z —` T IN Sanborn maps—dates: 1889
� �y Bibliography:
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PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Describe present appearance of structure/site,then contrast and compare that with it's original appearance,
noting additions,alterations, and changes in materials. Discuss significant architectural features.
I
This two-story attached building has a rectangular plan with elaborate corbelled
brickwork creating an interesting facade. Brick pilasters create four bays
with a projecting bay over the arched entry to the upper floors ending in a
corner turret. The asymmetrical facade consists of an off-center front entrance
inset under an archway and aluminum storefront windows. 1/1 double-hung windows
are featured on the second story with the projecting bay window and the middle
window of three on the other part having arched brickwork emphasizing them.
The running bond brick construction was restored in 1980 and features a flat-
built-up roof with corner turret and elaboratecornice ornamentation. The
building lies perpendicular to the street. The Moorish facade was originally
accentuated by onion domes on the parapet.
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HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Justify how the persons,important events,and/or historical patterns associated with the structure/site
and surrounding area lend the property significance.
This structure is potentially eligible for the National Register because
of its historical associations and because of its architectural significance.
INTEGRITY: Assess the degree to which the structurelsite,and surrounding area accurately convey the historical associations of the
property.
The historic integrity of this property has been retained due to the survival
of original design and materials and continuity of use, setting and location.
INFORMATION VALUE: Explain how the extant structure/site may demonstrate or yield information about its historic use or construc-
tion.
None.
FORM PREPARED BY: GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION:
Name JAMES R. N'C''Of't'' u ARCHITECTS P.C. Acreage:_
Address: P. G. BOX 8163 usGS Quad:_
Date: MISSOULA, MONTANA 59807- uTM's: _ — —
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Figure 77: Main Street at Tracy Avenue (c. 1908) showin9 the Tracy/Barnett
building (center, with onion domes) as an example of Queen Anne
flamboyance. The building adjoins the old Tivoli Saloon and
Lamme buildings (right) . (Photo Courtesy Museum of the Rockies. )
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n down in 1966. The building
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s have been pledged by the City max- _ •;Il'
eman, The Bozeman Area Cham-
Commerce and Gallatin County. 4
.aughlin emphasized that all of MillL
•)ney spent on the project, with
-ception of McDonald's fees, are
Photo courtesy of Museum of the
spent locally.
,td at there is a great deal of
-iri ,out the project. Preservation of Bozeman's architectural character is the goal of a historical survey planned for this year.Thy
to people are very excited about shows the old Rea grocery on Main Street in 1925.
eject and what we're trying to do
icentrate the effort," said Mc-
lin about the neighborhood sur-
'It all has to happen in April."
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Period Areas of Significance—Check and i .stify below
— prehistoric archeology-prehistoric community planning landscape architecture__—religion
1400-1499 _archeology-historic conservation law science
_ 15OD-1599 _—agriculture economics literature Sculpture
1600-1699 X architecture education military _.._ social
1700-1799 _art engineering _ music humanitarian
_X 1800-1899 X commerce exploration/settlement philosophy theater
1900- _ communications industry _politics/government transportation
Invention other(specify)
Specific dates 1889 Builder/Architect attributed to Vreeland and Kemna
Statement of Significance (in one paragraph)
The R.T. Barnett Company building meets criteria A, B, and C of the National Register
and, therefore, should be eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic
Places.
The Barnett building was constructed in 1889-189.0, a time when the city of Bozeman posses
high cultural , political , and economic ambitions. During that time Bozeman made its
bid for becoming the seat of the State Capitol or , at least , by that effort to rain
a major state institution by eventually lending support to Helena , the major contender.
Montana State University would be established in Bozeman in 1892 as a result. In order
to make a strong case for the capitol , visible changes in the townscape were forthcoming
for this rapidly growing community founded upon ranching, agriculture and coal mining.
A substantial building campaign was launched which effectively tapped an abundance of
local building materials: brick, clay, sandstone, limestone and timber (which was augmer
by local planning, sash, and door factories) . It was acknowledged by the Bozeman Courier
I million dollars was expended by the city alone between 1889-1890 for the ''erection
of buildings and permanent improvements.'' No doubt the banks were cooperating by povidi
loans for private development. The substantial public buildings listed were two brick
school houses , the Gallatin County courthouse and jail , the Bozeman Opera House and
the City Hall (the largest and most imposing structure of its kind in Montana) . All
of these structures were built by the firm of Vreeland and Kemna which attests to the
firms local significance in an era when the town' s maturation was reflected in the change:
from log and frame structures to masonry.
The Barnett Buidling is attributed to the pioneer Bozeman architects Byron Vreeland
and Herman Kemna. Their firm, along with the Hancock brothers , provided the only profess
design work in Bozeman ups to the turn of the century. It is largely on the basis of
the typological evidence present in a comparlison between Vreeland and Kemna' s work on
important civic and commercial structures , especially the Bozeman Opera House, and -he
R.T. Barnett block that the attribution is made." The Barnett building may be described
as Victorian eclectic with two stylistic references , the Byzantine revival and the Victor:
gothic. The most obvious point of reference in comparing the Barnett building to Vreelan
Opera House is the onion dome oriel placed at the SE corner of the Opera House, complete
with and identical iron weathervane as is found on the oriel feature of the Barnett
building. The rather exotic stylistic gesture of placing an onion dome atop an oriel
marks an impulse toward the ''Byzantine Revival'' which is very rare in Montana. Tile
architect' s use of Victorian gothic elements , the juxtaposition of a variety of material,-,
colors and textures and the exaggeration of the scale of decorative features , is evident
in both buildings. Both the Opera house and Barnett block display the polychromatic
merger of pink brick and gray limestone and the Barnett building also incorporates light
sandstone, both rock faced and dressed ashlar. Pointed brick relieving arches over
the windows are employed on both buildings. The use of a stained glass lunette as in
the west side window of the Opera House is a window treatment also favored in the Barnett
Building. Finally the entrance handling of the Opera House with the flared cut limestone
base, brick pilaster and carved abstracted capitols recall the upper story entrance
The Bozeman Opera House has been attributed to Vr(,.el,)nd softy, aIrhr,ngh h,. n,,,l V. .,.. ,
United States Department of the Interior
1 ' Heritage Conservation and Recreati-�)n Service
`For HC.RS'use'only
:received "
National Register of Historic Places
Inventory—Hornination Form date'entered`t�/
.. • � Jam.
Continuation sheet Item number 8 Page 1
to the Barnett building. It is reasonable to expect such redundance of stylistic featur
iand materials to take place within the oeuvre of a firms work in two projects done durin,
the same year. Added architectural significance is lent to this work by the fact that ,
the Barnett building, if indeed by Vreeland and Kemna' s hand, would be the last known
extant example of their work in the state.
l Robert Barnett , the original owner of the building, arrived in Bozeman in 1866 just
two years after the town was platted. His former residence was in Pennsylvania. Attemp.
( to capitalize on the various nearby mining interests in the Gallatin County area (viz.
Red Bluff and Pony) , as well as the rapidly expanding building industry, Mr. Barnett
had his building constructed in 1889 to provide (as his 1892 advertisement read) , "Hardw,i
stoves , and tinware. Mining Supplies." The sturdily engineered 12xl2 chamferred posts
in the basement demonstrate the anticipated loads Barnett felt his ironware would requir(
IThe same circumstance of mining and building expansion in the Bozeman area would require
temporary lodging; therefore , R.T. Ba,Lnett became the proprietor of the newly refurbishe�
f Northern Pacific Hotel by August 7, ��`980 -just five buildings down from his hardware
business on the north side of Main StlMt. Hence, R.T. Barnett represents the enterpris ,
entrepreneur found in the early days of Bozeman' s settlement and is locally significant.
It is in the important year of 1889, when Montana was admitted to the Union, that the
Barnett Buidling was constructed. It was a substantial commercial structure built with
permanent and costly materials for a town of this size; its construction was clearly
y predicated on the promise of the future of Bozeman. The associations desired and attain.
! in its fine workmanship , flamboyant design and costly materials reflect a self assured
business venture on the part of Robert Barnett , and a belief in the continued growth
and prosperity of Bozeman. The Barnett building clearly demonstrates the "Boomer" optimi
present in the year Bozeman wanted to be a Capitol--and built the structures and streets
to prove it. The Barnett building, therefore, is locally significant as a reflection
of those patterns of state and local history. None of the principal civic structures
• built in 1889-90 (previously_ named) exist today.
The Barnett Building was in 1890, and promises to be in the -finished restoration ,
a very significant example of Victorian eclecticism in the State. Though the oriels
were destroyed by the 1929 earthquake and the entrance was altered in the teens becaus.
j of changing needs and the demand for back lighting, sufficient documentation is available:
for a careful restoration of these two major features. The integrity of the building
at present with regard to brick craft technique, rhythmn , scale and the use of polychroma'
effects is still intact and promises to be enhanced by the current restortive efforts .
97 -P-Aajcr Bibliographical r..Ieferences - -
1874 , 1884 , 1898 Bird' s Eye View of Bozemcv
1884, 1889, 90, 91 : 1904, 1927 Sanborn Map ,
Period Photos (Museum of the Rockies , M.S.U. and Montana Historical Society)
1892-1930' s Polk Directories
1889-1892 aypUt Q2Wrier Newspaper, Bozeman , Montana/Bozeman DaiIV Chronicle. Sunday June
( � 10. Geographical Data
Acreage of nominated property 1 (less than)
Quadrangle name Bozeman Quadrangle scale ( 1'
UMT References
A 11 1 21 14 19 17 11 14 10 I sl d sl 11 11 d ° IW IW�WW -t I I L I l l
Zone Easting Northing Zone Easting Northing
1
C oW
E W IL� I I I I ` I f F
GW 11 I I I I I I I I I , H W I I I I I I I
Verbal boundary description and justification
Block F original township Part of lots 4 , 5. North side of Main Street , Center of the bl
bounded by Black and Tracy. T1S , R5E Section 7
List all states and counties for properties overlapping state or county boundaries
state code county code
state code county code
11 . Form Prepared By
I
name/title Kingston Heath, Assistant Professor , Architectural History
organization School of Arch itecture,Montana State Univ.date June 28, 1980
street& number Bozeman telephone (406) 994-3832 or 586-4290
city or town Bozeman _ state Montana
12e State Ulistbric Presevvation Officer Certification
The evaluated significance of this property within the state is:
national X_state local
IAs the designated State Historic Preservation Officer for the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 69-
665), 1 hereby nominate this property for inclusion in the National Register and certify that it has been evaluated
according to the criteria and procedures set forth by the Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service.
1 '
State Historic Preservation Officer signature
title date
For HCRS use only
I hereby,certify that this property Is Included in•the National Register
date
j Keeper.of the National Register
IAttest: . - date
Chief of Registration ^
Ellsworth
Thos . H . Rea & Co -
-original established for 1868 by A. Lamme & Co .
Some years later this firm succeeded by John S .
Mend . Conducted under his name til April 1 , 1897 ,
when purchased by Thos . H . Rea & Co .
- native of N . Ireland , came to U . S . A . in 1886 .
The retail salesroom of this firm , located on Main
St . , is the largest , most handsome and best lighted
in the city .
F. Willson , typescript
Thos . H . Rea Grocery , " now" the Modern Grocery , was
erected by W . H . Tracy for merchandise purposes .
Sanborn 1889
Lot shown : "Being Built"
1890 : Advr & Stores
Tin Shop Bst
W . U . Tel . Off . & ins . off 2nd