HomeMy WebLinkAbout240-246 E Main 1985 11i®NTANA HISTORICAL AND
ARCHITECTURAL INVENTORYI SiteN OWN
Legal Description: Original Townsite Lots 11, 11, 12/Blk C t' '
1
Hddress: 240-246 East Main
Ownership:name: Evatl5 a B d —
r' private address:
_ Public address: South Willson Roll N 78 Frame N 5
Historic Name:
i r
Common Name:
Unknown
c,—{— 1 - ❑ estimated
�t� � r � Date of Construction: 1883 :kl documented
Architect: Unknown
Builder Unknown
1 I
Original Owner._ - Spieth & Krug
Original Use: Brewery
Present pr Use• Restaurant 2nd —sho s 1st
Research Sources:
❑ abstract of title ❑ city directories
j I I plat records/maps Ll sewerlwater permits
l.lJ l I r` tax cards L; obituaries
1
C buildinc permit LX biographies
1X_ Sanborn maps—dates- 1884
Li
Bibliography:
i �
' j Leesons - History, engraving
Avant Courier, 11 -1-1883
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: Describe present appearance of structurelsite,then contrast and compare that with it's original appearance,
noting additions,alterations,and changes in materials.Discuss significant architectural features.
This taro-story commercial structure has a square plan with a shed-roofed
one—and-one-hal'I story' =ide entrance extension. The s,�TetrI —
fOUr off-center entrances, tt.,o on the first level and taro ilmediately above Cn
the balconied facade. The windows on the street level are fixed, transomed and
have awnings on some. The second floor windows have low-arched heads of brick
with sandstone and sills of sandstone There is a metal cornice. The brick
construction has been sandblasted and has cast iron storefront label of
"Bozeman Foundry" . There is also a wood panel design on the main floor entries
The first floor is of reddish brick and the second a yellowish color. The axis
of the roof is perpendicular to the street.. The second floor balcony and side
entrance structure are later attachments or replacements. The upper floor
elements are of the Italianate Commercial mode of Victorian architecture.
f' HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Justify how the persons,important events,and/or historical patterns associated with the structure/site
and surrounding area lend the property significance.
This property is significant because it is associated with Bozeman's early
economic development and persons important to its history, Jacob Spieth and
Charles Krug. Spieth and Krug established the first brewery in Bozeman in
1867, probably in the same location as the 1883 brick block. This present
structure was built over Bozeman Creek as it bisects Main Street on the south,
the location chosen for the needed water in brewery. The cornice was made by
a local firm, Nevitts and put into place a few months later. After the deaths
of the founders in the mid-1890s, the brewery was used for other purposes,
including a union hall.
This structure is potentially eligible for the National Register because
of Its historical associations and because of its architectural significance.
INTEGRITY: Assess the degree to which the structure/site,and surrounding area accurately convey the historical associations of the
property.
The historic integrity of this property has been retained due to the survival
of original design and materials and continuity of use, setting and location.
INFORMATION VALUE: Explain how the extant structure/site may demonstrate or yield information about its historic use or construc-
tion.
None.
GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION:
FORM PD�YrfrDarrALD ARCHITECTS P.C.
Namep. I . J Acreage:__
Addres�*. ILA, MUNIANA 55
807 USGS Quad:
Date: :; 'ti UTM's:
ia4 REVISED
Matthew A. Cohen
[3„_,..._. 7400:1nn
P
240-246 E. Main
1985 revision
Matt Cohen, surveyor
Spieth and Krug, two German immigrants whose brewery and hall became one of
the earliest social and economic focal points of Bozeman, replaced their former
frame brewery with this impressive, Italianate style brick block in 1883, during
the building boom that accompanied the arrival of the railroad. The building is
one of the most impressive of its period in the district, especially notable for
its unusual functional type, and high architectural integrity. (The only
notable alterations have been the two replacement doors in the ground floor,
and the removal of the decorative, semi-circular cornice pediment between
the central two paired brackets. The balcony appears to have been recon-
structed) .
Jacob F. Spieth was born in Germany in 1833, and emigrated to the U.S. in
1854, trying his hand at farming in Ohio and Illinois , before heading for
the mines of the west. Charles Krug had a similar background, being born in
Germany in 1840, emigrating to the U.S. in 1856, and farming in Missouri , until
1864 (Leeson , 1160, 1138) . After three years in Virginia City, Krug came to
Bozeman in 1867, and with Spieth , established a brewery in a 2-story, clap-
board, Italianate style block onthe present site, which had a false front and
a Greek Revival style storefront (the building appears in an 1865 photograph,
reproduced in Bozeman ' s Historic Resources, p. 21) . The site of the building ,
located on the west bank of Sour Dough Creek, was especially convenient for the
location of a brewery, which needed ample fresh water.
In addition to producing "Spieth & Krugs ' extra fine Export Beer" (see
photograph reproduction, Bozeman' s Historic Resources , p.22) , the entre-
preneurs operated a fashionable social hall in this pioneer town. The Bozeman
Avant Courier noted in September, 1872, that: "one of those pleasant, impromptu
parties was had on Tuesday evening at Spieth & Krug ' s Hall , where the elite of
our city assembled to indulge ( in) merry dance" (Avant Courier, September 19,
1872, p. 3) .
Responding to the increasing population and economic activity associated with
the arrival of the railroad in 1883, Spieth and Krug built this new building ,
which had an upstairs hall that opened onto a balcony through two large, round-
headed doors, and a rear wing (still standing) , used for grain storage,
washing and fermenting (Sanborn Map, 1884) . Probably due to the extensive
constructon at the time throughout the city, Spieth & Krug had diffulty
procuring brick for the second floor. This may account for the fact that the
brick of the two floors are slightly different colors (Avant Courier, November
1, 1883, P. 3) .
As seen in an 1885 engraving of the building, there has always been a small
alley along the east side of the building as at present, apparently to allow
cart access from Main St. to the related structures behind the brewery such
as a malt house, malt kiln , granary and bottled beer and soda storage buildings
(Sanborn Map, 1889) . Consequently, the east half of the rear wing has brick
ills with segmental arched windows that have shaped headed keystones like those
the main block, while the originally much less visible west half of the wing
ply has fieldstone walls.
•i
��C:`.t b't l � �•6�C�1•y �j , �Eru ri+G 1�� i
1
l
t 5
•�Fes, S 1 _to�:r;.L'�'�� 8�
w ( hc6v�-s in I�17
' 11�11 I,IMIIII'1
,y, :1 y��pl� . 1��1.�1 .•1 1,, 1 1
I l ..r' / ,I.1�• ,,!'*•'I,�,,I�,I,;t1 ,11,t1,.t�
• t '�. lr I��'I;I�.;I,!,�,.��I�III•I.';1;1'I I!I•,,i;,;l�!;:;1•I 1 i !
1 i ,•i'I�II I t`'i� I
I
__''I' � Illi. •�i�l!, t-'I' �I{II I'i{ll
'Irlil •- ( � �•
,..i• � 11 tl:.�"j111111 I'11111!I'1'1111111'I��III�11� 1
1 I r;II;It1111i11 Ittl!1,;111f1Iti,lll.f l.�tl;I
j• l;I�I,•j1j1{''ll'llll�'I'1'I Iljljl, •t r t
1III' 14 } f
a"^' F •.r I
i,• t
.\• I t 1 � � i •I i fin.
1
I I r 1.1 .1
hV .. �1;,11;!II;I;I l;it I 1 I I; Jt • •t:r��
lit
10.
Win-
1'1 ••ti 1
a I �
•, ',��_ti r,.,._:�,: '� !• ��t 'y:q iit ili i•1}1!i !I,i1ih'il. �' ;:••, II � Il � � !� �
` '•� J^��r i;i 1,1,..t III, ;,I�I'I '�� 1� , , , I
1
According to the 1884 Sanborn Map, the door at the far left of the facade,
notably less formal that the others , led to a "sleeping room" , perhaps used
by Spieth or Krug during the all-night operation of the brewery. The 1889
Sanborn Map shows the first floor in use as an "Ice house" in additon to
this, perhaps stocked with ice formed from creek water.
In 1891, according to Sanborn Maps of 1890 and 1891 , Daniel Maxy became
proprietor of what was known simply as "Bozeman Brewery" . The building is
still known as the "Mazy Building" today. Maxy continued to run an "elite
dance hall" in the second floor until abandoning it in the late 1890' s. The
brewery may have closed at that time in response to the construction of the
tremendous Lehrkind Brewery on N. Wallace Ave. in 1895 (Bozeman Courier,
December 20, 1946, p. 1) . The Maxy family apparently remodeled the building
in 1907, though their alterations are unclear.
In 1914, the Lou Wagner clothing store occupied part of the building, and
in 1927, a garage for automobile storage and repairs occupied the western
portion of the building, along with the stone wing. A sign painted on the
west wall of the building, c. 1920, that reads: "Sweets Chocolates" , is
probably a clue to another early 20th century occupant of the building.
The upper floor hall , closed for about half a century, was re-opened in
1946 for use by the Bozeman Trades and Labor Council , and became known as
Union Hall . A restaurant in the space today has adopted that name, and is
served by a brick and glass exterior stair added to the west hall of the
building around 1979. The building was also used for a brief period in the
1970' s by the VFW Club (Burlingame, 1976, p. 45) .
Bibliography
The Bozeman Courier, December 20, 1946, p. 1
Bozeman Avant Courier, September 19, 1872, p. 3
Bozeman Avant Courier, November 1 , 1883, p. 3
Leeson, pp. 1160, 1138, 1093
Sanborn Maps, 1884, 1889-, 1890, 1891, 1927
Burlingame, 1976, p. 45
8. Significance
Period Areas of Significance—Check and ju oify below
prehistoric archeology-prehistoric - - commui, ty planning _ landscape architecture__— religion
1400-1499 —_ archeology-historic _ conservalion __— law science
1500-1599 agriculture economics _ literature sculpture
1600-1699 architecture education military social/
1700-1799 art ___._ engineering music humanitarian
1 800-1899 commerce __ exploration/settlement philosophy theater
1900- communications ___X._ industry politics/government transportation
_ invention ___ other (specify)
Specific dates 1882, 1890' s Renewal Builder/Architect Unknown
Statement of Significance (in one paragraph)
The Speith & Krug Brewery building was constructed in 1882 as an addition to a complex
of buildings that formed the Bozeman Brewery. This building was constructed of locally
manufactured brick, milled lumber , and sandstone quarried nearby. As one of the earliest
commercial buildings in downtown Bozeman, the Speith & Krug Brewery reflects the airy,
verticality of early commercial design in Montana. The building retains a very high
degree of historic architectural integrity and has been in use for more than 100 years.
From its founding in 1864 , Bozeman had grown to a population of about 2,500 in 1882.
In addition to a brewery , the town had businesses and industry that provided most of
its necessities, including flour mills, saw mills, brick yards, blacksmiths, and tinsmiths.
Entertainment was also recognized as a need, and there were several halls where danceF
and social events were held . According to the Bozeman Sanborn Map of 1884 , the Bozeman
Brewery , a two story brick building with a wooden balcony on the front, was used for,
beer storage in the basement and an ice house on the first floor. The second floor wa:
a public hall. '
A decision to build the second floor was apparently made after construction of the buildinr
was well under way . A few months before the building was completed a notice appeare
in a local newspaper stating that, "We learn that Messrs. Spieth and Krug are endeavoring_.
to secure sufficient brick to carry up their new building an additional story. i1 Thi:
search for additional brick probably accounts for the fact that first and second storie,
are of different colors . A few months after this ad appeared for the Christmas Bal.'
to be held in "Spieth & Krug' s New Hall . " There had been a Spieth & Krug hall befor
the building was started,., probably in one of the other brewery buildings.
''i
Jacob F . Spieth was born in Germany in 188 and had a farming background. He emigrate!
to the United States in 1854 and spent several years in farming in the midwest. Tht
lure of gold took him to Pike Is Peak, then in 1863 to Montana where he spent two year
in Alder Gulch, two years in Confederate Gulch, and some time in other localities befor,
settling in Bozeman and opening a brewery with Charles Krug. Krug was also born in Germany.
in 1840 , and emigrated to the United States in 1856 . He farmed in Missouri until 186/;
when he followed the crowds to Virginia City. He engaged in prospecting until 1867 whe
he moved to Bozeman.
The brewery had changed hands by 1892 ; the new owners were Henry Hellinger , a forma.
• resident of Pennsylvania, and Louis Hanson, who came from Denmark. By 1900, the Bozem
Brewing Company, as the operation was then called, had moved to N. Wallace near the depe,
and Speith and Krug building had been renamed the Maxey Block. Maxey Hall, on the se=,
floor, continued to meet some of the social .needs of the community.
1 . Bozeman Avant Courier (Newspaper) . Sept. 28, 1882
N'' 10.900•n OMB No.102,1-ooin
Exp.10-31-84
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service For NPS use only
National Register of Histo0c Places received
Inventory—Nomination Form date entered ,''
Continuation sheet Item number Q Page 001
Daniel Maxey had coal mines east of Bozeman and in the 1890 's developed a solid financial
base. He expanded the building by adding a one story section to the rear and also remodeled
the front on the first floor by putting in an additional door and changing the windows. '
For a number of years businesses on the fir'-st floor were primarily saloons. A3 for example
in 1902-3 : Alexander McLain Bil-liard Hall and Albert Smith Saloon; and in 1906-7: H.E.
Huffman Saloon, Rudolf Michel Saloon and Booth & McCarthy Saloon. At this time the Bozeman
City Directory also listed Maxey ' s Hotel ( rooming house) at 46 E. Main. It should be
noted that street numbers then started with Bozeman Avenue and the Maxey Block address
was 42-46 E . Main . In 1910-11 the headquarters for Maxey Coal was given as 46 E. Main.
Businesses continued to come and go in the first floor spaces, but usage of the second
floor declined in the early part of this century. Then in 1946 , the upper floor was
refurbished by the Bozeman Trades and Labor Council, and the building became known as
the Union Hall . _ When the Labor Council built its own building a few years later the
upper floor was again deserted except for temporary use as an artist's studio. . It has
now been remodeled into a restaurant . On the first floor there are two merchandising
establishments, a delicatessen, and a bakery.
S.. Major Bibliographical rl u erences
Leeson, History of Montana, 1739-1885, pp. IM3, 1138, 1160-1163.
2ozeman City Directories: 1892-3, 1900 , 1902-- , 1906-75 1908-9
cozerman Advant Courier (newspaper) , Sept. 28, 1882; Oct. 5, 1882; Oct.26, 1882 ; Dec.21. 1882;
Nov.
(See Continuation sheet)
10. Geographical Data
Acreage of nominated property Less than 1
Quadrangle name Bozeman — Quadrangle scale 1 :6.2,500
UT M References
A I 1 2 1 141917151510115 10 15 18 14 15101 6 L l I l I l l l l
Zone Easting Northing Zone Easting Northing
CI I I I I I 1 1 LJ I I I I I I , l DLL I1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
E I I I I 1 1 I I I I I I I l l I F LJ II I 1 I I I 1
GI ) I I I L I LJ I I I I I I I l H LLJ I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
Verbal boundary description and justification
All of Lots 10, 11 & 12 of Block C. Original Townsite of Bozeman, excepting the
east 6'-3"• of the south 60' , less 10' of alley.
List all states and counties for properties overlapping state or county boundaries
I
state n/a code county code
state code county code
11 . Form Prepared By
name/title John N. DeHaas, Jr. , AIA
organization date Oct. 15, 1983
street & number 1021 S. Tracy telephone (406) 586-2276
city or town Bozeman state Montana
12. State Historic Preservation Officer certification
The evaluated significance of this property within the state is:
national _ state — = local
As the designated Stale Historic Preservation Officer for the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-
665), 1 hereby nominate this property for inclusion in the National Register and certify that it has been evaluated
according to the criteria and procedures set forth by the National Park Service.
i
State Historic Preservation Officer signature
title dale
For NPS use only
hereby certify that this property is included in the National Register
date
Keeper of the National Register
attest: date
Chir�f n( Rngi�fr;tlir>n -
•NPS Form 10900.e _ OMO No, 1024-O016
• 0 Al Exp,10-31-d4
United States Department of the Interior
National Park Service For NPS use o11iy
Natio-nal Register of Ristor is Places received
Inventory---Nomination Form date entered
Continuation sheet Item number 10 Page 001
Sanborn Bozeman Insurance Maps, 1884, 1890, 1904, 1912
The Bozeman Cn„r;ar (newspaper) , Dec. 20, 1946