HomeMy WebLinkAbout38-UDC_re-org_9 22 2016 A5_1-2-17
UDC: ARTICLE 5 – PROJECT DESIGN
Preliminary Internal Draft, January 2, 2017
Note – updates to content included in the December 28 draft are highlighted in yellow – except for the
buiding design sections which are new. This draft also includes suggestions for new definitions (last
page).
Article 5 Contents
Division 38.500 Introduction (included)
Division 38.510 Block Frontage Standards (included)
Division 38.520 Site Planning & Design Elements (included)
Division 38.530 Building Design (included)
Division 38.540 Housing Type Standards
Division 38.550
Division 38.560 Landscaping
Division 38.570 Signs
Division 38.580 Outdoor Lighting
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38.500 Introduction (New)
Sec. 38.500.010. – Purpose.
The components of this article were authorized by the city commission as a major implementation tool
of the Bozeman’s growth policy. Overall, this article intends to:
A. Provide clear objectives for those embarking on the planning and design of development projects in
Bozeman;
B. Preserve and protect the public health, safety, and welfare of the citizens of Bozeman;
C. Ensure that new commercial and multifamily development is of high quality and contributes to
Bozeman’s character;
D. Upgrade the visual appearance of Bozeman’s principal vehicular corridors;
E. Ensure that new developments within existing neighborhoods are compatible with, and enhance the
character of Bozeman’s neighborhoods;
F. Promote an increase in walking and bicycling throughout the City;
G Enhance the livability of Bozeman’s residential developments;
H. Maintain and enhance property values within Bozeman.
Sec. 38.500.020. – Applicability and compliance.
The provisions in this article generally apply to new development within the city. However, since each
division herein addresses different design and development elements, the applicability of each division is
clarified at the beginning of the division. For instance, some divisions may only apply to new commercial
and multifamily development, while individual sections in division 38.540 only apply to specific housing
types.
A. Relationship to other codes and documents. Where provisions of this article conflict with
provisions in any other section of the UDC, this article prevails unless otherwise noted.
Relationship with other notable design provisions and guidelines:
1. For sites within the city's established neighborhood conservation overlay district, the design
provisions of division 38.340 generally supersede the provisions of this article. However, the
reviewing authority may apply the provisions of this article in the event of a conflict, where it is
determined that the provisions herein help new development better meet the purpose and
intent of neighborhood conservation overlay district per section 38.340.010.
2. The Bozeman design guidelines, herein adopted by reference, are intented to supplement the
design provisions in this article. The reviewing authority may use these guidelines when
necessary to interpret the design provisions herein. The design guidelines are also intended to
assist project developers and their architects by providing graphic examples of the intent of the
city’s guidelines and regulations.
B. For building additions, remodels, and site improvements, three different thresholds have
been established to gauge how the project design standards herein are applied to such projects. See
Figure 38.500.020 below for examples of site development and the respective types of
improvements required under each of the three levels of improvements.
1. Level I Improvements include all exterior remodels, building additions, and/or site improvements
commenced within a three year period (based on the date of permit issuance) that affect the
exterior appearance of the building/site and/or increase the building’s footprint by up to 50
Comment [b1]: I updated this ection to add
necessary clarification the relationship of Article 5
with the NCOD provisions and the design guidelines
(DOP).
Comment [b2]: Close legal review here!
Comment [b3]: Updated – very close review.
Intended to apply some flexibility – as I can see
where the NCOD provisions would prevail in some ,
but not all cases – particularly since the provisions
herein are more prescriptive than provisions in the
guidelines doc.
Comment [b4]: Insert official title of updated
DOP doc.
Comment [b5]: Existing DOP references topic on
pages 4‐5 – but more clarification is needed for staff
and applicants. The approach below is one we’ve
used before with a 3‐tiered system based on the %
building footprint is increased (rather than basing it
on the $ of proposed improvements). While not
perfect, the proposed approach is easy to calculate
and takes a more relaxed approach to bringing older
non‐complying developments into conformance
when they remodel/expand. The intent is to avoid
penalizing smaller remodels/additions with costly
site improvements – and focusing on the elements
they are improving.
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percent. The requirement for such improvements is only that the proposed improvements
meet the standards and do not lead to further nonconformance with the standards. For
example, if a property owner decides to replace a building façade’s siding, then the siding must
meet the applicable exterior building material standards, but elements such as building
articulation would not be required.
2. Level II Improvements include all improvements commenced within a three year period (based
on the date of permit issuance) that increase the building’s footprint by more than 50 percent,
but not greater than 100 percent. All standards that do not involve repositioning the building or
reconfiguring site development apply to Level II Improvements. For example, if a property
owner of an existing home in the B-2 Zone wants to convert the home to an office and build an
addition equaling 75 percent of the current building’s footprint, then the following elements
apply:
a. The location and design of the addition/remodel must be consistent with the block frontage
standards (division 38.510), which address building frontages, entries, parking lot location,
and front yard landscaping. For such developments seeking additions to buildings where off-
street parking location currently does not comply with applicable parking location standards,
building additions are allowed provided they do not increase any current non-conformity and
generally bring the project closer into conformance with the standards. (see division 38.550,
Parking)
b. Comply with applicable site planning and design elements (division 38.520).
c. Comply with all building design provisions of division 38.530, except architectural scale and
materials provisions related to the existing portion of the building where no exterior changes
are proposed. The entire building must comply with building elements/details, materials, and
blank wall treatment standards of section 38.540.070.
d. Comply with the off-street parking, landscaping, signage, and lighting provisions of divisions
38.550-580 that relate to proposed improvements.
2. Level III Improvements include all improvements commenced within a three year period (based
on the date of permit issuance) that increase the building’s footprint by more than 100 percent.
Such developments must conform to ALL applicable standards.
The application review procedures for new development are addressed in ___ of this title. For
procedures associated with new developments requiring a building permit, see ____.
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Figure 38.500.020
Examples of site development and the respective types of improvements required under each of the three levels of
improvements.
Comment [b6]: Still need applicable X ref of
threshold standards for when street improvements
are required.
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Sec. 38.500.030. – How the provisions of this article are applied.
Decisions on applications requiring design review must be made as follows:
A. Intent. Each design element has intent statements followed by design standards. Intent statements
describe the City’s overarching objectives for each design element.
B. Standards are required provisions. They feature language such as “must”, “is/are required”, or
“is/are prohibited”. Some standards feature a number of different ways to meet the requirement
(toolbox approach whereby applicants can choose amongst various optional ways of meeting a
standard). While most standards are easily quantifiable, there are some standards that provide a
level of discretion in how they are complied with. In the latter case, the applicant must demonstrate
in writing how the project meets the intent of the standards.
C. Guidelines use words such as “should” or “is/are recommended,” signifying voluntary measures.
D. Graphics are also provided to clarify the concepts behind the intent statements and design
standards. If there is a discrepancy between the text and the illustrations, the text prevails.
E. Departures are provided for specific standards. They allow alternative designs provided the
reviewing authority determines the design meet the purpose of the standards. Departure
opportunities are identified by the symbol. Specific departures often come with additional
criteria to aid applicants and the reviewing authority in designing projects and ultimately making
decisions on them. See ______ for related procedures associated with departures.
Where the decision maker concludes that the application does not comply with the applicable standards
the decision maker may condition approval based on compliance with some or all of the design criteria,
or the decision maker may deny the application.
Comment [b7]: Make sure this is addressed.
Comment [b8]: Update cross reference once
procedures section is updated. – Need to coordinate
with Bill and Lisa. The basic option is that these are
still reviewed and approved administratively. But
there’s maybe discussion that there’s extra notice or
opp for public input with these.
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38.510 Block Frontage Standards (Article 44)
NOTE: Proposed updates to the recent Article 44 block frontage provisions that were adopted for the
Midtown area, but are now being revised to apply on a citywide basis are shown in track changes.
Sec. 38.510.010. – Block frontageIntroduction. (38.44.010)
A. Purpose.
1. To provide standards to implement the growth policy and applicable adopted sub-area plans;
2. To design sites and orient buildings with an emphasis on compatible development and creating a
comfortable walking environment; and
3. To provide standards that recognize the need for a system of streets and block frontages.
B. Applicability.
The provisions of this division apply to all development within Bozeman, except single and two-
household dwellings. Also:
1. For clarification on the relationship between the provisions in this division and other documents
and codes, see section 38.500.020.A.
2. For the application of building additions and remodels and site improvements, see section
38.500.020.B.
3. For clarification on how the provisions of this division are applied, see section 38.500.030.
C. How to use this division. Block frontage standards for individual properties depend on the type of
street properties front onto. Thus, consider the following steps in using this division:
1. Go to the maps in section 38.510.020 to find your property and the block frontage type
designation for the street or streets fronting your property. For properties in residential zones,
the standards for Landscaped block frontages (see section 38.510.030.C) apply. For properties
in Industrial zones, see section 38.510.030.H. For properties that front onto multiple streets,
see provisions in section 38.510.030.K;
2. Go to the appropriate code section in this division for the block frontage standards for
applicable block frontage type designation. Table 38.510.030.A includes a summary of the five
primary street frontage type designations along with links to the appropriate sections, the
intention for each block frontage designation, and key design/use provisions; and
Sec. 38.510.020. – Community design framework maps and standards. (38.44.010)
A. About the maps. The maps together with the block frontage standards in section 38.510.030 guide
the look and feel of development in commercial and multifamily areas throughout Bozeman when
viewed from the street. The provisions herein recognize that there is a hierarchy of different streets
and block frontage types ranging from the pedestrian-oriented storefronts to arterial
streets/frontages that warrant greater flexibility in the design of frontages.
The block frontage standards address streetfront elements including:
1. Building location and orientation.
2. Parking lot location.
3. Window transparency.
Comment [b9]: Updated. Triplexes and above
should have to apply. (I would also include
townhouses – thus I didn’t specifically exempt them.
Comment [b10]: Still need to figure out an
approach here – may use the “other” type – but
with minimum setbacks.
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4. Weather protection.
5. Landscaping.
The community design framework maps also identify high visibility street corner sites that warrant
special design treatment. Ultimately, these “form-based” provisions will help to reinforce existing
and desired development patterns intended to implement the growth policy, including adopted
neighborhood plans. Figure 38.500.010.A identifies the block frontage designations for existing and
future streets within the B-2M district along, adjacent to and near North 7th Avenue.
B. Figure 38.510.020.B below is an overview map of the applicable planning areas within Bozeman.
Examine the map to determine which map or figure relates to individual properties.
C. Figures 38.510.020.C.1-12 include community design framework maps for applicable mixed-use and
nonresidential zones throughout Bozeman.
D. All block frontages within the R-5 district residential zones are subject to landscaped block frontage
provisions set forth in section 38.510.030.C.
E. The default block frontage for new or undesignated streets (such as those within annexed land) in
commercial and mixed-use zones is Mixed (see the mixed block frontage provisions set forth in
38.510.030.D),
F. The block frontage designations apply to development on both sides of the street except where
otherwise specified, excect for sites that are not within the B-2M or R-5 districts.
G. Changes to the block frontage designation for new and existing streets may be made through the
following procedures:
a. UDC text amendment per ______.
b. Community Design Framework Master Plan per section 38.510.030.L.
4. Subsection D describes the standards for each block frontage designation.
5. New streets in the B-2M district shall be designated with one of the four block frontage
designations by the City prior to street dedication or other applicable development approval
based on adopted goals and policies and existing and/or planned site context.
D. Departures. The review authority may approve an alternative to comply with a block frontage
standard if the proposed alternative meets the intent of the existing block frontage standard. The
block frontage standards where departures are available are identified by the symbol. Certain
standards where departures are available have required departure criteria that must be satisfied
prior to approval.
Comment [b11]: Flag.
Comment [b12]: flag
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Figure 38.510.020.B
Overview map of applicable community design framework maps.
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Figure 38.510.020.C.1
Map 1: 19th – I‐90 to Boot Hill Court.
Comment [b13]: Some of the large undeveloped
B‐2 zoned sites might be good candidates to require
a Community Design Framework Master plan per
subsection L. Here’s how we illustrated such sites
on maps for our ongoing North Carolina projects:
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Figure 38.510.020.C.2
Map 2: Burke Street to Oak Street.
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Figure 38.510.020.C.3
Map 3: Baxter Lane – Gallatin Green NW.
Comment [b14]: Some of these sites might be
good candidates to require a Community Design
Framework Master plan per subsection L.
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Figure 38.510.020.C.4
Map 4: NE + N of I‐90.
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Figure 38.510.020.C.5
Map 5: Main Street ‐ Durston Road to College Street.
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Figure 38.510.020.C.6
Map 6: Rouse Avenue ‐ Oak Street to Peach Street.
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Figure 38.510.020.C.7
Map 7: Main Street – Wallace Avenue to Highland Boulevard.
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Figure 38.510.020.C.8
Maps 8a‐d.
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Figure 38.510.020.C.9
Map 9: Cottonwood Street – 191/Huffine Lane to Babcock Street.
Comment [b15]: Some of these sites might be
good candidates to require a Community Design
Framework Master plan per subsection L.
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Figure 38.510.020.C.10
Map 10: Hospital – Highland Boulevard.
Comment [b16]: The B‐2 zone on south/east
side of highland might be good candidates to
require a Community Design Framework Master
plan per subsection L.
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Figure 38.510.020.C.11
Map 11: Downtown.
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Figure 38.510.020.C.12
Map 12: Midtown.
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D. Departures. The review authority may approve an alternative to comply with a block frontage
standard if the proposed alternative meets the intent of the existing block frontage standard. The
block frontage standards where departures are available are identified by the symbol. Certain
standards where departures are available have required departure criteria that must be satisfied
prior to approval.
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Sec. 38.510.030. – Block Frontage Standards. (38.44.010)
A. Summary chart. Block frontages and standards. Figure Table 38.5100.0310.AE summarizes
standards for each of the sixfour designated block frontage types. Specific standards for each of the
block frontage types set forth below:
Table 38.510.030.A
Summary of block frontage standards.
Comment [b17]: Updates from the midtown
code changes are noted in track changes.
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B. Storefront block frontages.
1. Description/intent. Storefront block frontages are intended to be among the most vibrant and
active shopping and dining areas within the city. Blocks designated as storefront blocks include
continuous storefronts placed along the sidewalk edge with small scale shops and/or frequent
business entries.
2. Vision. Figure 38.510.030.B provides a depiction of relationship between the street, sidewalk and
storefront for a property designated for a storefront block frontage.
Figure 38.510.030.B
Storefront vision and key standards.
3. Standards. All development as set forth in UDC 38.510.010.B within the B-2M and R-5 districts
designated ason sites containing a storefront block frontage designation must comply with the
following standards (on applicable block frontages):
Table 38.510.030.B
Storefront block frontage standards.
Element Standards Examples & Notes
Ground floor
Land use Non-residential uses specified in 38.10.020, except for lobbies associated with residential or hotel/motel uses on
upper floors.
Floor to ceiling height 13’ minimum (applies to new buildings only).
Retail space depth 20’ minimum (applies to new buildings
only),
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Table 38.510.030.B
Storefront block frontage standards.
Element Standards Examples & Notes
Building placement Required at front property line/back edge
of sidewalk. Additional setbacks are
allowed for widened sidewalk or pedestrian-oriented space.
Building entrances Must face the street. For corner
buildings, entrances may face the street
corner.
Façade transparency At least 60% of ground floor between 30” and 10’ above the sidewalk.
Display windows may count for up to 50%
of the transparency requirement provided
they are at least 30” in depth to allow for changeable displays. Tack-on display cases
do not qualify as transparent window
areas.
Weather protection Weather protection with 8-15’ vertical clearance at least 5’ in average depth along
at least 60% of façade.
Retractable awnings may be used to meet
these requirements.
Parking & driveways
Also see division 38.540 of this division for related
parking requirements
New surface and structured parking areas (ground floor) must be placed to the side
or rear of structures and are limited to
60’ of street frontage.
Provide a 6’ minimum buffer of landscaping between the street and off
street par king areas meeting the
performance standards of division 38.550.
Sidewalk width 12 feet minimum between curb edge and storefront (area includes clear/buffer zone
with street trees)
4. Departure criteria. Departures to the above standards that feature the symbol will be
considered by the review authority provided the alternative proposal meets the intent of the
standards, plus the following criteria:
a. RETAIL SPACE DEPTH: Reduced depths will be considered where the applicant can
successfully demonstrate the proposed alternative design and configuration of the space is
viable for a variety of permitted retail uses;
Comment [b18]: Staff and CDG – most of the
old main street buildings DO NOT actually have
weather protection features. We essentially have 3
options. (1) Don’t require WP on storefront block
frontages – but encourage them via the articulation
and building details standards. (2) Require them
only on the north and east sides of streets as more
of a sun/shade protection feature (this is what we
did in Boise). Or (3) – Require them as we do here –
as a feature that’s important to the livability and
functionality of the storefront streetscape.
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b. FAÇADE TRANSPARENCY: The proposed alternative design treatment of façade area
between ground level windows provides visual interest to the pedestrian and mitigates
impacts of any blank wall areas. No less than 40 percent of the façade between 30 inches
and ten feet above the sidewalk may be approved with a departure;
c. WEATHER PROTECTION: Other proposed alternative design treatments must provide
equivalent weather protection benefits; and
d. PARKING LOCATION: There must be an acceptable tradeoff in terms of the amount and
quality of storefront area that is integrated with the development and the applicable parking
location departure. Plus, the alternative must include design features to successfully mitigate
the visual impact of additional parking areas along designated storefront streets.
C. Landscaped block frontages.
1. Description/intent. The landscaped block frontage designation emphasizes landscaped frontages
and clear pedestrian connections between buildings and the sidewalk. This designation applies
to all new and existing streets in applicable residential districts plus includes residential based
streets and other streets in commercial/ mixed-use zoned areas where special landscaped
frontages are desired.
2. Vision. Figure 38.510.030.C provides a depiction of relationship between the street, sidewalk
and storefront for a property designated for a landscaped block frontage.
Figure 38.510.030.C
Landscaped block frontage vision and key standards.
3. Standards. All development as set forth in UDC 38.510.010.B on sites containing awithin the B-
2M and R-5 districts designated as landscaped block frontage designation must comply with the
following standards (on applicable block frontages):
Comment [b19]: I’ve swapped Landscaped
frontages up and moved Mixed back one. That way
– we can more easily discuss how the Mixed
designation is a combo of both – and we can
eliminate duplicative text.
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Table 38.510.030.C
Landscaped block frontage standards.
Element Standards Examples & Notes
Ground floor:
Land use See Tables 38.310.030-.040 for
permitted use details.
Ground floor height, residential uses For buildings within 15’ of sidewalk, elevate between 2’ to 5’ above the sidewalk level, except for designated
ADA accessible units.
Building placement 10’ minimum setback from the sidewalk is required.
See ___ for special design provisions
associated with ground level residential
uses adjacent to a sidewalk.
Covered or uncovered porches may
project up to 6’ into the front setback.
Building entrances Building entrances must be visible and directly accessible from the street.
For uses that front on multiple mixed
designated block frontages, an entry
along both streets is encouraged, but not required.
Façade transparency For buildings designed with ground level
non-residential uses, at least 25% of the
ground floor between 4’-8’ above the sidewalk.
For residential uses, at least 15% of the
entire façade (all vertical surfaces
generally facing the street).
Windows must be provided on all habitable floors of the façade.
Façade transparency - residential building
example.
Weather protection Provide weather protection at least 3’ deep over primary business and
residential entries.
Comment [b20]: Suggest eliminating this and
replacing with the special design provisions in ____.
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Table 38.510.030.C
Landscaped block frontage standards.
Element Standards Examples & Notes
Parking & driveways
Also see division 38.540 of this division for related parking
requirements
Parking must be placed to the side,
rear, below or above uses. For multi-
building developments, surface and structured parking areas (ground floor)
are limited to no more than 50% of the
street frontage.
Private or shared garage entries must occupy no more than 50% of façade width.
Provide a 10’ minimum buffer of
landscaping between the street and off
street parking areas meeting the performance standards of division
38.560 of this division.
New parking structures must feature
landscaped setbacks at least 10’ in width.
Landscaping
Also see division 38.560 of this
division for related landscaping
standards
The area between the street and
building must be landscaped and/or
private porch or patio space.
For setbacks adjacent to buildings with windows, provide low level landscaping
that maintains views between the
building and the street.
Also provide plant materials that screen any blank walls and add visual interest
at both the pedestrian scale and
motorist scale. For extended wall
areas, provide for a diversity of plant materials and textures to maintain
visual interest from a pedestrian scale.
Example of low level landscaping that
screens foundation walls, provides visual interest, and maintains views from
dwelling units to the street.
Sidewalk width 6’ minimum sidewalks are required adjacent to arterial streets and public parks and 5’ minimum width in other
areas, except the review authority may require wider sidewalks in special areas where called for in adopted plans or
where significant pedestrian traffic is
anticipated.
4. Departure criteria. Departures to the above standards that feature the symbol will be
considered by the review authority provided the alternative proposal meets the intent of the
standards, plus the following criteria:
a. BUILDING ENTRANCES. Block frontages with steep slopes and/or those facing busy
arterial streets and very limited pedestrian traffic mat warrant some flexibility to this
standard (particularly in residential districts).
b. FAÇADE TRANSPARENCY: The proposed alternative design treatment of façade area
between ground level windows provides visual interest to the pedestrian and mitigates
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impacts of any blank wall areas. No less than 40 percent of the façade between 30 inches
and ten feet above the sidewalk may be approved with a departure;
c. PARKING LOCATION: There must be an acceptable tradeoff in terms of the amount and
quality of storefront area that is integrated with the development and the applicable parking
location departure. Plus, the alternative must include design features to successfully mitigate
the visual impact of additional parking areas along designated storefront streets.
D. Mixed block frontages.
1. Description/intent. The mixed block frontage designation serves areas that accommodate a
mixture of ground floor uses and allows a diversity of development frontages provided they
contribute to the visual character of the street and enhance the pedestrian environment.
2. Vision. Figure 38.510.030.D provides a depiction of relationship between the street, sidewalk
and storefront for a property designated for a mixed block frontage.
Storefront Landscaped Frontage
OR
Figure 38.510.030.D
Mixed block frontage options and standards.
3. Standards. All development as set forth in UDC 38.510.010.B on sites containing awithin the B-
2M and R-5 districts designated as mixed block frontage have the option to shall comply with
either the Storefront or Landscaped block frontage provisions as set forth above, with the
following standardsmodifications (on applicable block frontages):
Table 38.510.030.C
Mixed block frontage standards.
Element Standards Examples & Notes
Building placement Buildings may be placed up to the
sidewalk edge provided they meet storefront standards set forth
above.
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Table 38.510.030.C
Mixed block frontage standards.
Element Standards Examples & Notes
The minimum setback for buildings
with ground floor residential uses is
10’.
See ___ for special design provisions associated with ground level residential uses adjacent to a
sidewalk.
Covered or uncovered porches
may project up to 6’ into the front setback.
Façade transparency
Generally, the amount of
transparency of facades
depends on the use and setback from the street.
Any storefront buildings on these
block frontages must meet the
storefront block frontage transparency standards above.
Other buildings designed with non-
residential uses on the ground floor
within 10’ of sidewalk, at least 40% of the ground floor between 4’-8’
above the ground level surface.
Other buildings designed with non-
residential uses on the ground floor within 20’ of the sidewalk, at least
25% of the ground floor between
4’-8’ above the ground level surface.
Residential buildings, at least 15% of
the entire façade (all vertical surfaces generally facing the street).
Windows must be provided on all
habitable floors of the façade.
Façade transparency - residential building
example.
4. Departure criteria. Departures to the above standards that feature the symbol will be
considered by the review authority provided the alternative proposal meets the intent of the
standards, plus the following criteria:
a. RETAIL SPACE DEPTH: Reduced depths will be considered where the applicant can
successfully demonstrate the proposed alternative design and configuration of the space is
viable for a variety of permitted retail uses;
b. MINIMUM SETBACK: For residential uses, provide design treatments that create an effective
transition between the public and private realm. This could include a stoop design or other
similar treatments that utilize a low fence, retaining wall, and/or hedge along the sidewalk.
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Figure 38.510.030.D.4
Stoop examples.
c. FAÇADE TRANSPARENCY: The proposed alternative design treatment of façade area
between ground level windows provides visual interest to the pedestrian and mitigates
impacts of any blank wall areas. No less than 40 percent of the façade between 30 inches
and ten feet above the sidewalk may be approved with a departure;
d. WEATHER PROTECTION: Other proposed alternative design treatments must provide
equivalent weather protection benefits; and
e. PARKING LOCATION: There must be an acceptable tradeoff in terms of the amount and
quality of storefront area that is integrated with the development and the applicable parking
location departure. Plus, the alternative must include design features to successfully mitigate
the visual impact of additional parking areas along designated storefront streets.
E. Gateway block frontages.
a. Description/intent. The Gateway block frontage designation serves strategic areas fronted by
highways or other high visibility arterials that feature heavy vehicular traffic, but there is a desire
to provide attractive landscaped frontages, limit the extent of visible surface parking, and
accommodate the needs of pedestrians.
b. Vision. Figure 38.510.030.E provides a depiction of relationship between the street, sidewalk and
storefront for a property designated for the Gateway block frontage.
Figure 38.510.030.E
Gateway block frontage vision. Comment [b21]: I’d like to update or replace
this graphic and point out key elements – including
the setback, landscaping, building
location/orientation, and parking location. Perhaps
CDG will have a graphic we can borrow for this. For
now, this is a placeholder.
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3. Standards. All development as set forth in UDC 38.510.010.B on sites containing the gateway
block frontage designation must comply with the landscaped block frontage provisions as set
forth above, with the following modifications (on applicable block frontages):
Table 38.510.030.E
Gateway frontage standards.
Element Standards Examples & Notes
Building placement The minimum setback for buildings
is 25’.
Building entrances At least one (publicly accessible for
commercial buildings) building entrances must be visible and
directly accessible from the street.
Parking & driveways Surface and structured parking must
be placed to the side, rear, below or above uses. For multi-building
developments, surface and
structured parking areas (ground floor) are limited to no more than
60% of the street frontage.
4. Departure criteria. See subsection C.4 of this section for criteria.
F. Internal roadway storefront block frontages.
1. Description/intent. The Internal roadway storefront block frontage designation is intended to
apply to some existing commercial storefront areas that are located on internal streets. This
designation intends to reinforce and enhance the storefront environment if and when changes
occur over time.
2. Standards. Development as set forth in UDC 38.510.010.B on sites containing the internal
roadway storefront block frontage designation must comply with the storefront block frontage
standards as set forth above, with only the following modifications:
Table 38.510.030.F
Internal roadway storefront block frontage standards.
Element Standards
Façade transparency At least 50% of ground floor between 30” and 10’ above the sidewalk.
Landscaping A planting strip with a tree must be integrated along the sidewalk every 40’ of lineal frontage on average.
Sidewalk width 12’ minimum walking surface (landscape planter areas may not be counted in the
sidewalk width calculations).
3. Departure criteria. See subsection B.4 of this section for criteria.
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G. Other block frontages.
1. Description/intent. All other block frontages in districts that are not designated in Community
Design Framework Maps are provided greater flexibility with regards to the design of
development frontages. These block frontages includes a combination of side streets (where
most uses often front on other adjacent streets), service oriented streets (often characterized
by industrial or service types of uses), and heavy arterial streets. While there is greater
flexibility in the amount of transparency of facades and the location of surface and structured
parking, design parameters are included to ensure that development frontages along these
streets provide visual interest at all observable scales and meet the design objectives of the city.
2. Standards. All development as set forth in UDC 38.510.010.B with applicable block frontage
designations must comply with standards below (on applicable block frontages):
Table 38.510.030.G
Other block frontage standards.
Element Standard Examples & Notes
Ground floor land use
Land use See Tables 38.310.030-.040 for permitted
use details.
Ground floor height,
residential uses
For buildings within 15’ of sidewalk, elevate
between 2’ to 5’ above the sidewalk level,
except for designated ADA accessible units.
Building placement Where allowed in the applicable zoning district, buildings may be placed up to the
sidewalk edge provided Storefront block
frontage standards above are met (except where otherwise noted herein).
The minimum setback for buildings with
ground floor residential uses is 10’.
See ___ for special design provisions
associated with ground level residential
uses adjacent to a sidewalk.
Covered or uncovered porches may project up to 6’ into the front setback.
Building entrances Building entrances facing the street are
encouraged. At a minimum, at least one
building entry visible and directly accessible from the street is required. Where
buildings are setback from the street,
pedestrian connections are required from the sidewalk.
Façade transparency For storefronts, at least 60% of ground
floor between 30” and 10’ above the sidewalk is required.
Other buildings designed with non-residential uses on the ground floor within
10’ of sidewalk, at least 30% of the ground
floor between 4’-8’ above the sidewalk.
Other buildings, at least 10% of the entire façade (all vertical surfaces generally facing
the street). Façade transparency - residential building
example.
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Table 38.510.030.G
Other block frontage standards.
Element Standard Examples & Notes
Weather protection At least 3’ deep over primary business and
residential entries.
Parking location
Also see division 38.540 of
this division for related parking requirements
There are no parking lot location
restrictions, except that a 10’ buffer of landscaping between the street and off
street parking areas meeting the
performance standards of division 38.560 of this division.
Landscaping
Also see division 38.550 of
this division for related
landscaping standards
The area between the street and building
must be landscaped and/or private porch
or patio space.
For setbacks adjacent to buildings with windows, provide low level landscaping that
maintains views between the building and
the street.
Also provide plant materials that screen any blank walls and add visual interest at
both the pedestrian scale and motorist
scale. For extended wall areas, provide for a diversity of plant materials and textures to maintain visual interest from a
pedestrian scale.
Example of low level landscaping that
screens foundation walls, provides visual
interest, and maintains views from dwelling units to the street.
Sidewalk width Where storefront buildings are proposed, sidewalks must meet storefront block
frontage standards above. Otherwise, 6’
minimum sidewalks are required adjacent to arterial streets and public parks and 5’
minimum width in other areas, except the
review authority may require wider sidewalks in special areas where called for
in adopted plans or where significant
pedestrian traffic is anticipated.
3. Departure criteria. Departures to the above standards that feature the symbol will be
considered by the review authority provided the alternative proposal meets the intent of the
standards, plus the following criteria:
a. MINIMUM SETBACK. Provide design treatments that create an effective transition between
the public and private realm. This could include a stoop design to other similar treatments
that utilize a low fence, retaining wall, and/or hedge alone the sidewalk.
b. FAÇADE TRANSPARENCY. The design treatment of a façade and/or landscape element
provides visual interest to the pedestrian and mitigates impacts of any blank wall area.
H. Block frontages in the industrial zones are subject to the standards for “Other” streets as set
forth in subsection G above except:
1. Minimum front yard provisions of _____ supersede the building location provisions set forth in
subsection G.2 of this section.
2. Planting areas between the sidewalk and the building, outdoor storage, or parking areas must be
at least 20 feet in depth with Type ___ plantings as set forth in ___. Reductions in the
landscaping frontage may be considered for low volume and low visibility streets entirely within
Comment [b22]: Xref to zoning setbacks
Comment [b23]: X ref to the section in division
38.560 (landscaping)
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the industrial zone. Land uses with a higher density of employees warrant standard landscaping
and pedestrian access provisions.
I. Trail/ Park frontages. Where a property fronts onto a park or a public trail, such frontages must
comply with the mixed block frontage standards set forth in subsection D of this section. For
developments/uses with non-residential uses that the review authority determines that an
orientation to the trail would not be appropriate based on the context of the site, the development
must be subject to the standards for “other block frontages” set forth in subsection G above, with a
minimum building setback of 20 feet (from applicable park/trail right-of-way, easement, or property
line.
The development in the left image includes a courtyard that orients towards the trail. The low fence allows
visibility between the uses, yet divides public and private space in an acceptable manner. The right image
illustrates an active commercial use fronting on the trail.
Figure 38.510.030.I
Park/trail frontage examples
J. Special residential block frontage standards along sidewalks and internal pathways. The
objective of this standard is to ensure privacy and security for residents, and an attractive and safe
pathway that complements the qualities of the adjoining residences within a residential complex.
For residences with ground floor living spaces facing a sidewalk or pedestrian path in a residential or
mixed use development, the building must feature at least one of the public/private space transition
elements described below:
1. Raised deck or porch option. Provide at least a 60 square foot porch or deck raised at least one
foot above grade. The porch or deck must be at least six feet wide, measured perpendicular to
the building face. (The deck may be recessed into the unit floor plan so that deck does not
extend from the building face a full six feet.) A low fence, rail or hedge, two feet to four feet
high, may be integrated between the sidewalk or internal pathway and deck or porch.
2. Private open space option. Provide a minimum ten-foot wide private open space between the
face of the residence and the edge of the walkway. The space may be paved or landscaped. A
fence or planting two to four feet high must be provided within the open space.
3. Landscaped area. Provide a minimum ten-foot wide landscaped area between the face of the
building and the edge of the pathway. The plantings must reach three feet high within three
years after planting.
4. Raised ground floor. If the residence’s ground floor is a minimum of three feet above the grade
adjacent to the building, then the landscaped area in option c, above, may be reduced to four
feet wide.
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Other transition design measure that adequately protects the privacy and comfort of the
residential unit and the attractiveness and usefulness of the pathway at least as effectively as
option 1 through 4 above.
See Figure 38.510.030.J below for examples of the above treatments.
The upper left image uses a low fence and landscaped setback. The right imaged use landscaped terraces and
elevated ground level units. The lower left image uses a landscaped berm between the pathway and semi‐private
open space.
Figure 38.510.030.J
Acceptable public/private transitional space design between sidewalk or
pathways and ground level residential units.
K. Where a property fronts onto multiple streets/frontage designations. Where a property
fronts onto more than one street and each street has a different frontage designation, each building
frontage must comply with the standards for the block frontage upon which it fronts, with the
following clarifications:
1. Where a conflict exists between frontage standards, the review authority will apply the
standards of a block frontage pursuant to the following order of preference:
a. Storefront;
b. Mixed;
c. Landscaped; then
d. Other.
Items 2-5 below clarify how the order of preference works for particular frontage elements.
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2. Building Location: For corner sites with landscaped block frontage on one street and storefront
or mixed on another, a storefront frontage may wrap around the corner (on the landscaped
block frontage side) for up to a half block width or no more than 120 feet (whichever is more).
3. Entrances: For corner sites, entrances on both streets are encouraged, but only one entrance is
required. For corner sites with frontage on a storefront block frontage on one side, an
entrance must be placed on the storefront block frontage side. For corner sites with a mix of
designations that do not include a storefront block frontage, the entry must be placed on the
order of preference identified above. Departures may be considered provided the location
and design of the entry and block frontage treatments are compatible with the character of the
area and enhance the character of the street.
4. Transparency: For corner sites – at least one block frontage must meet the applicable
transparency standards (based on the order of preference above. For the second block
frontage, the review authority may approve a reduction in the minimum amount of transparency
by 50 percent. For street corners with the same designations on both frontages, buildings must
employ the full transparency on the dominant frontage (based on the frontage width or
established neighborhood pattern).
5. Parking: Surface parking (including ground floor parking in a structure) adjacent to a street
corner is not allowed, except:
a. Corner lots with non-designated frontages (other) on both streets;
b. Other combination of block frontages, except those with a storefront designation, via a
departure and subject to the applicable departure criteria.
Figure 38.510.030.K
Clarifying block frontage standards on street corners.
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L. Community Design Framework Master Plan. Recently annexed or rezoned commercial or
mixed-use properties along with strategic large undeveloped sites necessitate a different approach to
applying block frontage standards. The provisions below identify the intent, applicable sites, block
frontage designation options, and special standards for developing community design framework
master plans.
1. Intent.
a. To provide thoughtful and fair process to plan for the development of large and new
commercial and mixed-use sites consistent with Bozeman’s growth policy.
b. To promote the arrangement of streets, buildings, open space, parking and service areas that
creates a strong sense of community and enhances the character of Bozeman.
c. To avoid uncoordinated patterns of development that waste valuable land, compromise
vehicular and pedestrian access, and degrade the character of Bozeman.
2. Applicable sites.
a. Sites shown on
b. Recently annexed sites zoned as one of the commercial or mixed-use zoning districts.
c. Sites recently rezoned one of the commercial or mixed-use zoning districts that are not
addressed in the community design framework maps in section 38.510.020.
3. Block frontage designations options.
a. Prior to site development of applicable sites, a community design framework master plan
must be developed, approved and recorded for the property per the procedures set forth in
_____. The master plans must include:
(1) New streets and internal roadways along with block frontage designations (types
included in this section)
(2) Any designated high visibility street corners.
(3) Any planned open spaces, trails, and shared use paths.
(4) Any special phasing conditions.
(5) Other special design conditions unique to the site and plan that must be implemented
with future site plan development.
b. Community design framework master plans may utilize any existing block frontage
designations that border the site, or include an alternative block frontage designation type or
types, subject to master plan approval.
c. Alternatively, site plan development may occur on applicable sites without an approved and
recorded community design framework master plan provided all block frontages comply with
the standards for mixed block frontages as set forth in subsection D of this section.
Comment [b24]: Per discussion with staff ‐
consider a separate permit specific to block
frontages that could be processed simultaneous
with other permits. Maybe also allow such plans to
be integrated with subdivisions or PUDs. But – since
some developments may occur separate from these
–we likely need to have an independent process.
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NOTE – FOR OTHER COMMUNITIES – WE’VE SPECIFICALLY NOTED ON THE CDF MAPS FOR LARGE UNDEVELOPED COMMERCIAL /MIXED-USE SITES – WHERE A CDFMP MUST BE ADOPTED AND
RECORDED PRIOR TO DEVELOMENT – OTHERWISE – THEY COULD USE THE DEFAULT “MIXED”
FRONTAGE TYPE/STANDARDS.
4. Master plan design standards. Community design framework master plans must meet the intent
as set forth above plus the following parameters for specific sites:
Table 38.510.030.L
Community design framework master plan design standards
The provisions below are intended to guide the design of individual community design framework master
plans. They are referred to as standards, since all proposed plans must successfully demonstrate how they
comply with the provisions herein.
All Sites Configure site to create a pedestrian‐oriented focal point. Such a focal point
could be a main street (storefront), a central square surrounded by
storefronts or other similar.
Larger sites have greater expectations in the amount of storefront designated
frontages.
Goals, policies and concepts from adopted plans must be used to help
determine compliance with these standards.
OTHER SITES WITH SPECIAL STANDARDS
Sites A-D Provide a fine grain of streets and internal streets and walkways that provides
good pedestrian and auto circulation between commercial and mixed uses
towards Highway XX and residential uses to the west/east.
Whereas the focal point of future development might be internal to the site,
the Highway XX block frontage will function as a major gateway into the city –
emphasizing the importance of views into the site from the Highway.
Configure development on Site B to include a storefront street parallel to
and/or perpendicular to Highway XX.
Site E Develop the site utilizing the block frontage designations shown in Figure __;
OR.
Reconfigure the streets and block frontage configuration that creates a similar
focal point and arrangement that helps to establish (PLACENAME) as a distinct
pedestrian‐friendly development.
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Examples of commercial centers configured to create a pedestrian‐oriented focal point. Parking areas are carefully
located to provide convenience while minimizing impacts to the visual and pedestrian environment.
Figure 38.510.030.L
Example type of development appropriate for Sites A‐D.
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38.520 Site Planning & Design Elements (New)
Sec. 38.520.010. – Purpose.
A. Preserve and protect the public health, safety, and welfare of the citizens of Bozeman.
B. To promote thoughtful layout of buildings, parking areas, and circulation, service, landscaping, and
amenity elements that enhances Bozeman’s visual character, promotes compatibility between
developments and uses, and enhances the function of developments.
Also see the individual “intent” statements for each section in this division.
Sec. 38.520.020. – Applicability and compliance.
The provisions of this division apply to all development within Bozeman, except single and two-
household dwellings. Also:
A. For clarification on the relationship between the provisions in this division and other documents and
codes, see section 38.500.020.A.
B. For the application of building additions and remodels and site improvements, see section
38.500.020.B.
C. For clarification on how the provisions of this division are applied, see section 38.500.030.
D. The reviewing authority may waive or relax these provisions in the industrial zones depending on
the type of use, number of anticipated employees and customers, and the site’s physical context.
The greater number of employees and/or customers and the higher visibility levels warrant a greater
application of building design standards.
C. For sites within the city's established neighborhood conservation overlay district: Where there is a
conflict between the standards in this section and the neighborhood conservation overlay district
standards in division 38.340, the most restrictive provisions apply as determined by ___.
Comment [b25]: Updates per changes to
38.500.020 and NCOD and design guidelines.
Comment [b26]: Updated. Triplexes and above
should have to apply. (I would also include
townhouses – thus I didn’t specifically exempt them.
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Sec. 38.520.030. – Relationship to adjacent properties.
A. Intent.
1. To promote the functional and visual compatibility between developments.
2. To protect the privacy of residents on adjacent properties.
B. Balconies along side and rear yards adjacent to residentially zoned properties.
Balconies or rooftop decks within 15 horizontal feet of a side property line abutting a residentially
zoned property must feature a railing system that is at least 50 percent opaque. Specifically, 50
percent of the area below the railing must be a sight-obscuring structure.
Figure 38.520.030.B
Privacy Standards for Balconies Within 15 Feet of Side or Rear Yards
Departures to this standard will be allowed per ___ if the balcony will not cause visual or
privacy impacts due to its location, orientation, design or other consideration.
C. Solar access and privacy along side and rear yards. Buildings or portions thereof containing
multifamily dwelling units whose only solar access is from the applicable side of the building (facing
towards the side property line) must be set back from the applicable side or rear property lines at
least 15 feet. See Figures 38.520.030.B and C. Departures per __will be allowed where it’s
determined that the proposed design won’t create a compatibility problem in the near and long
term based on the unique site context.
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Figure 38.520.030.C
Solar access and privacy standards for multifamily residential buildings along side/rear yards.
Sec. 38.520.040. – Non-motorized circulation & design.
A. Intent.
1. To improve the pedestrian and bicycling environment by making it easier, safer, and more
comfortable to walk or ride among residences, to businesses, to the street sidewalk, to transit
stops, through parking lots, to adjacent properties, and connections throughout the city.
2. To enhance access to on- and off-site open space areas and pedestrian/bicycle paths.
B. Access to sidewalk. All buildings must feature pedestrian connections to a sidewalk per
applicable block frontage standards in __. See subsection D below for access design requirements.
Figure 38.520.040.B
Examples of direct pedestrian access to buildings from the street.
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C. Internal circulation.
1. For sites with multiple buildings, pedestrian paths or walkways connecting businesses and
residential entries on the same development site must be provided. Routes that minimize
walking distances must be utilized to the extent practical. Departures will be allowed where
steep slopes prevent a direct connection or where an indirect route would enhance the design
and/or use of a common usable open space. See subsection D below for walkway design
standards.
Figure 38.520.040.C.1
Internal and external pedestrian connections are important.
2. Sites with residential units. Provide direct pedestrian access between all ground related unit
entries and a public street or to a clearly marked pathway network or open space that has
direct access to a public street. Residential developments must provide a pedestrian circulation
network that connects all main entrances on the site to other areas of the site, such as:
a. Parking areas.
b. Recreational areas.
c. Common outdoor areas.
d. Any pedestrian amenities.
For townhouses or other residential units fronting the street, the sidewalk may be used to meet
this standard.
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The entries of the example on the left connect directly to a public sidewalk while the entries in the right example
connect to a common path that extends to the sidewalk.
Figure 38.520.040.C.2.a
Direct pathways between the street and dwelling units are required.
Figure 38.520.040.C.2.b
Examples of attractive pedestrian connection through a residential development.
3. Crosswalks are required when a walkway crosses an on-site paved area accessible to vehicles.
Crosswalks must contain contrasting material (such as concrete) and/or patterns (such as
stamped asphalt).
4. Pedestrian paths through parking lots. Developments must provide specially marked or paved
sidewalks through parking areas. At least one walkway must be provided every four rows of
parking or at a maximum spacing of 200 feet. The pathways must provide a safe connection to
the building entrance and meet the pathway design standards set forth in subsection D below.
See examples below.
Comment [b27]: Public works review
Comment [b28]: Intended to supercede the
basic current language in 38.25.020.L
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Note the location of the parking lot pathway in the upper right example (connecting shops in one building to the
main entry of a grocery store).
Note in the both examples that the concrete pathway extends into the vehicular area to provide a highly visible and safe crosswalk.
Figure 38.520.040.C.4
Parking area pathway standards and examples.
5. Connections to adjacent properties (including parks and trails). Provide pedestrian walkways
that connect to adjacent properties, except in one of the following circumstances:
a. When adjacent properties are residential developments of fewer than five dwelling units.
b. When the pathway could connect a residential development to Business zone.
c. Where it is determined that internal connections aren’t necessary due to shallow lot
depths, steep slopes, or other contextual challenges.
6. Barriers that limit future pedestrian access are prohibited. Gates that limit access to employees
are permitted. See subsection D below for walkway design standards.
7. Provide easements for pedestrian access to facilitate the future extension of paths when
adjoining properties are improved.
Comment [b29]: Close review. Intended to
integrate some common sense per director.
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D. Pathway design.
1. All internal pedestrian walkways must have at least a five-foot-wide unobstructed walking
surface, except where wider walkways are prescribed in this division or where the applicable
uses and context dictate wider walkways.
2. Where parking is adjacent to perpendicular or angled parking, an extra two feet of walkway
width must be provided to mitigate for parked vehicles overhanging the walk way.
3. Pedestrian walks must be separated from structures at least three feet for landscaping except
where the adjacent building façade meets the Storefront block frontage standards per section
38.510.030.B. Other landscaping and/or façade design treatments to provide attractive
pathways will be considered. Examples include sculptural, mosaic, bas-relief artwork, or other
decorative treatments that meet the intent. Figure 38.520.040.D.3 below provides one
example.
Internal walkways adjacent to building walls that do not meet storefront façade standards must provide at least three feet of
landscaping to enhance the character of the walkway. The reviewing authority will consider alternative treatments, such as
decorative walls (right example).
Figure 38.520.040.D.3
Standards for internal walkways adjacent to buildings
4. Pathway design where multi-tenant commercial or mixed-use buildings 100 feet or more in
length face parking lots. Such pathways must feature a 12-foot wide sidewalk with:
a. Eight feet minimum unobstructed width.
b. Trees, as approved by the reviewing authority, placed at an average of 30 feet on-center and
placed in grates or in planting strips as set forth in subsection c below. Breaks in the tree
coverage will be allowed near major building entries to enhance visibility. However, no less
than one tree per 60 lineal feet of building façade must be provided.
c. Planting strips may be used between any vehicle access or parking area and the pathway,
provided that the trees required above are included and the pathway meets the applicable
width standards herein and the combined pathway and planting strip is at least 12 feet wide.
Comment [b30]: Close review – planning and
public works. In some places – code requires only 3’
pathway.
Comment [b31]: Critical design element.
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Figure 38.520.040.D.4
Example of a successful pedestrian sidewalk between parking lot and storefront.
e. Light pathways in accordance with ___.
f. See also ___, Internal Roadway Design.
E. Bicycle facilities. Provide bicycle racks, lockers, or other means of safely and conveniently parking
bicycles at the rate specified in section 38.540.050.
Sec. 38.520.050. – Vehicular circulation & parking.
The standards herein supplement the provisions of divisions 38.400 and 540. Where there is a conflict,
the provisions herein apply.
A. Intent.
1. To create a safe, convenient, and efficient network for vehicle circulation and parking.
2. To enhance the visual character of interior access roads.
3. To minimize conflicts with pedestrian circulation and activity.
B. Driveway provisions. Driveways must meet the standards set forth in section 38.400.090.
Supplemental provisions:
Minimize parking lot entrances, driveways, and other vehicle access routes onto private property
from a public right-of-way through the following means:
1. Driveway lanes crossing a public sidewalk must be no wider than the minimum required per
entry or exit lane. The city may impose additional restrictions to parking lot and vehicle access
points to reduce impacts to public safety, pedestrian movement, on-street vehicle circulation,
and visual qualities.
2. Minimize the number of driveway entrances. Comply with the provisions of ___.
3. The reviewing authority may require joint driveways serving adjacent developments when joint
access is physically and legally available.
4. Minimize conflicts between entries and vehicle parking and maneuvering areas.
Comment [b32]: For now – a simple cross
reference. There are also special bike parking
provisions in the mixed‐use zones that we might
want to X ref…..?
Comment [b33]: Close review of material below
and how it might work with the existing driveway
standards in 38.400.090. Also – I’m wondering if
the updated DOP will address driveways – as we’ll
want to decide the best approach to dealing with
driveways between the 3 documents/sections
Comment [b34]: There’s an argument that
provisions like this are more appropriate in the
DOP….?
Comment [b35]: X ref to any specific PW
standards?
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5. At street corner sites, driveways must be located on the lowest classified roadway and as close
as practical to the property line most distant from the intersection, unless the reviewing
authority finds there is a compelling reason to the contrary.
C. Inter-site connectivity. The provision of through vehicle access connections between
commercially or non-residentially zoned properties is required except where the reviewing
authority determines it is infeasible or undesirable (e.g., where it is determined that such a vehicle
connection would impact safe pedestrian movement). Vehicle access may be in the form of a
dedicated or private alley, connected or shared parking lots, shared driveways, or similar features.
D. Internal roadway design.
1. To increase the function and appearance of internal roadways on large sites (greater than two
acres), street trees and sidewalks must be provided on all internal access roadways, excepting
access roads designed solely for the purpose of service (e.g.: waste pick-up) and loading.
2. In some instances where traffic speed and volume are low, the reviewing authority may approve
a street where vehicle, bicycle and pedestrian movement are mixed such as in a “woonerf” or
“shared street”. Woonerf streets must feature traffic calming and safety measures as well as
landscape and amenity features as determined by the reviewing authority.
The examples above include angled parking and planter strips with street trees. Pedestrian‐scaled lighting also
contributes to the character in the upper right image.
The above left image illustrates a thoroughfare lane with a row of street trees. A sidewalk is included on one side of
the street to provide a strategic connection between businesses. The right image illustrates the curbless “woonerf”
design where travel speeds are low and lanes are shared between pedestrians and vehicles.
Comment [b36]: I assume this would be covered
in the provisions of 38.400.090 but I couldn’t find it.
Close review.
Comment [b37]: Close review. The existing
section on “blocks” in 38.410.040 relates to issue –
perhaps a X reference?
Comment [b38]: Add a X ref to community
design section.
Comment [b39]: I’m wondering if the new DOP
might also touch on this issue? Including it here
should provide more “teeth” to the provision.
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Figure 38.520.050.D
Good internal roadway examples.
3. Drive-through facilities. Where allowed, drive through facilities (e.g., drive-up windows) must
comply with the following.
a. Drive-through lanes, including waiting and holding lanes, must be separated from public view
and internal sidewalks by a planting strip (at least five feet wide with continuous plantings of
evergreen shrubs and/or trees that will provide continuous evergreen screen at least four
feet tall at maturity) and/or a masonry wall at least three feet high. Alternative landscaping
schemes may be approved provided they include the masonry wall and a substantial
vegetative screen. The landscaping must comply with division 38.560.
b. Drive-through lanes must not restrict pedestrian access between a public sidewalk and on-
site buildings. Walkways must not be located within required stacking space as set forth in
section 38.540.020.N.
c. Also see sections 38.360.100 and 38.540.020.N for related standards.
Sec. 38.520.060. – Internal open space.
A. Intent.
1. To create useable space that is suitable for leisure or recreational activities for residents.
2. To create open space that contributes to the residential setting.
3. To provide plazas that attract shoppers to commercial areas.
4. To provide plazas and other pedestrian oriented spaces in commercial areas that enhance the
employees’ and public’s opportunity for active and passive activities, such as dining, resting,
people watching, and recreational activities.
5. To enhance the development character and attractiveness of commercial development.
B. Usable residential open space.
1. All multifamily development, including multifamily portions of mixed-use development, must
provide minimum usable open space equal to 100 square feet per dwelling unit for studio and
one bedroom dwellings and 150 square feet per dwelling unit for dwellings with two or more
bedrooms. The required open space may be provided in a combination of ways:
a. Common open space. 100 percent of the required open space may be in the form of
common open space available to all residents and meeting the requirements of subsection B.2
below. Common open space may be in the form of courtyards, front porches, patios, play
areas gardens or similar spaces.
b. Ground level private yard space. 100 percent of the required open space may be provided by
ground level yard space that is adjacent and directly accessible to the subject unit. Spaces
must be enclosed by a fence and/or hedge at least 32 inches in height to qualify.*
c. Balconies. Up to 50 percent of the required open space may be provided by private balconies
provided they meet the requirements of subsection B.3 below.*
d. Common indoor recreation areas. For mixed-use buildings up to 50 percent of the required
open space may be provided by common indoor recreation areas meeting the requirements
of subsection B.4 below.
Comment [b40]: The first reference applies to
architectural/noise standards associated with drive
thru restaurant uses – the second reference relates
to stacking space standards.
Comment [b41]: As noted previously – suggest
moving the internal multifamily open space
provisions out of 38.420.020 (38.27.020) park area
and open space requirements to here – together
with the other site and building design standards for
such uses.
Comment [b42]: Utilizes existing standards in
38.420.020.E (38.27.020.E)
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e. Shared roof decks. For mixed-use buildings, up to 50 percent of the required open space may
be provided by shared roof decks located on the top of buildings which are available to all
residents and meet the requirements of subsection B.5 below.
* Individual private open space as defined in subsections B.1.b and c that are in excess of
minimum requirements must not be used in the calculations for determining the minimum
usable open space requirements for other units in the development.
2. Common open space. Common open space can include landscaped courtyards or decks,
entrance plazas, gardens with pathways; children’s play areas, pools, and water features provided
they are accessible to all residents of the development. Accessible areas used for storm water
retention or other multipurpose recreational and/or green spaces that meet the design criteria
herein may qualify as common open space.
Special requirements for common usable open spaces include the following:
a. Common open space must be located in centralized areas that are visible from units within
the development.
b. Required setback areas must not count as common open space unless the design of the space
meets the standards herein.
c. Common open space must feature no dimension less than 15 feet in order to provide
functional leisure or recreational activity (unless otherwise noted herein).
d. Common open space must feature paths or walkable lawns, landscaping, seating, lighting, and
play structures, sports courts, or other pedestrian amenities to make the area more
functional and enjoyable for a range of users.
e. Common open space must be separated from ground level windows, streets, service areas
and parking lots with landscaping, fencing, and/or other acceptable treatments that enhance
safety and privacy for both the common open space and dwelling units.
f. When possible the space should be oriented to receive sunlight, face east, west or preferably
south, when possible.
g. Stairways and service elements located within or on the edge of common open space must
not be included in the open space calculations.
h. Shared porches may qualify as common open space provided they are at least 8 feet in depth
and width.
i. The space must be accessible to all residents of the development.
Comment [b43]: Might need to adjust name –
as term is now used to refer to designated land
within a subdivision.
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The upper examples include a combination of open lawn area for informal recreation plus walkways and decorative
landscape areas to enhance the setting for residents.
The left image above includes a covered gathering space with outdoor grills adjacent to a landscaped commons with
a central pathway. The right image includes a pond/wetland type area with boardwalk and seating areas.
Figure 38.520.060.B.2
Common open space examples.
3. Private balconies and decks. Such spaces must be at least 35 square feet, with no dimension less
than 4 feet, to provide a space usable for human activity.
4. Indoor recreational areas. Such spaces must meet the following conditions:
a. The space must meet ADA standards and must be located in a visible area, such as near an
entrance, lobby, or high traffic corridors.
b. Space must be designed specifically to serve interior recreational functions and not merely be
leftover unrentable space used to meet the open space requirement. Such space must include
amenities and design elements that will encourage use by residents.
5. Shared rooftop decks. Such spaces must meet the following requirements:
a. Space must be ADA accessible to all dwelling units.
b. Space must feature hard surfacing provide amenities such as seating areas, landscaping, and/or
other features that encourage use.
c. Space must integrate landscaping elements that enhance the character of the space and
encourage its use.
d. Space must incorporate features that provide for the safety of residents, such as enclosures,
railings, and appropriate lighting levels.
Comment [b44]: Staff – double checking if we
need to say this – or if we need to add a cross
reference or update terminology?
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Figure 38.520.060.B.5
Rooftop deck examples.
C. Usable commercial open space. New developments with non-residential uses (except for
development within the industrial zones) on sites with a total site area greater than one acre must
provide open space equal to at least two percent of the development envelope. The open space
may be in the form of pedestrian-oriented open space per subsection D below, garden, play area or
other open space feature that serves both as a visual amenity and a place for human activity.
Portions of sidewalks that are wider than 12 feet and which meet the standards of pedestrian-
oriented open space may be counted toward this requirement. For this specific standard, “Site
area” includes all land needed for the non-residential portion of the project including parking,
service areas, access and required landscaping. Non-residential open space features must be
approved by the reviewing authority.
Reduced open space area will be considered by the reviewing authority for projects that feature
exceptional design features and elements that meet the intent of the standards. This includes open
spaces that feature a combination of design (site materials, amenities, and configuration) and
location/context that clearly exceed typical plaza designs found in the region. All departures must
feature usable open space no less than one percent of the development envelope.
The “development envelope” on both sites is 102,400sf (2.35 acres). The minimum amount of usable commercial
open space (2% of development envelope) is 2,048sf. The left example consolidates the open space into one plaza
near the major building entry. The right example includes three separate open spaces at strategic, visible locations.
Figure 38.520.060.C
Comment [b45]: Close review. Prescriptive
number needed as a minimum as a key negotiating
tool.
Comment [b46]: This term is currently defined
and would seem to fit the need here.
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Example site development integrating usable commercial open space.
D. Pedestrian-oriented open space design criteria. This subsection describes the requirements
and desired characteristics of pedestrian oriented open space (which may be used to meet the
requirements of subsection C above).
1. Required pedestrian-oriented open space features.
a. Visual and pedestrian access into the site from a street, private access road, or non-
vehicular courtyard.
b. Paved walking surfaces of either concrete or approved unit paving.
c. Lighting must conform to ___.
d. The spaces must be located in or adjacent to areas with significant pedestrian traffic to
provide interest and security, such as adjacent to or visible from a building entry.
e. At least two feet of seating area (a bench or ledge at least 16 inches deep and appropriate
seating height) or one individual seat per 60 square feet of plaza area or open space.
f. Landscaping components that add visual interest and do not act as a visual barrier. This
could include planting beds, potted plants, or both.
2. Desirable pedestrian-oriented open space features.
a. Pedestrian amenities, such as site furniture, artwork, drinking fountains, kiosks, or other
similar features.
b. Adjacent buildings with transparent window and doors covering at least 50 percent of the
façade between 30 inches and 10 feet above the ground level.
c. Pedestrian weather protection, alcoves, seating, or other features along building edges to
allow for outdoor gathering.
3. Features prohibited within a pedestrian-oriented open space.
a. Asphalt pavement.
b. Adjacent service areas (e.g., trash areas) that are not separated with landscaping, as required
in ___.
c. Adjacent chain-link fences.
d. Adjacent "blank walls" without "blank wall treatment" (see 38.530.070.C).
e. Outdoor storage.
Comment [b47]: The updated DOP, I assume,
may have some good design criteria/characteristics,
as well.
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Figure 38.520.060.D.1
Example of a small pedestrian‐oriented open space
The left example above is a colorful plaza with outdoor seating, landscaping elements and direct access to adjacent
retail uses. The upper right image is a commons area with adjacent covered areas.
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A covered outdoor gathering space (left) may be used to meet pedestrian‐oriented open space requirements. In the
right image, the widened sidewalk area may be counted as pedestrian‐oriented open space.
Figure 38.520.060.D.2
Desirable examples of pedestrian‐oriented open space
Sec. 38.520.070. – Location and design of service areas and mechanical equipment.
Also see section 38.320.130 for trash and garbage enclosure requirements.
A. Intent.
1. To minimize adverse visual, odor, and noise impacts of mechanical equipment, utility cabinets
and service areas at ground and roof levels.
2. To provide adequate, durable, well-maintained, and accessible service and equipment areas.
3. To protect residential uses and adjacent properties from impacts due to location and utilization
of service areas.
B. Location of ground related service areas and mechanical equipment.
1. Service areas (loading docks, trash dumpsters, compactors, recycling areas, electrical panels, and
mechanical equipment areas) must be located for convenient service access while avoiding
negative visual, auditory, olfactory, or physical impacts on the streetscape environment and
adjacent residentially zoned properties. Service areas must be sited for alley access if available.
The reviewing authority may require evidence that such elements will not significantly impact
neighboring properties or public areas. (For example, the reviewing authority may require noise
damping specifications for fans near residential zones.)
2. Exterior loading areas. Exterior loading areas for commercial uses must not be located within
20 feet of a single family residentially zoned property unless the reviewing authority finds
such a restriction does not allow feasible development and alternative design measures can
successfully mitigate potential negative impacts. For example, areas and drives may be required
by the reviewing authority to be separated from the residential lot by a masonry wall at least
eight feet high.
3. Service areas must not be visible from the sidewalk and adjacent properties. Where the
reviewing authority finds that the only option for locating a service area is an area visible from a
public right-of-way, resident/customer parking area, internal pathway or pedestrian area, or
Comment [b48]: Coordinate examples with
updated DOP. Swap at least one of these images
with good Bozeman examples (most of my examples
come with snow or dreary skies! From my visits!)
Comment [b49]: Suggest amending current
section 38.23.170 (38.230.130 in the reorg) to
largely refer to this section for design standards
(and using the updated lagnauge here).
Comment [b50]: While its hard to include black
and white numbers – its still important here to
frame these are required standards – to give city
more negotiating tools to work with. The text
descriptions and photo/graphic examples attempt
to help. Any supporting /complementary info in the
DG’s could help as well.
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from an adjacent property, the area must be screened with structural and landscaping screening
measures provided in subsection C below and division __, below.
4. Design for safety. Other provisions of this section notwithstanding, service areas used by
residents must be located to avoid entrapment areas and other conditions where personal
security is potentially a problem. The reviewing authority may require pedestrian-scaled lighting
or other measures to enhance security.
5. Locate and/or shield noise producing mechanical equipment such as fans, heat pumps, etc to not
exceed 45 dBA at property lines adjacent to residentially zoned properties.
Locate service elements to reduce impacts on the residential and pedestrian environment, and provide
appropriate enclosure
Figure 38.520.070.B
Service element location
C. Screening of ground related service areas and mechanical equipment.
1. Where screening of ground level service areas is called for (see subsection B above), adhere to
the following:
a. A structural enclosure must be constructed of masonry, heavy-gauge metal, or decay-
resistant material that is also used with the architecture of the main building. The reviewing
authority may allow materials other than those used for the main building if the finishes are
similar in color and texture or if the proposed enclosure materials are more durable than
those for the main structure. The walls must be sufficient to provide full screening from the
affected roadway, pedestrian areas or adjacent use. The enclosure may use overlapping walls
to screen dumpsters and other materials (see Figure 38.520.070.C below).
b. Gates must be made of heavy-gauge, site-obscuring material. Chain link or chain link with
slats is not an acceptable material for enclosures or gates.
c. Where the inside of service enclosures are visible from surrounding streets, pathways, and
buildings, an opaque or semi-opaque horizontal cover or screen must be used to mitigate
unsightly views. The horizontal screen/cover should be integrated into the enclosure design
and compatible with adjacent development.
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d. Collection points must be located and configured so that the enclosure gate swing does not
obstruct pedestrian or vehicle traffic, or does not require that a hauling truck project into
any public right-of-way. Ensure that screening elements allow for efficient service delivery
and removal operations and do not obstruct pedestrian movement
e. The service area must be paved.
2. The sides and rear of service enclosures must be screened with Type ___ landscaping at least
five feet wide in locations visible from the street, parking lots, and pathways to soften views of
the screening element and add visual interest.
Departures to the provisions of subsections C.1 and 2 above will be considered provided the
enclosure and landscaping treatment meet the intent of the standards and add visual interest to
site users.
Figure 38.520.070.C
Acceptable screening enclosures
All three examples use durable and attractive
enclosures with trees and shrubs to soften
views of the enclosures from the side. The
lower left example uses a trellis structure on
top – a desirable example particularly where
the top of the enclosures are visible from
surrounding buildings, streets, and walkways
(due to topography or building heights).
Comment [b51]: Update X ref when done
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D. Utility meters, electrical conduit, and other service utility apparatus.
1. These elements must be located and/or designed to minimize their visibility to the public.
Project designers are strongly encouraged to coordinate with applicable service providers early
in the design process to determine the best approach in meeting these standards. If such
elements are mounted in a location visible from the street, pedestrian pathway, common open
space, or shared auto courtyards, they must be screened with vegetation and/or integrated into
the building’s architecture.
Place utility meters in less visible locations. The upper and lower left examples are successfully tucked away in a less
visible location and/or screened by vegetation. The right images are poorly executed and would not be permitted in
such visible locations. Such meters must be coordinated and better integrated with the architecture of the building.
Figure 38.520.070.D
Utility meter location and screening – good and bad examples
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E. Location and screening of roof mounted mechanical equipment.
1. All rooftop mechanical equipment, including air conditioners, heaters, vents, and similar
equipment must be fully screened from public view both at grade and from higher buildings with
the exception of solar panels and roof-mounted wind turbines. Screening must be located so as
not to interfere with operation of the equipment.
2. For rooftop equipment, all screening devices must be well integrated into the architectural
design through such elements as parapet walls, false roofs, roof wells, clerestories, or equipment
rooms. Screening walls or unit-mounted screening is allowed but less desirable. Wood must not
be used for screens or enclosures. Louvered designs are acceptable if consistent with building
design style.
3. The screening materials must be of material requiring minimal maintenance, and must be as high
as the equipment being screened.
4. Locate and/or shield noise producing mechanical equipment such as fans, heat pumps, etc to not
exceed 45 dBA at property lines adjacent to residentially zoned properties.
The illustration top and the East Main Street building aerial and street view illustrate examples of rootop mechanical
equipment that have been screened by walls (top illustration) or parapets (East Main Street building).
Figure 38.520.070.E
Examples of how to screen roof‐mounted mechanical equipment.
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38.530 Building Design (New)
Sec. 38.530.010. – Purpose.
See the individual “intent” statements for each section in this division.
Sec. 38.530.020. – Applicability and compliance.
The provisions of this division apply to all development within Bozeman, except single and two-
household dwellings unless otherwise noted. Specifically:
A. For clarification on the relationship between the provisions in this division and other documents and
codes, see section 38.500.020.A.
B. For the application of building additions and remodels and site improvements, see section
38.500.020.B.
C. For clarification on how the provisions of this division are applied, see section 38.500.030.
D. The reviewing authority may waive or relax these provisions in the industrial zones depending on
the type of use, number of anticipated employees and customers, and the site’s physical context.
The greater number of employees and/or customers and the higher visibility levels warrant a greater
application of building design standards.
C. For sites within the city's established neighborhood conservation overlay district: Where there is a
conflict between the standards in this section and the neighborhood conservation overlay district
standards in division 38.340, the most restrictive provisions apply as determined by ___.
Sec. 38.530.030. – Building character.
A. Intent.
1. To promote buildings with an architectural character that reflects the region’s aesthetic and is
based on human scaled design details, durable high quality materials, sustainable design
measures, and respond uniquely to the site’s context.
2. To emphasize that high quality design is most critical to Bozeman’s high visibility sites and
corridors.
3. To avoid generic, corporate architectural design that degrades the character and identity of
Bozeman.
B. Building character standards and guidelines.
1. Developments within the Neighborhood Conservation Overlay District are subject to
compliance with the guidelines for historic preservation & neighborhood conservation overlay
district.
2. The Bozeman design guidelines provides building design aspirations and guidance. It may be
used as a tool to help determine whether departures to the building design standards in this
division meet the intent of the standards.
3. The building design standards in the sections below must be used to help form the character of
new and remodeled buildings.
C. Architecture that is defined predominately by corporate identity features and is difficult
to adapt to other uses is prohibited. For example, some fast food franchises have very specific
architectural features (such as a distinctive roofline design that functions as a sign) that reinforce
Comment [b52]: Division to be completed –
below is an outline of elements. Coordination with
updated DOP will be particularly important here –
for now I’ve listed some key elements I expect to be
detailing. I assume the DOP will have supplemental
guidance on some or many of these issues
Comment [b53]: Updated. Triplexes and above
should have to apply. (I would also include
townhouses –thus I didn’t specifically exempt them.
Comment [b54]: Staff – close review here of
wording and approach. I added the “as determined
by” to integrate some much needed flexibility. The
way I see it – the code provides the prescriptive
standards – but the NCOD guidelines get into more
detail in some cases – and may provide guidance
useful to any departures that might come into play.
This clarification is more important for the building
design section, but it still needs to be noted here.
Comment [b55]: Staff and CDG – I think this is
all that’s needed here in this section. Review
provisions/comments and see what you think.
CDG’s guidelines could support character discussion
with example images – good and bad, perhaps…?
Comment [b56]: Loosely derived from CDG’s
building design guideline content.
Comment [b57]: Now that we’ve updated other
intro sections on the relationship with the other
NCOD provisions, it could be argued that this isn’t
needed – but in this special case regarding building
character – this is a useful exception.
Comment [b58]: Close review. This is a
variation on a standard I’ve used many times before
– and I’ve closely reviewed current section
38.22.100 which includes architectural guidelines on
convenience uses/drive thru restaurants. I think
some elements of that section could stay since they
apply to more than just chain stores/restaurants.
But subsection 2 of that section should probably be
deleted to let this govern. The other approach
would be to take this out, keep 38.22.100 and
address it more in CDG’s guidelines. Regardless –
CDG’s guidelines could include some good/bad
examples supportive and complementary to the
provisions here. Curious to staff and CDG’s
thoughts here.
Comment [b59]: One potential exception could
be ‐ auto dealers – provided they meet all other
applicable standards?
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their identity. As tenants change in these types of buildings, these corporate identity features can
negatively impact the character of the area and identity of new tenants. These features can also be
very expensive to reconfigure and adapt to new uses.
Sec. 38.530.040. – Building massing & articulation.
A. Intent.
1. To employ façade articulation techniques that reduce the perceived scale of large buildings and
add visual interest from all observable scales.
2. To create clear and welcoming building entries.
B. Façade articulation - Storefronts and other buildings with non-residential uses on the
ground floor must include articulation features every 40 feet (maximum) to create a pattern of
small storefronts. At least three of the following features must be employed at intervals no greater
than 40 feet.
1. Window fenestration patterns and/or entries.
2. Use of weather protection features.
3. Use of vertical piers/columns.
4. Change in roofline per subsection F below.
5. Change in building material or siding style.
6. Other design techniques that effectively reinforce a pattern of small storefronts compatible with
the building’s surrounding context.
Other features that could be used to meet the standards on block frontages that are not designated
as storefront:
7. Vertical elements such as a trellis with plants, green wall, art element.
8. Providing vertical building modulation of at least 12 inches in depth if tied to a change in roofline
per subsection F below or a change in building material, siding style, or color.
Departures will be considered through ______ provided they meet the intent of the standards
and the design criteria set forth in subsection D below.
Comment [b60]: I’ve used dimensions anywhere
from 25‐50’ depending on local patterns, typical lot
widths, and the variety of building types/scale
anticipated. 40 is a good midrange that allows a
little bit of flexibility. Remember ‐ they still need to
meet all the other details and materials standards.
A 30’ interval downtown may be more in keeping
with the rhythm there – but maybe we just let the
NCOD guidelines and procedures help to guide
those decisions?
CDG’s doc reference of 100’ appears to relate more
to the max façade width provisions (which I’ve used
dimensions between 100‐160’ depending on the
context/community. See below.
Comment [b61]: For example – I think these
features may not be appropriate in the Main Street
historic core, but would be fine in other cases. I
used the “storefront” designation as the threshold –
as I’d suggest avoiding vertical façade modulation
along the sidewalk – except in the case where there
is a plaza or very significant building entry (that
might be setback 10 or so feet from ROW line.)
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The left image uses window fenestration, weather protection elements, and roofline modulation. The photo
example to the right also includes window fenestration and weather protection along with brick vertical piers to
articulate the façade. The lower example illustrates how a multitenant retail building can successfully be articulated
(windows, weather protection, vertical building modulation, and roofline changes)
Figure 38.530.040.B
Façade articulation examples.
C. Façade articulation - Residential buildings must include articulation features at intervals that
relate to the location/size of individual units within the building (or no more than every 30 feet) to
break up the massing of the building and add visual interest and compatibility to the surrounding
context. At least three of the following features must be employed at intervals no greater than the
unit interval or 30 feet (whichever is less).
1. Use of windows and/or entries.
2. Change in roofline per subsection F below.
3. Change in building material, siding style, and/or window fenestration pattern.
4. Providing vertical building modulation of at least 12 inches in depth if tied to a change in roofline
modulation per subsection F below or a change in building material, siding style, or color.
Balconies may be used to qualify for this option if they are recessed or projected from the
façade by at least 18 inches. Juliet balconies or other balconies that appear to be tacked on to
Comment [b62]: The images above were used
for another project – but I think they work well for
Bozeman too – particularly since they show a Main
st type of example and a more suburban example
that both would appear to fit into town. I scrolled
through my Bozeman pics and couldn’t find a great
image to use – but if we had a good pic of this
façade – it might be an option (windows, columns
and roofline treatment – this image from google
streetview – kind of blurry.
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the façade will not qualify for this option unless they employ high quality materials and effectively
meet the intent of the standards.
5. Vertical elements such as a trellis with plants, green wall, art element.
6. Other design techniques that effectively break up the massing at no more than 30-foot intervals.
Departures will be considered through ______ provided they meet the intent of the standards
and the design criteria set forth in subsection D below.
Below examples use a combination of vertical building modulation, window fenestration, material changes, and
roofline modulation.
Figure 38.530.040.C
Residential façade articulation examples
D. Departure criteria associated with articulation standards. Proposals must meet the intent
of the standards. The following criteria will be considered in determining whether the proposed
articulation treatment meets the “intent”.
1. Consider the type and width of the proposed articulation treatment and how effective it is in
meeting the intent given the building’s current and desired context (per Bozeman’s growth
policy or applicable adopted subarea plan).
2. Consider the applicable block frontage designation. Undesignated block frontages warrant more
flexibility than block frontages designated as mixed or lkandscaped.
3. Consider the size and width of the building. Smaller buildings warrant greater flexibility than
larger buildings.
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4. Consider the quality of façade materials in concert with doors, windows, and other façade
features and their ability to add visual interest to the street from a pedestrian scale and more
distant observable scales.
This building would be a good departure example. Its two clear articulation features are the fenestration pattern
and the entry/building modulation feature (3 minimum are required). However, the overall effectiveness of these
articulation features combined with the high quality of materials and detailing and the relatively small width of the
building help it meet the intent of the standards.
Figure 38.530.040.D
Façade articulation departure examples
E. Maximum façade width. For most buildings, small scale articulation techniques (see subsections
B and C above) are sufficient to reduce the perceived scale of buildings, add visual interest, and
contribute to the pedestrian environment. Larger buildings need more substantial
articulated/modulated features to break up the massing and add visual interest.
Building facades wider than 100 feet must include at least one of the following features to break up
the massing of the building and add visual interest:
1. Provide vertical building modulation at least 20 feet deep and 30 feet wide. For multi-story
buildings, the modulation must extend through more than one-half of the building floors.
2. Use of a contrasting vertical modulated design component featuring all of the following:
a. Component extends through all floors above the first floor fronting on the street.
Exception: upper floors that are set back more than ten feet horizontally from the façade are
exempt.
b. Utilizes a change in building materials that effectively contrast from the rest of the façade.
c. Component is modulated vertically from the rest of the façade by an average of six inches.
d. Component is designed to provide roofline modulation per subsection F below.
3. Façade employs building walls with contrasting articulation that make it appear like two distinct
buildings. To qualify for this option, these contrasting façades must employ all of the following:
a. Different building materials and/or configuration of building materials.
Comment [b63]: Tom – double checking – this is
a MF building and not an office building, right?
Comment [b64]: Very important standard –
attempt here to create a prescriptive standard that
integrates flexibility in how it can be complied with.
The hard 100’ dimension and distinct options
provide some predictability and will serve as good
negotiation tools. Departure option provides
alternatives – and the graphics/photo examples
(perhaps including text and graphic examples in
CDG’s doc) provide good guidance.
Comment [b65]: Maybe we need to define this
–but façade implies the front of building – facing
street – or otherwise containing entry (if it faces an
internal drive).
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b. Contrasting window design (sizes or configurations).
Departures designs will be considered per ____ provided the design meets the intent of the
standards. Supplemental consideration for approving alternative designs:
Width of the façade. The larger the façade, the more substantial articulation/ modulation
features need to be.
Block frontage designation. Storefront designated block frontages warrant the most scrutiny
while undesignated streets warrant more flexibility.
The type of articulation treatment and how effective it is in meeting the intent given the
building’s context.
Less than 100 or 120’ wide: Meets standard More than 100 or 120’ wide: Does not meet standard
Building incorporates a
20’x30’ courtyard along the
façade to effectively break
it up into smaller
components:
Meets standard.
Both buildings use modulated entry feature to help break up the perceived massing and add visual interest.
Figure 38.530.040.E
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Illustrating maximum façade width standards and good and bad examples.
The left building on East Main (about 110’ wide) uses an articulated partial third floor along with smaller articulation
treatments on the main floors to effectively break up the perceived scale and add visual interest (this would be a
good departure example). The building to the right would not be an acceptable example. While the articulated
features on the lower floors help, the monotony of the very long upper floor and roofline would not be acceptable.
Figure 38.530.040.E
Illustrating maximum façade width standards and good and bad examples.
F. Roofline modulation. In order to qualify as a facade articulation feature in subsections B, C, and E
above, rooflines must employ one or more of the following:
1. For flat roofs or façades with horizontal eave, fascia, or parapet, the minimum vertical dimension
of roofline modulation is the greater of two feet or 0.1 multiplied by the wall height (finish grade
to top of the wall) when combined with vertical building modulation techniques described in
subsections above. Otherwise, the minimum vertical dimension of roofline modulation is the
greater of four feet or 0.2 multiplied by the wall height.
2. A pitched roofline or gabled roofline segment of at least 20 feet in width. Buildings with pitched
roofs must include a minimum slope of 5:12 and feature modulated roofline components at the
interval required per the applicable standard above.
3. A combination of the above.
Departures designs will be considered per __ provided the roofline modulation design
effectively reduces the perceived scale of the building and adds visual interest.
Roofline modulation examples for flat roofs.
Figure 38.530.040.1
Acceptable examples of roofline modulation.
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The left building illustrates a pitched roof example and the right building includes a combination of flat and gabled
rooflines.
Figure 38.530.040.1
Acceptable examples of roofline modulation.
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Sec. 38.530.050. – Building details.
A. Intent:
1. To encourage the incorporation of design details and small-scale elements into building facades
that are attractive at a pedestrian scale.
2. To integrate window design that adds depth, richness, and visual interest to the façade.
B. Façade details – non-residential and mixed-use buildings. All commercial and mixed-use
buildings must be enhanced with appropriate details. All new buildings and additions and buildings
associated with Level II and III Improvements (see section 38.500.020.B) must employ at least one
detail element from each of the three categories below for each façade facing a street or public
space for each façade articulation interval (see section 38.530.040). For example, a building with 120
feet of street frontage with a façade articulated at 40-foot intervals will need to meet the standards
for each of the three façade segments below.
1. Window and/or entry treatment, such as:
a. Display windows divided into a grid of multiple panes.
b. Transom windows.
c. Roll-up windows/doors.
d. Other distinctive window treatment that meets the purpose of the standards.
e. Recessed entry.
f. Decorative door.
g. Other decorative or specially designed entry treatment that meets the intent of the
standards.
Examples of decorative or specially designed windows and entries. A = openable storefront window. B = transom
A B
D E
E
C
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windows. C = openable window with decorative details. D = decorative window shades. E = Decorative door.
F = recessed entry.
Figure 38.530.050.B.1
Examples of decorative or specially designed windows and entries
2. Building elements and façade details, such as:
a. Custom-designed weather protection element such as a steel canopy, cloth awning, or
retractable awning.
b. Decorative, custom hanging sign(s).
c. Decorative building-mounted light fixtures.
d. Bay windows, trellises, towers, and similar elements.
e. Other details or elements that meet the purpose of these standards.
Examples of elements attached to facades that enhance the visual intrigue of the building. A = retractable
awning. B = custom hanging bike rack and repair station integrated as a storefront design element. C = decorative
façade/sign lighting D and E = custom decorative canopy. F decorative tower.
Figure 38.530.050.B.2
Examples of attached elements that enhance the visual intrigue of the building.
3. Building materials and other facade elements, such as:
a. Use of decorative building materials/use of building materials. Examples include decorative
use of brick, tile, or stonework.
b. Artwork on building (such as a mural) or bas-relief sculpture.
c. Decorative kick-plate, pilaster, base panel, or other similar feature.
A B C
D FE
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d. Hand-crafted material, such as special wrought iron or carved wood.
e. Other details that meet the purpose of the standards.
“Custom,” “decorative,” or “hand-crafted” elements referenced above must be distinctive or “one-
of-a-kind” elements or unusual designs that require a high level of craftsmanship.
Examples of decorative surface materials. A = decorative brick/design. B = decorative tile‐work and column pattern.
C = decorative medallion.
Figure 38.530.050.B.3
Examples of decorative surface materials
D = decorative mosaic tile work. E = decorative bulkhead. F = Decorative materials and design.
Figure 38.530.050.B.3
Examples of decorative surface materials
Departures will be considered per ____ provided the façade (at the overall scale and at the
individual articulation scale) meets the intent of the standards above.
C. Window design standards.
1 All windows (except storefront display windows) must be recessed at least two inches from the
façade or incorporate other design treatments that add depth, richness, and visual interest to
the façade.
2. Prohibited windows:
a. Mirrored glass is prohibited.
A
B
C
D
E
FE
F
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b. Continuous ribbon windows are prohibited.
Departures to the window standards above will be considered per ____ provided the design
meets the intent of the standards.
Recessed and/or trimmed windows.
Figure 38.530.050.C
Acceptable and unacceptable window design examples
The window in the left image lacks r any other detail that adds visual interest.
Figure 38.530.050.C
Acceptable and unacceptable window design examples
D. High visibility street corner and gateway sites. All development proposals located at
designated high visibility street corners and gateway sites per Community Design Framework Maps
in division 38.510 must locate a building or structure within 20 feet of the street corner and include
special design features that accentuate the street corner. Alternatively, the building could be
configured with a corner plaza. Corner design features could include a cropped building corner
with a special entry feature, decorative use of building materials at the corner, distinctive façade
articulation, sculptural architectural element, or other decorative elements that meet the intent of
the standards. Figure 38.530.050.D below illustrates acceptable examples.
21
3
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Building 1 includes a corner tower. Building 2 feature cropped building corners with decorative elements. Building 3
uses a decorative canopy. Building 4 uses a change in building materials and façade articulation at the corner.
Building 5 incorporates a plaza at the corner.
Figure 38.530.050.D
Acceptable high visibility street corner /gateway site examples.
Image 6 shows a decorative landscaped area with a trellis and neighborhood gateway sign.
Figure 38.530.050.D
Acceptable high visibility street corner /gateway site examples.
4 5
6
6
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E. Cornice/roofline design. Buildings employing a flat roof must employ a distinctive roofline that
effectively provides an identifiable “top” to the building. This could include a traditional cornice line
or a contemporary interpretation of a traditional cornice land. Such rooflines must be proportional
to the size and scale of the building. Understated cornice lines may acceptable depending on the
materials and design of the base and middle elements in reinforcing the base/middle/top
configuration. Figure 38.530.050.E below illustrate acceptable and unacceptable examples.
Building 1 uses a dramatic overhanging cornice at the corner. The left portion of Building 1 uses a very simple cornice
line – to go with the upper level setback. Building 2 uses a traditional cornice line.
Figure 38.530.050.E
Examples of buildings employing confident and distinctive rooflines.
Building 3 uses capped projecting columns along with an understated cornice line. Building 4 uses a very simple
roofline – which is acceptable in this case due to the prominence of the wooden canopy.
Figure 38.530.050.E
Examples of buildings employing confident and distinctive rooflines.
Rooftop solar units are permitted, provided the placement and design of units visible from the
surrounding streetscape are carefully integrated into the overall design concept of the building.
1 2
3
4
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F. Articulated building entries. The primary building entrance for an office building, hotel,
apartment building, public or community-based facility or other multi-story commercial building
must be designed as a clearly defined and demarcated standout architectural feature of the building.
Such entrances must be easily distinguishable from regular storefront entrances on the building.
Such entries must be scaled proportional to the building. See Figure 38.530.050.F below for good
examples.
Figure 38.530.050.F
Acceptable building entry examples.
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Sec. 38.530.060. – Building materials.
A. Intent.
1. To encourage the use of durable, high quality, and urban building materials that minimize
maintenance cost and provide visual interest from all observable vantage points.
2. To promote the use of a distinctive mix of materials that helps to articulate facades and lends a
sense of depth and richness to the buildings.
3. To place the highest priority on the first floor in the quality and detailing of materials.
B. Quality traditional building materials. Applicants must use high quality durable materials. This
is most important for the base of buildings, particularly for commercial and mixed-use buildings
where the façade is sited close to sidewalks. At a minimum, stone, brick or tile masonry, or
architectural concrete (first two feet only) must be used (excluding window and door areas) for the
first floor of cladding on non-residential or mixed-use buildings and the first two feet of residential
buildings.
C. Special conditions and limitations for the use of certain cladding materials.
1. Concrete block (a.k.a. CMU) may be used as a secondary cladding material if it is incorporated
with other permitted materials. Alternative designs that use concrete block as the primary, but
not the sole, cladding material will be considered via departure (UDC ____) provided the
design incorporates a combination of textures and/or colors to add visual interest. For
example, combining split or rock-façade units with smooth blocks can create distinctive
patterns. The figures below illustrate acceptable concrete block use/designs.
CMU is the primary cladding for the corner element
above, but secondary to brick on the main facades.
The corner element uses a combination of decorative
split faced CMU closer to the sidewalk and smooth‐
faced CMU that is colored to look more like
traditional white terra cotta tiles.
The above façade illustrates an acceptable alternative
example, as CMU is used as the primary cladding material.
Note the use of split‐façade CMU’s above each of the
awnings and coupled with the use of smooth‐façade
CMU’s on the vertical columns (which employ black accent
tiles for added interest).
Figure 38.530.060.C.1
Acceptable concrete block use/design
Comment [b66]: Debated whether to mention
brick specifically in this statement. This is where the
DG’s might continue to promote brick, stone, and
wood as primary cladding materials
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2. Metal siding may be used as a secondary secondary cladding material if it is incorporated with
other permitted materials and complies with the following standards:
a. It must feature visible corner molding and trim and does not extend to the ground level of
non-residential and mixed-use buildings and no lower than two feet above grade for
residential buildings. Masonry, concrete, or other durable material must be incorporated
between the metal siding and the ground plane.
b. Metal siding must be factory finished, with a matte, non-reflective surface.
Departures will be considered per ____ provided the material’s integration and overall
façade composition meets the intent of the standards.
The use of metal siding in each example above is secondary to masonry. The left and right images are more
contemporary in character, whereas the middle image is more rustic and industrial, with more refined windows.
Figure 38.530.060.C.2
Acceptable metal siding examples
3. Standards for the use of Extrior Insulation and Finish System (EIFS). Such material/finishes may
be used as a decorative accent cladding material if it is incorporated with other permitted
materials and it complies with the following:
a. EIFS is limited to no more than 20 percent of the total façade area and may not be the
primary cladding material.
b. EIFS must feature a smooth or sand finish only.
c. EIFS must be trimmed in wood, masonry, or other material and must be sheltered from
weather by roof overhangs or other methods.
d. EIFS must not be used on the ground floor when facing a street, internal access road or
pathway. Concrete, masonry, or other durable material must be used for ground level wall
surfaces to provide a durable surface where damage is most likely.
Departures will be considered per ____ provided the material’s integration and overall
façade composition meets the intent of the standards.
1
Comment [b67]: Note that some areas per the
NCOD guidelines would allow more metal – as
NCOD provisions would take precedent over
provisions here.
Comment [b68]: Another approach is to
prohibit it completely. I’m not sure how much its
actually used in town and whether it can withstand
the weather?
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Note the use of brick and decorative concrete block on the ground level and EIFS on the second floor of the left image. The
window treatments visible on the second floor add depth and interest to the façade. The right image employs EIFS between
the window and sidewalk – this design is prohibited.
Figure 38.530.060.C.3
Acceptable and unacceptable EIFS examples.
4. Cementitious wall board paneling/siding may be used provided it meets the following provisions:
a. Cement board paneling/siding may not be used on the ground floor of non-residential or
mixed-use buildings where adjacent to a sidewalk or other pedestrian path.
b. Where Cement board paneling/siding is the dominant siding material, the design must
integrate a mix of colors and/or textures that are articulated consistent with windows,
balconies, and modulated building surfaces and are balanced with façade details that add visual
interest from the ground level and adjacent buildings.
Departures will be considered per ____ provided the material’s integration and overall
façade composition meets the intent of the standards.
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Sec. 38.530.070. – Blank wall treatments.
A. Intent.
1. To avoid untreated blank walls.
2. To retain and enhance the character of Bozeman’s streetscapes.
B. Blank wall definition. A wall (including building façades and retaining walls) is considered a blank
wall if it is over ten feet in height has a horizontal length greater than 15 feet and does not include a
transparent window or door and the space occupies no more than 15 percent of the façade plane.
Figure 38.530.070.B
Blank wall definition
C. Untreated blank walls visible from a public street, pedestrian-oriented space, common usable
open space, or pedestrian pathway are prohibited. Methods to treat blank walls can include:
1. Display windows at least 16 inches of depth to allow for changeable displays. Tack on display
cases do not qualify as a blank wall treatment.
2. Landscape planting bed at least five feet wide or a raised planter bed at least two feet high and
three feet wide in front of the wall with planting materials that are sufficient to obscure or
screen at least 60 percent of the wall’s surface within three years.
3. Installing a vertical trellis in front of the wall with climbing vines or plant materials.
4. Installing a mural as approved by the reviewing authority.
5. Special building detailing that adds visual interest at a pedestrian scale. Such detailing must use a
variety of surfaces; monotonous designs will not meet the purpose of the standards.
For large visible blank walls, a variety of treatments may be required to meet the intent of the
standards.
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Figure 38.530.070.C
Acceptable and unacceptable blank wall treatments
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New definitions proposed for Article 7
Articulation. The giving of emphasis to architectural elements (like windows, balconies, entries, etc.)
that create a complementary pattern or rhythm, dividing large buildings into smaller identifiable pieces.
See section 38.530.040 for articulation standards.
Articulation interval. The measure of articulation, the distance before architectural elements repeat.
See section 38.530.040 for articulation standards.
Blank wall. A ground floor wall or portion of a ground floor wall over 10 feet in height has a horizontal
length greater than 20 feet and does not include a transparent window or door. See section
38.530.070.C for blank wall treatment standards.
Cornice. A horizontal molding projecting along the top of a wall, building, etc. See 38.530.050.E for
related standards.
Departure. A provision allowing for applicants to propose alternative means of compliance with a
specific standard on a voluntary basis, provided they meet the “intent” of the standard. See 38.500.030E
for more information on departures.
Façade. The entire building front or street wall face of a building extending from the grade of the
building to the top of the parapet or eaves and the entire width of the building elevation.
Fenestration. The design, proportioning, and disposition of windows and other exterior openings of a
building.
High visibility street corners and gateway sites. Special sites identified in the detailed community
design framework maps (see figures 38.510.020.C.2-12) that warrant special design standards set forth in
section 38.530.050.D.
Level I, II, and III Improvements. See section 38.500.020.B for descriptions.
Pedestrian-oriented open space. Publicly accessible spaces that enliven the pedestrian environment
by providing opportunities for outdoor dining, socializing, relaxing and provide visual amenities that can
contribute to the character of the neighborhood. See section 38.520.060.D for pedestrian-oriented
open space design criteria.
Transom window. A window or series of windows placed above a beam separating a door and/or
storefront windows. Transom windows are often placed above a canopy or marquee to emit extra
daylight into a commercial space.
Trellis. A frame supporting open latticework used as a screen or a support for growing vines or plants.
Vertical building modulation. A stepping back or projecting forward vertical walls of a building face,
within specified intervals of building width and depth, as a means of breaking up the apparent bulk of a
structure’s continuous exterior walls. Vertical building modulation may be used to meet façade
articulation standards set forth in section 38.530.040.
Comment [b69]: We probably want to refer to
other departure procedures related provisions in
other articles.